Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Conference Proceeding (649)
- Contribution to a Periodical (418)
- Article (peer reviewed) (382)
- Part of a Book (176)
- Other (118)
- Book (85)
- Report (79)
- Doctoral Thesis (24)
- Working Paper (20)
- Journal (Komplette Ausgabe eines Zeitschriftenheftes, eines Zeitschriftenjahrgangs oder einer Reihe) (6)
Language
- German (1140)
- English (818)
- Multiple languages (3)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (1961) (remove)
Keywords
- Schallmesstechnik (85)
- Holzbau (69)
- FVK (59)
- Trockenbau (41)
- Kita-Management (29)
- HolzLeichtBau (26)
- Holzmassivbau (26)
- ICF (20)
- Körperschall (20)
- Speech Recognition (18)
Institute
- Fakultät für Angewandte Gesundheits- und Sozialwissenschaften (415)
- Fakultät für Angewandte Natur- und Geisteswissenschaften (236)
- Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften (231)
- Fakultät für Holztechnik und Bau (215)
- Fakultät für Informatik (148)
- Fakultät für Betriebswirtschaft (107)
- Zentrum für Forschung, Entwicklung und Transfer (80)
- Fakultät für Chemische Technologie und Wirtschaft (44)
- Fakultät für Sozialwissenschaften (38)
- Forschung und Entwicklung (31)
Within the framework of a research focus at the TH Rosenheim on prediction methods for sound and impact sound insulation in timber constructions, methods of mathematical statistics and artificial intelligence are applied to sound insulation. To estimate the potential of those methods, one-third octave band spectra of measured sound insulation of sand-lime brickwork have been analyzed first. On selected data sets for certain building constructions, physically based calculation approaches according to the \backslashDIN{} series of standards, are compared with purely statistical methods such as GAMLSS (Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape Parameters). The parameters derived from these procedures can be used for prediction purposes. The interval estimators resulting from these methods are compared. In addition, methods to classify the separating construction based on measurements are discussed. Thereby, in situ, measurements are used in addition to laboratory measurements.
Der Artikel behandelt die Nachweisführung zum Feuerwiderstand von Mauerwerks-Bauteilen. Es werden die möglichen bauaufsichtlichen Anforderungen an Standsicherheit und/oder Raumabschluss im Brandfall, die mögliche Nachweisführung über Bauarten als technische Baubestimmungen oder Bauarten mit Anwendbarkeitsnachweis, die Zuordnung der bauaufsichtlichen Anforderungen zu den Leistungsangaben in den Nachweisen und die Grundlagen der brandschutztechnischen Bemessung von Mauerwerksbauteilen diskutiert.
Ideenwerkstatt: KI in der Hochschullehre - Persona-Konzept mit bildgebender KI in der Vorlesung
(2024)
Beitrag zur Ideenwerkstatt Hochschullehre der Virtuellen Hochschule Bayern (VHB) zum Themenkomplex "KI in der Hochschullehre". Gegenstan des Beitrages ist die Verwendung bildgebender KI im unmittelbaren Unterrichtsgeschehen in dem ein Persona-Konzept (Design-Thinking) durch ein KI-generiertes Porträt persönlicher und wirksamer wird. Die Veranstaltung fand am 29.02.2024 online im Rahmen des bundesweiten Projekts "Konzertierte Weiterbildungen zu künstlicher Intelligenz in der Hochschullehre" des Netzwerks Landeseinrichtungen für digitale Hochschullehre (NeL) statt und wurde von der Stiftung Innovation in der Hochschullehre gefördert. Das Video kann auch auf Youtube abgerufen werden: https://youtu.be/JCaUWryiEjs
Previous work has indicated that testing can enhance memory for subsequently studied new information by reducing proactive interference from previously studied information. Here, we examined this forward testing effect in children’s spatial memory. Kindergartners (5–6 years) and younger (7–8 years) and older (9–10 years) elementary school children studied four successively presented 3 x 3 arrays, each composed of the same 9 objects. The children were asked to memorize the locations of the objects that differed across the four arrays. Following presentation of each of the first three arrays, memory for the object locations of the respective array was tested (testing condition) or the array was re-presented for additional study (restudy condition). Results
revealed that testing Arrays 1 to 3 enhanced children’s object location memory for Array 4 relative to restudying. Moreover, children in the testing condition were less likely to confuse Array 4 locations with previous locations, suggesting that testing reduces the buildup of proactive interference. Both effects were found regardless of age. Thus, the current findings indicate that testing is an effective means to resolve proactive interference and, in this way, to enhance children’s learning and remembering of spatial information even before the time of school entry.
