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Der Artikel behandelt die Nachweisführung zum Feuerwiderstand von Mauerwerks-Bauteilen. Es werden die möglichen bauaufsichtlichen Anforderungen an Standsicherheit und/oder Raumabschluss im Brandfall, die mögliche Nachweisführung über Bauarten als technische Baubestimmungen oder Bauarten mit Anwendbarkeitsnachweis, die Zuordnung der bauaufsichtlichen Anforderungen zu den Leistungsangaben in den Nachweisen und die Grundlagen der brandschutztechnischen Bemessung von Mauerwerksbauteilen diskutiert.
Ideenwerkstatt: KI in der Hochschullehre - Persona-Konzept mit bildgebender KI in der Vorlesung
(2024)
Beitrag zur Ideenwerkstatt Hochschullehre der Virtuellen Hochschule Bayern (VHB) zum Themenkomplex "KI in der Hochschullehre". Gegenstan des Beitrages ist die Verwendung bildgebender KI im unmittelbaren Unterrichtsgeschehen in dem ein Persona-Konzept (Design-Thinking) durch ein KI-generiertes Porträt persönlicher und wirksamer wird. Die Veranstaltung fand am 29.02.2024 online im Rahmen des bundesweiten Projekts "Konzertierte Weiterbildungen zu künstlicher Intelligenz in der Hochschullehre" des Netzwerks Landeseinrichtungen für digitale Hochschullehre (NeL) statt und wurde von der Stiftung Innovation in der Hochschullehre gefördert. Das Video kann auch auf Youtube abgerufen werden: https://youtu.be/JCaUWryiEjs
Previous work has indicated that testing can enhance memory for subsequently studied new information by reducing proactive interference from previously studied information. Here, we examined this forward testing effect in children’s spatial memory. Kindergartners (5–6 years) and younger (7–8 years) and older (9–10 years) elementary school children studied four successively presented 3 x 3 arrays, each composed of the same 9 objects. The children were asked to memorize the locations of the objects that differed across the four arrays. Following presentation of each of the first three arrays, memory for the object locations of the respective array was tested (testing condition) or the array was re-presented for additional study (restudy condition). Results
revealed that testing Arrays 1 to 3 enhanced children’s object location memory for Array 4 relative to restudying. Moreover, children in the testing condition were less likely to confuse Array 4 locations with previous locations, suggesting that testing reduces the buildup of proactive interference. Both effects were found regardless of age. Thus, the current findings indicate that testing is an effective means to resolve proactive interference and, in this way, to enhance children’s learning and remembering of spatial information even before the time of school entry.
The variation of the contact impedance of adhesive conductive EMI shielding tapes under high temperature storage (HTS) of 110degC is investigated. The adhesive tapes under test are implemented as signal return paths in microstrip lines. Changes in the ground plane impedance by adhesive deterioration are analyzed by S-parameter measurements from 1MHz to 3GHz. A circuit model for contact impedance degradation is proposed and applied in simulation of board level shielding. Contact resistance and contact capacitance are found to increase significantly after 2400h, causing a declined magnetic field shielding effectiveness by 30 dB below 500 MHz.
Kinder brauchen Bindung
(2024)
Eine stabile, sichere Bindung zwischen Kindern und ihren Bezugspersonen, seien es Mutter, Vater, Großeltern oder pädagogische Fachkräfte, ist grundlegend für ihre Entwicklung. Welche Faktoren für eine sichere Bindungsbeziehung ausschlaggebend sind und wie Bezugspersonen die Grundbedürfnisse nach Beziehung, Bindung und Kontrolle in den ersten Lebensjahren erfüllen können, zeigt das Buch: Wie gehe ich feinfühlig mit meinem Kind um, das noch nicht sprechen kann? Kann sich der Vater genauso gut um einen Säugling kümmern wie die Mutter? Schadet eine Betreuung in der Krippe? Der Band bietet Grundlagenwissen aus der internationalen Entwicklungsforschung sowie Beispiele und Reflexionsimpulse für die Umsetzung im Erziehungsalltag. Abgeschlossen wird er mit einer Übersicht zu bindungstheoretischen Präventionsprogrammen in Familienbildung und Frühen Hilfen.
Generalized Ng–Kundu–Chan model of adaptive progressive Type-II censoring and related inference
(2024)
The model of adaptive progressive Type-II censoring introduced by Ng et al. (2009) (referred to as Ng–Kundu–Chan model) is extended to allow switching from a given initial censoring plan to any arbitrary given plan of the same length. In this generalized model, the joint distribution of the failure times and the corresponding likelihood function is derived. It is illustrated that the computation of maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimates are along the same lines as for standard progressive Type-II censoring. However, the distributional properties of the estimators will usually be different since the censoring plan actually applied in the (generalized) Ng–Kundu–Chan model is random. As already mentioned in Cramer and Iliopoulos (2010), we directly show that the normalized spacings are independent and identically exponentially distributed. However, it turns out that the spacings themselves are generally dependent with mixtures of exponential distributions as marginals. These results are used to study linear estimators. Finally, we propose an algorithm for generating random numbers in the generalized Ng–Kundu–Chan model and present some simulation results. The results obtained also provide new findings in the original Ng–Kundu–Chan model; the corresponding implications are highlighted.
In any dimension d≥2, there is no known example of a low-discrepancy sequence which possesses Poisssonian pair correlations. This is in some sense rather surprising, because low-discrepancy sequences always have β-Poissonian pair correlations for all 0<β<1/d and are therefore arbitrarily close to having Poissonian pair correlations (which corresponds to the case β=1/d). In this paper, we further elaborate on the closeness of the two notions. We show that d-dimensional Kronecker sequences for badly approximable vectors α→ with an arbitrary small uniformly distributed stochastic error term generically have β=1/d-Poissonian pair correlations.
Organizational mining, a sub-discipline of process mining, introduced social networks based on business processes. However, process mining has only half-heartedly pursued this line of development. In particular, the well-founded results of interdisciplinary social network analysis have hardly been taken up.
This article shows how the explanation and design of the phenomenon "organization" can benefit from the further development of this network view of business processes. To this end, the basic idea of social process networks is presented and the current state of research is outlined. Furthermore, social networks are presented as a new component of organization design. An interesting, far-reaching new field of research is expected.
This paper presents three novel findings that could be the starting point for further research, but can also be used in practice today.
This study investigates for the first time how public charging infrastructure usage differs under the presence of diverse pricing models. About 3 million charging events from different European countries were classified according to five different pricing models (cost-free, flat-rate, time-based, energy-based, and mixed) and evaluated using various performance indicators such as connection duration; transferred energy volumes; average power; achievable revenue; and the share of charging and idle time for AC, DC, and HPC charging infrastructure. The study results show that the performance indicators differed for the classified pricing models. In addition to the quantitative comparison of the performance indicators, a Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance and a pairwise comparison using the Mann–Whitney-U test were used to show that the data distributions of the defined pricing models were statistically significantly different. The results are discussed from various perspectives on the efficient design of public charging infrastructure. The results show that time-based pricing models can improve the availability of public charging infrastructure, as the connection duration per charging event can be roughly halved compared to other pricing models. Flat-rate pricing models and AC charging infrastructure can support the temporal shift of charging events, such as shifting demand peaks, as charging events usually have several hours of idle time per charging process. By quantifying various performance indicators for different charging technologies and pricing models, the study is relevant for stakeholders involved in the development and operation of public charging infrastructure.
