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Im Beitrag wird die gemäß dem vom 13.12.2022 bis 13.03.2023 im sog. "Notifizierungsverfahren" der EU befindlichen Entwurf für die Muster-Verwaltungsvorschrift Technische Baubestimmungen (MVV TB) 2023/1 vorgesehene Änderung der Zuordnung von Klassen des Brandverhaltens für Baustoffe nach EN 13501-1 zu den bauaufsichtlichen Anforderungen an das Brandverhalten vorgestellt. Es wird auch diskutiert, welche Schwierigkeiten bei der Nachweisführung zum Brandverhalten von Baustoffen daraus resultieren. Zum Zeitpunkt der Veröffentlichung des Beitrages ist umklar, ob die neuen Regelungen wirklich so wie im Notifizierungsverfahren angekündigt in geltendes Recht umgesetzt werden.
Der Artikel erläutert kurz das Grundprinzip der CE-Kennzeichnung von Bauprodukten und die daraus resultierenden Folgen für Personen, die Bauwerke planen und die Bauprodukte bei der Errichtung von Bauwerken verwenden. Speziell am Beispiel von Brettschichtholz wird aufgezeigt, woher die Anforderungen an die verschiedenen Wesentlichen Merkmale von Brettschichtholz kommen und wie diese im Planungsprozess sowie bei der Beschaffung von Bauprodukten berücksichtigt werden müssen.
Der Artikel zeigt auf, welche Anforderungen an das Brandverhalten von Baustoffen allgemein (ohne Bodenbeläge) im Bauordnungsrecht wo und wie gestellt werden. Er geht auf die möglichen Angaben des Brandverhaltens von Baustoffen als Klassen nach DIN 4102-1 und DIN EN 13501-1 ein und zeigt auf, wie diese den bauaufsichtlichen Anforderungen zugeordnet sind. Dabei wird insbesondere auf die - für Ausbau-Unternehmen besonders relevante - geänderte Zuordnung von Klassen nach DIN EN 13501-1 zur bauaufsichtlichen Anforderung "schwerentflammbar" eingegangen.
Der Beitrag erläutert den Hintergrund, die Inhalte und die Bedeutung der sogenannten "Prioritätenliste" des DIBt und der Bundesländer zur Überarbeitung harmonisierter Normen nach BauPVO. Dabei wird der Schwerpunkt gelegt auf die Folgen für Personen, die am Planungsprozess von Bauwerken beteiligt sind oder die bei der Errichtung von Bauwerken Bauprodukte mit CE-Kennzeichnung nach BauPVO verwenden.
This article introduces the Database for Estimation of Road Network Performance (DERNP) to enable wide-scale estimation of relevant Road Network Performance (RNP) factors for major German cities. The methodology behind DERNP is based on a randomized route sampling procedure that utilizes the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) in combination with the tile-based HERE Maps Traffic API v7 and a digital elevation model provided by the European Union’s Earth Observation Programme Copernicus to generate a large set of independent and realistic routes throughout OpenStreetMap road networks. By evaluating these routes using the PHEMLight5 framework, a comprehensive list of RNP parameters is estimated and translated into polynomial regression models for general usage. The applicability of these estimations is demonstrated based on a case study of four major German cities. This case study considers network characteristics in terms of detours, infrastructure, traffic congestion, fuel consumption, and CO2 emissions. Our results show that DERNP and its underlying randomized route sampling methodology overcomes major limitations of previous wide-scale RNP approaches, enabling efficient, easy-to-use, and region-specific RNP comparisons.
Research Questions
• What attitudes do professionals hold towards the impact of AI on society and their jobs? How do early adopters of ChatGPT differ in their attitudes towards the impact of AI on society and their jobs?
• In what ways are professionals using ChatGPT? How do these uses differ by managerial status? • What do professional perceive as benefits of generative AI? How do they differ in these views based on level of ChatGPT adoption and managerial status?
