Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Conference Proceeding (563)
- Contribution to a Periodical (408)
- Article (peer reviewed) (378)
- Part of a Book (175)
- Other (109)
- Book (84)
- Report (50)
- Doctoral Thesis (24)
- Journal (Komplette Ausgabe eines Zeitschriftenheftes, eines Zeitschriftenjahrgangs oder einer Reihe) (6)
- Working Paper (6)
Language
- German (1022)
- English (781)
- Multiple languages (3)
Has Fulltext
- no (1806) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (1806)
Keywords
- Schallmesstechnik (85)
- Holzbau (69)
- FVK (59)
- Trockenbau (40)
- Kita-Management (29)
- ICF (20)
- Speech Recognition (18)
- Bioökonomie (16)
- Brandschutz (16)
- Rehabilitation (16)
Institute
- Fakultät für Angewandte Gesundheits- und Sozialwissenschaften (411)
- Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften (226)
- Fakultät für Angewandte Natur- und Geisteswissenschaften (224)
- Fakultät für Holztechnik und Bau (213)
- Fakultät für Informatik (146)
- Fakultät für Betriebswirtschaft (100)
- Zentrum für Forschung, Entwicklung und Transfer (75)
- Fakultät für Chemische Technologie und Wirtschaft (42)
- Fakultät für Sozialwissenschaften (36)
- Forschung und Entwicklung (24)
Environmental pollution by plastics is a global issue of increasing concern. However, microplastic analysis in complex environmental matrices, such as soil samples, remains an analytical challenge. Destructive mass-based methods for microplastic analysis do not determine plastics’ shape and size, which are essential parameters for reliable ecological risk assessment. By contrast, nondestructive particle-based methods produce such data but require elaborate, time-consuming sample preparation. Thus, time-efficient and reliable methods for microplastic analysis are needed. The present study explored the potential of frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FD-FLIM) for rapidly and reliably identifying as well as differentiating plastics and natural materials from terrestrial environments. We investigated the fluorescence spectra of ten natural materials from terrestrial environments, tire wear particles, and eleven different transparent plastic granulates <5 mm to determine the optimal excitation wavelength for identification and differentiation via FD-FLIM under laboratory conditions. Our comparison of different excitation wavelengths showed that 445 nm excitation exhibited the highest fluorescence intensities. 445 nm excitation was also superior for identifying plastic types and distinguishing them from natural materials from terrestrial environments with a high probability using FD-FLIM. We could demonstrate that FD-FLIM analysis has the potential to contribute to a streamlined and time-efficient direct analysis of microplastic contamination. However, further investigations on size-, shape-, color-, and material-type detection limitations are necessary to evaluate if the direct identification of terrestrial environmental samples of relatively low complexity, such as a surface inspection soil, is possible.
Microplastic pollution of the environment has been extensively studied, with recent studies focusing on the prevalence of microplastics in the environment and their effects on various organisms. Identification methods that simplify the extraction and analysis process to the point where the extraction can be omitted are being investigated, thus enabling the direct identification of microplastic particles. Currently, microplastic samples from environmental matrices can only be identified using time-consuming extraction, sample processing, and analytical methods. Various spectroscopic methods are currently employed, such as micro Fourier-transform infrared, attenuated total reflectance, and micro Raman spectroscopy. However, microplastics in environmental matrices cannot be directly identified using these spectroscopic methods. Investigations using frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FD-FLIM) to identify and differentiate plastics from environmental materials have yielded promising results for directly identifying microplastics in an environmental matrix. Herein, two artificially prepared environmental matrices that included natural soil, grass, wood, and high-density polyethylene were investigated using FD-FLIM. Our first results showed that we successfully identified one plastic type in the two artificially prepared matrices using FD-FLIM. However, further research must be conducted to improve the FD-FLIM method and explore its limitations for directly identifying microplastics in environmental samples.
Previous research on identifying plastic types and differentiating plastics from environmental material is promising by utilizing the specific fluorescence lifetime, but the evaluation still has to be automated. Therefore, an automated Gaussian analysis is developed for evaluating frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime images of plastics and environmental materials. Furthermore, we applied a “Multilayer Perceptron” and “Random Forest Classifier” to the data resulting from the Gaussian analysis of the frequency domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy data. The classification results show high F1-scores, whereby the best “Multilayer Perceptron” and “Random Forest Classifier” achieved an F1-score of 90%. Thus, identifying and differentiating plastics and environmental materials is possible by applying a “Multilayer Perceptron” or “Random Forest Classifier” to the Gaussian-analyzed imaged fluorescence lifetime data.
