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Innovative Leistungsmodule
(2011)
Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and complementary methods were employed to study the time dependent film formation of a latex dispersion in water and cement pore solution. First, a model carboxylated styrene/n-butyl acrylate latex dispersion possessing a minimum film forming temperature (MFFT) of 18 °C was synthesized in aqueous media via emulsion polymerization. Its film forming property was at a temperature of 40 °C, studied under an ESEM. The analysis revealed that upon removal of water, film formation occurs as a result of particle packing, particle deformation and finally particle coalescence. Film formation is significantly retarded when the latex dispersion is present in cement pore solution. This effect can be ascribed to adsorption of Ca2+ ions onto the surface of the anionic latex particles and to interfacial secondary phases. This layer of adsorbed Ca2+ ions hinders interdiffusion of the macromolecules and subsequent film formation of the latex polymer.
Selectively retrieving a subset of previously studied information enhances memory for the retrieved information but causes forgetting of related, nonretrieved information. Such retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) has often been attributed to inhibitory executive-control processes that supposedly suppress the nonretrieved items' memory representation. Here, we examined the role of working memory capacity (WMC) in young adults' RIF. WMC was assessed by means of the operation span task. Results revealed a positive relationship between WMC and RIF, with high-WMC individuals showing more RIF than low-WMC individuals. In contrast, individuals showed enhanced memory for retrieved information regardless of WMC. The results are consistent with previous individual-differences work that suggests a close link between WMC and inhibitory efficiency. In particular, the finding supports the inhibitory executive-control account of RIF.
Familie und Gesellschaft befinden sich im Wandel. Die klassische Familie mit Vater, Mutter und Kindern, die ein Leben lang besteht, gibt es immer seltener. Andere Formen wie Ein-Eltern-Familie, Patchworkfamilie oder unverheiratete Paare mit Kindern lösen das klassische Modell immer mehr ab. Die Politik ist jedoch längst nicht auf diese flexibleren Familienformen eingestellt.
Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft müssen einen Weg finden, um die Situation von Familien zu verbessern. So brauchen wir eine ausreichende Zahl von Kitaplätzen für Kinder unter drei Jahren, und auch eine gute Ganztagsbetreuung in Schulen kann wesentlich dazu beitragen, Familie und Beruf besser zu vereinbaren. Doch auch ältere Kinder brauchen Zeit mit ihren Eltern, um sich zu glücklichen und ausgeglichenen Menschen entwickeln zu können. Und schließlich müssen sich vermehrt erwachsene Kinder um ihre immer älter werdenden Eltern kümmern - auch für diese Familienaufgaben muss Zeit geschaffen werden.
Die Expertenkommission Familie der Bertelsmann Stiftung wurde gegründet, um Fragen rund um das Thema Familie aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln zu betrachten und Verbesserungen in Politik, Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft anzuregen. Dieses Buch fasst einige der Diskussionen mit Experten zusammen und soll anregen, über neue Wege in der Familienpolitik nachzudenken.
Wie wird Vaterschaft ermittelt? Das Bundesverfassungsgerichtsurteil zu so genannten heimlichen Vaterschaftstests hat einen Anspruch auf die genetische Abstammungsklärung verankert. Ziel dieser Klärung ist es für Väter, festzustellen, ob ihr rechtliches Kind auch ihr biologisches Kind ist. Dem Urteil folgte ein Gesetz zur Klärung der Abstammung. Das neue Gesetz schafft den „stets sicheren“ Vater. Wie ist es vor diesem Hintergrund um die Sicherheit des Kindes bestellt? In welchem Verhältnis stehen Vaterrechte und Kinderrechte? Diesen Fragen geht Sabina Schutter anhand eines diskursanalytischen Verfahrens nach.
Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich anhand eines Bundesverfassungsgerichtsurteils zu »heimlichen Vaterschaftstests« mit Fragen nach der Materialität von Kindheit. Die rechtliche Verwertbarkeit eines Vaterschaftstests für die Vaterschaftsanfechtung, beziehungsweise die das mögliche Anrecht auf Kenntnis der Abstammung des eigenen Kindes verbindet naturalisierende Vorstellungen von Eltern-Kind-Beziehungen mit rechtlichen Regelungen. So entsteht eine Wechselwirkung: das legitime Kind materialisiert sich einerseits in der Idee der Fortsetzung des Selbst als das »genetisch eigene Kind« und andererseits in der Idee des rechtmäßigen Kindes, das durch die genetische Abstammung begründet wird. Genetische Informationen tragen damit nicht nur zur Naturalisierung der Vorstellung von »eigenen« Kindern bei, sie dienen auch als naturalisierende Begründung der rechtmäßigen Vater-Kind-Beziehung. Wie nimmt die genetische Wahrheit diesen Status in der Legitimation einer Beziehung ein und welchen Beitrag kann diese Verfasstheit für die Beantwortung der Frage nach der Materialität von Kindheit leisten? Welche Form erlangt Kindheit in der Konzeption eines Generationenverhältnisses, das auf biologische Abstammung fundiert wird und in welcher Beziehung steht diese Konzeption zu ihrer rechtlichen Normierung?