• What do professionals perceive as the benefits of organizational policy for the use of generative AI? How do these views differ based on level of ChatGPT adoption and managerial status?
Samples
• Study 1 involved 148 working adults in the United States who had heard of ChatGPT
• Study 2 involved 395 working adults in the United States who had heard of ChatGPT
Research Questions
• What attitudes do professionals hold towards the impact of AI on society and their jobs? How do early adopters of ChatGPT differ from non-adopters in their attitudes towards the impact of AI on society and their jobs?
• In what ways are professionals using ChatGPT? How do these uses differ by managerial status?
• What do professionals perceive as benefits of generative AI? How do they differ in these views based on level of ChatGPT adoption and managerial status?
• What do professionals perceive as the benefits of organizational policy for the use of generative AI? How do these views differ based on level of ChatGPT adoption and managerial status?
Key Findings and Conclusions
• Many US workers in this sample are using ChatGPT for professional purposes. Roughly the following percentages have already used ChatGPT in the following ways: o 42% for researching a topic or generating ideas o 32% for drafting messages o 26% for drafting longer documents, such as reports o 22% for editing text
• Many US workers in this sample believe ChatGPT can help them become better communicators. This is particularly the case for executives and managers. Roughly two thirds of executives (67%) and managers (64%) believe generative AI can help them communicate more effectively.
• Early adopters of ChatGPT in this sample hold much different views of generative AI than do non-users of ChatGPT. Early adopters hold the following distinctive views:
o They are much more likely to think AI is good for society than non-users (64% to 22%) and believe it will make them more productive (82% for early adopters; 26% for non-users); however, they are also more likely to worry about the ethical implications of AI (68% to 55%) in the workplace and worry that their own job will be replaced by AI (41% to 20%).
o They are much more likely to think generative AI will support them in their work. About 85% of early adopters say that ChatGPT can help them generate ideas for work compared to about 50% of non-users. About 73% of early adopters say it can improve the quality of their work compared to 42% of non-users. About 74% of early adopters say it can help them communicate more effectively compared to 41% of non-users. Executives and managers are slightly more likely to be enthusiastic about the benefits.
• Employees in organizations with generative AI policies view these policies positively. Those who are aware of an organizational policy about generative AI generally believe it has supported more comfort in using ChatGPT for work, has improved trust, has improved efficiency, and has provided legal protections. Those who are early adopters are generally more positive about each of these benefits of organizational policy than those who are non-users of ChatGPT.
• Most early adopters of generative AI in organizations without generative AI policies want more guidance about ChatGPT use. Most early adopters believe an organizational policy would make them more comfortable using ChatGPT (61%), that it would increase trust (56%), and that it would improve efficiency (66%).
Key Recommendations
• Develop generative AI policies that support innovation and efficiency while putting into place legal safeguards for organizations and their employees.
• Use a social contracts approach to develop generative AI policies.
Innerhalb des Teilvorhabens 1 (TV 1) des Verbundprojektes wurde ein Beitrag zu den baulichen und konstruktiven Grundlagen einer effektiven Rettung von Großvieh bei Brandereignissen erstellt und Möglichkeiten einer effektiven Brandfrüherkennung sowie Vorschläge für bauliche Maßnahmen erarbeitet. In enger Zusammenarbeit mit den Verbundpartnern der Hochschule Weihenstephan-Triesdorf sowie der Arbeitsgruppe Präventionsingenieure e.V. wurden, soweit feststellbar, in einem ersten Schritt Daten zu Branderhebungen, aufgetretenen (Tier-)Schäden und Brandursachen erhoben. Unter Beachtung vorhandenen Betriebsstrukturen und der nutztierartabhängigen, tierphysiologischen Aspekte wurden Vorschläge für konstruktive und bauliche Durchbildungen von baulichen Anlagen zur Verbesserung einer effektiven Rettung und Nachbetreuung von Großvieh, insbesondere in der Entstehungsphase von Brandereignissen, erarbeitet. Die nach eingehender Analyse bestehender Objektstrukturen erarbeiteten Vorschläge zur Verbesserung der Rettung von Nutztieren wurden konstruktiv in Praxisversuchen validiert. Insbesondere aus dem durchgeführte Pilotversuch der Evakuierung einer Rinderherde konnten Rückschlüsse für weitere baulich-konstruktive Anpassungsmaßnahmen für mögliche Evakuierungsstrategien gezogen werden.