Environmental pollution by plastics is an increasing problem. However, state-of-the-art methods have significant disadvantages in detecting and identifying plastics directly in an environmental matrix. In this study, we propose a blob detection algorithm in combination with a neural network for fast and automated identification of plastics and non-plastics in a single fluorescence lifetime image. Therefore an artificial environmental matrix is prepared that contains soil, grass, spruce and HDPE (high density polyethylene) particles. Several FD-FLIM (frequency domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy) images are taken, and the detection algorithm and the neural network are applied. We successfully demonstrated the suitability of the thresholding algorithm and the binary classification of the HDPE particles directly in the environmental matrix.
Existing plastic analysis techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy are problematic because samples must be anhydrous and identification can be hindered by additives. This article describes a new approach that has been successfully demonstrated in which plastics can be classified by neural networks that are trained, validated, and tested by frequency domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy measurements.
The FD-FLIM technique has a high potential for automated post-consumer wood sorting. A problem of analysing post-consumer wood fluorescence properties is the uncertainty of the post-consumer wood category as the origin of the samples are unknown. In this study, the fluorescence properties of actual post-consumer wood is compared with prepared wood samples. The post-consumer wood samples display slightly different fluorescence intensities and lifetimes due to environmental influences and a higher sample diversity. For improved training of evaluation algorithms for post-consumer wood sorting, the prepared sample set should be extended or the post-consumer wood should be additionally analysed in the laboratory.
Development of a Neural Network for Automatic Classification of Post-Consumer Wood Using Rapid-FLIM
(2023)
The economic use of wood is a growing sector, not only because of the significant advantage of wood to retain CO 2 . It is crucial to increase the material recycling of wood in several lifecycles, but currently, there is no reliable post-consumer wood sorting technique in line. This research measures 365 post-consumer wood samples of classes A1-4 four times with the frequency domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FD-FLIM) subset method rapid fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (Rapid-FLIM). The data is analyzed on their statistical features. Four neural networks based on Multilayer perceptron are then trained and tested with twelve statistical features extracted from the Rapid-FLIM images. The best model for this application contains the optimizer RMSprop, the activation function SELU and the loss function binary crossentropy. The best model of this structure could achieve a false positive ratio of 4.79 % over the ten folds.
The fast classification and identification of plastics presents a significant challenge. The study assesses the suitability of a Multilayer Perceptron to classify and identify commonly found plastic types using Rapid-FLIM, achieving an accuracy of 88.33%. @inproceedingsSchwarz:23, Increasing demand for wood products requires methods to determine its harvest origin and ensure sustainable and legal sourcing. In 15 out of 21 cases, the origin of Quercus robur was differentiable in FD-FLIM studies.
Investigation of tool wear of the trimming unit and resulting quality in the edgebanding process
(2023)
The edgebanding process, i.e. the covering of the raw edge of the laminated particleboard by means of decorative plastic or real wood veneer bands, is an important process step in the manufacture of furniture components. The quality of the final product is significantly influenced by this production step. The manufacturing process step within the edgebanding machine begins with the milling of the raw edge. The quality of the edgebanding process is determined by a large number of process input variables, such as the tool used and the cutting geometry, the type of laminate used for the wood-based material, adhesives, etc. The quality of the edgebanding process is also determined by the type of material processed. Particularly with regard to the materials, the increased use of recycled wood in the particleboard sector and different types of adhesives (with reduced formaldehyde emissions) results in increased demands on the milling process. Due to this developments, most of the earlier investigations (in the years 1990 - 2000) are not comparable with today’s general conditions. The mechanical and optical properties of the edge applied to the end product are decisively influenced by the quality of this joint. The milling technology used, as well as the tool used for this purpose and its condition, is a decisive influencing factor in the formation of quality. Tests on the indication of various influencing variables in the edgebanding process at the Rosenheim Technical University of Applied Sciences showed that in the case of chipboard milling, a decrease in the electrical power required for the cutting process can take place with increasing tool wear. It was also demonstrated that previous process steps in furniture production, such as panel dividing by means of sawing or milling/nesting, generally have a significantly different influence on the subsequent joining process during edge banding process. Furthermore, a direct correlation was determined between the mechanical properties of the end product and the condition of the tool used, which can be used as a measurable indicator. In addition to the effect of the tool condition on the mechanical properties of the edge banding, this also has an impact on the optical quality characteristics. Accordingly, it could be demonstrated here that an increase in the size and number of chippings takes place in the laminate of the board material to be processed.
