TY - CHAP A1 - Wohlschlaeger, Maximilian A1 - Versen, Martin A1 - Laforsch, Christian T1 - A novel approach to optically detect microplastic in an environmental matrix with Rapid-FLIM T2 - Sensors and Measuring Systems; 21th ITG/GMA-Symposium Y1 - 2022 SP - 1 EP - 6 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Leiter, Nina A1 - Wohlschlaeger, Maximilian A1 - Versen, Martin A1 - Laforsch, Christian T1 - Non-destructive differentiation of treated and non-treated wood using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy T2 - Sensors and Measuring Systems; 21th ITG/GMA-Symposium Y1 - 2022 SP - 1 EP - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leiter, Nina A1 - Wohlschläger, Maximilian A1 - Versen, Martin A1 - Laforsch, Christian T1 - An algorithmic method for the identification of wood species and the classification of post-consumer wood using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy JF - Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems N2 - In this contribution the frequency domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FD-FLIM) technique is evaluated for post-consumer wood sorting. The fluorescence characteristics of several wood samples were determined, whereby two excitation wavelengths (405 and 488 nm) were used. The measured data were processed using algorithmic methods to identify the wood species and post-consumer wood category. With the excitation wavelength of 405 nm, 16 out of 19 samples could be correctly assigned to the corresponding post-consumer wood category by means of the fluorescence lifetimes. Thus, the experimental results revealed the high potential of the FD-FLIM technique for automated post-consumer wood sorting. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-11-129-2022 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 129 EP - 136 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heitauer, Mathias A1 - Versen, Martin T1 - Evaluation of a Co-Simulation Approach for Functional Verification of Analog and Mixed Signal Devices JF - EDFA Technical Articles N2 - This article presents an automation workflow for the development of analog and mixed-signal devices similar to the two-stage process used for the design and verification of logic ICs. The use of a co-simulation interface makes it possible to build and verify failure models. KW - delta-sigma converter KW - functional verification KW - mixed signal devices KW - model-based development KW - system simulation Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.edfa.2021-3.p008 VL - 23 IS - 3 SP - 8 EP - 12 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wohlschläger, Maximilian A1 - Versen, Martin A1 - Laforsch, Christian T1 - Investigation of the Impact of CaCO3 Concentrations on the Fluorescence Lifetime of Polypropylene T2 - 2022 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) N2 - The impact of fillers on the fluorescence lifetime of polymers is still unknown. Investigating polypropylene containing different CaCO 3 concentrations using FD-FLIM show an exponential increase in fluorescence lifetime proportional to the CaCO 3 density in polypropylene. KW - Fluorescence KW - Lasers and electrooptics KW - Plastics KW - Electrooptical waveguides Y1 - 2022 SP - 1 EP - 2 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Leiter, Nina A1 - Wohlschläger, Maximilian A1 - Versen, Martin T1 - Frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging as method to analyze wood structures T2 - Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics N2 - The analysis of wood structures using FD-FLIM seems promising for the identification of wood at 488 nm, as lignin has a high impact on the fluorescence lifetime. KW - Diode lasers KW - Fluorescence KW - Fluorescence lifetime imaging KW - Microscopy Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_AT.2022.JW3A.19 SP - JW3A.19 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Maniyattu, Georgekutty Jose A1 - Geegy, Eldho A1 - Leiter, Nina A1 - Wohlschläger, Maximilian A1 - Versen, Martin A1 - Laforsch, Christian T1 - Development of a neural network to identify plastics using Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy T2 - 2022 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS) N2 - Plastics have become a major part of human’s daily life. An uncontrolled usage of plastic leads to an accumulation in the environment posing a threat to flora and fauna, if not recycled correctly. The correct sorting and recycling of the most commonly available plastic types and an identification of plastic in the environment are important. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy shows a high potential in sorting and identifying plastic types. A data-based and an image-based classification are investigated using python programming language to demonstrate the potential of a neural network based on fluorescence lifetime images to identify plastic types. The results indicate that the data-based classification has a higher identification accuracy compared to the image-based classification. KW - fluorescence lifetime imaging KW - FLIM KW - neural networks KW - plastic identification Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/SAS54819.2022.9881372 SP - 1 EP - 6 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bernöcker, Anton A1 - Leiter, Nina A1 - Wohlschläger, Maximilian A1 - Versen, Martin T1 - Entwicklung eines neuronalen Netzwerks als Basis zur automatisierten Holzartenerkennung T2 - 18. AALE-Konferenz. Pforzheim, 09.03.