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Institute
- Fakultät für Holztechnik und Bau (215) (remove)
Der Beitrag stellt grob die Regelungen der Muster-Holzbau-Richtlinie (MHolzBauRL) Ausgabe Oktober 2020 für feuerwiderstandsfähige Bauteile in Holzbauweise (die nach bauordnungsrechtlichen Vorgaben feuerbeständig oder hochfeuerhemmend sein müssen) dar. Er geht ausführlich auf die daraus resultierenden geänderten Zuordnungstabellen aus MVV TB 2020/2 Anhang 4 ein und beschreibt die Folgen für die Nachweisführung feuerwiderstandsfähiger Bauteile für Bauwerke unter diesen Regeln.
Der Artikel skizziert mit Blick auf ausführende Holzbau-Unternehmen die historische Entwicklung der Regelwerke zum Bauen mit Holz ab der Gebäudeklasse 4 und stellt grob die Inhalte der Muster Holzbau-Richtlinie (MHolzBauRL) Fassung Oktober 2020 dar. Es werden (hypothetische) Fragen zum Thema in einer Frage-Antwort-Rubrik behandelt.
Der Beitrag zeigt im Prinzip und an konkreten Beispielen auf, dass Anforderungen an Bauprodukte selten pauschal und einheitlich für Bauwerke bestehen, sondern in der großen Mehrheit aller Fälle für jede konkrete Verwendungssituation in einem spezifischen Bauwerk im Rahmen des Planungsprozesses entstehen. Häufig kann die gleiche Bauwerksanforderung mit verschiedenen Lösungswegen erreicht werden, die jeweils unterschiedliche Anforderungen an die verwendeten Bauprodukte bedeuten.
This paper presents a method which allows to assess the wettability of thermomechanical pulp (TMP) with thermoplastic. The method is based on the usage of laboratory sheets made of TMP and plastic granules which form drops under heat. The contact angle of the drops after re-solidification on the surface of the laboratory sheets serves as the wetting characteristic. This method enables a direct and evaluable testing of wood fiber thermoplastic combinations. The exemplary results indicate that wood species, pulping temperature and mercerization influence the wettability of TMP with thermoplastic.
Bauteile der Gebäudehülle mit absturzsichernden Eigenschaften sind gegenüber statischen und stoßartigen Belastungen bezüglich der ausreichenden Tragfähigkeit des Bauteils einschließlich der Verankerung im tragenden Untergrund nachzuweisen. Die anzuwendenden Regelwerke wurden zu deutlich unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten erarbeitet und veröffentlicht. Insbesondere die ETB Richtlinie stammt aus dem Jahr 1985 und entspricht nicht mehr den heutigen Sicherheitskonzepten. Daher war es das Ziel des beantragten Vorhabens eine Anleitung zu erarbeiten, die die notwendige Nachweisführung für absturzsichernde Fenster sowie die hierfür möglichen Nachweiswege eindeutig festlegt. Des Weiteren sollte analysiert werden, wie und unter welchen Randbedingungen beim Nachweis der Fensterbefestigung die statische Ersatzlast für den Anprall auf mehrere Befestigungspunkte verteilt werden kann. Um das Forschungsziel zu erreichen wurden die aktuellen Anforderungen bzgl. der Nachweiswege und Nachweisverfahren für absturzsichernde Fenster analysiert und auf Konsistenz hinsichtlich der unterschiedlichen zu verwendenden Regelwerke überprüft.
Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and complementary methods were employed to study the time dependent film formation of a latex dispersion in water and cement pore solution. First, a model carboxylated styrene/n-butyl acrylate latex dispersion possessing a minimum film forming temperature (MFFT) of 18 °C was synthesized in aqueous media via emulsion polymerization. Its film forming property was at a temperature of 40 °C, studied under an ESEM. The analysis revealed that upon removal of water, film formation occurs as a result of particle packing, particle deformation and finally particle coalescence. Film formation is significantly retarded when the latex dispersion is present in cement pore solution. This effect can be ascribed to adsorption of Ca2+ ions onto the surface of the anionic latex particles and to interfacial secondary phases. This layer of adsorbed Ca2+ ions hinders interdiffusion of the macromolecules and subsequent film formation of the latex polymer.
