TY - JOUR A1 - Kolb, Peter A1 - Gockel, Christine A1 - Werth, Lioba T1 - The effects of temperature on service employees’ customer orientation: an experimental approach JF - Ergonomics N2 - Numerous studies have demonstrated how temperature can affect perceptual, cognitive and psychomotor performance (e.g. Hancock, P.A., Ross, J., and Szalma, J., 2007. A meta-analysis of performance response under thermal stressors. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 49 (5), 851–877). We extend this research to interpersonal aspects of performance, namely service employees' and salespeople's customer orientation. We combine ergonomics with recent research on social cognition linking physical with interpersonal warmth/coldness. In Experiment 1, a scenario study in the lab, we demonstrate that student participants in rooms with a low temperature showed more customer-oriented behaviour and gave higher customer discounts than participants in rooms with a high temperature – even in zones of thermal comfort. In Experiment 2, we show the existence of alternative possibilities to evoke positive temperature effects on customer orientation in a sample of 126 service and sales employees using a semantic priming procedure. Overall, our results confirm the existence of temperature effects on customer orientation. Furthermore, important implications for services, retail and other settings of interpersonal interactions are discussed. Practitioner Summary: Temperature effects on performance have emerged as a vital research topic. Owing to services' increasing economic importance, we transferred this research to the construct of customer orientation, focusing on performance in service and retail settings. The demonstrated temperature effects are transferable to services, retail and other settings of interpersonal interactions. KW - Helping behaviour KW - Interpersonal performance KW - Customer orientation Y1 - 2012 N1 - Online: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223135162_The_effects_of_temperature_on_service_employees'_customer_orientation_An_experimental_approach VL - 55 IS - 6 SP - 621 EP - 635 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Roe, Robert A. A1 - Gockel, Christine A1 - Meyer, Bertolt T1 - Time and change in teams: where we are and where we are moving JF - European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology N2 - In this introduction to the special issue on Time and Change in Teams, we argue that the field of team research shows signs of a problem-method misfit with respect to the study of processes. Drawing on the distinction between differential and temporal (or variable vs. process) research, we scrutinise recent theories and research practices in the field, aiming to better understand the lack of congruence between research objectives and methods. We also discuss ways in which the gap between theory and method can be narrowed, and how the five studies making up this special issue contribute to this. We conclude with suggesting some future directions for the study of time and change in teams. KW - Teams KW - Time KW - Process KW - Dynamics KW - Methodology Y1 - 2012 N1 - Online: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233390346_Time_and_change_in_teams_Where_we_are_and_where_we_are_moving VL - 21 IS - 5 SP - 629 EP - 656 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gockel, Christine A1 - Werth, Lioba T1 - Measuring and modeling shared leadership: traditional approaches and new ideas. JF - Journal of Personnel Psychology N2 - In this article, we provide an overview of current measures of shared leadership. Our aim is to help researchers choose the appropriate measure and give them advice on the statistical analysis of shared leadership measures. We first present traditional approaches, namely two questionnaires assessing shared leadership behaviors displayed by a team. We then describe social network indexes showing how leadership influence is distributed in a team and the coefficient of variation showing the relative dispersion of team members’ leadership influence. Finally, we present a new idea for modeling mutual influence processes in teams, the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM, Kenny, Kashy, & Cook, 2006). It can depict how each team member’s outcomes are affected by own and other team members’ leadership behaviors. For all approaches, we point out requirements, advantages, and disadvantages. KW - Shared leadership KW - Measurement KW - Network indexes KW - Actor-Partner Interdependence Model KW - APIM Y1 - 2010 N1 - Online: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232498306_Measuring_and_Modeling_Shared_Leadership_Traditional_Approaches_and_New_Ideas VL - 9 IS - 4 SP - 172 EP - 180 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gockel, Christine A1 - Kerr, Norbert L. A1 - Seok, Dong-Heon A1 - Harris, David W. T1 - Indispensability and group identification as sources of task motivation JF - Journal of Experimental Social Psychology N2 - Traditional Instrumentality × Value (I × V) models have attributed gains in performance groups to various conditions affecting the instrumentality of group members’ effort for a variety of valued outcomes. Social identity models have challenged this interpretation, suggesting that the instrumentality of effort may be irrelevant when group identification is high. A laboratory study is reported in which both indispensability and group identification are manipulated, and participants’ effort on a physical persistence task is assessed. Contrary to the social identity predictions but consistent with I × V predictions, the indispensability of effort had a positive effect on participants’ effort. Group identification had no direct or moderating effects on effort. KW - Group performance KW - Task motivation KW - Indispensability KW - Group identification Y1 - 2008 N1 - Volltext aus urheberrechtlichen Gründen nicht verfügbar. Fulltext due to copyright not available. VL - 44 IS - 5 SP - 1316 EP - 1321 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Horowitz, Irwin A. A1 - Kerr, Norbert L. A1 - Park, Ernest S. A1 - Gockel, Christine T1 - Chaos in the courtroom reconsidered: emotional bias and juror nullification JF - Law and Human Behavior N2 - A widespread presumption in the law is that giving jurors nullification instructions would result in “chaos”—jurors guided not by law but by their emotions and personal biases. We propose a model of juror nullification that posits an interaction between the nature of the trial (viz. whether the fairness of the law is at issue), nullification instructions, and emotional biases on juror decision-making. Mock jurors considered a trial online which varied the presence a nullification instructions, whether the trial raised issues of the law's fairness (murder for profit vs. euthanasia), and emotionally biasing information (that affected jurors’ liking for the victim). Only when jurors were in receipt of nullification instructions in a nullification-relevant trial were they sensitive to emotionally biasing information. Emotional biases did not affect evidence processing but did affect emotional reactions and verdicts, providing the strongest support to date for the chaos theory. KW - Juror nullification KW - Chaos hypothesis KW - Emotional bias Y1 - 2006 N1 - Volltext aus urheberrechtlichen Gründen nicht verfügbar. Fulltext due to copyright not available. VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 163 EP - 181 ER -