Versorger und Verlierer
(2011)
We present the fluorescence excitation and dispersed emission spectra of the parent compound of the boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dye class measured in a supersonic beam and isolated in superfluid helium nanodroplets. The gas‐phase spectrum of the isolated molecules displays many low‐frequency transitions that are assigned to a symmetry‐breaking mode with a strongly nonharmonic potential, presumably the out‐of‐plane wagging mode of the BF2 group. The data are in good agreement with transition energies and Franck–Condon factors calculated for a double minimum potential in the upper electronic state. The corresponding transitions do not appear in the helium droplet. This is explained with the quasi‐rigid first layer of helium atoms attached to the dopant molecule by van der Waals forces. The spectral characteristics are those of a cyanine dye rather than that of an aromatic chromophore.
Electronic spectra of molecules doped into superfluid 4He nanodroplets reveal important details of the microsolvation in superfluid helium. The vibrational fine structure in the electronic spectra of phthalocyanine derivatives and pyrromethene dye molecules doped into superfluid helium droplets have been investigated. Together with previous studies on anthracene derivatives [J. Chem. Phys.2010, 133, 114505] and 3-hydroxyflavone [J. Chem. Phys.2009, 131, 194307], the line shapes vary between two limiting cases, namely, sharp Lorentzians and nonresolved vibrational fine structure. All different spectral signatures are initiated by the same effect, namely, the change of the electron density distribution initiated by the electronic excitation. This change can be quantified by the difference of the electrostatic moments of the molecule in the electronic ground state and the corresponding Franck–Condon point in the excited state. According to the experimental data, electronic spectroscopy suffers from drastic line broadening when accompanied by significant changes of the charge distribution, in particular, changes of the dipole moment. Vice versa, the vibrational fine structure in electronic spectra of molecules doped into helium droplets is highly sensitive to changes of the electron density distribution.
The growing complexity of safety-critical embedded systems is leading to an increased complexity of safety analysis models. Often used fault tolerance mechanisms have complex failure behavior and produce overhead compared to systems without such mechanisms. The question arises whether the overhead for fault tolerance is acceptable for the increased safety of a system. Manually modeling the timing behavior is cost intensive and error prone. Current approaches of safety analysis and execution time analysis are not able to reflect the timing behavior of complex mechanisms according to failures. In this paper, we describe an approach that combines safety analysis models with execution times to extract different execution times for different failure conditions. This provides a detailed view on the safety behavior in combination with the produced overhead and allows to find and certify appropriate fault tolerance mechanisms.
Embedded real-time systems are growing in complexity, which goes far beyond simplistic closedloop functionality. Current approaches of worst-case execution time (WCET) analysis are used to verify deadlines of such systems, especially when they are safety critical. These approaches calculate or measure WCET as a single value that is expected as an upper bound for a system's execution time. Overestimations are taken into account to make this upper bound a safe bound, but modern processor architectures with caches, multi-threading, and instruction pipelines often expand those overestimations for safe upper bounds into unrealistic areas. Some approaches try to overcome this problem by calculating multiple upper bounds and argue that each single upper bound will hold for a certain probability (probabilistic worst-case execution time). Even though some of them tackle the problem of obtaining reliable probabilistic values for such upper bounds, more effort is required. Therefore, we present in this paper how probabilities of safety analysis models can be combined with elements of system development models to calculate a probabilistic worst-case execution time. This approach can be applied to systems that use mechanisms belonging to the area of fault tolerance, since such mechanisms are usually quantified in safety analyses to certify the system as being highly reliable or safe.