In der Diskussion um bezahlbares Bauen werden aktuell die Standards im Wohnungsbau hinterfragt, darunter auch die Schallschutzanforderungen. Die Wahrnehmung von Schallschutz ist subjektiv und wird von verschiedenen Faktoren wie Alter und individuellen Empfindlichkeiten beeinflusst. Nachbarschaftslärm kann zu Schlafstörungen und Belästigungen führen, während Verkehrslärm nachweislich Gesundheitsprobleme verursacht. Das Konzept „Einfach Bauen“ zielt darauf ab, das Bauen zu vereinfachen und nachhaltiger zu gestalten. Drei Forschungshäuser, die diesem Konzept folgen, wurden auf Schallschutz überprüft. Dabei erfüllten Wohnungstrennwände und -decken die Anforderungen. Die Untersuchung der Bewohnerzufriedenheit durch Befragungen in diesen Häusern zeigt, dass die Wahrnehmung von Lärm stark variiert. Die Zufriedenheit wird durch die Kommunikation mit den Nachbarn beeinflusst. Das Fallbeispiel verdeutlicht, dass Schallschutzanforderungen oft nicht den individuellen Lärmempfinden gerecht werden, da nicht-akustische Faktoren eine starke Rolle spielen. Die Erwartung eines reduzierten Schallschutzes bei „Einfach Bauen“ kann zu Fehlvorstellungen führen, wie der Auszug von Bewohnern aus Schallschutzgründen zeigt. Die derzeitigen Mindestanforderungen an den Schallschutz erweisen sich für sehr empfindsame Menschen als unzureichend. Es ist wichtig, dass die Bewohner über den zu erwartenden Schallschutz informiert werden, um ein harmonisches Zusammenleben zu ermöglichen.
Dieser Beitrag konzentriert sich auf Methoden der Praxisanleitung. Da im deutschsprachigen Raum eine Tendenz zur Methodeneinseitigkeit bzw. zur schwerpunktmäßigen Anwendung der Instruktion anzutreffen ist, wird zunächst pflegedidaktisch der Bedarf nach einem Methodenmix sowie der Bedarf nach Methoden zur Förderung selbständigen Problemlösens begründet. Dann wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche Methoden für die Praxisanleitung im deutschsprachigen Raum und international in der Literatur beschrieben werden. Diese werden jeweils in einem Mehrebenenmodell der Methodik systematisiert und verglichen. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden pflegedidaktische Forschungsdesiderate und weitere Empfehlungen formuliert, um die Praxisanleitung im deutschsprachigen Raum methodisch weiterzuentwickeln und dadurch Lernende bestmöglich für die professionelle Bewältigung der Anforderungen pflegerischer Praxis vorzubereiten.
This research examines the potential outputs, outcomes, and impacts of the German Act on Corporate Due Diligence Obligations in Supply Chains (LkSG) on the smallholder cocoa farmers in West Africa. The study primarily relies on a literature review and an impact pathway to conduct a systematic analysis to identify the potential effects of the LkSG on smallholder cocoa farmers. The findings indicate that some, but not all of the risks addressed by the LkSG align with those faced by smallholder cocoa farmers and their families. Additionally, the research also reveals weaknesses, particularly in managing environmental risks, which the LkSG does not adequately cover. Our findings show that in the short- and medium-term, the LkSG has no potential effects on smallholder cocoa farmers. Furthermore, the potential positive impacts of the law on smallholder cocoa farmers will take a long time to realize, as the LkSG considers primarily tier-1 suppliers. Companies in Germany might reassess their supply chains to strive for an LkSG-risk-free supply chain, which could in the long term have sustained impacts on smallholder cocoa farmers. However, we recommend a comprehensive risk analysis of the cocoa supply chain to enhance the human rights of cocoa farmers.
Dieses Buch bietet Studierenden über 80 Übungsaufgaben und fünf Fallstudien inklusive ausführlicher Lösungen zu ausgewählten Themen der Produktionswirtschaft und Industrie 4.0. Jedes Kapitel enthält eine kurze Einleitung sowie zu erreichende Lernziele. Querverweise auf das Lehrbuch „Produktionswirtschaft“ von Kellner/Lienland/Lukesch erleichtern das Selbststudium und ermöglichen eine optimale Prüfungsvorbereitung. Die 3. Auflage wurde redigiert und um neue Rechenaufgaben sowie eine weitere Fallstudie zum Themenbereich Industrie 4.0 ergänzt.
Eine Lernortkooperation (LOK) kann die Lehr-Lern-Prozesse in der Pflegebildung verbessern (vgl. Briese 2018: 7). Allerdings besteht eine LOK nicht nur aus dem theoretischen und den praktischen Lernorten, sondern auch aus übergreifenden Lernorten, wie beispielsweise der sogenannte dritte Lernort. Um die LOK zu stärken und ein gemeinsames Bildungsver-ständnis zu erlangen, möchten wir die Methode der Fallbesprechung nutzen. Anhand dieser Methode stellen wir pflegedidaktische Überlegungen an, wie eine zielgruppengerechte Umsetzung auf allen Ebenen der LOK - Information, Abstimmung und Kooperation (vgl. Dehnbostel 2022: 97) - gelingen könnte.
Stirring is used for mass and heat transfer, particle suspending or similar processes. It is commonly conducted in a steady operation mode. This paper targets on performing the stirring process dynamically by reversing the rotation direction to introduce additional turbulences and hence accelerating the dispersing processes. The power introduced into the fluid as well as mixing kinetics performing dynamic mixing were studied based on the rotational acceleration, blade pitch angle, liquid volume and duration of the rotational speed direction interval for a vessel equipped with a turbine agitator with and without baffles. Experiments show that baffles are not necessary if reverse mixing is performed at a specific frequency.
Environmental pollution by plastics is a global issue of increasing concern. However, microplastic analysis in complex environmental matrices, such as soil samples, remains an analytical challenge. Destructive mass-based methods for microplastic analysis do not determine plastics’ shape and size, which are essential parameters for reliable ecological risk assessment. By contrast, nondestructive particle-based methods produce such data but require elaborate, time-consuming sample preparation. Thus, time-efficient and reliable methods for microplastic analysis are needed. The present study explored the potential of frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FD-FLIM) for rapidly and reliably identifying as well as differentiating plastics and natural materials from terrestrial environments. We investigated the fluorescence spectra of ten natural materials from terrestrial environments, tire wear particles, and eleven different transparent plastic granulates <5 mm to determine the optimal excitation wavelength for identification and differentiation via FD-FLIM under laboratory conditions. Our comparison of different excitation wavelengths showed that 445 nm excitation exhibited the highest fluorescence intensities. 445 nm excitation was also superior for identifying plastic types and distinguishing them from natural materials from terrestrial environments with a high probability using FD-FLIM. We could demonstrate that FD-FLIM analysis has the potential to contribute to a streamlined and time-efficient direct analysis of microplastic contamination. However, further investigations on size-, shape-, color-, and material-type detection limitations are necessary to evaluate if the direct identification of terrestrial environmental samples of relatively low complexity, such as a surface inspection soil, is possible.
Microplastic pollution of the environment has been extensively studied, with recent studies focusing on the prevalence of microplastics in the environment and their effects on various organisms. Identification methods that simplify the extraction and analysis process to the point where the extraction can be omitted are being investigated, thus enabling the direct identification of microplastic particles. Currently, microplastic samples from environmental matrices can only be identified using time-consuming extraction, sample processing, and analytical methods. Various spectroscopic methods are currently employed, such as micro Fourier-transform infrared, attenuated total reflectance, and micro Raman spectroscopy. However, microplastics in environmental matrices cannot be directly identified using these spectroscopic methods. Investigations using frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FD-FLIM) to identify and differentiate plastics from environmental materials have yielded promising results for directly identifying microplastics in an environmental matrix. Herein, two artificially prepared environmental matrices that included natural soil, grass, wood, and high-density polyethylene were investigated using FD-FLIM. Our first results showed that we successfully identified one plastic type in the two artificially prepared matrices using FD-FLIM. However, further research must be conducted to improve the FD-FLIM method and explore its limitations for directly identifying microplastics in environmental samples.