The machining of furniture components requires a complete geometrical specification of dimensions with associated tolerances to define in the first step appropriate manufacturing processes and to carry out the design and setup. Furthermore, a verification of the defined specification after production is a next step to check the quality and related to the production equipment, to calculate process capability and effectiveness.
In 2011, the system of Geometrical Product Specification (GPS) has been published completely. The system is built for a distinct range of geometrical quality characteristics and consists of chains of standards referring to each other. With three elements of these chains, the product can be specified. With three additional elements, the verification of the product and the measuring system is possible. It does not contain the verification of the production processes, the process qualification.
The German standard DIN 68100 provides a frame for dimensioning and tolerancing lengths and also angles, parallelism and straightness for furniture components. It includes a method to consider swelling and shrinking of wood and wood-based materials. Apart from its benefit of specifying products in a supply chain, it is rarely used in the branch nowadays. DIN 68100 is currently far away from GPS.
To gain all benefits arising from GPS the branch needs a consolidated action. New symbols for drafts and an updated method for tolerancing with moisture consideration have to be developed as well as measuring dimensions of flexible work pieces, like most parts in the furniture industry. In GPS, the link between product verification and process specification is not that consistent. In other branches SPC and methods of process qualifications are established. At the moment the kitchen industry is establishing SPC or similar procedures. An action towards GPS can also accompany these efforts.
Due to a shift in the tolerance principles, the GPS system is hardly directly applicable to the furniture industry, e.g. DIN 68100. But there is a real threat that the system is called up accidentally and out of ignorance.
This paper sketches a comprehensive system of product specification, verification for furniture components and process qualification. It will share experience gained in the kitchen furniture industry and will add a theoretical analysis of a possible application of GPS-chains for important examples of quality characteristics. The activities are part of a process (VDI 3415-2) carried out in the working group 102 of the Society of German Engineers (VDI).
Due to the increasing customer demands, companies face the challenge of adapting their manufacturing facilities to produce batch size one parts. In this context, each component comes with specific customer requirements, significantly increasing the complexity of its manufacturing process. Traditional process planning done by employees is no longer feasible in the face of the growing complexity and diversity of batch size one parts. Therefore, there is a need for novel computer-aided process planning methods capable of autonomously learning and identifying the necessary machining features of these parts. We propose a configurable automated feature recognition framework tailored to batch size one parts to address this need. This framework comprises two main components. First, a customizable data generator is developed to create a dataset of computer-aided design models incorporating user-specific machining features. Second, a graph neural network is employed to learn these user-specific machining features by leveraging the graph structure represented by the vertices and edges in each computer-aided design model. We evaluate the effectiveness of our framework using a real-world example from the furniture industry. Specifically, we construct a dataset comprising over 7000 computer-aided design models of wooden boards using our framework's data generator. Each wooden board contains up to 30 randomly placed machining features for the application of connectors and fittings, randomly selected from 14 standard machining features commonly used in the furniture industry. An optimization algorithm adapts a graph neural network for classifying these specific machining features. The results demonstrate that our framework addresses the automated feature recognition problem without requiring data conversions, such as pixels or voxels, as other approaches often do. By introducing this configurable automated feature recognition framework, we solve the challenges posed by batch size one manufacturing. The framework's effectiveness and accuracy are demonstrated through extensive testing on the example of the furniture industry, showcasing its potential for enhancing manufacturing processes in various domains
