TY - GEN A1 - List, Manuela A1 - Köck, Maximilian T1 - CO2 direct electrolysis to green ethylene „CODE“ N2 - In 2019, approximately 810 million tons of CO2 were emitted in Germany, with the industrial sector alone accounting for 187 million tons [1]. An important goal is to achieve a comprehensive and sustainable use of CO2 sourced from waste gas (e.g. from cement production or wood gasification) as a raw material for the production of chemical base materials as an alternative to traditional fossil fuels. Using a new direct electrolysis method is an innovative and sustainable way of producing green ethylene. This process can create regional value chains, starting from reducing CO2 emissions, by sequestering it in sustainably produced ethylene, at local companies to utilizing the non-fossil raw materials for the chemical industry. The by-products, such as CO and hydrogen, also play a crucial role for further applications and processing. The process is based on a chemical redox reaction within an electrolysis cell. CO2 is reduced at the cathode, producing CO and other by-products such as hydrogen and ethylene, while water is oxidized at the anode, resulting in the production of oxygen. The resulting gas stream on the cathode side is separated, focusing on achieving a high yield and purity of ethylene. Various distillation and membrane technology processes can be used for this purpose. All gaseous and liquid products from the electrochemical cell are subjected to continuous analysis, largely carried out using a gas analyzer, gas chromatograph, and NMR. This decarbonization initiative not only helps to reduce carbon emissions, but also enables the environmentally friendly production of chemical base materials. KW - electrolysis KW - ethylene KW - carbon dioxide KW - product gas processing Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - GEN A1 - List, Manuela A1 - Maurischat, Jan T1 - Extraction of Protein-Based Biopolymers from Algae and Food Byproducts N2 - Protein-based biopolymers extracted from food by- and waste products, as well as algae offer an advantageous route to mitigate the influence of non-degradable plastics in the environment. This study focuses on the extraction of biopolymers from various algae species (Gracilaria spinuligeria., Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa, and Spirulina platensis) and food by-products such as corn gluten meal and wheat gluten. The extraction process employs an organic solvent with a dielectric constant ε(25°C)= 42. Different concentrations of the starting material and varying extraction times were tested to optimize yield and quality of the biopolymers. The sample composition was analyzed using Py-GC/MS, HPLC, IC, TGA and elemental analysis. Results indicated that the chlorine concentration in the saltwater algae (Gracilaria spinuligeria) was excessively high, making it unsuitable for use due to the further concentration of chlorine in the extract. Additionally, the film-forming properties of biopolymers extracted from Gracilaria spinuligeria were less ideal compared to those derived from wheat and corn gluten. Spirulina platensis and Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa lack a significant prolamin fraction and cannot be extracted as effectively as corn gluten meal and wheat gluten. The film forming capabilities and thermal properties of corn and wheat gluten film, as well as fresh water algae films, showed promising results. These findings suggest significant variations in the extraction efficiency and biopolymer characteristics based on the type of raw material and extraction parameters. These insights are crucial for the sustainable production of biopolymers, with potential applications in various industries, including food packaging and bioplastics. KW - extraction KW - algae KW - food byproducts KW - protein-based biopolymers Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lüken, Jan-Diederich T1 - Towards a Circular Economy – Business Rationale and Steps Forward T2 - Carbon Free - The Way Forward N2 - The circular economy is a topic of increasing awareness – among the public, in politics, in business and in science. However, scientific publications on this topic come more often from technical disciplines than from business administration and even less often from economics. Yet policymakers and business leaders are already developing strategies and roadmaps for the transition to a circular economy. So what does “circular economy” mean, where does it lead, and how can companies prepare for it? This paper attempts to answer these questions by combining a political, an economic and a business perspective. KW - Circular Economy Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110784299-024 SP - 673 EP - 732 PB - De Gruyter CY - Boston ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fieber, Andreas A1 - Dirr, Luca T1 - Kommunale Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung: Offingen geht voran JF - UmweltBriefe N2 - Die aktive Beteiligung der Kommunen spielt eine zentrale Rolle, um die in der Deutschen Nachhaltigkeitsstrategie 2021 festgelegten Nachhaltigkeitsziele Deutschlands zu verwirklichen. Mit der Gemeinde Offingen, Landkreis Günzburg, hat eine weitere Gemeinde unter 5 000 Einwohner einen kommunalen Nachhaltigkeitsbericht