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Holzbasierte Bioökonomie
(2020)
Die holzbasierte Bioökonomie beschreibt die innovative Nutzung des Rohstoffs Holz in allen Bereichen der Bioökonomie. Insbesondere versteht sie sich als strategisch altbekannter, aber vor allem als erweiterter, neuartiger Innovationsraum einer Kreislaufwirtschaft mit der gesamten Wertschöpfungskette Holz. Diese erfolgt idealerweise in Form einer sogenannten Nutzungskaskade: vom Forst über die forstlichen Dienstleister, die Sägeindustrie, den Holzbau, die Zellstoff-/Papierindustrie, die Holzwerkstoffindustrie und in zunehmendem Maße bis hin zur chemischen Industrie sowie hinein in moderne Verbrauchs- und Investitionsgüter. Die Nutzungskaskade betrifft damit den gesamten Wirtschaftskreislauf im Kern. Anders als im bisherigen, skalenökonomisch determinierten Wirtschaftsraum muss die Bioökonomie die begrenzte Verfügbarkeit von Ressourcen in Betracht ziehen und zielführende Nachhaltigkeitskriterien beachten. Nutzungskonkurrenzen sollen demzufolge durch intelligente, wertige Verwendung der jeweiligen Holz-, Restholz- und Abfallsortimente weitgehend vermieden werden, wodurch ein tatsächlich sinnvoller Gesamtnutzen für die Gesellschaft möglich erscheint. Um die Bioökonomie umzusetzen und wirtschaftlich zu etablieren, gibt es eine Reihe europäischer, nationaler und regionaler Politikprogramme, Initiativen und Strukturen, die die Forschung und Entwicklung, die Förderung industrieller Umsetzungen und die Etablierung neuer Geschäftsmodelle zum Ziel haben. Deutsche Hochschulen und Universitäten stellen sich auf die entsprechende Erweiterung bzw. Anpassung von Studiengängen ein.
Holz statt Braunkohle
(2020)
Stichwort Sexfluencing.
(2020)
Road network performance (RNP) is a key element for urban sustainability as it has a significant impact on economy, environment, and society. Poor RNP can lead to traffic congestion, which can lead to higher transportation costs, more pollution and health issues regarding the urban population. To evaluate the effects of the RNP, the involved stakeholders need a real-world data base to work with. This paper develops a data collection approach to enable location-based RNP analysis using publicly available traffic information. Therefore, we use reachable range requests implemented by navigation service providers to retrieve travel times, travel speeds, and traffic conditions. To demonstrate the practicability of the proposed methodology, a comparison of four German cities is made, considering the network characteristics with respect to detours, infrastructure, and traffic congestion. The results are combined with cost rates to compare the economical dimension of sustainability of the chosen cities. Our results show that digitization eases the assessment of traffic data and that a combination of several indicators must be considered depending on the relevant sustainability dimension decisions are made from.
Environmental regulations force automotive companies to modify the powertrain technology portfolio offered to the customer to comply with greenhouse gas (GHG) emission targets. Automotive companies, in turn, are faced with the decision of finding the right powertrain technology portfolio because the selection of a particular technology portfolio affects different company targets at the same time. What makes this decision even more interesting is the fact that future market shares of the different technologies are uncertain. With its numerous objectives, this challenge requires multi-criteria decision-making techniques to identify the optimal powertrain technology portfolio. The objective of this research is to present a new decision support approach for assembling optimal powertrain technology portfolios while making decision-makers aware of the trade-offs between the achievable market share, the market share risk, and the GHG emissions generated by the selected vehicle fleet. The proposed approach combines `a posteriori' decision-making, multi-objective optimization, and the Markowitz portfolio theory. In an application case, the outlooks of selected market studies are fed into the proposed decision support system. The result is a visualization and analysis of the current real-world decision-making problem faced by many automotive companies. Interesting findings of this research include that for the assumed GHG restrictions in place in 2030, there exists no optimal powertrain technology portfolio that is not composed of at least 20% of electric vehicles.
VBA mit Excel
(2020)
Dieses Buch bietet eine anwendungsorientierte Einführung in die Programmierung mit Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) in Microsoft Excel. Es ermöglicht auch Einsteigern die selbstständige Lösung kleiner bis mittelgroßer Programmieraufgaben aus dem betriebswirtschaftlichen Alltag. Der Schwierigkeitsgrad der Inhalte ist überwiegend einfach gehalten, sodass Nutzer, die bereits grundlegende Tätigkeiten in MS Excel beherrschen, sich nach ihren jeweiligen Anforderungen entsprechend fortbilden können. Zahlreiche Praxisbeispiele und Übungen, die auf einem Windows-Betriebssystem entwickelt und getestet wurden, unterstützen das Lernen Schritt für Schritt und zeigen, wie hilfreich VBA durch Automatisierung und Individualisierung in jedem Büro sein kann.