In the whole field of woodworking, from carpentry to industry, new products are created and designed every day and manufacturers wonder if similar workpieces have already been produced in the company and if corresponding drawings, information, tools, jigs, etc. can be reused. Under certain circumstances, considerable duplication of work can be avoided and a more efficient production is possible. In order to find similar workpieces, it must be clarified what exactly is meant by similarity. The different fields of knowledge do not provide a clear definition. However, similarities are always used to compare objects. In woodworking, objects can be a wide variety of components and products, such as carcase sides, furniture fronts, fittings, tools or profile strips. The search for similar profiled elements – related to the potential, data structure and algorithms – is the focus of this paper. There is a wide range of different profiled elements, which are used constructively as well as decoratively, e.g. for baseboards, door frames, window frames or decorative moulding profiles. These profiles are manufactured in a multi-stage production process in which the workpieces are first machined with profiled tools before surface finishing takes place. Along this production chain, tools, machine settings and, in some cases, fixtures are used that are adapted to the respective profile and can be reused for the same or similar jobs. Inheritance of information offers the greatest potential of similarity search. Inheritance means that existing knowledge in the form of drawings, CNC programs, process parameters and setup specifications, etc., is transferred from existing profiles to a new profile. By inheriting existing information, for example, the effort required for process setting can be reduced by adopting spindle positions, positions of guides and stops, or feed and cutting speeds. However, this can only be done if the process knowledge and other technological information concerning a profile are sufficiently documented. This is the only way how all information is made available for the similarity search and inheritance, and also for setting the processes when the profile is manufactured once again. The profile data must therefore be stored in a meaningful structure without loss of information. Therefore, a holistic product data model was developed that combines the geometrical with the technological profile data. The developed model allows a combined search for geometrically and e.g. materially similar products – also with a weighted evaluation of the individual criteria. The research has shown that data modelling is the essential foundation for the implementation of modern AI algorithms to enable similarity search. In conclusion, the use of a search system for geometrically and technologically similar profiles represents a real innovation for wood processing companies. This paper presents a holistic approach for geometrical and technological similarity search presenting different algorithms
This research examines the potential outputs, outcomes, and impacts of the German Act on Corporate Due Diligence Obligations in Supply Chains (LkSG) on the smallholder cocoa farmers in West Africa. The study primarily relies on a literature review and an impact pathway to conduct a systematic analysis to identify the potential effects of the LkSG on smallholder cocoa farmers. The findings indicate that some, but not all of the risks addressed by the LkSG align with those faced by smallholder cocoa farmers and their families. Additionally, the research also reveals weaknesses, particularly in managing environmental risks, which the LkSG does not adequately cover. Our findings show that in the short- and medium-term, the LkSG has no potential effects on smallholder cocoa farmers. Furthermore, the potential positive impacts of the law on smallholder cocoa farmers will take a long time to realize, as the LkSG considers primarily tier-1 suppliers. Companies in Germany might reassess their supply chains to strive for an LkSG-risk-free supply chain, which could in the long term have sustained impacts on smallholder cocoa farmers. However, we recommend a comprehensive risk analysis of the cocoa supply chain to enhance the human rights of cocoa farmers.
Dieses Buch bietet Studierenden über 80 Übungsaufgaben und fünf Fallstudien inklusive ausführlicher Lösungen zu ausgewählten Themen der Produktionswirtschaft und Industrie 4.0. Jedes Kapitel enthält eine kurze Einleitung sowie zu erreichende Lernziele. Querverweise auf das Lehrbuch „Produktionswirtschaft“ von Kellner/Lienland/Lukesch erleichtern das Selbststudium und ermöglichen eine optimale Prüfungsvorbereitung. Die 3. Auflage wurde redigiert und um neue Rechenaufgaben sowie eine weitere Fallstudie zum Themenbereich Industrie 4.0 ergänzt.
Teachers should be able to balance content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge and technological knowledge (TPACK) in their various activities on curriculum, instruction, and assessment. Our Germany-wide study focused on measuring intrapreneurship competence. To ensure a valid and reliable assessment, we followed the three-step assessment triangle: cognition, observation and interpretation. We modeled the intended IP competence as an interdisciplinary and interprofessional team, designed a technology-based performance assessment tool that uses authentic work tasks, and analyzed apprentices’ behavior via a model-based IRT (Rasch model) approach. Our results identify the distribution of the IP competence of apprentices on four proficiency levels. Since these results are generalizable, single IP tasks can be used by teachers to support and guide apprentices individually with regard to these proficiency levels. Our approach is a blueprint for evidence-based teaching that tackles all areas of TPACK.