This research examines the potential outputs, outcomes, and impacts of the German Act on Corporate Due Diligence Obligations in Supply Chains (LkSG) on the smallholder cocoa farmers in West Africa. The study primarily relies on a literature review and an impact pathway to conduct a systematic analysis to identify the potential effects of the LkSG on smallholder cocoa farmers. The findings indicate that some, but not all of the risks addressed by the LkSG align with those faced by smallholder cocoa farmers and their families. Additionally, the research also reveals weaknesses, particularly in managing environmental risks, which the LkSG does not adequately cover. Our findings show that in the short- and medium-term, the LkSG has no potential effects on smallholder cocoa farmers. Furthermore, the potential positive impacts of the law on smallholder cocoa farmers will take a long time to realize, as the LkSG considers primarily tier-1 suppliers. Companies in Germany might reassess their supply chains to strive for an LkSG-risk-free supply chain, which could in the long term have sustained impacts on smallholder cocoa farmers. However, we recommend a comprehensive risk analysis of the cocoa supply chain to enhance the human rights of cocoa farmers.
A reinforcement of concrete structures is needed because of the low tensile strength of concrete. Corrosion of the usually used steel reinforcments cause issues during time. Therfore, alternative reinforcements produced from non-corosive materials - like polymer fibers - become more interesting. A polymer fiber has to reach high mechanical properties and a good bonding ability to concrete. Both properties can be influenced by the selection of polymer and the used production process. Two polymers, polypropylene and aliphatic polyketone are tested within this study. First mono-material fibers of each material are produced and tested, later the materials are combined in a core-shell fiber. All fibers are produced by standard extrusion or coextrusion and a later drawing process. The mechanical properties are determined by tensile tests. The calculation of interfacial shear strength from single fiber pull-out tests allows an evaluation of the bonding ability. Additionally, fiber surface before and after pull-out is examined using reflected light microscopy. Contact angle measurements are done to evaluate possible influences of the surface energy and polarity. Density measurements are used to compare weight potential of the different mono-material and core-shell fibers. The results show good mechanical properties for all fiber materials. The interfacial shear strength is ≈ 2-3 times higher for fibers with polyketone compared to the ones with polypropylene at the fibers surface, which can be explained by higher surface energy and polarity of the polyketone compared to polypropylene and different surface deformation during pull-out. Lower densities are reached by fibers containing polypropylene.
Dieses Buch bietet Studierenden über 80 Übungsaufgaben und fünf Fallstudien inklusive ausführlicher Lösungen zu ausgewählten Themen der Produktionswirtschaft und Industrie 4.0. Jedes Kapitel enthält eine kurze Einleitung sowie zu erreichende Lernziele. Querverweise auf das Lehrbuch „Produktionswirtschaft“ von Kellner/Lienland/Lukesch erleichtern das Selbststudium und ermöglichen eine optimale Prüfungsvorbereitung. Die 3. Auflage wurde redigiert und um neue Rechenaufgaben sowie eine weitere Fallstudie zum Themenbereich Industrie 4.0 ergänzt.
Driven by increasing customer demands, manufacturing processes encompass increasingly intricate workflows. The industry relies on computer-aided process planning software to effectively manage the intricacies of these complex manufacturing processes. This software is crucial to analyze computer-aided design data for a product and determining the required machining steps. However, a notable challenge arises, particularly in the case of custom products, where the machining steps can significantly vary depending on the available machinery and the employees' preferences.This study introduces a configurable automated feature recognition framework based on expert knowledge. Experts can encode their insights and expertise within this framework using a configurable synthetic data generator. Modern graph neural networks learn from the data generated by this data generator, achieving an average recognition accuracy up to 80% (F1-score) with a runtime performance of 21.98 milliseconds per model. Importantly, it accomplishes this even when confronted with highly intersecting machining features without requiring data conversion into alternative formats, such as voxel or pixel representations.
In the following article, we construct an interaction model of general language change. This contributes in particular to quantitative studies on reversible language change initiated by G. Altmann by adding explanatory character in tracing global features of general language change back to the individual interaction of speakers. Although the corresponding coupled differential equations are (presumably) non-integrable, we use methods from the theory of dynamical systems to deduce the long-term behaviour (depending on four interaction parameters) of the model for any given initial constellation of speakers. Subsequent numerical analysis of real data on language change is used to justify the relevance of the constructed model for the practicing quantitative linguist. We show how data-fitting methods can be used to determine the four interaction parameters and predict from them the long-term behaviour of the system, i.e. if complete language change or reversible language change will take place.
In the 1990s, China implemented educational reforms to expand access to education. However, the focus on neoliberal ideologies and educational success has led to significant social implications in the context of social strata. As a result, students now face pressure to perform in the educational system to achieve success and therefore social upward mobility. Families encourage their children to pursue education as a means of social advancement, and this has become a defining feature of Chinese society to have or not have social quality (suzhi). In this presentation, I will discuss how this focus on education impacts the social upward mobility and biographical orientations of elite students in China. I will discuss social mobility and stratification through the lens of habitus theory. According to P. Bourdieu, this theoretical perspective suggests that achievement in the context of social mobility is not solely dependent on economic capital but also on cultural capital. Biographically, this is highly interesting, as families represent the essential point of reference for educational decisions and impact making. Families play a crucial role in shaping educational decisions and aspirations; if individuals lack the necessary economic, social and cultural capital, they may seek opportunities in transnational contexts as a form of outsourcing and even biographical illusion.
A mechanically tunable planar single-turn inductor in air is proposed. The bistable flexible deflection of axially compressed wire segments is used for variation of the loop area of regular polygonal loop inductors. We present analytical expressions for the loop inductance and confirm the theoretical findings by magneto-quasi-static field simulation on exemplary polygonal circuits.
Die Gärtnerei Demmel in dem knapp 3.000 Einwohner großen Ort Seeshaupt am Starnberger See blickt auf eine über 100-jährige Geschichte zurück. 1902 gegründet, wird das Unternehmen in Familienbesitz von drei Generationen betrieben. 2002 wurde die Gärtnerei an einen langjährigen Mitarbeiter verpachtet, doch 2020 endete die Pacht, um das Gelände weiterentwickeln zu können. Studierende des 3. Semesters Architektur entwickeln Vorschläge für eine Revitalisierung des Geländes. Die Aufgabe ist der Entwurf eines neuen Gebäudes im Eingangsbereich. Es markiert den Zugang zum Gelände und steht beispielhaft für die Verbindung von Tradition und Moderne. Das Konzept basiert auf den suffizienten Prinzipien von „Einfach Bauen“: der Reduktion auf das Wesentliche und dem Verzicht auf alles Überflüssige.
Zielsetzung
Zur Stärkung der gesundheitlichen Resilienz der Bevölkerung in Deutschland soll der öffentliche Gesundheitsdienst (ÖGD) neu strukturiert werden. Die Prävention nicht-übertragbarer Erkrankungen soll am Bundesinstitut für Prävention und Aufklärung in der Medizin angesiedelt werden, in dem auch die Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung aufgeht, während das Robert Koch-Institut für Infektionskrankheiten zuständig bleibt. Vor diesem Hintergrund soll durch den Vergleich von Ländern mit einer guten präventiven Versorgung untersucht werden, welche Strukturen und Maßnahmen für die Impfprävention förderlich sind.
Material & Methoden
Durch eine systematische Literaturrecherche wurden Länder mit hohen Impfquoten gegen Influenza identifiziert. Für den Ländervergleich wurden ein staatliches Gesundheitssystem sowie je eines mit sozialem bzw. privatem Krankenversicherungssystem herangezogen. Die Organisation der Public Health-Institutionen, ihre Aufgaben, Maßnahmen und Effizienz bei der Versorgung mit Schutzimpfungen wurden in dem jeweiligen Land analysiert und miteinander verglichen.
