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Die Projektauswahl stellt eine Herausforderung insbesondere für mittelständische Industrieunternehmen dar. Abhängigkeiten verschiedener Alternativen und vorgegebene Investitionsbudgets führen bei Anwendung von in der Praxis standardmäßig eingesetzten Verfahren regelmäßig zu suboptimalen Projektkombinationen. In enger Abstimmung mit einem Automobilzulieferer wurde ein Ansatz zur Projektauswahl unter Berücksichtigung von Ressourcen und laufenden Projekten entwickelt sowie technisch umgesetzt. Implementierte Praxistests belegen Verbesserungen bei der Projektauswahl, aber auch bei der Budgeteinhaltung, der Fixkostenreduzierung sowie der Angebotspreisbestimmung.
Logistic activity, in particular transportation, produces green house gases (GHG). For different purposes GHG need to be allocated to objects. This paper studies how to allocate the GHG volume of a transportation process (delivery tour) to the single shipments moved by the process. First, it identifies classes of generic allocation schemes and presents 15 allocation methods. Second, since the majority of these methods has not been designed for allocating GHG, we apply and compare them in the short distance transport context within a numerical example. The aim is to study how the schemes perform according to criteria. We suggest using causality, efficiency, empty core robustness, symmetry, individual rationality, coalition stability, ease of application, and set robustness as appraisal criteria and attempt to mainstream the discussion by recommending selected allocation methods.
The assessment of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of supply chain activities is performed to create transparency across the supply chain and to identify emission-cutting opportunities. Literature provides several generic and case study approaches to estimate GHG emissions. But research often focuses on products. This paper sheds light on how the greenhouse performance of a fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) distribution network depends on several (FMCG specific) variables to set up a “CO2 network footprint”. Within a quantitative computational study, the distribution network footprint of an existing FMCG manufacturer is analyzed. Three options being fundamentally able to reduce total GHG emissions are identified: number of distribution centers, performance of the engaged logistics service provider and shipment structure. First, transportation processes for the investigated FMCG manufacturer are analyzed to derive GHG emissions caused by different distribution shipments. Second, initial data are manipulated to simulate variable changes, that is, different logistics structures. Third, results are reported and analyzed to show up how different changes in logistics structures may reduce GHG, without technological propulsion or use of regenerative energy.
Distribution network design is about recommending long-term network structures in an environment where logistic variables like transportation costs or retailer order sizes dynamically change over time. The challenge for management is to recommend an optimal network configuration that will allow for longer term optimal results despite of environmental turbulences. This paper studies the robustness of cost-optimized FMCG (fast-moving consumer goods) distribution networks. It aims at observing the impact of changing variables/conditions on optimized logistic structures in terms of the optimal number and geographical locations of existing distribution centers. Five variables have been identified as relevant to the network structure. A case study approach is applied to study the robustness of an existing, typical, and optimized FMCG network. First, distribution network data of a German manufacturer of FMCG are recorded and analyzed. A quantitative model is set up to reflect the actual cost structure. Second, a cost optimal network configuration is determined as a benchmark for further analysis. Third, the variables investigated are altered to represent changes, both isolated (ceteris paribus) and in combination (scenario analysis). Each one of the variables investigated proves to be fundamentally able to suggest a change of the optimal network structure. However, the scenario analysis indicates that the expected changes will by and large compensate each other, leaving the network in near optimal condition over an extended period of time.
The recent developments in power semiconductor devices and increasing demands on reliability as well as on operation performance require innovative package technologies. Such a novel package technique based on a Planar Interconnect Technology (SiPLIT®) for power modules is introduced in this work. This package features thick Cu interconnects on a high-reliable insulating film for power semiconductor chip top contacts. Due to the conductor structure and contact technology, on-resistance and stray inductances are very low compared to state-of-the-art Al wire bonds. In addition, large area contacting improves the power cycling capability and surge current robustness significantly. These remark-able properties have been verified on several prototype modules where the manufacturing process has also been optimised in terms of cost-effectiveness, system integration and maturity for series production.
Der Gesamtenergiedurchlassgrad (g-Wert) verschiedener teiltransparenter,
gebäudeintegrierbarer Photovoltaik-Module wurde
mit und ohne Entnahme elektrischer Leistung kalorimetrisch gemessen.
Durch die Leistungsentnahme sinkt die Oberflächentemperatur
des Moduls um bis zu 4 K. Gleichzeitig reduziert sich der
g-Wert aufgrund der geringeren sekundären Wärmeabgabe. Die
Größe der Abnahme hängt von der entnommenen Leistung ab
und stimmt sehr gut mit einem einfachen, auf dem Energiesatz
basierenden Rechenmodell überein.
Selectively retrieving a subset of previously studied information can cause forgetting of related, nonretrieved information. Such retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) has typically been attributed to inhibitory control processes. Examining participants with a mean age of about 70 years, previous work reported intact RIF in older adults, suggesting efficient inhibition in older adults' episodic memory. We replicated the prior work by finding reliable RIF in young-old participants (60–75 years), but additionally found RIF to decline with increasing age and to be inefficient in old-old participants (above 75 years). The results support the proposal of an inhibitory deficit in (very) old age.
Evolutionary psychologists propose that human cognition evolved through natural selection to solve adaptive problems related to survival and reproduction, with its ultimate function being the enhancement of reproductive fitness. Following this proposal and the evolutionary-developmental view that ancestral selection pressures operated not only on reproductive adults, but also on pre-reproductive children, the present study examined whether young children show superior memory for information that is processed in terms of its survival value. In two experiments, we found such survival processing to enhance retention in 4- to 10-year-old children, relative to various control conditions that also required deep, meaningful processing but were not related to survival. These results suggest that, already in very young children, survival processing is a special and extraordinarily effective form of memory encoding. The results support the functional-evolutionary proposal that young children’s memory is “tuned” to process and retain fitness-related information.
Objective: Research has shown that comparatively few adults with Asperger Syndrome (AS) participate in the competitive work force. The purpose of this study was to gain in-depth knowledge about contextual factors, which contribute to successful labor market participation in some adults with AS. Participants: This study was conducted by indepth-interviewing six adults with AS working in the competitive job market in Switzerland. Methods: A developmental and hermeneutic narrative approach was used for data collection and analysis. Two in-depth narrative interviews were conducted with each participant. A narrative analysis according to the theories of Paul Ricoeur was performed. Results: Results showed that participants received pre-vocational requisites during their childhood through parents and friends that provided a feeling of security in social contexts. For participants, a supportive school setting resulted in academic achievements. The narratives reveal participants' capacities for understanding and adapting to social norms. Participants' understanding of their own needs was essential to the successful labor market participation. However, disclosure is rare and social stigma is still present. Conclusions: This study showed that successful labor participation of adults with AS can be enhanced through adequate social support already in the early stages of an individual's lifetime.