Im Bereich des nachhaltigen Konsums besteht eine Kluft zwischen der Bereitschaft nachhaltig zu handeln und dem tatsächlichen Handeln. Eine Möglichkeit diese Lücke zu schließen, wird in der Emotionalisierung von Konsumenten gesehen. Ein Medium der zielgruppenspezifischen Nachhaltigkeitskommunikation sind Sensibilisierungsvideos. Auszubildende als junge Konsumenten, die Konsumentscheidungen langfristig beeinflussen können, verwenden Videos zum Lernen. Ziel dieser Studie ist es daher, die Wirkung der Sensibilisierungsvideos bezogen auf die Emotionalisierung der Intention, nachhaltig zu konsumieren, und das realisierte Konsumverhalten zu untersuchen. Um Emotionen hervorzurufen, wurden 45 Auszubildenden fünf Sensibilisierungsvideos mit dem thematischen Schwerpunkt des nachhaltigen Konsums gezeigt. Mit Hilfe eines Ein-Gruppen-Vergleichs mit Vor- und Nachtest wurde über vier Erhebungszeitpunkte hinweg überprüft, ob sich die Emotionen, die Intention und das realisierte Konsumverhalten im Zeitverlauf verändern. Die Daten wurden sowohl qualitativ als auch quantitativ ausgewertet und analysiert. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass die Sensibilisierungsvideos bei den Auszubildenden sowohl positive als auch negative Emotionen hervorrufen. Im Zeitverlauf nehmen die positiven Emotionen im Vergleich leicht zu. Das Ausmaß, in dem die Auszubildenden an nachhaltige Aspekte beim Einkauf denken, verzeichnet ähnlich wie die Intention einen Zuwachs. Diese Steigerung findet sich jedoch nicht für die berichteten nachhaltigen Kaufmaßnahmen. So ist davon auszugehen, dass die Videos zwar zu einem stärkeren nachhaltigen Denken und einer stärkeren Intention angeregt, die Lücke zwischen dem Denken und Handeln aber nicht vollständig geschlossen haben.
Die Technische Hochschule Rosenheim ist überregional bekannt für Ihre Expertise im Fachbereich Holz und Bau. Nach dem Vorbild des kooperativen Modells der Hochschule Landshut in Kooperation mit der TU München implementierte die TH Rosenheim im Jahr 2020 den Studiengang Ingenieurpädagogik für den Fachbereich Bautechnik mit der Option Holztechnik als Unterrichtsfach. Der Beitrag skizziert Motive, Strukturelemente sowie erste Entwicklungen. Dabei lassen erste deskriptive Ergebnisse die Hoffnung zu, dass sich über das Modell neue Zielgruppen für eine Karriere im Lehramt an beruflichen Schulen generieren lassen. Besonders auffällig für das Rosenheimer Modell ist die Bedeutsamkeit der Polyvalenz sowie das Interesse an einer praxisnahen Ausbildung rund um den Werk- und Baustoff Holz.
Stirring is used for mass and heat transfer, particle suspending or similar processes. It is commonly conducted in a steady operation mode. This paper targets on performing the stirring process dynamically by reversing the rotation direction to introduce additional turbulences and hence accelerating the dispersing processes. The power introduced into the fluid as well as mixing kinetics performing dynamic mixing were studied based on the rotational acceleration, blade pitch angle, liquid volume and duration of the rotational speed direction interval for a vessel equipped with a turbine agitator with and without baffles. Experiments show that baffles are not necessary if reverse mixing is performed at a specific frequency.
Eine Lernortkooperation (LOK) kann die Lehr-Lern-Prozesse in der Pflegebildung verbessern (vgl. Briese 2018: 7). Allerdings besteht eine LOK nicht nur aus dem theoretischen und den praktischen Lernorten, sondern auch aus übergreifenden Lernorten, wie beispielsweise der sogenannte dritte Lernort. Um die LOK zu stärken und ein gemeinsames Bildungsver-ständnis zu erlangen, möchten wir die Methode der Fallbesprechung nutzen. Anhand dieser Methode stellen wir pflegedidaktische Überlegungen an, wie eine zielgruppengerechte Umsetzung auf allen Ebenen der LOK - Information, Abstimmung und Kooperation (vgl. Dehnbostel 2022: 97) - gelingen könnte.
Dieser Beitrag konzentriert sich auf Methoden der Praxisanleitung. Da im deutschsprachigen Raum eine Tendenz zur Methodeneinseitigkeit bzw. zur schwerpunktmäßigen Anwendung der Instruktion anzutreffen ist, wird zunächst pflegedidaktisch der Bedarf nach einem Methodenmix sowie der Bedarf nach Methoden zur Förderung selbständigen Problemlösens begründet. Dann wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche Methoden für die Praxisanleitung im deutschsprachigen Raum und international in der Literatur beschrieben werden. Diese werden jeweils in einem Mehrebenenmodell der Methodik systematisiert und verglichen. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden pflegedidaktische Forschungsdesiderate und weitere Empfehlungen formuliert, um die Praxisanleitung im deutschsprachigen Raum methodisch weiterzuentwickeln und dadurch Lernende bestmöglich für die professionelle Bewältigung der Anforderungen pflegerischer Praxis vorzubereiten.
