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We present a numerical and experimental design study for reducing conducted common mode noise for frequencies below 10MHz generated in switching cells comprising sub-nH commutation loops. Compared to conventional methods of adding external gate resistors our approach does not degrade efficiency. A parallel plate loop design (characterized by a minimum loop inductance and small board area usage) is found suboptimal in terms of conducted EMI compared to a micro-strip line loop geometry. The net ground impedance rather than the net ground inductance is found to mainly contribute to the observed EMI noise.
Implementation of robotic devices in nursing care. Barriers and facilitators: an integrative review
(2020)
Background: Robots in healthcare are gaining increasing attention; however, their implementation is challenging due to the complexity of both interventions themselves and the contexts in which they are implemented. The objective of this integrative review is to identify barriers to and facilitators of the implementation of robotic systems in nursing.
Methods: Articles published from 2002 to 2019 reporting on projects to implement robotic devices in nursing care were searched on Medline (via PubMed), CINAHL and databases on funded research projects (Community Research and Development Information Services and Technische Informationsbibliothek) and in journals for robotic research in November 2017 and July 2019 for an update. No restrictions regarding study designs were imposed. All included articles underwent quality assessments with design-specific critical appraisal tools. Barriers to and facilitators of implementation were classified using the Context and Implementation of Complex Interventions framework.
Results: After removing all duplicates, the search revealed 11 204 studies, of which 17 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the synthesis. The majority of the studies dealt with the implementation of robots designed to support individuals, either living at home or in nursing homes (n=11). The studies were conducted in Europe, the USA and New Zealand and were carried out in nursing homes, individual living environments, hospital units and laboratories. The quality of reporting and quality of evidence were low in most studies. The most frequently reported barriers were in socioeconomic and ethical domains and were within the implementation outcomes domain. The most frequently reported facilitators were related to the sociocultural context, implementation process and implementation strategies.
Discussion: This review identified barriers to and facilitators of the implementation of robotic devices in nursing within different dimensions. The results serve as a basis for the development of suitable implementation strategies to reduce potential barriers and promote the integration of elements to facilitate implementation.
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018073486.
Hintergrund: Die COVID-19-Pandemie ist eine Ausnahmesituation ohne Präzedenz und erforderte zahlreiche Ad-hoc-Anpassungen in den Strukturen und Prozessen der akutstationären Versorgung.
Ziel: Ziel war es zu untersuchen, wie aus Sicht von Führungspersonen und Hygienefachkräften in der Pflege die stationäre Akutversorgung durch die Pandemiesituation beeinflusst wurde und welche Implikationen sich daraus für die Zukunft ergeben.
Methoden: Qualitative Studie bestehend aus semistrukturierten Interviews mit fünf Verantwortlichen des leitenden Pflegemanagements und drei Hygienefachkräften in vier Krankenhäusern in Deutschland. Die Interviews wurden mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse: Die Befragten beschrieben den auf die prioritäre Versorgung von COVID-19-Fällen hin umstrukturierten Klinikalltag. Herausforderungen waren Unsicherheit und Angst bei den Mitarbeiter_innen, relative Ressourcenknappheit von Material und Personal und die schnelle Umsetzung neuer Anforderungen an die Versorgungleistung. Dem wurde durch gezielte Kommunikation und Information, massive Anstrengungen zur Sicherung der Ressourcen und koordinierte Steuerung aller Prozesse durch bereichsübergreifende, interprofessionelle Task Forces begegnet.
Schlussfolgerungen: Die in der COVID-19-Pandemie vorgenommenen Anpassungen zeigen Entwicklungspotenziale für die zukünftige Routineversorgung auf, z. B. könnten neue Arbeits- und Skill Mix-Modelle aufgegriffen werden. Für die Konkretisierung praktischer Implikationen sind vertiefende Analysen der Daten mit zeitlichem Abstand erforderlich.
A DDR3 SDRAM test setup implemented on the Griffin III test system from HILEVEL Technologies is used to analyse the row hammer bug. Row hammer pattern experiments are compared to standard retention tests for different manufacturing technologies. The row hammer effect is depending on the number of stress activation cycles. The analysis is extended to an avoidance scheme with refreshes similar to the Target Row Refresh scheme for the DDR4 SDRAM technology.
Für eine Einführung in die fertigungstechnischen Grundlagen der Aufbau- und Verbindungstechnik sind im Wahlfach „Leiterplattentechnik Praktikum“ an der Technischen Hochschule (TH) Rosenheim Inhalte der Prozesstechnik und des Leiterplattendesigns miteinander kombiniert. Zu Beginn der Veranstaltung zeichnen die Praktikumsteilnehmer ein Layout für eine Leiterbahn-Teststruktur, welche anschließend im Haus gefertigt wird. Nach der Fertigung folgt eine elektrische und optische Charakterisierung zur Kontrolle der Prozessqualität. Die praxisnahe Erstellung eines einlagigen Layouts für eine LED-Taschenlampe auf Basis eines vorgegebenen Schaltplans und innerhalb einer begrenzten Platinenfläche sowie dessen Fertigung befähigen die Kursteilnehmer später, eigene Layouts für elektronische Schaltungen selbstständig zu entwickeln. Die anspruchsvolle, teilautomatische Bestückung einer zweilagigen, vorgegebenen SMT(Surface Mount Technology)-Leiterplatte, die ein FM-Radio mit Capacitive Touch-Steuerung bildet, rundet die erfolgreiche Qualifizierung in der Leiterplattentechnik ab.