-11.03.2022 N2 - Holz ist ein vielseitig einsetzbarer nachwachsender Rohstoff. Neben seinem wirtschaftlichen Nutzen ist er für den Erhalt des Klimas unersetzlich. Eine sortenreine Sortierung für die Weiterverarbeitung von Altholz spielt für einen ressourcenschonenden Umgang eine wichtige Rolle. Um das Potenzial eines neuronalen Netzwerks basierend auf Messdaten der bildgebenden Fluoreszenzabklingzeitmessung für die Altholzsortierung aufzuzeigen, wurden zwei unterschiedliche Klassifikationsansätze auf Basis der Programmiersprache Python gewählt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die bildbasierte Klassifizierung der Holzart mit einer Genauigkeit von 47,36 % noch ausbaufähig ist. Eine datenbasierte Klassifizierung der Holzart mit einer Identifikationsgenauigkeit von 98,28 % ist dagegen vielversprechend. KW - FD-FLIM KW - Fluoreszenz KW - Fluoreszenzabklingzeit KW - Holzart KW - Neuronales Netz KW - Klassifizierung Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.33968/2022.11 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wohlschläger, Maximilian A1 - Versen, Martin A1 - Laforsch, Christian T1 - Investigation of the Impact of CaCO3 Concentrations on the Fluorescence Lifetime of Polypropylene T2 - Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics N2 - The impact of fillers on the fluorescence lifetime of polymers is still unknown. Investigating polypropylene containing different CaCO3 concentrations using FD-FLIM show an exponential increase in fluorescence lifetime proportional to the CaCO3 density in polypropylene. KW - Diode lasers KW - Fluorescence KW - Fluorescence lifetime imaging KW - Fourier transforms KW - Phase shift KW - Stray light Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_AT.2022.AM2M.2 SP - AM2M.2 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wohlschläger, Maximilian A1 - Holst, Gerhard A1 - Versen, Martin A1 - Laforsch, Christian T1 - An optical method to differentiate wood from polymers using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy T2 - OSA Optical Sensors and Sensing Congress 2021 (AIS, FTS, HISE, SENSORS, ES) (2021), paper EW4G.6 N2 - In this contribution investigations with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) are made to optically distinguish polymers and wood. The results show that the distinction and identification is possible in a graphical and calculative way. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1364/ES.2021.EW4G.6 SP - EW4G.6 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Leiter, Nina A1 - Wohlschläger, Maximilian A1 - Auer, Veronika A1 - Versen, Martin A1 - Laforsch, Christian T1 - An algorithmic method to identify multiple wood species in a single image by their specific fluorescence lifetimes T2 - OSA Imaging and Applied Optics Congress 2021 (3D, COSI, DH, ISA, pcAOP) (2021), paper CF2B.3 N2 - Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) combined with an image processing algorithm is successfully used for the optical identification and areal separation of three wood species of maple, larch and nut in a single taken image. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1364/COSI.2021.CF2B.3 SP - CF2B.3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leiter, Nina A1 - Wohlschläger, Maximilian A1 - Versen, Martin T1 - Analysis of the phase-dependent fluorescence decay time of treated wood using FD-FLIM JF - tm - Technisches Messen N2 - For sustainable handling of wood and high material utilization, post-consumer wood has to be sorted by post-consumer wood categories in Germany. The non-destructive FD-FLIM method could improve the wood recycling process by automatic classification of waste wood into post-consumer wood classes. Thus, the phase-dependent fluorescence decay time of treated wood is analysed in this study to obtain the impact of the treatment on the fluorescence decay time. It is shown that treated and untreated wood can be differentiated using the fluorescence decay time, although the state-of-the-art theoretical fluorescence decay time differs from the experimentally determined fluorescence decay time. N2 - Für einen nachhaltigen Umgang mit Holz und eine hohe stoffliche Verwertung muss Altholz in Deutschland nach Altholzklassen sortiert werden. Die zerstörungsfreie FD-FLIM-Methode könnte den Holzrecyclingprozess durch eine automatische Klassifizierung von Altholz in Altholzklassen verbessern. Daher wird in dieser Studie die phasenabhängige Fluoreszenzabklingzeit von behandeltem Holz analysiert, um den Einfluss der Behandlung auf die Fluoreszenzabklingzeit zu ermitteln. Es wird gezeigt, dass behandeltes und unbehandeltes Holz anhand der Fluoreszenzabklingzeit unterschieden werden kann, auch wenn die nach dem Stand der Forschung theoretische Fluoreszenzabklingzeit von der experimentell ermittelten Fluoreszenzabklingzeit abweicht. KW - fluorescence KW - decay time KW - FD-FLIM KW - lifetime KW - wood Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2022-0114 VL - 90 IS - 6 SP - 401 