The work reported in this paper addresses the problem of structure-borne sound transmission between vibrating sources and ribbed-plate receiver structures. Vibrating sources, such as pumps, motors, fans, etc., transmit vibro-acoustic power, causing noise complaints by occupants in cars, trains, aircraft, buildings and/or material fatigue and damage. The transmission process is complicated in that sources transmit power through several contacts and by up to six components of excitation at each contact. The structure-borne sound power is a function of source activity, source mobility and receiver mobility, and all three quantities must be known to some degree. For non-homogeneous receiver structures, such as thin-plate cavity constructions or lightweight framed constructions, the sheathing plates are typically fastened to the framing members using bolts, screws or spot-welded joints. Hence the resulting system is a point-connected ribbed plate structure and the receiver mobility is expected to vary significantly with position. Since measured receiver data seldom is available for prediction purposes, a method of estimating the point and transfer mobility of point connected ribbed plates is required. In this paper, an approximate approach, based on substitution forces, is described. The model uses infinite beam and infinite plate behaviour as input quantities. Estimates of point and transfer mobility are compared with measured results using a timber joist floor construction as an example.
Zum Schutz gegen unzumutbare Belästigungen aus fremden Wohnbereichen werden in
DIN 4109
[
1
]
u.a. Anforderungen an die Trittschalldämmung von Trenndecken gestellt.
Diese Anforderungen können von heute üblichen Trenndeckenkonstruktion bei fehlerfre
i-
er Ausführung sowohl in Holzbauweise als auch in Massivbauwei
se problemlos eingeha
l-
ten werden. Dies spiegelt sich auch in Güteprüfungen am Bau wider. Dennoch wird die
Trittschallübertragung bei Umfragen unter den Bewohnern von Mehrfamilienhäusern
meist als die störendste Geräuschquelle genannt
[
2
]
,
[
16
]
.
Da der messtechnische Nachweis für die Anforderungen nach DIN 4109 mit einem Norm
-
Hammerwerk als Anregungsquelle durchgeführt wird, ist zunächst die Übereinstimmung
zwischen dem Ergebnis d
ieser Messung (dem bewerteten Norm
-
Trittschallpegel
L’
n,w
bzw.
L
n,w
) und dem subjektiven Empfinden des Bewohners bei der üblichen Anregung
durch Begehen der Decke zu hinterfragen. In Abschnitt 2 wird hierzu auf die Korrelation
zwischen dem subjektiven Emp
finden des Bewohners und dem nach DIN EN ISO 717
-
2
[
3
]
bewerteten Norm
-
Trittschallpegel eingegangen. Alternative Bewertungsverfahren, die
mit der Zielsetzung einer besseren Übereinstimmung zwischen Hammerwerksmessu
ng
und subjektivem Empfinden entwickelt wurden, werden in Abschnitt 3 gegenübergestellt.
In Abschnitt 4 werden daraus Zielwerte für die Bauteiloptimierung abgeleitet. Eine mögl
i-
che konstruktive Umsetzung wird in Abschnitt 5 vorgeschlagen.
Durch die geplante
Übernahme des europäisch harmonisierten Berechnungsve
r
fahrens
nach EN 12354 in die neue DIN 4109 werden für den Nachweis der Schalldämmung neue
Planungsdaten erforderlich. Neben den Planungsdaten für die direkte Übertragung des
Trennbauteils werden Daten f
ür die Stoßstellen zwischen Trennba
u
teil und flankierenden
Bauteilen benötigt. Die Erarbeitung dieser Planungsgrundlagen in Form von Bauteilkatal
o-
gen zeigte besonders bei Bauteilen in Holzbauweise deutliche Lücken für die Beurte
i
lung
der Stoßstellen und de
r daraus resultierenden Flankenübe
r
tragung auf. Um diese Lücken
zu schließen, wurden in den letzten Jahren von verschiedenen Stellen Untersuchungen v
o-
rangetrieben und veröffentlicht, deren Ergebnisse zur Prognose der Flanke
n
übertragung in
diesem Beitrag zu
sammengestellt und interpretiert werden. Über die Z
u
sammenstellung
hinaus werden die Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten durch elastische Entkopplungen der Sto
ß-
stellen untersucht und die Anwendbarkeit der Planung
s
daten durch Berechnungsbeispiele
überprüft. Hierbei
wird eine vereinfachte Berechnung mit Vernac
h
lässigung der gemischten
Übertragungswege (Fd, Df) der genaueren Berechnung gegenübe
r
gestellt.