Dieses Buch bietet Studierenden mehr als 70 Übungsaufgaben und drei Fallstudien inklusive ausführlicher Lösungen zu ausgewählten Themen der Produktionswirtschaft und Industrie 4.0. Jedes Kapitel enthält eine kurze Einleitung sowie zu erreichende Lernziele. Querverweise auf das Lehrbuch „Produktionswirtschaft“ von Kellner/Lienland/Lukesch erleichtern das Selbststudium und ermöglichen eine optimale Prüfungsvorbereitung. In der 2. Auflage wurden umfangreiche Überarbeitungen hinsichtlich Sprache und Aufbau von Aufgaben, Lösungswegen und Abbildungen vorgenommen sowie zahlreiche neue Aufgaben ergänzt.
Teams are beginning to rely on smart communication technology that is enhanced by Artificial Intelligence (AI). Yet, we lack understanding of how these smart communication technologies (SCT) influence team collaboration, especially in global virtual teams (GVT). This study empirically investigates how cultural values and practices influence the acceptance of SCT and how the use of this technology impacts communication effectiveness in GVT. We surveyed 643 members of 109 GVT before and after using the SCT. Results showed that team members from individualistic, future oriented cultures generally had more positive expectations towards the performance and enjoyment of using the technology. Uncertainty avoidance increased effort expectancy. After using SCT for communicating in the GVT, most differences disappeared. Regarding communication effectiveness, SCT had a positive influence, which was stronger for performance and future oriented cultures.
Virtual teams that use integrated communication platforms are ubiquitous in cross-border collaboration. This study explores the use of communication media and team outcomes—both social outcomes and task accomplishment—in multilingual virtual teams. Based on surveys from 96 virtual teams (with 578 team members), the research shows that the more time spent in rich communication channels, such as online conferences, increased inclusion and satisfaction, whereas the more time spent with written communication that is lower in richness increased the level of task accomplishment. Team members with lower language proficiency felt less included in all collaboration channels, whereas team members with higher language proficiency felt less satisfied with lean collaboration. In addition, limited language proficiency speakers were significantly less likely to view rich tools as helpful for their teams to reach a mutual decision. Our data support media richness theory in its original context for native and highly proficient English speakers. Our study extends the scope of the theory by applying it to the new context of team members with limited language proficiency. Management should implement a collaboration infrastructure consisting of communication platforms that integrate a variety of media to account for different tasks and different communication needs.
Each year, the Virtual Business Professional (VBP) program brings together professors and students from across the globe to engage in client projects. The VBP program of 2020 occurred from the beginning of March through the middle of April. In this article, we share how the COVID-19 pandemic affected VBP participants and their teams. We present post-project survey results (completed by 440 of 530 participants for an 83 percent response rate), professor comments, and student comments to demonstrate how VBP participants overcame many of the pandemic disruptions to work effectively in virtual teams, develop compassion and empathy for one another, and foster more global mindsets.
This study examines the impact of perceived foreign language proficiency on hybrid culture building in multicultural teams. Hybrid culture includes a mutually shared set of norms, communication patterns, problem-solving approaches, and synergistic task coordination that result from the diverse cultural backgrounds of the team members. Language is the main vehicle for communication and plays a major role in social interaction and therefore hybrid culture building. We argue that the level of perceived language proficiency of multicultural team members influences hybrid culture building; consequently, adequate language skills lead not only to an efficient task solution but are also an important factor in creating interpersonal relationships and building a shared culture. Our empirical analysis supports the positive influence of language proficiency in hybrid teams; however, foreign language proficiency is more influential on cognitively oriented areas of multicultural teamwork than on affective ones.
A novel approach to optically distinguish plastics based on fluorescence lifetime measurements
(2020)
In medical and biological research, fluorescence lifetime measurements and fluorescence lifetime imaging is already a part of the standardized analysis procedures. As first investigations have shown, polymers can be identified using fluorescence lifetime imaging and an evaluation algorithm. Thus, this contribution pursues a novel approach for the direct differentiation of four polymers with fluorescence lifetime imaging. Therefore, the evaluation algorithm is extended to compare several fluorescence lifetime images to prove that a distinction is possible.