Bornimer Agrartechnische Berichte
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INSECTA 2024
(2024)
The 9th INSECTA International Conference is organized by the Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik und Bioökonomie e.V. (ATB) and the Pilot Pflanzenöltechnologie Magdeburg e.V. (PPM) on May 14, 15, and 16, 2024. The conference, hosted for the first time at the main ATB campus and the business promotion bank of the federal state of Brandenburg (ILB), Potsdam, Germany, aims to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art in insect utilization along with the prospects and constraints of using insects for food, feed and non-food purposes in Europe and worldwide. This publication contains the abstracts of all oral and poster presentations at this conference.
ATB and PPM alternate responsibility for conference leadership on an annual basis. PPM initiated INSECTA 2015 in Magdeburg and took the leadership in 2016 (Magdeburg), 2018 (Giessen), 2021 (Magdeburg), and 2023 (Magdeburg). ATB was responsible for the organization in 2017 (Berlin), 2019 (Potsdam), 2022 (Giessen), and 2024 (Potsdam). This year, we are delighted to be guests at the ILB for the opening day and to invite you to the Center for Research and Communication in a Circular BioEconomy (CIRCLE) of ATB for day two and three of the conference.
INSECTA 2024 aims to sustain the success of recent congresses and to ensure its impact in insect science and technology for both industry and academia, as well as to bridge insect farming with insect processing and biotechnology. The theme of the conference is “Insects in circular bioeconomy” with emphasis on insects as food, feed and non-food applications for resilient and sustainable agri-food systems. This conference aims to bring together industry and research innovation, helping to discover innovative perspectives of insect technology. We have compiled a broad scientific program consisting of five central conference themes: i) Insect rearing and production systems, ii) Insect processing for food and feed, iii) Safety and environmental aspects, iv) Non-food applications of insects, and v) Animal welfare, ethical and legal aspects.
INSECTA 2022
(2022)
INSECTA 2021
(2021)
Agriculture across the world is being transformed by the dynamic interaction of environ-mental and socio-economic factors such as the demand of global markets, urbanization, agricultural commercialization and intensification, climate change, concentration and ver-tical integration of food and bioenergy production. Innovation to adapt agricultural produc-tion to these challenges has to tackle the contemporary complexity of agricultural systems and its changing framework. The Zayandeh Rud river basin in Central Iran urgently needs forward-looking strategies for agricultural production in the midst of the acute problems of water scarcity and unequal water distribution between sectors and regions. The imbalance between water quantity and demand over the last two decades has motivated policy mak-ers and managers to seek measures and strategies to reduce agricultural water use while minimizing losses in agricultural revenues. Addressing this complexity requires adaptation strategies in agriculture and rural development based on multi-stakeholder interaction.
The report at hand is one outcome of the project “Integrated Water Resources Manage-ment Zayandeh Rud” (3/2016 - 12/2018). It is an outcome of a strongly interactive process with local stakeholders designed and moderated in a cooperation between the German and Iranian project partners. The information gained in through the participatory process was synthesized into ten transformation strategies that are grouped into four focus areas (Capacity Development, Agricultural Management, Water Distribution, and Land Manage-ment and Soil Fertility). The participatory process and the resulting strategies with measures for their implementation are detailed in this report.
Important for the success of the agricultural transformation is the willingness of govern-ments, farmers, donors, companies and civil society organizations to assume responsibil-ities, take risks and change behaviors at the level of individuals, organizations and society to pursue an accepted solution within the basin. The Iranian commitment to implementing IWRM in the Zayandeh Rud Basin and the two phases of the BMBF-funded project “IWRM” have been crucial steps towards the path to enhance the socio-economic and environmental situation in the Zayandeh Rud Basin. The comprehensive, deep and par-tially difficult but target-oriented discussions of the multi-stakeholders during the participa-tory workshops have been valuable contributions to improve communication and, there-fore, the understanding of the diverse perspectives on the same challenging need for transformation.
Key to all the proposed transformation strategies in the report are activities to continue the development of a common knowledge base and set of tools, so that integrated re-source management plans can be put forward and continually evaluated. Also empha-sized is the need to involve all stakeholders to prevent fear of bias from hindering general acceptance of the tools. This is essential since none of the strategies can be expected to reduce basin-wide agricultural water use by themselves if the overall area of irrigated cul-tivated land area is not reduced.
INSECTA 2019
(2019)
INSECTA 2018
(2018)
In der Ausgabe 99 der Schriftenreihe „Bornimer Agrartechnische Berichte“ (BAB) werden referierte Langfassungen von Beiträgen des 24. Computer-Bildanalyse-Workshops (CBA) zusammengefasst und veröffentlicht. Ziel der jährlichen Workshop-Reihe ist ein methodologischer und anwendungsorientierter Erfahrungsaustausch zwischen Forschergruppen bildgebender und spektroskopischer Verfahren in der Landwirtschaft und im Gartenbau. Gastgeber waren bisher wechselnde Forschungsinstitutionen in Deutschland. In diesem Jahr fand der CBA-Workshop erstmals nicht in Deutschland, sondern an der Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschule (ETH) Zürich und damit in der Schweiz statt.
Auch in 2018 deckte der Workshop eine große Bandbreite von Themen ab. Hierzu zählten die berührungslose spektrale Sensorik, die automatisierte Bildanalyse, vor allem aber auch neue Ansätze autonomen Phytomonitorings durch Boden- und Flugroboter auf Ackerflächen und in Obstplantagen. Besonders durch innovative Konzepte der räumlichen Datenanalyse können einzelne Produktionsschritte optimiert werden, eine Herangehensweise, die als Precision Agriculture und in Verbindung mit mobilen, intelligenten Kommunikationsmitteln inzwischen als "Smart Farming" bezeichnet wird.