Die Wohnungstrenndecke erfordert bei der Sanierung eine
besonders sorgfältige Planung. Hierbei ist es häufig erforder-
lich in das Tragsystem der Decke einzugreifen, so dass neben
den Schall- und Brandschutzanforderungen auch die Statik
der Decke zu überprüfen ist. Die vorhandenen Planungs-
grundlagen für den Schallschutznachweis von Holzbalken-
decken in Massivbauten sind in der derzeitigen Fassung der
DIN 4109 mit nur zwei Ausführungsbeispielen sehr lückenhaft.
Ebenso fehlen Planungsgrundlagen, die eine statische Er-
tüchtigung der Tragstruktur und dessen Auswirkungen auf
den Schallschutz der Decke berücksichtigen. Auch bezüglich
der Einschätzung der vorhandenen Luft- und Trittschalldäm-
mung einer Altbaudecke bestehen große Unsicherheiten.
Zur Ermittlung belastbarer Messdaten wurde deshalb im ift
Schallschutzzentrum ein Forschungsprojekt [Rabold u.a. 2008]
im Auftrag der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Holzforschung und
unter Begleitung der in der Sanierung tätigen Industriefirmen
durchgeführt.
In dieser Arbeit werden die heterogene Softwarelandschaft zur Verbesserung der Holzlogistik in einer einheitlichen Plattform integriert sowie die Auswirkungen der Softwares auf die Durchgängigkeit und Transparenz des Informationsflusses analysiert.
Es wird zunächst der Weg der Logistikkette vom Wald bis ins Werk näher betrachtet, anschließend wird auf diverse Informations- und Kommunikationsplattformen und -technologien eingegangen.
Nachfolgend wird anhand von praxisnahen Beispielen der Prozessablauf Wald-Werk kritisch betrachtet und eine Empfehlung für eine für die Forst- und Holzwirtschaft geeignete IuK-Plattform gegeben.
In dieser Arbeit werden zunächst die Facetten der Rundholztransportlogistik als Spezialgebiet der Verkehrslogistik sowie die derzeitige Tourenplanung beim Rundholztransport und damit der bestehende Handlungsbedarf von theoretischer Seite erörtert.
Mithilfe einer umfangreichen Expertenbefragung wird der praktische Handlungsbedarf zur Optimierung der gebrochenen Rundholzlogistik in Deutschland gestützt.
Nachfolgend werden sämtliche Einflussgrößen zur mathematischen Modellierung gelistet und näher betrachtet. Abschließend finden sich eine konkrete Handlungsempfehlung sowie ein umfassender Ausblick für das bearbeitete Themengebiet.
Comprehensive guide to the process and test methods used for electronic device failure analysis. Contains dozens of articles—contributed by industry experts—covering a wide range of topics involving the failure analysis of microelectronics. It places the most important and up-to-date information on this subject at your fingertips.
Topic coverage includes:
Failure Analysis Process Flow
Failure Verification
Failure Modes and Failure Classification
Special Devices (MEMS, Optoelectronics, Passives)
Fault Localization Techniques: Package Level (NDT)
Die Level (Depackaging, Photon Emission, Microthermography, Laser-Based Methods, Particle Beam Methods)
Deprocessing & Imaging Techniques: Deprocessing
General Imaging Techniques
Local Deprocessing & Imaging
Circuit Edit and Design Modification
Material Analysis Techniques
Reference Information: Important Topics for Semiconductor Devices
Failure Analysis Techniques Roadmap
Failure Analysis Operations and Management
Appendices: Failure Analysis Terms, Definitions, and Acronyms
Industry Standards
Untersuchungen zur Sprachverständlichkeit als raumakustischer Parameter von Mehrpersonenbüros
(2011)
We present a novel lecture browser that utilizes ranked key phrases displayed on a stream graph to overcome the shortcomings of traditional extractive (query-based) summaries. The system extracts key phrases from the ASR transcripts, performs an unsupervised ranking, and displays an initial number of phrases on the stream graph. This graph gives an intuition of when which key phrase is spoken, and how dominant it is throughout the lecture. The user can select the phrases to be displayed and furthermore adjust the ranking of the all phrases. All user interactions are logged to a server to improve the ranking algorithms and provide user specific rankings.
A growing number of universities offer recordings of lectures, seminars and talks in an online e-learning portal. However, the user is often not interested in the entire recording, but is looking for parts covering a certain topic. Usually, the user has to either watch the whole video or “zap” through the lecture and risk missing important details. We present an integrated web-based platform to help users find relevant sections within recorded lecture videos by providing them with a ranked list of key phrases. For a user-defined subset of these, a StreamGraph visualizes when important key phrases occur and how prominent they are at the given time. To come up with the best key phrase rankings, we evaluate three different key phrase ranking methods using lectures of different topics by comparing automatic with human rankings, and show that human and automatic rankings yield similar scores using Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG).