Stable isotope data from hypogene (i.e., below the line of weathering) iron oxides and gangue minerals from BIF-hosted iron ore deposits in Australia, South Africa, and Brazil have significantly assisted in constraining different hydrothermal fluid sources and fluid flow models during the upgrade of BIF to iron ore. The δ18O values on iron oxides from BIF and different paragenetic stages of enrichment display a consistent decrease from unenriched BIF (4–9‰) to as low as −10‰ for high-grade iron ore. This large shift in oxygen isotope values is interpreted as evidence for enormous incursion of ‘ancient’ meteoric water into fault and fracture zones at the time of iron enrichment during the Archean and Paleoproterozoic time. The δ18Ofluid values of paragenetically early iron oxides of > 4‰ suggest the involvement of magmatic fluids in greenstone belt-hosted Carajás-type iron ore deposits, and basinal brines in basin-hosted Hamersley-type deposits. In contrast, the paragenetically late stage iron oxides in the metamorphosed, basin hosted iron ore deposits of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero display δ18Ofluid values > 6‰. This reflects the renewed deep crustal, hypogene (metamorphic or magmatic) fluid influx. Carbon and oxygen isotope data on carbonates in BIF and hydrothermally altered iron ore indicate that carbon in the latter is not derived from BIF units, but represents either magmatic carbon in the case of the Carajás-type deposits or carbon within the underlying basin stratigraphy as in the case of the Hamersley-type iron deposits. The systematic decrease of δ18O values in iron oxides from the early to late paragenetic stages and from the distal to proximal alteration zone, including the ore zone, may be used as a geochemical vector. In this case, oxygen isotope analyses on iron oxides provide a potential exploration tool, particularly for targeting the extension of iron ore bodies or entirely concealed high-grade iron ore deposits, in which hematite/magnetite are frequently the only mineral that can be readily analysed.
Large-scale, hypogene iron mineralization systems developed recurrently in the São Francisco craton in association with two orogenies. During the ca. 2.1–2.0 Ga Trans-Amazonian orogeny, low-temperature and low-to-moderate-salinity metamorphic fluids resulted in carbonatization-related iron enrichment of the early Paleoproterozoic Cauê Iron Formation (IF) of the Minas Supergroup (MSG) as well as short-distance iron mobilization. Monazite from the iron-oxide veins yielded a SHRIMP 232Th/208Pb date corresponding to fluid circulation coeval with the migmatization of the Archean tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite crust. During the Ediacaran to Cambrian Brasiliano orogeny, when the São Francisco craton was consolidated in its present configuration, hydrothermal fluids repeatedly mineralized the Cauê IF and the younger IFs of the lower Espinhaço Supergroup. Far-field hydrothermal alteration associated with distinct Fe mineralization episodes widely affected Meso- to Neoproterozoic sequences as well as Archean to Paleoproterozoic terranes of the cratonic core. Circulation of hydrothermal fluids during the Brasiliano orogeny caused desilicification, iron mobilization, and widespread alteration of the rocks. The alteration events are dated with monazite and xenotime intergrown with hematite, anatase, and recrystallized rims of detrital zircons from interlayered quartzites and of igneous zircons from pegmatites, granites, acidic volcanic rocks, and orthogneisses, yielding U-Pb dates between 542 and 493 Ma. U-Pb dates point to five Cambrian hydrothermal events from the waning stages to the aftermath of the Brasiliano orogeny. These hydrothermal fluid circulation events correspond to the emplacement ages of four granite suites and pegmatites that lasted from the final stages of the collision to the collapse of the Araçuaí-West Congo orogen. Episodic circulation of fluids continued for approximately 2 billion years after IF deposition on the eastern São Francisco craton with the formation of high-grade iron ore deposits and resetting of the IF trace-element inventory.