Novel hybrid admixtures for construction applications were prepared by layer-by-layer deposition technique. Colloidal core templates consisting of styrene/n-butylacrylate latex particles were coated with multilayers of superplasticizers commonly used in concrete. This way, core-shell particles possessing both dispersing and film-forming properties were achieved. Incorporation of the latex@dispersant hybrid additive into a cement paste results in a slow release of the superplasticizer as a result of gradual shell disintegration which instigates prolonged plastification (long ”slump life”) of the cement slurry. Once the shell has been dissolved, latex particles are released into the pore solution and can coalesce into a polymer film which improves the mechanical properties of the hardened cement. Characterization of the templates and novel additives was performed by means of zeta potential measurement, dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy. Our method allows to synthesize multifunctional additives with time-controlled release effect.
Novel microcapsules were prepared from colloidal core–shell particles by acid dissolution of the organic core. Weakly crosslinked, monodisperse and spherical melamine-formaldehyde polycondensate particles (diameter ∼ 1 μm) were synthesized as core template and coated with multilayers of an anionic polyelectrolyte via layer-by-layer deposition technique. As polyelectrolytes, an anionic naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde polycondensate that is a common concrete superplasticizer and thus industrially available, and cationic poly(allylamine hydrochloride) were used. Core removal was achieved by soaking the core–shell particles in aqueous hydrochloric acid at pH 1.6, resulting in hollow microcapsules consisting of the polyelectrolytes. Characterization of the template, the core–shell particles, and the microcapsules plus tracking of the layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte deposition was performed by means of zeta potential measurement and scanning electron microscopy. The microcapsules might be useful as microcontainers for cement additives.
Novel hybrid admixtures for construction applications were prepared by layer-by-layer deposition technique. Colloidal core templates consisting of styrene/acrylate latex particles were coated with multilayers of polycondensate-based dispersants commonly used in concrete. This way, core–shell particles possessing both dispersing and film-forming properties were achieved. Incorporation of the latex@dispersant hybrid additive into a cement paste results in a slow release of the dispersant which instigates prolonged plastification of the cement slurry. Following disintegration of the shell, the latex core particles are released into the pore solution and coalesce into a polymer film which improves the mechanical properties of the hardened cement. Characterization of the templates and novel additives plus tracking of the layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte adsorption was performed by means of zeta potential measurement, dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy. Our method allows to synthesize multifunctional additives with time-controlled release effect.
Several methods were employed to study the time dependent film formation of a self synthesized anionic latex dispersion in water and cement pore solution. First, a model carboxylated styrene/n-butyl acrylate latex dispersion possessing a minimum film forming temperature (MFFT) of 18 °C and a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 30 °C was synthesized via emulsion polymerization. Next, its film forming behaviour was studied at 40 °C, using an ESEM instrument. The analysis revealed that upon removal of water, film formation occurs as a result of particle packing, particle deformation and finally particle coalescence. Film formation is significantly hindered in synthetic cement pore solution. This effect can be ascribed to adsorption of Ca2+ ions onto the surface of the anionic latex particles and to interfacial secondary phases. This layer of adsorbed Ca2+ ions hinders interdiffusion of the macromolecules and subsequent film formation of the latex polymer.
ESEM-Untersuchungen zum Verfilmungsverhalten von Latex-Dispersionen in Wasser und Zementporenlösung
(2010)
Untersuchungen zum Einfluss der Zementporenlösung auf das Verfilmungsverhalten von Latexdispersionen
(2009)
Investigations on the interaction of cationic and anionic latex particles with Portland cement
(2008)
The interaction between organic latex polymers and the surface of hydrating cement was investigated by measuring the zeta potential and adsorbed amount of polymer on cement. First, differently charged model latex particles were synthesized in aqueous media by well-known emulsion polymerization technique. The latex polymers were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). Electrokinetic latex surface properties were investigated by means of streaming potential measurements using a particle charge detector (PCD). It is shown that the anionic latexes adsorb a considerable amount of Ca2+ from the cement pore solution. Next, adsorption of the latex polymers on the surface of hydrating cement was confirmed by zeta potential measurements using the electroacoustic method. A water to cement ratio in the cement paste as low as 0.5 was studied, representing actual conditions in mortar and concrete. Additionally, adsorption isotherms were determined in a sedimentation test using the depletion method. For all latex polymers, Langmuir type adsorption isotherms were found. The latex dosages required to achieve saturated adsorption on the cement surface obtained from zeta potential measurements correspond well with those determined in the sedimentation test. Electron microscopy photographs confirm that the charged latex polymers adsorb selectively on surface areas of hydrating cement showing opposite charge. This way, domains of organic latex polymers exist on the cement surface. They provide adhesion between the inorganic cement matrix and the organic polymer film formed later on by particle coalescence as a result of cement hydration and drying.