Die Studie beschäftigt sich mit der Fragestellung, ob und inwieweit sich die im Trockenbau (Schwerpunkt Wandsysteme) dominanten Gipsbauplatten durch alternative Systeme substituieren lassen und welche Folgen daraus für das Baugeschehen und die Umwelt resultieren. Als alternative Bekleidungsplatten werden Holzwerkstoffprodukte sowie lehmbasierte Baustoffe betrachtet. Es werden ausschließlich die aktuell verfügbaren und marktgängigen Produkte heran gezogen.
Bei rein technisch-konstruktiver Betrachtung sind Trockenbauwände mit den betrachteten alternativen Plattenwerkstoffen geeignet, ein im Ausbau übliches, mittleres Anforderungsprofil zu erfüllen, wobei baurechtliche sowie baubetriebliche Hemmnisse einem breiten Einsatz entgegen stehen. Diese „technische-konstruktive Eignung“ ist allerdings rein theoretischer Natur. In der Studie wurde gezeigt, dass eine mittelbare Substitution der heute bauüblichen Gipsbauplattensysteme, auch eine Teilsubstitution in relevanter Größenordnung, aufgrund der fehlenden Verfügbarkeit der Rohstoffe und Produktionskapazitäten für die Herstellung der alternativen Plattenwerkstoffe, weder sinnvoll noch realistisch möglich ist.
This article investigates multimodal elements—images, links, gifs, videos, and galleries—of crowdfunding campaigns on the platform Kickstarter to develop an understanding of characteristics of successful campaigns. The authors scraped 327,586 campaign pages, analyzing the multimodal elements of successful and unsuccessful campaigns. They found that successful campaigns featured more images, links, and gifs and more frequently included a project video than did unsuccessful campaigns. Images, links, and the presence of a project video had a positive impact on success while gifs and project galleries did not. These findings give business communicators practical guidance, develop theoretical aspects of Kickstarter research, and validate previous findings with a larger data set.
Psychological safety, the feeling of being comfortable to express one’s ideas or opinions in teams, is a key determinant of successful global virtual teams. Even though there exists considerable knowledge about its antecedents, it is unknown how team-based (e.g., clarification of deliverables and deadlines) and technology-based (e.g., digital reminder nudges/ DRN) interventions foster psychological safety given cultural variations of team members. Based on a survey involving 148 participants, our data shows that both team-based interventions (TBI) and digital nudges foster psychological safety in global virtual teams. TBI are even more effective for high-context, indirect communicators than for low-context, direct communicators. However, digital nudges were equally effective across cultures for building psychological safety. These findings contribute to the literature on psychological safety as we show that not all antecedents hold equally across cultures and to the literature of digital nudges as we show the effectiveness of technology-based interventions in a team context.
SMEs are increasingly forced to shift to more sustainable manufacturing. Industry 4.0 can support the transformation and foster innovation. But, SMEs need solutions with a low barrier to entry in terms of investment, IT knowledge and capacities. A framework based on value and material flow analysis, low investments and user-oriented IT skills is proposed. As an example, it is implemented in the furniture industry and shows a digital twin in terms of monitoring the energy and material flows. In addition, a product-specific allocation of energy consumption, energy peak shaving and other applications are possible.