Globale Vision ist es, die Produktion in der Landwirtschaft und im Gartenbau zu digitalisieren und damit so eng zu vernetzen, dass eine adaptive Beeinflussung möglich und somit ressourceneffizient und nachhaltig wird. Hier setzt die zielgerichtete Grundlagenforschung an, die darauf aufbauend spezielle Anwendungen für die Landwirtschaft hervorbringen wird. Der CBA-Workshop schafft hierbei ein geeignetes Forum für den Austausch zwischen Wissenschaft und Praxis.
Abstract
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is a highly perishable crop. The aim of the work presented here is to find ways to predict storability of broccoli shortly after harvest. Several methods are examined regarding their suitability for predicting broccoli storability.
The non-destructive, optical measuring devices used in this work represent some of the common methods used for scientific quality assessment (color determination, chlorophyll fluorescence analysis). In addition, spectral data from diffuse reflection measurements, from both spot measurements and hyperspectral images, was evaluated. The generative development of broccoli curds was studied using diameters both of single buds and of whole curds, and was related to subsequent storability.
The concentrations of the chlorophylls a and b, green chlorophyll catabolites chlorophyllide a (Chlide), pheophytin a (Pheoin), pheophorbide a (Pheoide) and carotenoids ß-carotene (ß-Car), lutein (Lut), neoxanthin (Nx) and violaxanthin (Vx) were determined in floral buds of broccoli through the use of high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The goal was to determine if chlorophyll catabolites may function as indicators of broccoli storability and, furthermore, to relate the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments to the color change of broccoli during storage.
In order to investigate effects from the field on the subsequent storability of broccoli, cultivation methods were altered. Plants were partly covered with covers of different materials, which affected the quantity and quality of incident global radiation. The application of fertilizers was specifically varied in one broccoli batch. Additionally, the influence of climatic events on the shelf life of broccoli was analyzed by querying an established database.
The non-destructive indexes that proved to be most sensitive to changes during storage were the levels of photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm, ΦPSII), the CIELAB color space coordinate on a blue to yellow scale (b*) and the inflection point of reflection spectra in the transition region from dark red to infrared electromagnetic wavelength range (REIP). However, based on parameter sensitivity, the prediction of value levels after four days of storage at 16 °C and high relative humidity (RH) (~ 95 %) was unfeasible. Quality indexes that changed on the same storage day did not necessarily end up at the same value level. Additionally, values of both Fv/Fm and ΦPSII did not adequately reflect the quality status of broccoli when different harvest batches were compared.
In hyperspectral images, early quality changes were effectively rated based on Euclidean distances within broccoli curds and were displayed using reflection intensities at three wavelengths within the visible electromagnetic spectrum as RGB channels. The observed variation within broccoli curds was related to differences in the degree of senescence of single floral buds. However, the diameters of floral buds did not correspond to a rating of storability. In contrast, curd diameters within individual harvest batches were related to subsequent yellowing.
The yellowing of broccoli was based on the decomposition of chlorophyll, which unmasked the carotenoids present. No accumulation of chlorophyll catabolites was found during storage. A trend towards rapidly increasing chlorophyll a/b ratios was observed in a broccoli batch with particularly high storability.
Different N-fertilization of broccoli curds closely corresponded both with values of initial lightness L* of the CIELAB color space (R² = 0.70) and normalized difference vegetation index NDVI (R² = 0.73). Yet, N-fertilization had no impact on further storability. A negative impact on storability was observed when the spectrum of incident radiation on the field was temporarily reduced by using plastic covers with limited transmittance (λ = 400-500 nm). In a similar way, an increased number of hours with high solar radiation intensity (> 600 W m-2) during cultivation had a negative impact on broccoli storability (R² = 0.47). The impact of high irradiation partly corresponded with temperatures higher than 25 °C (R² = 0.29). A strong predetermination of curd storability was observed based on the water availability for broccoli plants in the last two weeks before harvest (R² = 0.71).
A successful prediction of broccoli storability is therefore most likely to be conducted by looking at effects during cultivation. For early non-destructive evaluation of the current quality status of broccoli, both the parameter b* and the spectral index REIP were highly suitable. Therefore, through the help of monitoring systems throughout cultivation (database of climate and cultivation incidents) in combination with reflection-based, hand-held devices during storage, the prediction and rating of broccoli storability can certainly be improved.
Bioindikatoren der Biogasfermentation (BIOGAS-MARKER) - Entwicklung von molekularen Markern und Nachweisverfahren auf Basis der quantitativen PCR für das Monitoring von prozessrelevanten Mikroorganismen als Frühwarnsystem für Prozessstörungen
Grundlegendes Problem der Biogaserzeugung ist, dass die hierbei stattfindenden biochemischen und mikrobiologischen Stoffwandlungsprozesse bislang nur ansatzweise verstanden sind. Der Großteil der beteiligten Mikroorganismen ist nach wie vor unbekannt. Eine Kenntnis der Biogas-Mikrobiologie wird jedoch allgemein als Schlüssel für die weitere technologische Optimierung der Biogasproduktion angesehen.
Im Rahmen dieses Verbundvorhabens wurden molekulare Marker für Arten und Gruppen von Mikroorganismen entwickelt, die von zentraler Bedeutung für den anaeroben Abbau von Biomasse zu Biogas sind. Nach Ermittlung besonders prozessrelevanter Mikroorganismen wurden kultivierungsunabhängige molekulare Nachweisverfahren für die Beurteilung der Systemmikrobiologie von Biogasreaktoren etabliert.