Ergebnisse
Großbritannien (GB), die Niederlande (NL) und die USA wurden in den Vergleich auf Grund ihrer Impfquoten gegen Influenza (81%, 73,%, 73% (OECD 2023)) eingeschlossen. In diesen Ländern unterstehen die Behörden dem nationalen Gesundheitsministerium, wobei sie in NL und den USA weisungsungebunden sind. In GB sind die Zuständigkeiten für infektiöse und nicht-infektiöse Erkrankungen auf zwei Behörden verteilt. Deutliche Unterschiede sind zwischen den Gesundheitssystemen in GB und NL und dem System der USA bei der Durchführung von Präventionsmaßnahmen erkennbar: Die starke Vernetzung zwischen dem ÖGD und der medizinischen Primärversorgung in GB und NL, Maßnahmen wie die Implementierung von Impfregistern, der Versand von Einladungen und Erinnerungen (NL) oder der „No-Reply-SMS-Service“ mit angeschlossenem digitalen Terminmanagement (GB) ermöglichen eine bürgernahe und gezielte Information über Impfungen. In der föderalen Struktur der USA liegt die Verantwortung für den Gesundheitsschutz zum Teil bei den Bundesstaaten bzw. den Bürgern. Die Aufgaben der Bundesbehörde beschränkt sich auf die Überwachung von Erkrankungen, der Gesundheitsdatenanalyse, Entwicklung von Präventionsstrategien und Durchführung von Aufklärungskampagnen.
Zusammenfassung und Diskussion
Aus der Organisationsform der Gesundheitsbehörden lässt sich der Erfolg von Impfmaßnahmen in den untersuchten Ländern nicht ableiten. Vielmehr scheinen der Grad der Zusammenarbeit der Akteure, die Verfügbarkeit von Surveillancedaten, die wirksame Aufklärung der Bevölkerung sowie die klare Zuweisung von Verantwortlichkeiten eine wesentliche Rolle zu spielen.
An underrepresentation of women in executive positions has persisted for decades. This paper aims to analyze the financial impact of women in executive positions in German companies by examining the economic value added and exploring the effects of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors and female supervisory board members on female board members. The results indicate that in the 200 largest German companies, the share of female executives increased between 2018 and 2022. Regardless of industry, female executives started at very low levels at around 4% in 2018; in 2022, this figure reached around 11%. Thereby, the financial sector showed the highest share of female executives at around 14% in 2022, and the industrial sector at around 9%. A closer look reveals that large companies have higher shares of female executives than smaller companies. Large companies show an average of 17% compared to small ones, and in 2022, only 8%. There is a positive correlation between the share of female supervisory board members and female executives, arguing that female supervisory board members seem to hire more female executives. Companies with more female executives tend to have lower ESG controversy scores, and companies with more female executives, measured by the economic value added, perform better financially than companies with few or no women. Companies with female executives show about 2 percentage points higher economic value added than those with the lowest share of females (no or few female executives). Thus, it seems that female executives matter and make a difference in companies.
As generative AI (GenAI) becomes increasingly integrated into the professional workplace, offering significant productivity gains according to emerging research evidence, professionals and students need to build competencies to thrive in this new environment. In higher education, curricula must incorporate GenAI literacy to help students engage with this important and evolving technology. This research introduces results from a mixed-method study conducted among organisational practitioners, with the goal of creating an understanding of GenAI literacy needs across broad organisational contexts. We develop a Diamond Model of GenAI literacy for higher education to support curricular transformations needed to help students entering the GenAI-infused workplace. The suggested Diamond Model advocates for refining educational approaches to equip graduates with the capabilities to apply GenAI, maintain accountability, ensure authenticity and exercise agency in GenAI-driven workplaces.
Holzbasierte Bioökonomie und Kunststofftechnik: Nachwachsende Rohstoffe für technische Bauteile
(2024)
Strömungs- und Geräuschanalyse eines dezentralen Lüftungsgerätes mit PIV und akustischer Kamera
(2024)
Schallschutz von Gebäuden in Holzmodulbauweise Teil II - Messung und Simulation der Stoßstellen
(2024)
Labels inform smart home users about the privacy of devices before purchase and during use. Yet, current privacy labels fail to fully reflect the impact of advanced device configuration options like sensor state control. Based on the successful implementation of related privacy and security labels, we designed extended static and interactive labels that reflect sensor states and device connectivity. We first did expert interviews (N = 10) that informed the final label design. Second, we ran an online survey (N = 160) to assess the interpretation and usability of the novel interactive privacy label. Lastly, we conducted a second survey (N = 120) to investigate how well our interactive labels educate users about sensor configuration. We found that most participants successfully used the interactive label and retrieved sensor information more efficiently and correctly. We discuss our findings in the context of a potential shift in label use toward control and use-case-based interaction.
Manufacturing industries require the efficient and voluminous production of high-quality finished goods. In the context of Industry 4.0, visual anomaly detection poses an optimistic solution for automatically controlled product quality with high precision. In general, automation based on computer vision is a promising solution to prevent bottlenecks at the product quality checkpoint. We considered recent advancements in machine learning to improve visual defect localization, but challenges persist in obtaining a balanced feature set and database of the wide variety of defects occurring in the production line. Hence, this paper proposes a defect localizing autoencoder with unsupervised class selection by clustering with k-means the features extracted from a pretrained VGG16 network. Moreover, the selected classes of defects are augmented with natural wild textures to simulate artificial defects. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of the defect localizing autoencoder with unsupervised class selection for improving defect detection in manufacturing industries. The proposed methodology shows promising results with precise and accurate localization of quality defects on melamine-faced boards for the furniture industry. Incorporating artificial defects into the training data shows significant potential for practical implementation in real-world quality control scenarios.
The benefits of activating teaching methods are promoted by many colleagues and have been proven by numerous studies. Nevertheless, experienced instructors often do not switch to those methods in their teaching, and first-time lecturers start with traditional instead of activating methods. This article is aimed at (future) educators who are thinking about implementing such methods, as well as experienced ones and educational support staff who wish to provide support for their colleagues. This report is based on personal experience, (free-response) evaluations, standardized tests, and literature. It shows, which factors supported the introduction of and transformation to activating teaching methods, which made it difficult, and which would have been helpful. It is demonstrated why a changeover is worthwhile for physics educators despite possible risks and setbacks.
Herein we outline the design and construction of an instructional laboratory demonstration of the conservation of linear momentum, by way of the Impulse-Momentum Theorem, utilizing small, commercially available accelerometers attached to microcontrollers. The set-up is equipped with small, OLED screens which are able to display real-time acceleration graphs. Furthermore, a template for an experiment involving this set-up is provided. We also explore various data analysis options for different levels of student sophistication.
We present how a teaching unit can be designed to teach the scientific method.
To understand how scientific progress happens, it is necessary to understand the fundamental process by which science generates new knowledge. Teaching the process from observation, hypothesis, prediction, experiment/thought experiment, testing and possibly revising the hypothesis to a theory poses several challenges for the teacher. We will show how we let our students carry out this process themselves in a teaching unit of 1.5 hours.
Electricity and Magnetism is a 1st-year course for about 250 students in the initial stages of the BSc in Applied Physics at TU Delft. For this subject, we created an open, interactive textbook consisting of short videos with descriptive texts and python calculations as illustrations. In this article, we describe how we arrived at this textbook, what its content is and how we now use it in our teaching.
Research on the teaching and learning of physics has identified specific conceptual and reasoning difficulties that often prevent students from developing a functional understanding of various topics taught in introductory physics courses. There is evidence that instructional materials that take into account such difficulties and prompt students to critically assess their own understanding can improve student learning. In this paper Tutorials in Introductory Physics are introduced, a set of materials intended to supplement the lecture, textbook, and laboratory of standard introductory physics courses for students in physics, engineering, and other fields. The Tutorials in Introductory Physics were originally developed by Lillian McDermott and the Physics Education Group at the University of Washington. They have been translated into other languages, including Spanish, Greek and German. In addition, they have served (and continue to serve) as a model for the development of instructional materials for other STEM subjects, such as electric circuits and engineering mechanics. We discuss various aspects of incorporating the Tutorials into a typical course and possible issues associated with their implementation.
Lithography is the workhorse for the global semiconductor industry. At the Applied Physics department of our institute, we have developed course-based projects in which we train physics students lithography skills that are valuable for a career in Europe’s growing semiconductor industry. In this article, I will present the lithography facility at our institute, where students develop lithography processes for the fabrication of microstructures. I will show two examples of lithography projects that provided students the opportunity to grow towards competent, skillful lithographers. I will stress that universities of applied sciences in Europe need microtechnology facilities and competence centres that are embedded in Europe’s semiconductor ecosystem to power the workforce for its industry growth.