Neue Erkenntnisse zur Wichtigkeit ausreichender Tageslichtversorgung im Innenraum haben planungsrelevante Änderungen normativer Vorgaben nach sich gezogen. Renate Hammer und Mathias Wambsganß veranschaulichen die neuen Anforderungen und erläutern die Möglichkeiten zur planerischen Umsetzung. Die Autoren klären, wann Tageslichtversorgung und Besonnung als ausreichend gelten, welche Qualitäten die Sichtverbindung nach außen erfüllen muss und wie Blendung durch Tageslicht zu begrenzen ist. Angaben zur melanopischen Wirkungsweise von Tageslicht bieten einen Einstieg in den planerischen Umgang mit nicht-visuellen Kriterien. Ein weiteres Kapitel zeigt die Schnittstellen mit anderen Aspekten der Bauplanung.
1. Understanding and explaining the structure of communities in response to environmental gradients is a central goal in ecology. Trait‐based approaches are promising but yet rarely applied to understand community dynamics in response to changing environmental conditions.
2. Here, we investigate seasonal succession patterns of functional traits in phytoplankton communities and how nutrient reductions (oligotrophication) alter these patterns. We used phytoplankton data from 40 years of observation from the Rappbode Reservoir (Germany), which underwent a strong shift in trophic conditions, and translated taxonomic composition into functional traits by assigning trait values compiled from the literature.
3. All studied traits (morphological, behavioural and physiological traits) responded to changing environmental conditions and showed consistent, reoccurring seasonal developments. The seasonal succession of phytoplankton communities was shaped by a trade‐off between small‐celled, fast‐growing species that are able to rapidly incorporate existing resources (r ‐strategists) and large‐celled species with more complex and efficient mechanisms to exploit scarce mineral nutrients or acquire previously unexploited nutrient pools (k ‐strategists). In summer, when nutrients were scarce, the k ‐strategy was prevailing (important traits: phosphate affinity, nitrogen fixation, motility and mixotrophy). During the rest of the year, nutrients and turbulence were high and r ‐strategists dominated (important traits: maximum growth rate and light affinity).
4. A comparison between eutrophic and oligotrophic years revealed that the main features of functional trait succession were largely preserved, but intra‐annual fluctuations from spring to summer were stronger during eutrophic years. Nutrient reductions mainly affected functional traits and biomass in spring, while in summer the functional community composition changed little.
5. Synthesis. This study provides for the first time a quantitatively supported functional template for trait‐based succession patterns in lakes under different nutrient conditions. By translating taxonomic composition into trait information, we demonstrate that the quantification of functional characteristics enables ecological interpretation of observed community dynamics and provides not only a testable template but also a powerful tool towards a more mechanistic understanding. The quantification of functional traits further improves the predictability of community shifts in response to changing environmental conditions and thus opens new perspectives for predictive limnology using lake ecosystem models.
Der Artikel diskutiert den praktischen Nutzen der Marktüberwachung von Bauprodukten im Geltungsbereich harmonisierter Normen unter der Bauproduktenrichtlinie. Neben formalen Aspekten kann die Marktüberwachung hier im wesentlichen sicherstellen, dass die tatsächlich vorhandenen Leistungen den erklärten Leistungen entsprechen. Dies entlastet den Verwender der Bauprodukte nicht von der Prüfung, ob die erklärten Leistungen die Anforderungen in der konkreten Verwendung erfüllen. Es wird kurz auf vorhandene Statistiken zur Marktüberwachung von Bauprodukten eingegangen.
MBO-Änderungen geplant
(2020)
A novel approach to optically distinguish plastics based on fluorescence lifetime measurements
(2020)
A novel approach to optically distinguish plastics based on fluorescence lifetime measurements
(2020)
In medical and biological research, fluorescence lifetime measurements and fluorescence lifetime imaging is already a part of the standardized analysis procedures. As first investigations have shown, polymers can be identified using fluorescence lifetime imaging and an evaluation algorithm. Thus, this contribution pursues a novel approach for the direct differentiation of four polymers with fluorescence lifetime imaging. Therefore, the evaluation algorithm is extended to compare several fluorescence lifetime images to prove that a distinction is possible.
Plastic waste is one of the biggest growing factors contributing to environmental pollution. So far there has been no established method to detect and identify plastics in environmental matrices. Thus, a method based on their characteristic fluorescence behavior is used to investigate whether plastics can be detected and identified in tap water under laboratory conditions. The experiments show that the identification of plastics as a function of water depth is possible. As the identification becomes more difficult with higher water depths, investigations with a highly sensitive imaging method were carried out to obtain an areal integration of the fluorescent light and thus better results.
Mobile-access edge clouds provide distributed com-pute capacities for low-latency applications. 5G technology willpave the way for such mobile deployment scenarios. In thispaper, we propose an edge cloud infrastructure that supportslow-latency video analysis connected with bandwidth reductionfor a moving group of persons. As example, we consider a mobilebody camera scenario that monitors the situation in a certain areaand transmits it to an operations center. Our discussion focuseson three aspects: mobility support, low-latency video processing,and bandwidth reduction. For this, we propose a mobile edgecloud infrastructure with a central cloud. In order to optimizevideo processing we optimize the edge cloud device assignmentof the cameras depending on their movement by reassigning itto another cloud device. This requires live migration of ongoingvideo analysis between edge devices. Finally we discuss the useof a mobile central cloud.
Holz statt Braunkohle
(2020)
Holz statt Braunkohle
(2020)