erstellt. Die ländlich geprägte Gemeinde möchte damit zu mehr Transparenz und Nachhaltigkeit beitragen. Ein Praxisbericht. KW - Nachhaltigkeitsbericht KW - Kommune KW - Reporting KW - Sustainable Development Goals SDGs Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/Keine Angabe VL - keine Angabe IS - 2 SP - 23 EP - 23 PB - Walhalla Fachverlag CY - Regensburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fieber, Andreas T1 - Gemeinde Pfaffing. Nachhaltigkeit im Fokus: Ein Beispiel für kommunales Engagement in Pfaffing. T2 - Wir schaffen Zukunft. Standort Deutschland - Nachhaltig erfolgreich. KW - Kommunaler Nachhaltigkeitsbericht KW - Kommune KW - Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung KW - Kommunen KW - Sustainable Development Goals Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.15358/9783800676705 SP - 114 EP - 122 PB - Verlag Franz Vahlen GmbH CY - München ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lüken, Jan-Diederich A1 - Jakob, Schäuble T1 - Wo steht die Circular Economy? BT - Anregungen für die amtliche Statistik zur Messung kreislaufwirtschaftlicher Aktivitäten. N2 - Beim Thema Kreislaufwirtschaft besteht vermutlich eine Diskrepanz zwischen den Messungen der amtlichen Statistik und den realen ökonomischen Entwicklungen. Europaweit überwacht Eurostat beispielsweise die Entwicklung der Circular Economy anhand materialbezogener Indikatoren. Diese zeigen für die letzten Jahre zwar leichte Aufwärtstrends – etwa bei der Ressourcenproduktivität, der Öko-Effizienz (Abfallintensität) und der Circular Material Use Rate (CMUR). Doch Wachstumsraten liegen einerseits deutlich unter dem erforderlichen Niveau, um die erklärten Ziele der EU zu erreichen. So soll die CMUR bis 2030 auf 22,4 % steigen; bislang liegt sie in der EU bei knapp unter 12 % (Stand: 2023), 2010 waren es 10,7%. Auch andere kreislaufwirtschaftliche Indikatoren zeigen für die letzten Jahre bestenfalls eine moderate zirkuläre Performance, bei manchen – wie beim Verpackungsmüll – sogar eine negative. Andererseits wächst die „Circular Economy“ als Narrativ. So zeigt Google Ngrams eine Vervielfachung der Nennungen des Themas in veröffentlichten Büchern in den Jahren 2015 bis 2020. Google Trends und Web of Science zeigen für den Suchbegriff „Circular Economy“ ähnliche Ergebnisse. Die Kreislaufwirtschaft ist zudem Kernbestandteil zahlreicher europäischer Regulierungsprojekte, von denen der Green Deal und der Industrial Clean Deal die prominentesten sind. In diesem Jahr wurde die nationale Kreislaufwirtschaftsstrategie in Deutschland veröffentlicht. Bayern verfolgt bereits seit 2024 eine eigene Strategie. Vermutlich gibt die amtliche Statistik den Stand und die Entwicklung der Kreislaufwirtschaft nicht vollständig wieder. Offizielle Daten erfassen die Kreislaufwirtschaft im klassischen Sinne, also als Abfall-, Verwertungs- und Materialströme. Um sie jedoch umfassend zu vermessen, müssten auch betriebliche zirkuläre Aktivitäten durch Indikatoren erfasst werden, die R-Strategien wie Redistribution, Refurbishment und Remanufacturing abbilden – also Strategien, wie sie etwa vom UN Environment Programme definiert wurden. Eine solche Erweiterung könnte dazu beitragen, den Status quo der Kreislaufwirtschaft als zentrales klimapolitisches Instrument präziser zu bestimmen. Auf unserem Poster geben wir Anregungen zur Weiterentwicklung der amtlichen Statistik, die auf Erkenntnissen mehrerer Unternehmensbefragungen mit kleineren Stichproben (jeweils n ≤ 150) beruhen. Die Umfragen wurden zwischen 2023 und 2025 durchgeführt. Eine Befragung wurde mithilfe persönlich geführter, strukturierter Interviews erhoben, die anderen Umfragen wurden mithilfe einer Online-Befragung durchgeführt. In den Umfragen wurden unter anderem Konzepte wie kreislaufwirtschaftliche Strategien, Barrieren und Treiber sowie Status und Orientierung gegenüber der Circular Economy untersucht. Y1 - 2025 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Klaas, Lena A1 - Eltayeb, Asmaa A1 - Kriechbaumer, Dorottya A1 - Roeb, Martin A1 - Sattler, Christian T1 - \(Ca_{1-x} Sr_x MnO_{3-\delta}\) granules, pellets, foams: Influence of fabrication conditions and microstructure on oxidation kinetics T2 - Solid State Ionics N2 - Microstructure and oxidation kinetics are closely intertwined factors that significantly influence the behavior of materials in oxidative environments. This relationship is of particular importance for redox materials such as \(Ca_{1-x} Sr_x MnO_{3-\delta}\), where reversible oxygen ions exchange and oxidation state shifts are key to their functionality. In the first study, scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine how varying Sr content affects the morphology and microstructure of \(Ca_{1-x} Sr_x MnO_{3-\delta}\) powder compositions. The results indicate that increasing Sr content leads to smaller particle sizes and improved particle size homogeneity. Granules with Sr concentrations ranging from 0 % to 40 % exhibit notable changes in morphology. However, the microporosity and d50 vary slightly across the samples in a non-monotonic manner, with no clear trend emerging with respect to Sr concentration. The second study investigates how macrostructural forms, such as foams and pellets, impact oxidation kinetics in \(Ca_{0.8} Sr_{0.2} MnO_{3-\delta}\). Parameters