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Corrosion of steel reinforcements in concrete constructions is a big topic for the building industry. Polymeric materials are a possible alternative due to their ability to withstand corrosion. To replace steel reinforcements, fibers with high mechanical properties and a good bonding ability between fiber and concrete are needed. Today different approaches for concrete reinforcement by polymer fibers have been investigated. The bonding ability of the fibers can be increased by mechanical anchoring, e.g. crimped or embossed fibers, as well as by a chemical bonding between concrete and fiber surface. To realize the requirements of high mechanical properties and a good bonding behavior, a fiber that is drawn from a co-extruded filament shall be produced and tested. The filament owns an innovative core-shell-structure. The core maintains the fiber-stiffness and the tensile strength while the shell allows using another material to affect the bonding behavior of the fiber. This study shows the usage of fibers with differing shell materials to examine their influence on the mechanical properties of the fiber in total and the adhesion abilities to concrete. As core material, an unfilled polypropylene (PP) is used. The shell materials are varied using different polymers e.g. polypropylene or ethylene acrylic acid copolymer, as well as two PP based compounds filled with wood particles and calcium carbonate blended with a maleic anhydride based coupling agent. The mechanical properties of the fibers are tested by fiber tensile tests to compare the younǵs modulus and the tensile strength. The influence of the shell phase on the bonding ability to concrete is evaluated by the interfacial shear strength calculated from single fiber pull-out tests. Microscopy is used to interpret changes before and after pull-out. The results depict incredible positive effects and allow new insights in possible materials for fiber reinforced concrete constructions.
One major problem of a continuous process like plastic extrusion is their incapability to deal with non-local gas pressure. This is an inherent problem because a continuous process has an open end in the feeding port where pressure can escape. In this study a novel feeding system was developed to enable granulate feeding into gas pressurized processes inside a single- or twin-screw extruder. With this apparatus gas pressure can be applied inside the extrusion process. The apparatus separates the pressurized extruder from the dosing equipment that feeds the extruder. It keeps the pressure inside the system while continuously feeding new material into the process. A small-scale prototype was designed for proof-of concept. The small size of the prototype was able to handle small amounts of granulates of around 100 - 200 g/h. An applied gas pressure of 8 bar was achieved. In future optimizations, throughput can be increased and maximum applied gas pressure towards 15-20 bar.
A crucial problem in concrete engineering is the corrosion of steel reinforcements. Polymer fibers as alternative reinforcement material can prevent corrosion; however, high adhesion to concrete and good fiber mechanics are necessary for polymers to be considered as an alternative reinforcement. This study tested different thermoplastic polymer materials to evaluate their level of adhesion to concrete. The adhesion properties of different self‐drawn polymer fibers were analyzed by extracting the fibers from concrete using single fiber pull‐out test (SFPT). To determine the adhesion mechanism, different polymer properties were analyzed and correlated to SFPT. Strong evidence was found that the fibers mechanical properties correlate with SFPT. Roughening the fiber surface increases the SFPT results significantly. While highly polar materials can support the adhesion process, a clear correlation could not be found. This study identifies high stiffness and roughness as the crucial properties of polymer fibers used in concrete engineering. If these factors can be engineered into the fiber, polymer fibers can present an alternative to steel in concrete reinforcement.