This paper delves into the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on learning and teaching engineering physics, focusing on the use of AI chatbots. The study explores various issues encountered by educators when students utilize AI to solve physics problems, highlighting potential pitfalls and opportunities. Through testing AI chatbots' capabilities in physics learning, the paper evaluates their effectiveness in providing accurate and insightful responses. Results indicate that while AI, especially ChatGPT 4, shows promise in aiding students' understanding of physics concepts, there are limitations and challenges to consider, such as over-reliance on technology and the potential for AI to produce misleading solutions. The implications and discussions underscore the need for a balanced approach in integrating AI into education, emphasizing authentic understanding over merely obtaining correct answers. Using AI in creating teaching materials is not evaluated here.
The Quantum Mechanics Venue is a learning teaching laboratory for high school students at TU Dortmund University. In this context the lab is continuously used and developed by university students. The lab itself focusses on conducting key experiments in quantum mechanics and the visualization of quantum mechanical effects. By exploiting the contradiction between classical expectation and experimental observation, cognitive dissonances are stimulated and later resolved, which leads to an increased learning outcome. Conducting existing experiments is, however, in some cases hindered by a complicated alignment, which does not aid the quantum mechanical understanding. The desired learning outcome can thus not be achieved in all cases.
In order to address these challenges and to allow for a future remote use of the laboratory, three pilot experiments were transformed into cross reality labs. This allows to decouple the students’ learning experience from the location of the lab. This paper provides an overview over the digitized experiments and gives an outlook on the future of the learning teaching laboratory.
This paper describes the transformation of engineering physics education through activating teaching methods for better learning outcomes and the redesign of learning spaces to support these pedagogical approaches. The transformation of a traditional physics laboratory into a versatile group work and multipurpose space known as the “STEM-Center,” at Tampere University of Applied Sciences is presented. The transformation was inspired by active pedagogical methods such as "Peer Instruction," "PDEODE," and the "SCALE-UP" method and its associated spaces. After the transformation, the space remains suitable for physics laboratory work. Across all courses, it encourages students to be active participants rather than passive listeners, which in turn improves learning outcomes. Most students express high satisfaction with the pedagogical methods and the learning environment as well as a preference for these engaging and activating methods over traditional lecture-based teaching, highlighting an enhanced learning experience and a stronger sense of ownership over their learning.
For many years, a team of physicists at the HTWG Konstanz has been shifting the focus of physics education from teaching “content” to teaching “methods”. An overview is given on the derived state. Several questions are addressed, such as: What are the advantages? Are there constraints and limits? How can a shift be achieved? What are student reactions and how does other teaching staff deal with the new situation.
The lecture Basic Principles in Physics is a compulsory subject in the education of primary school teachers at TU Dortmund University and actively attended by 100 to 150 students. Previously the lecture was held as a classic lecture utilizing mainly power point slides and experimental demonstrations. For the winter term 23/24 the lecture format was shifted towards a more interactive format, aiming at specific physics problems to be solved as part of the lecture. In order to free up the necessary time in the lecture itself , the conveyance of knowledge was shifted to the students’ preparation for the individual lectures, by providing texts and videos, which were aided by a short quiz. The lectures as well as the preparation were accessed over the entire semester. This paper provides an overview over the results obtained from the assessments and the final exams, as well as the lessons learned.
Physics lectures for engineering students are often given in a canonical order and using a traditional lecture format which might not always be the best choice. In this article we present a restructured curriculum that focuses on the understanding of oscillations and waves and enriches lectures with hands-on experiments and tutorials.
The Proceedings of the 12th PTEE conference 2024 in Rosenheim present 15 articles from a wide range of actual topics in physics teaching – from artificial intelligence, innovative teaching and examination methods, lab experiments, tutorials to thoughts on what would be desirable to know, when you start teaching (activating) physics.
A written exam in measurement technologies usually includes problems for operational amplifier circuits, error propagation, signal analysis and analog to digital conversion. During corona, teaching changed from presence lectures to remote lectures and examination formats changed, too. Instead of a written exam, student project exams were proposed. The projects included a computer aided temperature measurement with operational amplifier circuits, a calibration procedure, error propagation and a written report. The student project exams were successful and the students’ feedback was so positive that the student project exams are going to be continued.
In Tampere UAS the physics and mathematics education will be organized in a new way. The new model increases flexibility for students to choose a learning method suitable for them. The new model also offers some strong support for those students that are at the greatest risk to underperform or drop out their studies. The flexibility includes a possibility for an asynchronous online implementation in every physics and mathematics course. The stronger support means some extra workshop lessons for those who are in danger of dropping out. These workshop lessons concentrate on the very basics of the subject matter.
A "hybrid" team-based physics course was developed and rolled out at the Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, Germany, with the intention to provide more flexibility in space and time for the students. Data on the correlation between type of participation and learning success showed, that participation in person together with the performance in other STEM related courses are the main predictors for learning success. Interestingly, it had no influence on the learning success of the non-participating students whether they participated remotely or not at all. Thus, the biggest challenge for the lecture of the future, which offers more flexibility in space and time, is the "activation" of students who participate remotely.
Der Beitrag bearbeitet das Mandatsverständnis in der Sozialen Arbeit. Während die üblichen Lehrmeinungen davon ausgehen, dass Professionelle der Sozialen Arbeit mehrere Mandate haben, die ihr Handeln legitimieren, wird in diesem Beitrag dafür argumentiert, dass sich analytisch nur ein Mandat - nämlich die staatliche Beauftragung - beobachten lässt.
Diese Arbeit untersucht die Entwicklung der ESG-Scores der DAX-Unternehmen über einen Zeit-raum von 2015 bis 2021. Dabei werden sowohl der übergreifende ESG -Score als auch die Sub-kategorien Environmental, Social und Governance berücksichtigt. Aus der Analyse resultiert, dass sich die Scores insgesamt in den letzten sieben Jahren deutlich verbessert haben, es jedoch innerhalb der DAX-Unternehmen nach wie vor große Unterschiede gibt. Einige Unternehmen wie Mercedes Benz, SAP oder die Allianz weisen konstant sehr gute ESG-Scores auf, während bei anderen Unternehmen wie Beiersdorf, Brenntag oder Porsche noch Raum für Verbesserungen besteht. Bei genauerer Betrachtung der einzelnen Pillar Scores zeigt sich, dass der Social Pillar Score im Untersuchungszeitraum durchschnittlich die besten Werte aufweist und beim Environ-mental Pillar Score ein stetig ansteigender Score zu erkennen ist. Ferner wird ersichtlich, dass im Rahmen des Untersuchungszeitraums mit im Schnitt 22 Punkten der größte Anstieg beim Governance Score zu finden ist.
The digitalisation of production has a positive impact on manufacturing processes in terms of resource efficiency and environmental impact, particularly in the form of increased efficiency as well as cost and resource savings. However, the use of digitalisation technologies is also associated with efforts such as costs, CO2 emissions, and raw material consumption. When planning or deciding on the digitalisation of manufacturing systems, it is therefore necessary to assess whether these technologies pay off in terms of sustainability over their life cycle. This literature review (based on the PRISMA guidelines) analyses the relevance of sustainability assessment and its methods for the digitalisation of production in research. The review reveals that research focuses on the benefits of digitalisation technologies in manufacturing, while the assessment of efforts and their benefits is in its infancy. There is a need for further research on holistic assessment methods for digitalisation technologies. In particular, there is a lack of assessment methods that consistently link the economic and environmental dimensions of sustainability, and there is also a lack of guidance for the application of assessment methods in production.