In this paper, we describe a new Java framework for an easy and efficient way of developing new GUI based speech processing applications. Standard components are provided to display the speech signal, the power plot, and the spectrogram. Furthermore, a component to create a new transcription and to display and manipulate an existing transcription is provided, as well as a component to display and manually correct external pitch values. These Swing components can be easily embedded into own Java programs. They can be synchronized to display the same region of the speech file. The object-oriented design provides base classes for rapid development of own components.
This paper focuses on the automatic detection of a person's blood level alcohol based on automatic speech processing approaches. We compare 5 different feature types with different ways of modeling. Experiments are based on the ALC corpus of IS2011 Speaker State Challenge. The classification task is restricted to the detection of a blood alcohol level above 0.5‰. Three feature sets are based on spectral observations: MFCCs, PLPs, TRAPS. These are modeled by GMMs. Classification is either done by a Gaussian classifier or by SVMs. In the later case classification is based on GMM-based supervectors, i.e. concatenation of GMM mean vectors. A prosodic system extracts a 292-dimensional feature vector based on a voiced-unvoiced decision. A transcription-based system makes use of text transcriptions related to phoneme durations and textual structure. We compare the stand-alone performances of these systems and combine them on score level by logistic regression. The best stand-alone performance is the transcriptionbased system which outperforms the baseline by 4.8% on the development set. A Combination on score level gave a huge boost when the spectral-based systems were added (73.6%). This is a relative improvement of 12.7% to the baseline. On the test-set we achieved an UA of 68.6% which is a significant improvement of 4.1% to the baseline system.
In this work we focus on speaker verification on channels of varying quality, namely Skype and high frequency (HF) radio. In our setup, we assume to have telephone recordings of speakers for training, but recordings of different channels for testing with varying (lower) signal quality. Starting from a Gaussian mixture / support vector machine (GMM/SVM) baseline, we evaluate multi-condition training (MCT), an ideal channel classification approach (ICC), and nuisance attribute projection (NAP) to compensate for the loss of information due to the transmission. In an evaluation on Switchboard-2 data using Skype and HF channel simulators, we show that, for good signal quality, NAP improves the baseline system performance from 5% EER to 3.33% EER (for both Skype and HF). For strongly distorted data, MCT or, if adequate, ICC turn out to be the method of choice.
Die Altbausanierung nimmt im gesamten Baubereich eine immer bedeutendere Stellung ein. Falls die geplanten Sanierungsmaßnahmen nicht unter den Bestandsschutz von Baudenkmälern fallen, sind die Anforderungen der zum Zeitpunkt der Sanierung baurechtlich eingeführten Normen zu berücksichtigen. Das Bauteil, das bei der Sanierung eine besonders sorgfältige Planung erfordert, ist die Wohnungstrenndecke, die in Altbauten häufig als Holzbalkendecke ausgeführt wurde. Die vorhandenen Planungsgrundlagen für den Schallschutznachweis von Holzbalkendecken sind sowohl in der Normung als auch in der Literatur sehr lückenhaft. Um bessere Planungsdaten zu erhalten, wurde deshalb am ift Rosenheim zunächst ein Forschungsvorhaben durchgeführt, in dem die Luft‐ und Trittschalldämmung typischer Altbaudecken und deren Verbesserungen durch unterschiedliche Sanierungsmaßnahmen unter Laborverhältnissen ohne Flankenübertragung untersucht wurden [1], [2]. In einem weiteren Forschungsvorhaben [3] wurde in Kooperation mit der Hochschule Rosenheim die Flankenübertragung bei unterschiedlichen Mauerwerkstypen und Deckeneinbindungen ermittelt. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt den Einfluss der Deckenkonstruktion auf die Schalldämmung und die Ermittlung der Planungswerte für die direkte Übertragung über die Decke. In einem noch folgenden zweiten Beitrag werden Planungsdaten für die Flankenübertragung bei Altbaukonstruktionen behandelt.