The variation of the contact impedance of adhesive conductive EMI shielding tapes under high temperature storage (HTS) of 110degC is investigated. The adhesive tapes under test are implemented as signal return paths in microstrip lines. Changes in the ground plane impedance by adhesive deterioration are analyzed by S-parameter measurements from 1MHz to 3GHz. A circuit model for contact impedance degradation is proposed and applied in simulation of board level shielding. Contact resistance and contact capacitance are found to increase significantly after 2400h, causing a declined magnetic field shielding effectiveness by 30 dB below 500 MHz.
Kinder brauchen Bindung
(2024)
Eine stabile, sichere Bindung zwischen Kindern und ihren Bezugspersonen, seien es Mutter, Vater, Großeltern oder pädagogische Fachkräfte, ist grundlegend für ihre Entwicklung. Welche Faktoren für eine sichere Bindungsbeziehung ausschlaggebend sind und wie Bezugspersonen die Grundbedürfnisse nach Beziehung, Bindung und Kontrolle in den ersten Lebensjahren erfüllen können, zeigt das Buch: Wie gehe ich feinfühlig mit meinem Kind um, das noch nicht sprechen kann? Kann sich der Vater genauso gut um einen Säugling kümmern wie die Mutter? Schadet eine Betreuung in der Krippe? Der Band bietet Grundlagenwissen aus der internationalen Entwicklungsforschung sowie Beispiele und Reflexionsimpulse für die Umsetzung im Erziehungsalltag. Abgeschlossen wird er mit einer Übersicht zu bindungstheoretischen Präventionsprogrammen in Familienbildung und Frühen Hilfen.
Generalized Ng–Kundu–Chan model of adaptive progressive Type-II censoring and related inference
(2024)
The model of adaptive progressive Type-II censoring introduced by Ng et al. (2009) (referred to as Ng–Kundu–Chan model) is extended to allow switching from a given initial censoring plan to any arbitrary given plan of the same length. In this generalized model, the joint distribution of the failure times and the corresponding likelihood function is derived. It is illustrated that the computation of maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimates are along the same lines as for standard progressive Type-II censoring. However, the distributional properties of the estimators will usually be different since the censoring plan actually applied in the (generalized) Ng–Kundu–Chan model is random. As already mentioned in Cramer and Iliopoulos (2010), we directly show that the normalized spacings are independent and identically exponentially distributed. However, it turns out that the spacings themselves are generally dependent with mixtures of exponential distributions as marginals. These results are used to study linear estimators. Finally, we propose an algorithm for generating random numbers in the generalized Ng–Kundu–Chan model and present some simulation results. The results obtained also provide new findings in the original Ng–Kundu–Chan model; the corresponding implications are highlighted.
In any dimension d≥2, there is no known example of a low-discrepancy sequence which possesses Poisssonian pair correlations. This is in some sense rather surprising, because low-discrepancy sequences always have β-Poissonian pair correlations for all 0<β<1/d and are therefore arbitrarily close to having Poissonian pair correlations (which corresponds to the case β=1/d). In this paper, we further elaborate on the closeness of the two notions. We show that d-dimensional Kronecker sequences for badly approximable vectors α→ with an arbitrary small uniformly distributed stochastic error term generically have β=1/d-Poissonian pair correlations.
Organizational mining, a sub-discipline of process mining, introduced social networks based on business processes. However, process mining has only half-heartedly pursued this line of development. In particular, the well-founded results of interdisciplinary social network analysis have hardly been taken up.
This article shows how the explanation and design of the phenomenon "organization" can benefit from the further development of this network view of business processes. To this end, the basic idea of social process networks is presented and the current state of research is outlined. Furthermore, social networks are presented as a new component of organization design. An interesting, far-reaching new field of research is expected.
This paper presents three novel findings that could be the starting point for further research, but can also be used in practice today.