In der Diskussion um bezahlbares Bauen werden aktuell die Standards im Wohnungsbau hinterfragt, darunter auch die Schallschutzanforderungen. Die Wahrnehmung von Schallschutz ist subjektiv und wird von verschiedenen Faktoren wie Alter und individuellen Empfindlichkeiten beeinflusst. Nachbarschaftslärm kann zu Schlafstörungen und Belästigungen führen, während Verkehrslärm nachweislich Gesundheitsprobleme verursacht. Das Konzept „Einfach Bauen“ zielt darauf ab, das Bauen zu vereinfachen und nachhaltiger zu gestalten. Drei Forschungshäuser, die diesem Konzept folgen, wurden auf Schallschutz überprüft. Dabei erfüllten Wohnungstrennwände und -decken die Anforderungen. Die Untersuchung der Bewohnerzufriedenheit durch Befragungen in diesen Häusern zeigt, dass die Wahrnehmung von Lärm stark variiert. Die Zufriedenheit wird durch die Kommunikation mit den Nachbarn beeinflusst. Das Fallbeispiel verdeutlicht, dass Schallschutzanforderungen oft nicht den individuellen Lärmempfinden gerecht werden, da nicht-akustische Faktoren eine starke Rolle spielen. Die Erwartung eines reduzierten Schallschutzes bei „Einfach Bauen“ kann zu Fehlvorstellungen führen, wie der Auszug von Bewohnern aus Schallschutzgründen zeigt. Die derzeitigen Mindestanforderungen an den Schallschutz erweisen sich für sehr empfindsame Menschen als unzureichend. Es ist wichtig, dass die Bewohner über den zu erwartenden Schallschutz informiert werden, um ein harmonisches Zusammenleben zu ermöglichen.
This study investigates for the first time how public charging infrastructure usage differs under the presence of diverse pricing models. About 3 million charging events from different European countries were classified according to five different pricing models (cost-free, flat-rate, time-based, energy-based, and mixed) and evaluated using various performance indicators such as connection duration; transferred energy volumes; average power; achievable revenue; and the share of charging and idle time for AC, DC, and HPC charging infrastructure. The study results show that the performance indicators differed for the classified pricing models. In addition to the quantitative comparison of the performance indicators, a Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance and a pairwise comparison using the Mann–Whitney-U test were used to show that the data distributions of the defined pricing models were statistically significantly different. The results are discussed from various perspectives on the efficient design of public charging infrastructure. The results show that time-based pricing models can improve the availability of public charging infrastructure, as the connection duration per charging event can be roughly halved compared to other pricing models. Flat-rate pricing models and AC charging infrastructure can support the temporal shift of charging events, such as shifting demand peaks, as charging events usually have several hours of idle time per charging process. By quantifying various performance indicators for different charging technologies and pricing models, the study is relevant for stakeholders involved in the development and operation of public charging infrastructure.
In any dimension d≥2, there is no known example of a low-discrepancy sequence which possesses Poisssonian pair correlations. This is in some sense rather surprising, because low-discrepancy sequences always have β-Poissonian pair correlations for all 0<β<1/d and are therefore arbitrarily close to having Poissonian pair correlations (which corresponds to the case β=1/d). In this paper, we further elaborate on the closeness of the two notions. We show that d-dimensional Kronecker sequences for badly approximable vectors α→ with an arbitrary small uniformly distributed stochastic error term generically have β=1/d-Poissonian pair correlations.
Das Force Concept Inventory ist ein international etabliertes Diagnoseinstrument für das Konzeptverständnis der Newtonschen Mechanik. Wir haben über einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren von knapp 5000 Studierenden der Ingenieurwissenschaften an der TH Rosenheim zu Studienbeginn Testdaten erhoben. Die Auswertung mittels Item Response Curves erlaubt für jede Frage die Analyse sowohl der richtigen als auch aller falschen Antwortoptionen. Insbesondere lassen sich auf diese Weise Distraktoren identifizieren, die gängige Fehlvorstellungen widerspiegeln. Es zeigt sich, dass die am häufigsten gewählten Distraktoren auf der Annahme beruhen, jeder Bewegung müsse eine Kraft in Bewegungsrichtung zu Grunde liegen. Daten von Universitäten der USA zeigen ein vergleichbares Ergebnis. Die vorgestellte Analyse dient als Grundlage zur Verbesserung von Lehrsequenzen.
Organizational mining, a sub-discipline of process mining, introduced social networks based on business processes. However, process mining has only half-heartedly pursued this line of development. In particular, the well-founded results of interdisciplinary social network analysis have hardly been taken up.
This article shows how the explanation and design of the phenomenon "organization" can benefit from the further development of this network view of business processes. To this end, the basic idea of social process networks is presented and the current state of research is outlined. Furthermore, social networks are presented as a new component of organization design. An interesting, far-reaching new field of research is expected.
This paper presents three novel findings that could be the starting point for further research, but can also be used in practice today.