Enhanced Time-Optimal Filter-Based Point-to-Point Trajectory Generation with Vibration Suppression
(2024)
The 12th International Conference on Physics Teaching in Engineering Education (PTEE 2024) took place from 15th to 17th of May, 2024 at TH Rosenheim. This “Program and Abstracts” contains the conference time schedule as well as the abstracts and video links of the 3 keynotes and the abstracts of the 46 contributions. The contributions cover actual themes in teaching engineers at universities and universities of applied sciences. Among others they are related to: SoTL (Scholarship of Teaching and Learning), influence of the pandemic on teaching, artificial intelligence in learning and teaching including learning analytics, and innovative concepts for lectures and labs in physics and engineering subjects.
Einleitung
Der Innovationsfonds des G-BA fördert seit 2015 Projekte der Versorgungsforschung und neuer Versorgungsformen. Bis Ende 2022 wurden 211 Projekte im Bereich “Neue Versorgungsformen” gefördert. Ein zentrales Ziel ist der Praxistransfer erfolgreicher Projekte in die Regelversorgung. Dieser Beitrag analysiert die bisherigen Projekte hinsichtlich ihrer Umsetzung in die Regelversorgung anhand von Transferempfehlungen des Innovationsausschusses (IA).
Methode
Deskriptive Analyse aller bis zum 01. August 2023 im Förderbereich „Neue Versorgungsformen (NVF)“ abgeschlossenen Projekte mit Transferempfehlung. Darstellung nach Themenfeld, Projektlaufzeit und Zeitdauer bis zum Beschluss des IA, Einordnung und Anzahl der pro Projekt angesprochenen Institutionen und Organisationen (Adressaten), Anzahl der auf der Website des G-BA veröffentlichten Rückmeldungen, Antwortquoten pro Adressatengruppe sowie eine inhaltliche Klassifizierung und Interpretation exemplarischer Rückmeldungen. Formulierung von Handlungsempfehlungen anhand der Ergebnisse und deren Diskussion in einem Expert:innenworkshop.
Ergebnisse
Von 57 geförderten NVF-Projekten hatten 17 eine Transferempfehlung. Insgesamt 57 Rückmeldungen von 431 Adressaten wurden erhalten. Die Antwortquoten variierten erheblich. Ein Drittel der Anfragen an den G-BA und dessen Trägerorganisationen erhielten eine Antwort (31%), während nur jede fünfte Anfrage an Bundesländer (18%) und Fachgesellschaften (18%) beantwortet wurde. Weniger als jede zehnte Anfrage an das BMG (8%), Vertragspartner der Selbstverwaltung (6%) und die Bundesärztekammer (0%) erhielt eine Rückmeldung. Projektbezogene Rückmeldungen innerhalb eines Adressatenkreises waren oft widersprüchlich oder beschränkten sich auf den regionalen Wirkungsbereich.
Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung
Der Transferprozess zeigt deutliche strukturelle und prozessuale Hindernisse bezüglich der Überführung erfolgreich evaluierte Projekte. Für den Innovationsfonds ist jedoch entscheidend, ob bei positivem Projektergebnis eine realistische Chance besteht, die untersuchte Intervention erfolgreich in die Regelversorgung zu überführen, um eine möglichst effektive Verwendung der Fördermittel zu gewährleisten. Das DNVF empfiehlt eine stärkere Einbindung regelungskompetenter Institutionen, Veröffentlichungspflicht, strukturierte Moderation, Weiterentwicklung der Selektivverträge, Förderung von Implementierungsphasen und die Finanzierung projektübergreifender Forschung zu Versorgungsmodellen.
Many experts project generative AI will impact the types of competencies that are valued among working professionals. This is the first known academic study to explore the views of business practitioners about the impacts of generative AI on skill sets. This survey of 692 business practitioners showed that business practitioners widely use generative AI, with the most common uses involving research and ideation, drafting of business messages and reports, and summarizing and revising text. Business practitioners report that character-based traits such as integrity and soft skills will become more important. Implications for teaching business communication are discussed.
Die moderne Hochschullehre ist einem stetigen Wandel unterworfen, der auch durch eine rasante Entwicklung digitaler Technologien und neuer Lehrkonzepte geprägt ist. In diesem Zusammenhang gewinnen virtuelle Lehr- und Lernräume eine immer größere Bedeutung. Die fortschreitende Digitalisierung eröffnet dabei Lehrenden wie Lernenden vielfältige Möglichkeiten, traditionelle Vorlesungssäle und Seminarzimmer zu erweitern und kreative Lehr-/ Lernumgebungen zu gestalten. Der vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich daher dem Themenkomplex virtueller Lehr-/ Lernumgebungen und möchte praxistheoretische Konzepte, Einsatzmöglichkeiten und Erfahrungen aufzeigen.
By axially loading of a cylindrical wire we utilize the first order buckling mode to form the shape of a segment of a wire loop inductor. The shape of the deformed wire is expressed in analytical form and provides the basis for a semi-empirical formulation of the loop inductance. Combining several buckling segments and taking advantage of the snap-through behavior of such a segment, the shape of the wire loop in air and hence the loop inductance can be varied mechanically on purpose. The analytical model for the tunable inductance enables a design methodology for bistable compliant inductors. We present two designs of mechanically tuned inductors in the range from 20nH to 50nH. Furthermore the electromagnetic properties of the proposed innovative components are confirmed by method of moments numerical modeling based on quasi-static magnetic fields and by experiment. We finally show that the design process is applicable to regular plane polygonal inductors representing multi-stable compliant stages.
Diese Arbeit zeigt, dass sowohl das Net Working Capital als auch der Cash Conversion Cycle im Zuge der Covid-19-Pandemie in Europa unabhängig von der Branche oder dem Land gestiegen sind. Es ist jedoch kein positiver Zusammenhang zwischen dem Grad der Qualität des Net Working Capital Managements und der Profitabilität zu erkennen. Unternehmen mit längerem Cash Conversion Cycle sind besser durch die Krise gekommen als Unternehmen mit einem „aggressiveren“ Cash Management.
In diesem Buch werden Möglichkeiten vorgestellt, um an den Lernorten der Pflegeausbildung Beurteilungen vorzunehmen und eine Beurteilungskultur aufzubauen. Der vorliegende Beitrag nimmt den Lernort Skills- und Simulationslabor in den Blick und stellt das Debriefing als Ansatz der fördernden Leistungsbeurteilung (Jürgens, Lissmann, 2015) für Simulationen vor. Debriefing findet im Rahmen von Simulationen direkt nach der Durchführung eines Szenarios statt. Es handelt sich um eine Nachbesprechung im Sinne eines strukturierten Prozesses, bei dem das Handeln der Lernenden während des Szenarios u.a. mithilfe moderierten Feedbacks intensiv reflektiert wird, um daraus Lernimpulse für zukünftige Handlungen zu ziehen (Dieckmann, 2018). Im Zentrum stehen konkrete Handlungsbeispiele aus dem Szenario, deren Bearbeitung mit Blick auf Wissen, Fertigkeiten und mentale Modelle zur Selbstreflexion beiträgt (Schröppel, 2021).
In der Literatur werden verschiedene Debriefingverständnisse und -verfahren beschrieben. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein Debriefingbeispiel von Simulationen zur Umsetzung der Anlei-tungsmethode Cognitive Apprenticeship (CA) an der TH Rosenheim vorgestellt, das sich an einem Modell nach Dieckmann (2018) orientiert. Dabei wird insbesondere aufgezeigt, wie die Beteiligung am Debriefing durch Mitstudierende bzw. Peers gestaltet wird. Die Peers erhalten hierfür Leitfragen mit Bezug zur Lehrveranstaltung, anhand derer sie die Szenarien beobachten und in der Beschreibungsphase des Debriefing ein differenziertes Feedback geben konn-ten. Die Leitfragen für Beobachtung und Feedback verfolgen eine pädagogische, eine pflegefachliche und eine überfachliche Richtung.
Im Beitrag erfolgt zunächst die Einbettung des CA in den Kontext des Studiengangs Pflegewissenschaft (B.Sc.) an der TH Rosenheim, danach wird CA als Anleitungsmethode vorgestellt und es wird beschrieben, wie die Simulationen zum Praxistransfer von CA aufgebaut sind. Dann wird auf den Debriefingmodus und die Leitfragen für Beobachtung und Feedback der Peers eingegangen. Zuletzt erfolgt eine Reflexion der Erfahrungen aus der Durchführung des vorgestellten Debriefing- und Feedbackmodus.