This study investigates for the first time how public charging infrastructure usage differs under the presence of diverse pricing models. About 3 million charging events from different European countries were classified according to five different pricing models (cost-free, flat-rate, time-based, energy-based, and mixed) and evaluated using various performance indicators such as connection duration; transferred energy volumes; average power; achievable revenue; and the share of charging and idle time for AC, DC, and HPC charging infrastructure. The study results show that the performance indicators differed for the classified pricing models. In addition to the quantitative comparison of the performance indicators, a Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance and a pairwise comparison using the Mann–Whitney-U test were used to show that the data distributions of the defined pricing models were statistically significantly different. The results are discussed from various perspectives on the efficient design of public charging infrastructure. The results show that time-based pricing models can improve the availability of public charging infrastructure, as the connection duration per charging event can be roughly halved compared to other pricing models. Flat-rate pricing models and AC charging infrastructure can support the temporal shift of charging events, such as shifting demand peaks, as charging events usually have several hours of idle time per charging process. By quantifying various performance indicators for different charging technologies and pricing models, the study is relevant for stakeholders involved in the development and operation of public charging infrastructure.
In der Diskussion um bezahlbares Bauen werden aktuell die Standards im Wohnungsbau hinterfragt, darunter auch die Schallschutzanforderungen. Die Wahrnehmung von Schallschutz ist subjektiv und wird von verschiedenen Faktoren wie Alter und individuellen Empfindlichkeiten beeinflusst. Nachbarschaftslärm kann zu Schlafstörungen und Belästigungen führen, während Verkehrslärm nachweislich Gesundheitsprobleme verursacht. Das Konzept „Einfach Bauen“ zielt darauf ab, das Bauen zu vereinfachen und nachhaltiger zu gestalten. Drei Forschungshäuser, die diesem Konzept folgen, wurden auf Schallschutz überprüft. Dabei erfüllten Wohnungstrennwände und -decken die Anforderungen. Die Untersuchung der Bewohnerzufriedenheit durch Befragungen in diesen Häusern zeigt, dass die Wahrnehmung von Lärm stark variiert. Die Zufriedenheit wird durch die Kommunikation mit den Nachbarn beeinflusst. Das Fallbeispiel verdeutlicht, dass Schallschutzanforderungen oft nicht den individuellen Lärmempfinden gerecht werden, da nicht-akustische Faktoren eine starke Rolle spielen. Die Erwartung eines reduzierten Schallschutzes bei „Einfach Bauen“ kann zu Fehlvorstellungen führen, wie der Auszug von Bewohnern aus Schallschutzgründen zeigt. Die derzeitigen Mindestanforderungen an den Schallschutz erweisen sich für sehr empfindsame Menschen als unzureichend. Es ist wichtig, dass die Bewohner über den zu erwartenden Schallschutz informiert werden, um ein harmonisches Zusammenleben zu ermöglichen.
Dieser Beitrag konzentriert sich auf Methoden der Praxisanleitung. Da im deutschsprachigen Raum eine Tendenz zur Methodeneinseitigkeit bzw. zur schwerpunktmäßigen Anwendung der Instruktion anzutreffen ist, wird zunächst pflegedidaktisch der Bedarf nach einem Methodenmix sowie der Bedarf nach Methoden zur Förderung selbständigen Problemlösens begründet. Dann wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche Methoden für die Praxisanleitung im deutschsprachigen Raum und international in der Literatur beschrieben werden. Diese werden jeweils in einem Mehrebenenmodell der Methodik systematisiert und verglichen. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden pflegedidaktische Forschungsdesiderate und weitere Empfehlungen formuliert, um die Praxisanleitung im deutschsprachigen Raum methodisch weiterzuentwickeln und dadurch Lernende bestmöglich für die professionelle Bewältigung der Anforderungen pflegerischer Praxis vorzubereiten.