Messung von Körperschall - Nachhallzeiten inhomogener Strukturen am Beispiel einer Holzbalkendecke
(2011)
Körperschall-Nachhallzeiten sind für die Beschreibung des Energieflusses bei der Schallausbreitung in Gebäudestrukturen mitunter von besonderer Bedeutung. In der DIN EN ISO 10848-1 ist die Messung von Körperschall-Nachhallzeiten (homogener Strukturen) beschrieben. Im Rahmen einer Diplomarbeit wurde am Beispiel einer Holzbalkendecke untersucht, ob dieses einfache und praktikable Verfahren auch bei inhomogenen Strukturen mit akzeptabler Genauigkeit Anwendung finden kann. Dazu wurden unterschiedliche messtechnische Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Körperschall-Nachhallzeiten T angewandt und untereinander verglichen
Die Altbausanierung nimmt im gesamten Baubereich eine immer bedeutendere Stellung ein. Falls die geplanten Sanierungsmaßnahmen nicht unter den Bestandsschutz von Baudenkmälern fallen, sind die Anforderungen der zum Zeitpunkt der Sanierung baurechtlich eingeführten Normen zu berücksichtigen. Das Bauteil, das bei der Sanierung eine besonders sorgfältige Planung erfordert, ist die Wohnungstrenndecke, die in Altbauten häufig als Holzbalkendecke ausgeführt wurde. Die vorhandenen Planungsgrundlagen für den Schallschutznachweis von Holzbalkendecken sind sowohl in der Normung als auch in der Literatur sehr lückenhaft. Um bessere Planungsdaten zu erhalten, wurde deshalb am ift Rosenheim zunächst ein Forschungsvorhaben durchgeführt, in dem die Luft‐ und Trittschalldämmung typischer Altbaudecken und deren Verbesserungen durch unterschiedliche Sanierungsmaßnahmen unter Laborverhältnissen ohne Flankenübertragung untersucht wurden [1], [2]. In einem weiteren Forschungsvorhaben [3] wurde in Kooperation mit der Hochschule Rosenheim die Flankenübertragung bei unterschiedlichen Mauerwerkstypen und Deckeneinbindungen ermittelt. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt den Einfluss der Deckenkonstruktion auf die Schalldämmung und die Ermittlung der Planungswerte für die direkte Übertragung über die Decke. In einem noch folgenden zweiten Beitrag werden Planungsdaten für die Flankenübertragung bei Altbaukonstruktionen behandelt.
Objective: To identify candidate categories for International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Sets for the reporting and measurement of functioning in patients in early post-acute rehabilitation facilities.
Design: Prospective multi-centre cohort study.
Patients: Patients receiving rehabilitation interventions for musculoskeletal, neurological or cardiopulmonary injury or disease in early post-acute rehabilitation facilities.
Methods: Functioning was coded using the ICF. The criterion for selecting candidate categories for the ICF Core Sets was based on their ability to discriminate between patients with high or low functioning status. Discrimination was assessed using multivariable regression models, the independent variables being all of the ICF categories of the respective comprehensive ICF Core Set. Analogue ratings of overall functioning as reported by patients and health professionals were used as dependent variables.
Results: A total of 165 patients were included in the study (67 neurological, 37 cardiopulmonary, 61 musculoskeletal), mean age 67.5 years, 46.1% female. Selection yielded 38 categories for neurological, 32 for cardiopulmonary, and 31 for musculoskeletal.
Conclusion: The present selection of categories can be considered an initial proposal, serving to identify the issues most relevant for the assessment and monitoring of functioning in patients undergoing early post-acute rehabilitation for neurological, cardiopulmonary, and musculoskeletal conditions.
Objective: To identify candidate categories for International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Sets for the reporting and measurement of functioning in patients in early post-acute rehabilitation facilities.
Design: Prospective multi-centre cohort study.
Patients: Patients receiving rehabilitation interventions for musculoskeletal, neurological or cardiopulmonary injury or disease in early post-acute rehabilitation facilities.
Methods: Functioning was coded using the ICF. The criterion for selecting candidate categories for the ICF Core Sets was based on their ability to discriminate between patients with high or low functioning status. Discrimination was assessed using multivariable regression models, the independent variables being all of the ICF categories of the respective comprehensive ICF Core Set. Analogue ratings of overall functioning as reported by patients and health professionals were used as dependent variables.
Results: A total of 165 patients were included in the study (67 neurological, 37 cardiopulmonary, 61 musculoskeletal), mean age 67.5 years, 46.1% female. Selection yielded 38 categories for neurological, 32 for cardiopulmonary, and 31 for musculoskeletal.