Hidden networks in business processes - theoretical considerations and experimental verification
(2024)
The discipline of process mining was the first to demonstrate the construction of social networks from business processes. Collaboration in the process flow creates relationships between the participants. The objective of this article is to further develop this basic idea of “hidden process-induced networks” (in short: process networks) on the basis of the findings of social network research and to make a new contribution to the management and design of business processes.
A contingency network theory of processes is presented for the first time as the methodological foundation for the article. In essence, it is demonstrated how the characteristics of a process network (contingency factors) can be utilized as design variables for achieving desirable process improvements. This is followed by an experimental verification and confirmation of this theory of business process design. Finally, use cases demonstrate the practical applicability of the findings.
Based on experimentally obtained data, regression analyses show that there are strong correlations between certain network measures (quantitative network characteristics) and the process measures processing time and cycle time. Processes therefore not only form networks. Networks can also support the optimization of processes. Process networks can be regarded as novel, theoretically sound and empirically verified explanatory and design models for business process management.
Debriefing und Feedback
(2024)
Simulationsbasiertes Lehren und Lernen in Gesundheitsfachberufen findet am sogenannten Dritten Lernort (DBR 2017) statt. Ziel ist es, „eine realitätsnahe Praxissituation nachzustellen, um die Lernenden an pflegerisches Handeln heranzuführen" (DBR 2017: S. 10). Durch die Laborsituation können Lernende in einem geschützten Lernumfeld Handlungen erproben, reflektieren, revidieren und einüben, ohne die Sicherheit der Pflegebedürftigen zu gefährden. Die Lehrform eignet sich besonders, um „reflective practice“ (Sawyer et al. 2016: S. 209) anzubahnen. Im folgenden Artikel wird das Debriefing als Ansatz zur Beurteilung simulationsbasierten Lernens vorgestellt.
Bei der Beschäftigung mit Publikationen zum Thema Debriefing fällt auf, dass Debriefing und Feedback häufig synonym verwendet werden. Debriefing und Feedback scheinen beide relevant für die Nachbesprechung von Simulationsszenarien (Paul, 2021; Engelhardt, 2021), doch inwiefern bestehen Unterschiede?
Beurteilen in der Pflegebildung. Entwicklung einer Beurteilungskultur an den verschiedenen Lernorten
(2024)
Die kontinuierliche Beurteilung gehört zu den Kernaufgaben von Lehrenden und Praxisanleitenden an den theoretischen und den praktischen Lernorten. Anhand von gezielten Anleitungssituationen, theoretischen und fachpraktischen Unterrichten sowie Reflexionen entwickeln die Lehrpersonen das pflegerische Handeln der Lernenden in der Pflegepraxis weiter. Die anschließende Beurteilung der schriftlichen, mündlichen oder praktischen Leistungsnachweise ist eine wichtige Aufgabe. Welche Methode bietet sich an und welche Kompetenzen werden damit geprüft? Welche Kriterien sind bei der Beurteilung zu beachten und welche Fähigkeiten brauchen Lehrende zur Umsetzung? Was versteht man unter Beurteilungskultur und welche Rolle spielt das eigene Bildungsverständnis?
Die digitale Transformation vollzieht sich in einer gesamtgesellschaftlichen Wirkung und ist damit für die Disziplin, Profession und Klientel Sozialer Arbeit in den vergangenen Jahren zu einem zentralen, gegenstands(mit)bestimmenden Querschnittsthema geworden. Der vorliegende Band möchte dieser Entwicklung begegnen, indem er Studierenden, Lehrenden, Forschenden und der Praxis Sozialer Arbeit perspektivenöffnende Befunde digitaler Projektarbeit in der Sozialen Arbeit zur Verfügung stellt, die eine gelingende Gestaltung des digitalen Wandels in den Fokus rücken.
Digitale Transformation
(2024)
Psychological safety (PS), the feeling of being comfortable to express one’s ideas or opinions in teams, is a key determinant of successful global virtual teams (GVT). Even though considerable knowledge exists about its antecedents, it is unknown how team-based interventions (TBI) and technology-based interventions (digital reminder nudges, DRN) foster PS among team members. Based on a survey involving 235 participants, our data show that TBI and DRN foster psychological safety in GVT. However, only the effect of TBI on psychological safety can be explained with a higher-quality coordination process. It remains unclear what causal mechanism explains the effect of DRN. These findings contribute to the literature on PS by showing that TBI facilitate effective coordination processes and to the literature on digital nudges by demonstrating that technology-based reminders drive PS.
A reconfigurable planar inductor based on bistable compliant mechanism is proposed. Flexible snapping of wire elements is used for modification of the loop area and self inductance as well as for the mutual coupling between laterally arranged multiple inductors in a magneto-inductive wave (MIW) device. A mechanical model is presented building the basis for an analytical inductance model. The bistable reconfigurability is demonstrated experimentally and confirmed by numerical simulation results.
Introduction:
Persons after stroke experience limitations in activities of daily living even in the chronic phase. Many patients who had a stroke report mobility limitations with loss of social roles such as reduced gait- related participation. International best- practice recommendations for patients who had a stroke include interprofessional diagnostics as a core element for goal setting and intervention planning to improve social participation. Interprofessional diagnostics has not yet been implemented in Germany.
Methods and analysis:
The aim is to develop an interprofessional diagnostic toolkit. This will be done in a multi- step process: first, an integrative review is conducted to synthesise the literature. Second, the experiences regarding diagnostics and walking outside is captured in focus groups with persons after stroke, relatives and health professionals. Third, a toolkit for the interprofessional diagnostic process of gait- related- participation will be developed based on the results of the previous steps in a future workshop. Fourth, the results of each work package will be integrated into the iterative development process for evaluation and implementation. All steps will be performed in accordance with the respective reporting guidelines.
Ethics and dissemination:
This study has been approved by the ethics committee at the Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Germany and is overseen by LMU-Medical Institutional Review Board. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Results will be disseminated through knowledge exchange with stakeholders and in peer- reviewed journal publications, scientific conferences, formal and informal reports. Stakeholders, patients and providers will be involved in most steps of the development from the beginning, which will facilitate later implementation at a larger scale.
Trial registration number:
German Register Clinical Trials/Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien DRKS00032389.
Diagnostic skills and decision-making processes are a substantial part of nursing and midwifery education. In a real-life clinical setting, the situation is complex and time-critical with a major impact on patient safety. The goal of simulation-based training allows the reduction of the complexity and offers the focus on new skills, diagnostic steps, engaging evidence-based-practice and receiving real-time
feedback. According to Work-integrated-learning (WIL) it is an ideal method fostering authentic work-focused experience, students learning through doing and students discipline of professional development (Zegwaard et al., 2023). Simulation in nursing and midwifery education as a pedagogical tool has been used widely in the clinical health-care of students (WHO Regional office for Europe, 2018).
Within complex scenario-based-simulation students may be engaged and immersed by working with the “patient or women” as autonomous clinicians, making their own diagnoses, clinical-decisions and evaluating their interventions (Olaussen, Heggdal & Tvedt, 2019). For the evaluating process a two-fold process that focuses on the assessment of students performance and the simulation process per se is
recommended (World Health Organization, 2018). However, the research findings in competence development and learning outcomes during complex scenario-based simulations are limited in nursing (Koukourikos et al., 2021) and especially in the midwifery profession (Changuiti et al., 2021). The aim of this study was to evaluate the competence progress in midwifery-students through complex simulation scenarios. Thus to define, if the scenarios are an improved teaching and learning method.
