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It is common for timber ceiling constructions to include a suspended ceilings made of plasterboard. In order to minimize the radiation from impact excitation, especially in the low frequency range below 100 Hz, a detailed analysis of the vibration behaviour was necessary.
An experimental modal analysis was carried out and the radiated sound power from the suspended ceiling was measured using a sweep sine excitation by a shaker connected to the top layer of the timber floor construction.
Since the experimental modal analysis was conducted using a high frequency resolution and with a non-stationary sound field, it was necessary to check the validity of the intensity measurements by comparing it with 1/3-octave band measurements. The results show very good agreement.
By this means the radiation efficiency can be measured simultaneously with an experimental modal analysis of a structure.
Measured transmission functions from structure-borne sound sources in a timber-frame construction
(2015)
The aim of prEN 15657-2 is to provide engineering methods to estimate the structure-borne sound power input from machinery in situations where the source mobility matches or is lower than the receiver mobility. This situation often affects lightweight constructions such as timber-frame buildings. To estimate the sound pressure level in a room that is adjacent or distant from the room containing the source, the installed structure-borne sound power has to be propagated across at least one junction in the timber-frame construction. However, at present there are no generic, validated calculation models due to the complexity and the large variety of timber-frame constructions. A simplified approach to investigate and compare the structure-borne sound transmission is to treat the framed construction as a black box and only consider one parameter, a transmission function which is the ratio of the sound pressure level in the receiving room to the injected structure-borne sound power level. To get information about the variation of this transmission function in different timber-frame constructions, measurements were made in both the laboratory and the field. Experimental results are presented showing the variation due to different building configurations and the effect of the excitation position on the transmission function.
Competitive wooden floor systems - multi-objective optimization based on acoustics improvement
(2013)
The objective of this research project is the design of lightweight timber floor systems which have similar thicknesses to those of concrete floors but which perform better than concrete in terms of their environmental life cycle impact and in terms of airborne and impact sound insulation.
The availability of superior lightweight acoustic designs will increase the share of timber based floors within the Swiss construction market and will contribute to higher wood utilization in general.
A program for systematically developing validated finite element models for the development of lightweight timber floor systems has been proposed.
The use of Swiss hardwoods in floor systems will be studied and implemented where possible. Keywords: lightweight timber, sound transmission, impact noise
To ensure that building regulations are satisfied, the sound pressure level due to machinery has to be predicted at the design stage of a new building.
With the increasing popularity of multistory timber dwellings, prediction becomes an important issue for designers and consultants. At present previous project experience is often used when considering the design of wall and floor constructions and the mounting positions for machinery.
Simple tools to calculate the sound pressure levels in rooms based on machinery data and construction details are not currently available.
The approach involves two stages: firstly the description of the source and secondly the prediction of vibration transmission across the building and sound radiation into the rooms.
In this paper a simple empirical model is proposed for the second stage. This approach is based on measured transmission functions that are defined as the average sound pressure level in a receiving room relative to the injected structure-borne sound power.
This is a logical extension of approaches to characterize structure-borne sound sources that also use a power based descriptor (e.g. prEN15657:2016-02: Acoustic properties of building elements and of buildings - Laboratory measurement of structure-borne sound from building service equipment for all installation conditions) and provides a simple method to estimate the sound pressure level in a room.
This paper investigates the prediction of low-frequency impact sound insulation for a solid timber floor formed from dowel-connected joists with Swiss hardwood.
A finite element model was developed for the dynamic response of the floor as it is neither homogeneous nor isotropic and has complex connections.
With point force excitation, a FEM model for the dynamic response of the floor was validated using experimental modal analysis in the laboratory.
Two different FEM models were developed, one using spring connectors and the other using join connectors. Good agreement between FEM and measurements in terms of the Modal Assurance Criterion (MAC) and eigenfrequencies was achieved for the first 14 modes with the spring connector model and for the first 7 modes with the join connector model.
However, for the vibroacoustic analysis it was necessary to use the join connector model due to the computational instabilities of the spring model above 100 Hz when it was coupled to the acoustic medium.
With mechanical excitation the radiated sound power from the underside of the timber floor was measured with sound intensity in order to calculate the radiation efficiency. Comparison of measurements and FEM showed reasonable agreement between 20Hz and 200Hz
In this contribution a method for the prediction of the radiated sound out of the velocity field of a vibrating ceiling is presented. The numerical method was validated via measurements on a real structure using a pp-probe. It is based on Integral Transform techniques and can be applied in the postprocessing of a FEM simulation
(harmonic analysis) [1]. The method was verified by measurements on the real structure and can be used for parametrical studies.
Rounding off the Parts 1 and 2 of this publication nomograms, based on dimensionless parameters, can be developed to predict the sound radiation of light weight slabs. Hereby different sets of geometry as well as different configurations of ceilings can be studied in order to describe the acoustical and dynamical behaviour of wooden ceilings.