including particle size distribution of the raw material, overall microporosity, and structural characteristics of these macrostructures were analyzed for their effect on oxidation rates. Findings reveal that macrostructural configuration, alongside microstructural features like microporosity, significantly impacts oxidation kinetics. These studies collectively underscore the critical relationship between dopant concentration, microstructural characteristics, and structural morphology in determining the oxidative behavior of \(Ca_{1-x} Sr_x MnO_{3-\delta}\), providing key insights into optimizing material performance in redox environments. KW - Oxidation kinetics KW - Thermochemical cycles KW - Perovskites KW - Oxidation kinetics KW - Thermochemistry Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116803 IS - 422/4 SP - 116803 EP - 116816 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kriechbaumer, Dorottya A1 - Budama, Vishnu A1 - Roeb, Martin A1 - Sattler, Christian T1 - Fuels – Hydrogen – Hydrogen Production | Thermochemical T2 - Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources (Second Edition) N2 - Green hydrogen is expected to play a major role in the energy mix of the future as it is not only an important feedstock for chemical production but also an energy carrier and fuel. For the transition from fossil routes to green production new, sustainable technologies are needed. Solar thermal energy can be directly utilized for hydrogen production without electrification via thermochemical cycles. Several thousands of cycles have already been investigated, the main types utilize redox materials with phase change properties, materials with non-stoichiometric behavior and sulfur-based cycles. This article gives an overview on the different classes of thermochemical cycles, their state of development, economics and their possibilities for a future industrial application. KW - Hydogen Production KW - Thermochemical cycles KW - Wasserstoffgewinnung KW - Thermochemisches Verfahren Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-96022-9.00006-2 IS - Vol. 6 SP - 278 EP - 287 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ET - 2. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mühlböck, Kajetan A1 - Völkl, Johannes T1 - Einsatz von Sauerstoff aus der Wasserelektrolyse für chemische Synthesen JF - Chemie Ingenieur Technik N2 - Wasserstoff aus erneuerbaren Quellen ist ein zentraler Baustein zur Erreichung der Klimaziele, wobei die Wasserelektrolyse eine Schlüsseltechnologie darstellt. Dabei entsteht Sauerstoff als Koppelprodukt, das bereits in verschiedenen Anwendungen genutzt wird. Diese Studie bewertet das techno-ökonomische Potenzial der Nutzung von Elektrolysesauerstoff für die Synthese von Ethylenoxid (EO) und Vinylacetatmonomer (VAM). Abhängig vom Strompreis können die Produktionskosten für Wasserstoff um6–12 % gesenkt werden, wenn Sauerstoff zu Marktpreisen verkauft wird. Die Herstellungskosten von EO und VAM können um bis zu 4,5 % reduziert werden, sofern Sauerstoff kostenfrei bereitgestellt wird. Die Integration in industrielle Cluster ermöglicht Synergien für die Nutzung von Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff. KW - Luftzerlegung KW - Sauerstoffnutzung aus Elektrolyse KW - Techno-ökonomische Untersuchung KW - Wasserelektrolyse KW - Wasserstoffwirtschaft Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.202400138 VL - 97 IS - 5 SP - 536 EP - 548 PB - Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA CY - Weinheim ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schwarz, Benedikt A1 - Lindner, Johannes T1 - Automated Process Optimization in Mixing with Adaptive and Dynamic Mixing Modes T2 - PARTEC 2025 N2 - Mixing plays a crucial role in industry, for e.g., fine and petrochemicals, food, pharmaceuticals, and mineral processing. The selection of the stirrer is based on the desired flow pattern and the rheological properties of the material being processed. A change in the mixing task or a significant shift in material properties during the process can lead to decreased efficiency, longer mixing times, or poorer mixing quality. To address the need for handling various tasks across a wide range of applications with the same mixer, a multi-purpose mixer with adjustable tools was developed. It consists of a coaxial stirrer with an inner and an outer stirrer. The blades of the inner stirrer can be changed in inclination during the process. This allows different tasks, such as dispersion, aeration, and suspension, to be performed efficiently in succession without the need for tool changes. Additionally, the process parameters can be dynamically changed to compensate for changes in the process. Energy input into the fluid serves as a key parameter to quantify the quality of a dispersion process. The three independent actuators can be used to achieve the best energy input. To identify the optimal settings, a control algorithm called the "automated design of experience" was developed. This algorithm adjusts the speed of the main and coaxial stirrers and the blade angle in a sequential manner, evaluating whether these changes lead to improved or worsened energy input. It is hence possible to determine optimum mixing parameters in an automated way. KW - Dynamic Mixing Y1 - 2025 ER -