Conclusion: The present selection of categories can be considered an initial proposal, serving to identify the issues most relevant for the assessment and monitoring of functioning in patients undergoing early post-acute rehabilitation for neurological, cardiopulmonary, and musculoskeletal conditions.
Objective: To identify candidate categories for International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Sets for the reporting and clinical measurement of functioning in older patients in early post-acute rehabilitation facilities.
Design: Prospective multi-centre cohort study. Patients: Older patients receiving rehabilitation interventions in early post-acute rehabilitation facilities.
Methods: Functioning was coded using the ICF. The criterion for selecting candidate categories for the brief ICF Core Sets was based on their ability to discriminate between patients with high or low functioning status. Discrimination was assessed using multivariable regression models, the independent variables being all of the ICF categories of the respective comprehensive ICF Core Set. Analogue ratings of overall functioning as reported by patients and health professionals were used as dependent variables.
Results: A total of 209 patients were included in the study, mean age 80.4 years, 67.0% female. Selection yielded a total of 29 categories for the functioning part and 9 categories for the contextual part of the ICF.
Conclusion: The present selection of categories can be considered an initial proposal, serving to identify the issues most relevant for the clinical assessment and monitoring of functioning in older patients undergoing early post-acute rehabilitation.
Objective: To identify goals of patients with rehabilitation needs in the acute hospital setting using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), to examine association of goal achievement with improvement in overall functioning, and to examine whether ICF Core Sets for the acute hospital cover patients goals.
Design: Multi-centre cohort study.
Patients: A total of 397 patients (50% female, mean age 63 years) from 5 hospitals in Austria, Switzerland and Germany. Methods: A semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess patient goals and goal achievement. Overall functioning from the patients' and health professionals' perspective was assessed on a numerical rating scale. Improvement in functioning was calculated using a residualized gain score. Association between goal achievement and improvement in overall functioning was assessed with logistic regression.
Results: A total of 397 patients reported achievement of at least 1 goal. Eighty-eight percent of the goals were translated into categories of the ICF. Logistic regression analyses revealed significant association between goal achievement and overall functioning.
Conclusion: The ICF might be useful to identify and structure patient's goals in acute hospital care. The association between goal achievement and improved functioning underlines that it is essential to involve the patient in the process of planning rehabilitation interventions in acute hospitals.
Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht, unter welchen Voraussetzungen Center-Strukturen im Krankenhaus zum Einsatz kommen können und wie diese auszugestalten sind. Dazu werden die spezifischen Anforderungen des Primär-, des Sekundär- und des Nichtmedizinischen Bereichs analysiert und darauf aufbauend Gestaltungsempfehlungen für alle drei Bereiche abgeleitet. Anschließend werden verschiedene Aspekte bezüglich der Steuerung der einzelnen dezentralen Center im Krankenhaus dargestellt und Hinweise für einen zielgerichteten Umgang mit ihnen in der Krankenhaus-Praxis gegeben.
Objective: To examine the relevance and completeness of the comprehensive International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Sets for patients with rehabilitation needs in acute hospital care.
Design: Multi-centre cohort study.
Patients: A total of 391 patients (50.1% female, mean age 63.4 years) from 4 university hospitals in Austria, Germany and Switzerland and one Austrian general hospital.
Methods: Data on functioning were collected using the respective comprehensive acute ICF Core Sets. Data were extracted from patients' medical record sheets and interviews with health professionals and patients.
Results: Most of the categories of the comprehensive ICF Core Sets describing impairments, limitations or restrictions occurred in a considerable proportion of the study population. The most outstanding limitations and restrictions of the patients were problems with sleep and blood vessel functions, walking and moving and self-care. Thirty-eight aspects of functioning not previously covered by the comprehensive ICF Core Sets were ranked as relevant.
Conclusion: Categories of the comprehensive ICF Core Sets for the acute hospital situation were confirmed. Some additional categories not covered by the Set in its present version emerged from the interviews, and should be considered for inclusion in a finalized version.
Objective: To identify candidate categories for brief International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Sets for the reporting and measurement of functioning in patients in the acute hospital.
Design: Prospective multi-centre cohort study.
Patients: Patients receiving rehabilitation interventions for musculoskeletal, neurological or cardiopulmonary injury or disease in acute hospitals.
Methods: Functioning and contextual factors were coded using the ICF. The criterion for selecting candidate categories for the brief ICF Core Sets was based on their ability to discriminate between patients with high or low functioning status. Discrimination was assessed using multivariable regression models, the independent variables being all of the ICF categories of the respective comprehensive ICF Core Set. Analogue ratings of overall functioning as reported by patients and health professionals were used as dependent variables.
