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The Quantum Mechanics Venue is a learning teaching laboratory for high school students at TU Dortmund University. In this context the lab is continuously used and developed by university students. The lab itself focusses on conducting key experiments in quantum mechanics and the visualization of quantum mechanical effects. By exploiting the contradiction between classical expectation and experimental observation, cognitive dissonances are stimulated and later resolved, which leads to an increased learning outcome. Conducting existing experiments is, however, in some cases hindered by a complicated alignment, which does not aid the quantum mechanical understanding. The desired learning outcome can thus not be achieved in all cases.
In order to address these challenges and to allow for a future remote use of the laboratory, three pilot experiments were transformed into cross reality labs. This allows to decouple the students’ learning experience from the location of the lab. This paper provides an overview over the digitized experiments and gives an outlook on the future of the learning teaching laboratory.
The lecture Basic Principles in Physics is a compulsory subject in the education of primary school teachers at TU Dortmund University and actively attended by 100 to 150 students. Previously the lecture was held as a classic lecture utilizing mainly power point slides and experimental demonstrations. For the winter term 23/24 the lecture format was shifted towards a more interactive format, aiming at specific physics problems to be solved as part of the lecture. In order to free up the necessary time in the lecture itself , the conveyance of knowledge was shifted to the students’ preparation for the individual lectures, by providing texts and videos, which were aided by a short quiz. The lectures as well as the preparation were accessed over the entire semester. This paper provides an overview over the results obtained from the assessments and the final exams, as well as the lessons learned.
Large-scale, hypogene iron mineralization systems developed recurrently in the São Francisco craton in association with two orogenies. During the ca. 2.1–2.0 Ga Trans-Amazonian orogeny, low-temperature and low-to-moderate-salinity metamorphic fluids resulted in carbonatization-related iron enrichment of the early Paleoproterozoic Cauê Iron Formation (IF) of the Minas Supergroup (MSG) as well as short-distance iron mobilization. Monazite from the iron-oxide veins yielded a SHRIMP 232Th/208Pb date corresponding to fluid circulation coeval with the migmatization of the Archean tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite crust. During the Ediacaran to Cambrian Brasiliano orogeny, when the São Francisco craton was consolidated in its present configuration, hydrothermal fluids repeatedly mineralized the Cauê IF and the younger IFs of the lower Espinhaço Supergroup. Far-field hydrothermal alteration associated with distinct Fe mineralization episodes widely affected Meso- to Neoproterozoic sequences as well as Archean to Paleoproterozoic terranes of the cratonic core. Circulation of hydrothermal fluids during the Brasiliano orogeny caused desilicification, iron mobilization, and widespread alteration of the rocks. The alteration events are dated with monazite and xenotime intergrown with hematite, anatase, and recrystallized rims of detrital zircons from interlayered quartzites and of igneous zircons from pegmatites, granites, acidic volcanic rocks, and orthogneisses, yielding U-Pb dates between 542 and 493 Ma. U-Pb dates point to five Cambrian hydrothermal events from the waning stages to the aftermath of the Brasiliano orogeny. These hydrothermal fluid circulation events correspond to the emplacement ages of four granite suites and pegmatites that lasted from the final stages of the collision to the collapse of the Araçuaí-West Congo orogen. Episodic circulation of fluids continued for approximately 2 billion years after IF deposition on the eastern São Francisco craton with the formation of high-grade iron ore deposits and resetting of the IF trace-element inventory.
An underrepresentation of women in executive positions has persisted for decades. This paper aims to analyze the financial impact of women in executive positions in German companies by examining the economic value added and exploring the effects of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors and female supervisory board members on female board members. The results indicate that in the 200 largest German companies, the share of female executives increased between 2018 and 2022. Regardless of industry, female executives started at very low levels at around 4% in 2018; in 2022, this figure reached around 11%. Thereby, the financial sector showed the highest share of female executives at around 14% in 2022, and the industrial sector at around 9%. A closer look reveals that large companies have higher shares of female executives than smaller companies. Large companies show an average of 17% compared to small ones, and in 2022, only 8%. There is a positive correlation between the share of female supervisory board members and female executives, arguing that female supervisory board members seem to hire more female executives. Companies with more female executives tend to have lower ESG controversy scores, and companies with more female executives, measured by the economic value added, perform better financially than companies with few or no women. Companies with female executives show about 2 percentage points higher economic value added than those with the lowest share of females (no or few female executives). Thus, it seems that female executives matter and make a difference in companies.
Objectives
To examine the association between electrocardiographic (ECG) findings and disability status in older adults.
Study Design and Setting
KORA-Age, a population-based cross-sectional study of the MONICA/KORA project, a randomized sample from Southern Germany of people aged 65 years or older.
Results
A total of 534 (51.5%) of 1,037 participants were characterized as disabled. Disabled participants were on average 4.5 years older than those who were not disabled. Crude associations of left-axis deviation, ventricular conduction defects, atrial fibrillation, and QT prolongation with disability status were significant (P < 0.05). In models controlled for age and sex, these effects remained constant except for QT prolongation. In the models adjusted for the minimal sufficient adjustment set (consisting of the variables sex, physical activity, age, obesity, diabetes, education, heart diseases, income, lung diseases, and stroke) identified by a directed acyclic graph (DAG), no significant association could be shown.
Conclusion
Associations between specific ECG findings and disability were found in unadjusted analysis and logistic models adjusted for age and sex. However, when adjusting for other possible confounders identified by the DAG, all these associations were no longer significant. It is important to adequately identify confounding in such settings.
For many aspects of speech therapy an objective evaluation of the intelligibility of a patient's speech is needed. We investigate the evaluation of the intelligibility of speech by means of automatic speech recognition. Previous studies have shown that measures like word accuracy are consistent with human experts' ratings. To ease the patient's burden, it is highly desirable to conduct the assessment via phone. However, the telephone channel influences the quality of the speech signal which negatively affects the results. To reduce inaccuracies, we propose a combination of two speech recognizers. Experiments on two sets of pathological speech show that the combination results in consistent improvements in the correlation between the automatic evaluation and the ratings by human experts. Furthermore, the approach leads to reductions of 10% and 25% of the maximum error of the intelligibility measure.