Transnationale Forschungen stehen vor vielfältigen Herausforderungen sprachlicher und kultureller Übersetzung. Insbesondere in Forschungskontexten, in denen Sprache bzw. Mehrsprachigkeit als wesentlicher Bezugspunkt fungiert und zumeist durch einen interpretativen Zugang zur sozialen Welt gekennzeichnet sind, stellt die Herstellung von Bedeutung(en) im Forschungsprozess eine grundlegende Übersetzungsanforderung dar. Diese Einsicht – nicht nur auf qualitativ-empirische Forschungen limitiert – hat zu einer zunehmenden Reflexion über methodologische Fragen im Rahmen transnationaler Forschungen, aber auch in den Area Studies selbst geführt. Der Vortrag wirft daher einen Blick auf die (Un-)Sichtbarkeit und Mehrdeutigkeit von Übersetzung im Forschungsprozess. Sich anschließende Fragen der methodischen Belastbarkeit und theoretischen Übersetzung werden anhand der eigenen biographischen Forschung im Kontext der VR China diskutiert.
In dieser Studie werden soziale Praktiken rekonstruiert, die der Herstellung, der Aufrechterhaltung und der Beendigung eines Beziehungsgefüges in den Randzeiten institutioneller Kindertagesbetreuung dienen. Dabei werden mit einem ethnografischen Zugang insbesondere die Handlungsvollzüge und Positionierungen von jungen Kindern in Kindertageseinrichtungen in den Blick genommen. Mit einer sozialkonstruktivistisch-praxistheoretischen Perspektive sowie in Bezug auf theoretische Konzepte der Kindheitsforschung wird nachgezeichnet, wie Kinder in Auseinandersetzung mit Räumen, Materialien und pädagogischen Fachkräften Randzeiten als soziale Form herstellen. Weiterhin werden die Selbst- und Fremdpositionierungen von Kindern als Kitakinder, „Doing Kitakind“, in Relation zu generationalen Ordnungsprozessen rekonstruiert. „Doing Kita in Randzeiten“ stellt eine konzeptuelle Weiterentwicklung dar, die insbesondere die relationale Handlungsmacht von Kindern in Kindertageseinrichtungen als machtvolle Insider betont.
The worldwide transformation of electricity production from fossil and nuclear energy sources to renewable energy sources is accompanied by many challenges. One of those challenges is finding an equilibrium of supply and demand – an important balance for the stability of electric grids. Production and consumption are kept in balance by adapting electricity production to consumption. Most renewable energy sources do not produce energy when demanded, but when natural conditions are suitable. As energy cannot yet be stored efficiently, over-production is as much of a problem as underproduction. Demand Response (DR) is the means for end-users to contribute to the balancing challenge. Providing the end-users with an incentive such as time-based pricing that changes according to the supply will encourage users to contribute to the equilibrium. Users’ contribution usually has implications for their daily habits and can be associated with discomfort, thus it requires a high level of involvement. Lowering the required involvement is therefore seen as an important step toward an acceptance of time-based pricing. Since the 1980s, machine learning has been seen as a solution to lower the barrier for private households to participate. The idea is to provide households with information about their electricity consumption, make recommendations on behavior changes or take automated actions. Such information can be retrieved from monitoring a household’s electricity consumption. This thesis contributes to the process of extracting information and knowledge from monitored electricity consumption in private households using machine learning. An overview of data sources and general approaches is provided. Based on this research, the Machine Learning Demand Response Model (MLDR) is introduced, defining the relation between data, knowledge, and actions. This model enhances the understanding of the individual steps required to transform monitored electricity consumption data into individual recommendations or automated actions. These steps are: data monitoring, appliance identification, appliance usage segmentation, and appliance usage prediction. For each of these steps, this thesis provides an overview of the current research state and introduces new approaches. A new monitoring system for both individual appliances and household mains is introduced. The system was used to collect a scientific dataset called Domestic Energy Demand Dataset of Individual Appliances in Germany (DEDDIAG). It contains measurements of 50 individual appliances located in 15 homes, recorded with a sample rate of 1 Hz over a period of up to 3.5 years. The dataset has been enriched with manual appliance usage annotations as well as demographic data describing the household. The system, as well as the dataset, has been published under an open-source license. Based on this dataset, an appliance category identification algorithm is introduced. The algorithm extracts features using a wavelet transformation and classifies data using the k-Nearest-Neighbor (kNN) classifier. It was evaluated and published as a challenge baseline for DEDDIAG. Next to this approach that relies on low sample rates, a high sample rate algorithm is introduced. The algorithm is based on transforming one voltage-current cycle, known as the voltage-current (V-I) trajectory, into two separate Recurrence Plots (RPs) which are then classified using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in combination with Spacial Pyramid Pooling (SPP). The al-gorithm is evaluated on three different datasets and compared to previously proposed algorithms. Finding the start and stop of an appliance is the basis for deriving usage patterns. This appliance event segmentation has received little attention from other researchers, and the most commonly used algorithm, a lower-bound thresholding approach, has never been evaluated. Using the manual annotations created for DEDDIAG, this approach is evaluated using a newly introduced performance metrics called Jaccard-Time-Span-Event-Score (JTES). Together with this, a new segmentation algorithm using Support Vector Machine (SVM) is presented. Finally, based on the usage events that were determined, a combined statistical model for appliance usage prediction is introduced. It predicts future appliance usage based on the preferred time of day and the elapsed time since it was used last. It is evaluated on the GREEND dataset as well as the DEDDIAG. The thesis concludes with an outlook of potential future work.
Zusammenfassung Nachhaltigkeitsbericht für die Gemeinde Pfaffing 2023
Pfaffing ist eine Gemeinde im Süden des deutschen Bundeslandes Bayern. Mit ihren 4.214 Einwohnerinnen und Einwohnern (Stand per 31.12.2021) repräsentiert sie größenmäßig eine durchschnittliche Landgemeinde in ihrer Region. Sie liegt rund 50 Kilometer von der nächstgelegenen Metropole München entfernt.
Mit der Erstellung eines Nachhaltigkeitsberichts nimmt Pfaffing in Deutschland eine Vorreiterrolle ein. Kaum eine Kommune ihrer Größe hat bisher einen solchen Bericht veröffentlicht. Um den Bericht in die globalen Nachhaltigkeitsbestrebungen einzubetten, wurde dieser an den 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) der Vereinten Nationen ausgerichtet.
Der Nachhaltigkeitsbericht ist zweigeteilt:
Im ersten Teil berichten verschiedene Akteure und Institutionen der Kommune über Ihre Bestrebungen für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung. Die Gemeindeverwaltung unter Führung von Bürgermeister Josef Niedermeier legt darin bereits umgesetzte Maßnahmen sowie Projekte, die sich noch in der Umsetzung befinden und mittelfristige Pläne dar. Daneben berichten die Referenten des Gemeinderats, die Beauftragten der Gemeinde, Vertreter von Arbeitskreisen, Verbänden, der Schule, der Kirchengemeinschaft und der Wirtschaft über ihre Bemühungen.
Eine qualitative Einschätzung ist auf Basis des ersten Teils des Nachhaltigkeitsberichts aufgrund seines individuellen Charakters nur schwer möglich. Es zeigt sich jedoch, dass die aktuellen Herausforderungen und die Notwendigkeit von nachhaltigem Handeln bei den verschiedenen Akteuren durchaus präsent sind. Entsprechende Bemühungen werden von den Entscheidungsträgern der Kommune aktiv unterstützt.
Der zweite Teil des Nachhaltigkeitsberichts ist datengestützt. In ihm werden anhand von 79 Indikatoren relevante Bereiche untersucht. Jedem der 17 SDGs wurden mehrere solcher Indikatoren zugeordnet. Im Ergebnis wird deutlich, dass die Gemeinde zwar einige Zielwerte bereits erreicht, in anderen Bereichen jedoch noch Nachholbedarf hat. Dies betrifft beispielsweise den Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien oder den Anteil von Frauen in Führungspositionen in Politik und Verwaltung. Weiterhin ist die Fließgewässerqualität verbesserungswürdig.
Besonders deutlich wurde darüber hinaus, dass es in vielen Bereichen an einer validen Datengrundlage mangelt. Hier müssen Verbesserungen in der Kommune selbst, aber auch durch die übergeordneten Ebenen erfolgen.