This research examines the potential outputs, outcomes, and impacts of the German Act on Corporate Due Diligence Obligations in Supply Chains (LkSG) on the smallholder cocoa farmers in West Africa. The study primarily relies on a literature review and an impact pathway to conduct a systematic analysis to identify the potential effects of the LkSG on smallholder cocoa farmers. The findings indicate that some, but not all of the risks addressed by the LkSG align with those faced by smallholder cocoa farmers and their families. Additionally, the research also reveals weaknesses, particularly in managing environmental risks, which the LkSG does not adequately cover. Our findings show that in the short- and medium-term, the LkSG has no potential effects on smallholder cocoa farmers. Furthermore, the potential positive impacts of the law on smallholder cocoa farmers will take a long time to realize, as the LkSG considers primarily tier-1 suppliers. Companies in Germany might reassess their supply chains to strive for an LkSG-risk-free supply chain, which could in the long term have sustained impacts on smallholder cocoa farmers. However, we recommend a comprehensive risk analysis of the cocoa supply chain to enhance the human rights of cocoa farmers.
Dieses Buch bietet Studierenden über 80 Übungsaufgaben und fünf Fallstudien inklusive ausführlicher Lösungen zu ausgewählten Themen der Produktionswirtschaft und Industrie 4.0. Jedes Kapitel enthält eine kurze Einleitung sowie zu erreichende Lernziele. Querverweise auf das Lehrbuch „Produktionswirtschaft“ von Kellner/Lienland/Lukesch erleichtern das Selbststudium und ermöglichen eine optimale Prüfungsvorbereitung. Die 3. Auflage wurde redigiert und um neue Rechenaufgaben sowie eine weitere Fallstudie zum Themenbereich Industrie 4.0 ergänzt.
Eine Lernortkooperation (LOK) kann die Lehr-Lern-Prozesse in der Pflegebildung verbessern (vgl. Briese 2018: 7). Allerdings besteht eine LOK nicht nur aus dem theoretischen und den praktischen Lernorten, sondern auch aus übergreifenden Lernorten, wie beispielsweise der sogenannte dritte Lernort. Um die LOK zu stärken und ein gemeinsames Bildungsver-ständnis zu erlangen, möchten wir die Methode der Fallbesprechung nutzen. Anhand dieser Methode stellen wir pflegedidaktische Überlegungen an, wie eine zielgruppengerechte Umsetzung auf allen Ebenen der LOK - Information, Abstimmung und Kooperation (vgl. Dehnbostel 2022: 97) - gelingen könnte.
Stirring is used for mass and heat transfer, particle suspending or similar processes. It is commonly conducted in a steady operation mode. This paper targets on performing the stirring process dynamically by reversing the rotation direction to introduce additional turbulences and hence accelerating the dispersing processes. The power introduced into the fluid as well as mixing kinetics performing dynamic mixing were studied based on the rotational acceleration, blade pitch angle, liquid volume and duration of the rotational speed direction interval for a vessel equipped with a turbine agitator with and without baffles. Experiments show that baffles are not necessary if reverse mixing is performed at a specific frequency.
Environmental pollution by plastics is a global issue of increasing concern. However, microplastic analysis in complex environmental matrices, such as soil samples, remains an analytical challenge. Destructive mass-based methods for microplastic analysis do not determine plastics’ shape and size, which are essential parameters for reliable ecological risk assessment. By contrast, nondestructive particle-based methods produce such data but require elaborate, time-consuming sample preparation. Thus, time-efficient and reliable methods for microplastic analysis are needed. The present study explored the potential of frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FD-FLIM) for rapidly and reliably identifying as well as differentiating plastics and natural materials from terrestrial environments. We investigated the fluorescence spectra of ten natural materials from terrestrial environments, tire wear particles, and eleven different transparent plastic granulates <5 mm to determine the optimal excitation wavelength for identification and differentiation via FD-FLIM under laboratory conditions. Our comparison of different excitation wavelengths showed that 445 nm excitation exhibited the highest fluorescence intensities. 445 nm excitation was also superior for identifying plastic types and distinguishing them from natural materials from terrestrial environments with a high probability using FD-FLIM. We could demonstrate that FD-FLIM analysis has the potential to contribute to a streamlined and time-efficient direct analysis of microplastic contamination. However, further investigations on size-, shape-, color-, and material-type detection limitations are necessary to evaluate if the direct identification of terrestrial environmental samples of relatively low complexity, such as a surface inspection soil, is possible.