Results: A total of 391 patients were included in the study (91 neurological, 109 cardiopulmonary, 191 musculoskeletal), mean age 63.4 years, 50.1% female. Selection yielded 33 categories for neurological, 31 for cardiopulmonary, and 30 for musculoskeletal.
Conclusion: The present selection of categories can be considered an initial proposal, serving to identify the ICF categories most relevant for the practical assessment and monitoring of functioning in patients with acute neurological, cardiopulmonary, and musculoskeletal conditions.
Oh Trockenbau
(2011)
Objectives: Instruments to assess functioning in patients with FM vary considerably in their content and are often symptom‐specific. This study aimed to examine whether it is feasible to construct a psychometric‐sound clinical instrument to measure functioning in FM based on the Brief ICF‐Core‐Set for chronic widespread pain (CWP).
Methods: Two hundred and fifty six people with FM completed the Brief ICF‐Core‐Set. The Rasch model was used for analysis. Once ordering of response options of ICF categories was ensured, the following properties were studied: fit of the ICF categories to the Rasch model, the targeting between ICF categories and a person’s abilities, unidimensionality, and reliability.
Results: Six ICF categories were rescored due to disordered thresholds. Five ICF categories were removed due to high model‐misfit and differential item functioning (DIF) for gender. Scores from 46 participants were excluded due to extreme scores. The ICF categories included display consistency with an underlying unidimensional construct, are free of DIF for age, disease duration and gender, display excellent overall reliability, and cover a range of functioning difficulties.
Conclusions: This study illustrates that it is possible to measure functioning as a unidimensional construct based on selected ICF categories from the components body functions, as well as activities and participation of the Brief ICF‐Core‐Set for CWP in patients with FM.
Background
Multimorbidity in the older population is well acknowledged to negatively affect health-related quality of life (HRQL). Several studies have examined the independent effects of single diseases; however, little research has focused on interaction between diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of six self-reported major conditions and their combinations on HRQL measured by the EQ-5D.
Methods
The EQ-5D was administered in the population-based KORA-Age study of 4,565 Germans aged 65 years or older. A generalised additive regression model was used to assess the effects of chronic conditions on HRQL and to account for the nonlinear associations with age and body mass index (BMI). Disease interactions were identified by a forward variable selection method.
Results
The conditions with the greatest negative impact on the EQ-5D index were the history of a stroke (regression coefficient -11.3, p < 0.0001) and chronic bronchitis (regression coefficient -8.1, p < 0.0001). Patients with both diabetes and coronary disorders showed more impaired HRQL than could be expected from their separate effects (coefficient of interaction term -8.1, p < 0.0001). A synergistic effect on HRQL was also found for the combination of coronary disorders and stroke. The effect of BMI on the mean EQ-5D index was inverse U-shaped with a maximum at around 24.8 kg/m2.
Conclusions
There are important interactions between coronary problems, diabetes mellitus, and the history of a stroke that negatively affect HRQL in the older German population. Not only high but also low BMI is associated with impairments in health status.
Background
Multimorbidity in the older population is well acknowledged to negatively affect health-related quality of life (HRQL). Several studies have examined the independent effects of single diseases; however, little research has focused on interaction between diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of six self-reported major conditions and their combinations on HRQL measured by the EQ-5D.
Methods
The EQ-5D was administered in the population-based KORA-Age study of 4,565 Germans aged 65 years or older. A generalised additive regression model was used to assess the effects of chronic conditions on HRQL and to account for the nonlinear associations with age and body mass index (BMI). Disease interactions were identified by a forward variable selection method.
Results
The conditions with the greatest negative impact on the EQ-5D index were the history of a stroke (regression coefficient -11.3, p < 0.0001) and chronic bronchitis (regression coefficient -8.1, p < 0.0001). Patients with both diabetes and coronary disorders showed more impaired HRQL than could be expected from their separate effects (coefficient of interaction term -8.1, p < 0.0001). A synergistic effect on HRQL was also found for the combination of coronary disorders and stroke. The effect of BMI on the mean EQ-5D index was inverse U-shaped with a maximum at around 24.8 kg/m2.
Conclusions
There are important interactions between coronary problems, diabetes mellitus, and the history of a stroke that negatively affect HRQL in the older German population. Not only high but also low BMI is associated with impairments in health status.