EP - 406 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dietlmeier, Maximilian A1 - Rajan, Aromal Somarajan A1 - Leiter, Nina A1 - Wohlschläger, Maximilian A1 - Versen, Martin T1 - Klassifizierung von Altholz durch FD-FLIM Bilder mit neuronalen Netzen T2 - Tagungsband AALE 2023 N2 - Holz ist eine der wichtigsten erneuerbaren Ressourcen und kann recycelt werden, wobei derzeit nur unbehandeltes Holz in mehreren Lebenszyklen verwendet werden kann. Allerdings werden in Altholzsortieranlagen meist behandeltes und unbehandeltes Altholz gemischt angeliefert und es gibt keine automatische Klassifizierung zur sortenreinen Sortierung. Frühere Studien zeigen, dass behandelte und unbehandelte Holzproben mit Hilfe von bildgebender Fluoreszenzabklingzeit Mikroskopie unterschieden werden können. Um den Prozess der Klassifizierung von Altholz anhand von Fluoreszenzabklingzeitbildern zu automatisieren, werden zwei neuronale Netzwerke (NN) evaluiert. Das erste NN ist ein MLP (Multi Layer Perceptron), das das Altholz anhand von Erwartungswert und Standardabweichung eines Fluoreszenzabklingzeitbildes klassifiziert. Das zweite untersuchte NN ist ein CNN (Convolutional Neural Network), das das Holz direkt anhand der Fluoreszenzabklingzeitbilder klassifiziert. Beide Netzwerke sind in Python implementiert, um die spätere Verwendung in einem automatischen Klassifizierungs- und Sortierprozess zu erleichtern. Die Evaluation der NN zeigt vielversprechende Ergebnisse zur automatisierten Klassifikation von Altholz. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.33968/2023.24 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bouwman, Wim A1 - Hoogenboom, Jacob A1 - Fuhrmann, Tina A. A1 - Gelbord, Todd A1 - Hettich, Christian A1 - Sum, Jürgen A1 - Jödicke, Bernd A1 - Kautz, Christian A1 - Neff, Julia L. A1 - Krocker, Georg A1 - Oostinga, Jeroen B. A1 - Ruhe, Tim A1 - Düser, David A1 - Schneider, Andreas Karl Peter A1 - Suhonen, Sami A1 - Tiili, Juho A1 - Versen, Martin A1 - Kipfelsberger, Stefan A1 - Wendlandt, Michael ED - Schäfle, Claudia ED - Stanzel, Silke ED - Junker, Elmar ED - Lux, Christine T1 - Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Physics Teaching in Engineering Education PTEE 2024 N2 - The Proceedings of the 12th PTEE conference 2024 in Rosenheim present 15 articles from a wide range of actual topics in physics teaching – from artificial intelligence, innovative teaching and examination methods, lab experiments, tutorials to thoughts on what would be desirable to know, when you start teaching (activating) physics. T3 - Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Physics Teaching in Engineering Education PTEE 2024 - 1 KW - Physics Teaching in Engineering Education KW - Active Learning KW - Physics Education Research KW - Tutorials in Introductory Physics KW - Flipped Classroom KW - Physics Labs KW - Artificial Intelligence and Teaching KW - Hybrid Lectures KW - Active Learning Spaces Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:861-opus4-24648 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Thomas, Amal A1 - Saleem, Shaif A1 - Leiter, Nina A1 - Dietlmeier, Maximilian A1 - Wohlschläger, Maximilian A1 - Versen, Martin A1 - Laforsch, Christian T1 - Development of a Neural Network for an Automated Differentiation of Plastics using Rapid-FLIM T2 - Optica Sensing Congress 2023 N2 - The fast classification and identification of plastics presents a significant challenge. The study assesses the suitability of a Multilayer Perceptron to classify and identify commonly found plastic types using Rapid-FLIM, achieving an accuracy of 88.33%. KW - Fluorescence lifetime imaging KW - Phase shift KW - Laser sources KW - Neural networks KW - Positron emission tomography KW - Raman spectroscopy Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1364/ES.2023.EW4E.5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maniyattu, Georgekutty Jose A1 - Geegy, Eldho A1 - Wohlschläger, Maximilian A1 - Leiter, Nina A1 - Versen, Martin A1 - Laforsch, Christian T1 - Multilayer Perceptron Development to Identify Plastics Using Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy JF - EDFA Technical Articles N2 - Existing plastic analysis techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy are problematic because samples must be anhydrous and identification can be hindered by additives. This article describes a new approach that has been successfully demonstrated in which plastics can be classified by neural networks that are trained, validated, and tested by frequency domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy measurements. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.edfa.2023-3.p031 VL - 25 IS - 3 SP - 31 EP - 37 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schwarz, Jonas A1 - Wohlschläger, Maximilian A1 - Leiter, Nina A1 - Auer, Veronika A1 - Risse, Michael A1 - Versen, Martin T1 - Frequency Domain Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FD-FLIM) analysis of Quercus robur samples for origin differentiation purposes T2 - Optica Sensing Congress 2023 (AIS, FTS, HISE, Sensors, ES) N2 - Increasing demand for wood products requires methods to determine its harvest origin and ensure sustainable and legal sourcing. In 15 out of 21 cases, the origin of Quercus robur was differentiable in FD-FLIM studies. KW - Fluorescence lifetime imaging KW - Phase shift KW - Phase modulation KW - Laser sources KW - Bandpass filters KW - Frequency modulation Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1364/AIS.2023.JTu4A.10 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Versen, Martin A1 - Kipfelsberger, Stefan ED - Schäfle, Claudia ED - Stanzel, Silke ED - Junker, Elmar ED - Lux, Christine T1 - An Applied Examination Format for Measurement Technologies T2 - Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Physics Teaching in Engineering Education PTEE 2024 N2 - A written exam in measurement technologies usually includes problems for operational amplifier circuits, error propagation, signal analysis and analog to digital conversion. During corona, teaching changed from presence lectures to remote lectures and examination formats changed, too. Instead of a written exam, student project exams were proposed. The projects included a computer aided temperature measurement with operational amplifier circuits, a calibration procedure, error propagation and a written report. The student project exams were successful and the students’ feedback was so positive that the student project exams are going to be continued. T3 - Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Physics Teaching in Engineering Education PTEE 2024 - 1 KW - measurement technology KW - examination Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:861-opus4-25878 SP - 96 EP - 101 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Versen, Martin A1 - Wohlschläger, Maximilian A1 - Langhals, Heinz A1 - Laforsch, Christian T1 - The detection of organic polymers as contaminants in foodstuffs by means of the fluorescence decay of their auto fluorescence JF - Food and Humanity N2 - Products such as food can become contaminated during their manufacture or afterwards. Depending on the type of substance causing the contamination, these contaminants can be harmful to health and difficult to detect by visible inspection. The suitability of fluorescence decay and FD-FLIM for the detection of plastics contamination in foodstuffs is demonstrated. Therefore, a procedure for the detection of contaminating organic polymers (plastics) in processed meat such as salami by means of the fluorescence decay time of auto fluorescence is described. The auto fluorescence of processed meat was found to decay according to first order with a typical time constant of about 2 ns, whereas the time constant of significant polymers for the processing of meat is generally appreciably higher (2.5 ns – 5.5 ns depending on the polymer). As a consequence, contaminating organic polymers can not only be globally detected by means of the fluorescence decay but also localised in two-dimensional imaging. The present study reports a high potential of FD-FLIM for rapidly identifying and differentiating different plastics on and in different foodstuffs. The method allows an improved quality control of foodstuffs. KW - Fluorescence KW - Decay constant KW - Foodstuff KW - Imaging KW - Quality control KW - Organic polymers Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foohum.2024.100363 VL - 3 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Heitzmann, Sebastian A1 - Kallweit, Stephan A1 - Brunn, André A1 - Holst, Gerhard A1 - Leiter, Nina A1 - Wohlschläger, Maximilian A1 - Versen, Martin T1 - Erweiterung eines FD-FLIM Messsystems durch MQTT Anbindung eines Roboters zur automatischen Sortierung von Altholzklassen T2 - Tagungsband AALE 2025: Menschenzentrierte Automation im digitalen Zeitalter N2 - Ziel des Projektes Fluoreszenz ID von Altholz (FrIDAH)5 ist die Entwicklung eines Demonstrators gewesen, welcher die automatisierte Sortierung von Altholzproben gemäß der Altholzverordnung unter Verwendung der Messung von Fluoreszenzabklingzeiten ermöglicht. In diesem Beitrag werden der entwickelte Messaufbau, die Software, das Automatisierungssystem, sowie der Klassifikator vorgestellt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die verwendete Technologie zur zuverlässigen Klassifikation von Altholz geeignet ist und für die automatisierte Sortierung angewendet werden kann. Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.33968/2025.16 SP - 147 EP - 156 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Stegemann, V. A1 - Morbitzer, A. A1 - Püschel, M. A1 - Heitzmann, S. A1 - Kipfelsberger, S. A1 - Versen, Martin T1 - Sensorfusion einer KI-gestützten Objekterkennung mit Positionsmessung T2 - Tagungsband AALE 2025: Menschzentrierte Automation im digitalen Zeitalter N2 - Für eine Automatisierungslösung wird ein von künstlicher Intelligenz gestütztes System zur Detektion von unterschiedlichen Objekten sowie deren Positionsmessung entwickelt. Die Objekterkennung erfolgt unter Verwendung eines Jetson Nano von Nvidia. Zur Positionsbestimmung auf einem Förderband wird ein Inkrementaldrehgeber ROD 420 eingesetzt. Der Positionswert wird mit einem selbst entwickelten Messsystem auf einem Arty A7 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) errechnet und zur Sensorfusion an den Jetson Nano übertragen. Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.33968/2025.42 SP - 395 EP - 404 ER -