Microplastic pollution of the environment has been extensively studied, with recent studies focusing on the prevalence of microplastics in the environment and their effects on various organisms. Identification methods that simplify the extraction and analysis process to the point where the extraction can be omitted are being investigated, thus enabling the direct identification of microplastic particles. Currently, microplastic samples from environmental matrices can only be identified using time-consuming extraction, sample processing, and analytical methods. Various spectroscopic methods are currently employed, such as micro Fourier-transform infrared, attenuated total reflectance, and micro Raman spectroscopy. However, microplastics in environmental matrices cannot be directly identified using these spectroscopic methods. Investigations using frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FD-FLIM) to identify and differentiate plastics from environmental materials have yielded promising results for directly identifying microplastics in an environmental matrix. Herein, two artificially prepared environmental matrices that included natural soil, grass, wood, and high-density polyethylene were investigated using FD-FLIM. Our first results showed that we successfully identified one plastic type in the two artificially prepared matrices using FD-FLIM. However, further research must be conducted to improve the FD-FLIM method and explore its limitations for directly identifying microplastics in environmental samples.
This research examines the potential outputs, outcomes, and impacts of the German Act on Corporate Due Diligence Obligations in Supply Chains (LkSG) on the smallholder cocoa farmers in West Africa. The study primarily relies on a literature review and an impact pathway to conduct a systematic analysis to identify the potential effects of the LkSG on smallholder cocoa farmers. The findings indicate that some, but not all of the risks addressed by the LkSG align with those faced by smallholder cocoa farmers and their families. Additionally, the research also reveals weaknesses, particularly in managing environmental risks, which the LkSG does not adequately cover. Our findings show that in the short- and medium-term, the LkSG has no potential effects on smallholder cocoa farmers. Furthermore, the potential positive impacts of the law on smallholder cocoa farmers will take a long time to realize, as the LkSG considers primarily tier-1 suppliers. Companies in Germany might reassess their supply chains to strive for an LkSG-risk-free supply chain, which could in the long term have sustained impacts on smallholder cocoa farmers. However, we recommend a comprehensive risk analysis of the cocoa supply chain to enhance the human rights of cocoa farmers.
A reinforcement of concrete structures is needed because of the low tensile strength of concrete. Corrosion of the usually used steel reinforcments cause issues during time. Therfore, alternative reinforcements produced from non-corosive materials - like polymer fibers - become more interesting. A polymer fiber has to reach high mechanical properties and a good bonding ability to concrete. Both properties can be influenced by the selection of polymer and the used production process. Two polymers, polypropylene and aliphatic polyketone are tested within this study. First mono-material fibers of each material are produced and tested, later the materials are combined in a core-shell fiber. All fibers are produced by standard extrusion or coextrusion and a later drawing process. The mechanical properties are determined by tensile tests. The calculation of interfacial shear strength from single fiber pull-out tests allows an evaluation of the bonding ability. Additionally, fiber surface before and after pull-out is examined using reflected light microscopy. Contact angle measurements are done to evaluate possible influences of the surface energy and polarity. Density measurements are used to compare weight potential of the different mono-material and core-shell fibers. The results show good mechanical properties for all fiber materials. The interfacial shear strength is ≈ 2-3 times higher for fibers with polyketone compared to the ones with polypropylene at the fibers surface, which can be explained by higher surface energy and polarity of the polyketone compared to polypropylene and different surface deformation during pull-out. Lower densities are reached by fibers containing polypropylene.
Dieses Buch bietet Studierenden über 80 Übungsaufgaben und fünf Fallstudien inklusive ausführlicher Lösungen zu ausgewählten Themen der Produktionswirtschaft und Industrie 4.0. Jedes Kapitel enthält eine kurze Einleitung sowie zu erreichende Lernziele. Querverweise auf das Lehrbuch „Produktionswirtschaft“ von Kellner/Lienland/Lukesch erleichtern das Selbststudium und ermöglichen eine optimale Prüfungsvorbereitung. Die 3. Auflage wurde redigiert und um neue Rechenaufgaben sowie eine weitere Fallstudie zum Themenbereich Industrie 4.0 ergänzt.