Non-Rest to non-Rest Reference Slews for Agile Imaging Satellites With LQ-minimized Angular Momentum
(2023)
This paper shows a full parametrization non-rest to non-rest slew maneuvers using polynomials. A new modelling formulation is developed which on one hand satisfies exactly the given boundary conditions as well as the kinematic differential equation of the rotating body exactly. The idea is to determine one part of the unknown coefficients by the kinematical boundary conditions and to use the other part as free design parameters to shape the dynamic in between the boundary conditions. In addition, a least squares problem is formulated in order to minimize the angular momentum of the slew. This approach allows optimal slew maneuvers as well as low computational need such that an onboard usage is possible.
Background:
3D gait analysis (3DGA) is a common assessment in Cerebral Palsy (CP) to quantify the extent of movement abnormalities. Yet, 3DGA is performed in laboratories and may thus be of debatable significance to everyday life.
Aim
The aim was to assess the relationship between kinematic gait abnormality and everyday mobility in ambulatory children and youth with spastic CP.
Methods:
73 paediatric and juvenile patients with uni- or bilateral spastic CP (N = 21 USCP, N = 52, BSCP, age: 4–20 y, GMFCS I-III) underwent a 3DGA, while the MobQues47 Questionnaire quantified caregiver-reported mobility. We calculated the Gait Profile Score (GPS), a metric that summarizes how far the lower limb joint angles during walking deviate from those of matched controls.
Results:
The GPS correlated well with indoor and outdoor mobility (rho = −0.69 and −0.70, both p < 0.001) and the relationships were not significantly different for USCP and BSCP. Still, mobility was lower in BSCP (p < 0.001) and more compromised outdoors (p = 0.002). Indoor mobility could be predicted by walking speed, GPS and age (adj. R2 = 0.62). Outdoor mobility was best predicted by walking speed and GPS (adj. R2 = 0.60). The additive explained variance by the GPS was even higher outdoors than indoors (17.1% vs. 11.4%).
Conclusions:
Measuring movement deviations with 3DGA seems equally meaningful in uni- and bilaterally affected children and has considerable relevance for real-life ambulation, particurlarly outdoors, where children with spastic CP typically face greater difficulties. Therapeutic strategies that achieve faster walking and reduction of kinematic deviations may increase outdoor mobility.
Background
Vertigo, dizziness or balance disorders (VDB) are common leading symptoms in older people, which can have a negative impact on their mobility and participation in daily live, yet, diagnosis is challenging and specific treatment is often insufficient. An evidence-based, multidisciplinary care pathway (CPW) in primary care was developed and pilot tested in a previous study. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the CPW in terms of improving mobility and participation in community-dwelling older people with VDB in primary care.
Methods
For this multicentre cluster randomised controlled clinic trial, general practitioners (GP) will be recruited in two regions of Germany. A total of 120 patients over 60 years old with VDB will be included. The intervention is an algorithmized CPW. GPs receive a checklist for standardise clinical decision making regarding diagnostic screening and treatment of VDB. Physiotherapists (PT) receive a decision tree for evidence-based physiotherapeutic clinical reasoning and treatment of VDB. Implementation strategies comprises educational trainings as well as a workshop to give a platform for exchange for the GPs and PTs, an information meeting and a pocket card for home care nurses and informal caregivers and telephone peer counselling to give all participants the capability, opportunity and the motivation to apply the intervention. In order to ensure an optimised usual care in the control group, GPs get an information meeting addressing the national guideline. The primary outcome is the impact of VDB on participation and mobility of patients after 6 month follow-up, assessed using the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) questionnaire. Secondary outcomes are physical activity, static and dynamic balance, falls and fear of falling as well as quality of life. We will also evaluate safety and health economic aspects of the intervention. Behavioural changes of the participants as well as barriers, facilitating factors and mechanisms of impact of the implementation will be investigated with a comprehensive process evaluation in a mixed-methods design.
Discussion
With our results, we aim to improve evidence-based health care of community-dwelling older people with VDB in primary care.