Kinder brauchen Bindung
(2024)
Eine stabile, sichere Bindung zwischen Kindern und ihren Bezugspersonen, seien es Mutter, Vater, Großeltern oder pädagogische Fachkräfte, ist grundlegend für ihre Entwicklung. Welche Faktoren für eine sichere Bindungsbeziehung ausschlaggebend sind und wie Bezugspersonen die Grundbedürfnisse nach Beziehung, Bindung und Kontrolle in den ersten Lebensjahren erfüllen können, zeigt das Buch: Wie gehe ich feinfühlig mit meinem Kind um, das noch nicht sprechen kann? Kann sich der Vater genauso gut um einen Säugling kümmern wie die Mutter? Schadet eine Betreuung in der Krippe? Der Band bietet Grundlagenwissen aus der internationalen Entwicklungsforschung sowie Beispiele und Reflexionsimpulse für die Umsetzung im Erziehungsalltag. Abgeschlossen wird er mit einer Übersicht zu bindungstheoretischen Präventionsprogrammen in Familienbildung und Frühen Hilfen.
The variation of the contact impedance of adhesive conductive EMI shielding tapes under high temperature storage (HTS) of 110degC is investigated. The adhesive tapes under test are implemented as signal return paths in microstrip lines. Changes in the ground plane impedance by adhesive deterioration are analyzed by S-parameter measurements from 1MHz to 3GHz. A circuit model for contact impedance degradation is proposed and applied in simulation of board level shielding. Contact resistance and contact capacitance are found to increase significantly after 2400h, causing a declined magnetic field shielding effectiveness by 30 dB below 500 MHz.
Previous work has indicated that testing can enhance memory for subsequently studied new information by reducing proactive interference from previously studied information. Here, we examined this forward testing effect in children’s spatial memory. Kindergartners (5–6 years) and younger (7–8 years) and older (9–10 years) elementary school children studied four successively presented 3 x 3 arrays, each composed of the same 9 objects. The children were asked to memorize the locations of the objects that differed across the four arrays. Following presentation of each of the first three arrays, memory for the object locations of the respective array was tested (testing condition) or the array was re-presented for additional study (restudy condition). Results
revealed that testing Arrays 1 to 3 enhanced children’s object location memory for Array 4 relative to restudying. Moreover, children in the testing condition were less likely to confuse Array 4 locations with previous locations, suggesting that testing reduces the buildup of proactive interference. Both effects were found regardless of age. Thus, the current findings indicate that testing is an effective means to resolve proactive interference and, in this way, to enhance children’s learning and remembering of spatial information even before the time of school entry.
This article examines interweaving collective histories in different formerly colonized regions of the world: 1. Migratory movements from the territory of the former Ottoman Empire to the Americas, specifically to Brazil, and 2. transregional migration between different regions within China. On the basis of empirical data, we discuss sociological biographical research as an approach to analyzing migration and social mobility as transgenerational processes. In the case of Syrians in Brazil who have fled from the civil war, these processes are reflected in transnational family structures, transgenerational mandates, and knowledge transmission. In the case of domestic migration within China, the “mission” that families give their children is social advancement through education (e.g., Crabb 2010; Fong 2004). In the context of anti-Western discourses in China, it can be demonstrated that postcolonial discourses are functional in the effort to regain former international strength and national prosperity, and that discourses on “becoming a modern citizen” pervade family aspirations. The article is intended as a plea for i) taking a closer look at historical and contemporary South-South relations, and ii) situating current migration movements historically. It ties into global historical and sociological debates on “shared/common histories” and “intertwined histories."
Der Gebäudesektor zählt zu den größten Energieverbrauchern und Treibhausgasemittenten. Zudem trägt der alternde Gebäudebestand der EU dazu bei, dass nahezu drei Viertel der Gebäude als energieineffizient eingestuft werden. Um das übergeordnete politische Ziel der Klimaneutralität bis zum Jahr 2050 in der EU bzw. bis 2045 in Deutschland zu erreichen, daher der heutige Gebäudebestand der EU in einen nahezu klimaneutralen Zustand überführt werden. Aus diesem Grund wurden für die Teilnahme der Technischen Hochschule Rosenheim an dem Wettbewerb Solar Decathlon Europe 21/22 Sanierungskonzepte für Mehrfamilienhäuser der 1950er bis 1970er Jahre entwickelt, die einen großen Anteil im deutschen Gebäudebestand einnehmen. Darüber hinaus nimmt das Angebot an bezahlbarem Wohnraum im urbanen Raum ab, weshalb neben den Sanierungskonzepten auch die Möglichkeiten der Aufstockung von Bestandsbauten analysiert und an einem Beispiel entwickelt wurden. Zusätzlich wurde für den Wettbewerb ein voll funktionsfähiges Gebäude als repräsentativer Ausschnitt der Aufstockung als Prototyp entworfen, gebaut und zum Finale des SDE betrieben.