Driven by increasing customer demands, manufacturing processes encompass increasingly intricate workflows. The industry relies on computer-aided process planning software to effectively manage the intricacies of these complex manufacturing processes. This software is crucial to analyze computer-aided design data for a product and determining the required machining steps. However, a notable challenge arises, particularly in the case of custom products, where the machining steps can significantly vary depending on the available machinery and the employees' preferences.This study introduces a configurable automated feature recognition framework based on expert knowledge. Experts can encode their insights and expertise within this framework using a configurable synthetic data generator. Modern graph neural networks learn from the data generated by this data generator, achieving an average recognition accuracy up to 80% (F1-score) with a runtime performance of 21.98 milliseconds per model. Importantly, it accomplishes this even when confronted with highly intersecting machining features without requiring data conversion into alternative formats, such as voxel or pixel representations.
In the following article, we construct an interaction model of general language change. This contributes in particular to quantitative studies on reversible language change initiated by G. Altmann by adding explanatory character in tracing global features of general language change back to the individual interaction of speakers. Although the corresponding coupled differential equations are (presumably) non-integrable, we use methods from the theory of dynamical systems to deduce the long-term behaviour (depending on four interaction parameters) of the model for any given initial constellation of speakers. Subsequent numerical analysis of real data on language change is used to justify the relevance of the constructed model for the practicing quantitative linguist. We show how data-fitting methods can be used to determine the four interaction parameters and predict from them the long-term behaviour of the system, i.e. if complete language change or reversible language change will take place.
In the 1990s, China implemented educational reforms to expand access to education. However, the focus on neoliberal ideologies and educational success has led to significant social implications in the context of social strata. As a result, students now face pressure to perform in the educational system to achieve success and therefore social upward mobility. Families encourage their children to pursue education as a means of social advancement, and this has become a defining feature of Chinese society to have or not have social quality (suzhi). In this presentation, I will discuss how this focus on education impacts the social upward mobility and biographical orientations of elite students in China. I will discuss social mobility and stratification through the lens of habitus theory. According to P. Bourdieu, this theoretical perspective suggests that achievement in the context of social mobility is not solely dependent on economic capital but also on cultural capital. Biographically, this is highly interesting, as families represent the essential point of reference for educational decisions and impact making. Families play a crucial role in shaping educational decisions and aspirations; if individuals lack the necessary economic, social and cultural capital, they may seek opportunities in transnational contexts as a form of outsourcing and even biographical illusion.
A mechanically tunable planar single-turn inductor in air is proposed. The bistable flexible deflection of axially compressed wire segments is used for variation of the loop area of regular polygonal loop inductors. We present analytical expressions for the loop inductance and confirm the theoretical findings by magneto-quasi-static field simulation on exemplary polygonal circuits.
Die Gärtnerei Demmel in dem knapp 3.000 Einwohner großen Ort Seeshaupt am Starnberger See blickt auf eine über 100-jährige Geschichte zurück. 1902 gegründet, wird das Unternehmen in Familienbesitz von drei Generationen betrieben. 2002 wurde die Gärtnerei an einen langjährigen Mitarbeiter verpachtet, doch 2020 endete die Pacht, um das Gelände weiterentwickeln zu können. Studierende des 3. Semesters Architektur entwickeln Vorschläge für eine Revitalisierung des Geländes. Die Aufgabe ist der Entwurf eines neuen Gebäudes im Eingangsbereich. Es markiert den Zugang zum Gelände und steht beispielhaft für die Verbindung von Tradition und Moderne. Das Konzept basiert auf den suffizienten Prinzipien von „Einfach Bauen“: der Reduktion auf das Wesentliche und dem Verzicht auf alles Überflüssige.
Zielsetzung
Zur Stärkung der gesundheitlichen Resilienz der Bevölkerung in Deutschland soll der öffentliche Gesundheitsdienst (ÖGD) neu strukturiert werden. Die Prävention nicht-übertragbarer Erkrankungen soll am Bundesinstitut für Prävention und Aufklärung in der Medizin angesiedelt werden, in dem auch die Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung aufgeht, während das Robert Koch-Institut für Infektionskrankheiten zuständig bleibt. Vor diesem Hintergrund soll durch den Vergleich von Ländern mit einer guten präventiven Versorgung untersucht werden, welche Strukturen und Maßnahmen für die Impfprävention förderlich sind.
Material & Methoden
Durch eine systematische Literaturrecherche wurden Länder mit hohen Impfquoten gegen Influenza identifiziert. Für den Ländervergleich wurden ein staatliches Gesundheitssystem sowie je eines mit sozialem bzw. privatem Krankenversicherungssystem herangezogen. Die Organisation der Public Health-Institutionen, ihre Aufgaben, Maßnahmen und Effizienz bei der Versorgung mit Schutzimpfungen wurden in dem jeweiligen Land analysiert und miteinander verglichen.
Ergebnisse
Großbritannien (GB), die Niederlande (NL) und die USA wurden in den Vergleich auf Grund ihrer Impfquoten gegen Influenza (81%, 73,%, 73% (OECD 2023)) eingeschlossen. In diesen Ländern unterstehen die Behörden dem nationalen Gesundheitsministerium, wobei sie in NL und den USA weisungsungebunden sind. In GB sind die Zuständigkeiten für infektiöse und nicht-infektiöse Erkrankungen auf zwei Behörden verteilt. Deutliche Unterschiede sind zwischen den Gesundheitssystemen in GB und NL und dem System der USA bei der Durchführung von Präventionsmaßnahmen erkennbar: Die starke Vernetzung zwischen dem ÖGD und der medizinischen Primärversorgung in GB und NL, Maßnahmen wie die Implementierung von Impfregistern, der Versand von Einladungen und Erinnerungen (NL) oder der „No-Reply-SMS-Service“ mit angeschlossenem digitalen Terminmanagement (GB) ermöglichen eine bürgernahe und gezielte Information über Impfungen. In der föderalen Struktur der USA liegt die Verantwortung für den Gesundheitsschutz zum Teil bei den Bundesstaaten bzw. den Bürgern. Die Aufgaben der Bundesbehörde beschränkt sich auf die Überwachung von Erkrankungen, der Gesundheitsdatenanalyse, Entwicklung von Präventionsstrategien und Durchführung von Aufklärungskampagnen.
Zusammenfassung und Diskussion
Aus der Organisationsform der Gesundheitsbehörden lässt sich der Erfolg von Impfmaßnahmen in den untersuchten Ländern nicht ableiten. Vielmehr scheinen der Grad der Zusammenarbeit der Akteure, die Verfügbarkeit von Surveillancedaten, die wirksame Aufklärung der Bevölkerung sowie die klare Zuweisung von Verantwortlichkeiten eine wesentliche Rolle zu spielen.
An underrepresentation of women in executive positions has persisted for decades. This paper aims to analyze the financial impact of women in executive positions in German companies by examining the economic value added and exploring the effects of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors and female supervisory board members on female board members. The results indicate that in the 200 largest German companies, the share of female executives increased between 2018 and 2022. Regardless of industry, female executives started at very low levels at around 4% in 2018; in 2022, this figure reached around 11%. Thereby, the financial sector showed the highest share of female executives at around 14% in 2022, and the industrial sector at around 9%. A closer look reveals that large companies have higher shares of female executives than smaller companies. Large companies show an average of 17% compared to small ones, and in 2022, only 8%. There is a positive correlation between the share of female supervisory board members and female executives, arguing that female supervisory board members seem to hire more female executives. Companies with more female executives tend to have lower ESG controversy scores, and companies with more female executives, measured by the economic value added, perform better financially than companies with few or no women. Companies with female executives show about 2 percentage points higher economic value added than those with the lowest share of females (no or few female executives). Thus, it seems that female executives matter and make a difference in companies.
As generative AI (GenAI) becomes increasingly integrated into the professional workplace, offering significant productivity gains according to emerging research evidence, professionals and students need to build competencies to thrive in this new environment. In higher education, curricula must incorporate GenAI literacy to help students engage with this important and evolving technology. This research introduces results from a mixed-method study conducted among organisational practitioners, with the goal of creating an understanding of GenAI literacy needs across broad organisational contexts. We develop a Diamond Model of GenAI literacy for higher education to support curricular transformations needed to help students entering the GenAI-infused workplace. The suggested Diamond Model advocates for refining educational approaches to equip graduates with the capabilities to apply GenAI, maintain accountability, ensure authenticity and exercise agency in GenAI-driven workplaces.