TY - JOUR A1 - John, Thomas A1 - Aslan, Alp T1 - Age differences in the persistence of part-list cuing impairment: The role of retrieval inhibition and strategy disruption JF - Journal of Experimental Child Psychology N2 - Providing a subset of previously studied information as a retrieval cue can impair memory for the remaining information. Previous work with adults has shown that such part-list cuing impairment (PLCI) can be transient or lasting, depending on study condition. Here, we investigated the persistence of PLCI in children. Three age groups (7- and 8-year-olds, 9- and 10-year-olds, and 12- to 14-year-olds) learned a list of items, either through a single study trial (1-study condition) or through two study-test cycles (2-study-test condition). Subsequently, two recall tests were administered, with part-list cues being provided in the first (critical) test but not in the second (final) test. Of primary interest was whether the detrimental effect of part-list cuing induced in the critical test would persist to the uncued final test. In 12- to 14-year-olds, we found an adult-like pattern of results, with lasting impairment in the 1-study condition but transient impairment in the 2-study-test condition. In contrast, in the two younger age groups, we found PLCI to be lasting in both study conditions, suggesting age differences in the persistence of PLCI. The results are discussed in light of a recently proposed two-mechanism account of PLCI that attributes lasting impairment to retrieval inhibition and transient impairment to strategy disruption. Following this account, the results suggest that whereas 12- to 14-year-olds’ PLCI was caused by (lasting) retrieval inhibition in the 1-study condition and by (transient) strategy disruption in the 2-study-test condition, 7- and 8-year-olds’ and 9- and 10-year-olds’ PLCI was caused by (lasting) retrieval inhibition in both study conditions. KW - Memory development KW - Associative encoding KW - Part-list cuing impairment KW - Retrieval inhibition KW - Strategy disruption KW - Repeated testing Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2019.104746 VL - 191 SP - 104746 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aslan, Alp A1 - John, Thomas T1 - Part-list cuing effects in younger and older adults’ episodic recall JF - Psychology and Aging N2 - Providing a subset of previously studied items as retrieval cues can both impair and improve memory for the remaining items. Here, we investigated such part-list cuing effects in younger and older adults’ episodic recall, using listwise directed forgetting to manipulate study context access at test. When context access was maintained, part-list cuing impaired recall regardless of age. In contrast, when context access was impaired, part-list cuing improved recall in younger but not in older adults. The results are consistent with the proposal that older adults show intact inhibition and blocking of competing information, but reduced capability for episodic context reactivation. KW - part-list cuing effects Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000268 VL - 34 IS - 2 SP - 262 EP - 267 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - John, Thomas A1 - Aslan, Alp T1 - Part-list cuing effects in children: A developmental dissociation between the detrimental and beneficial effect JF - Journal of Experimental Child Psychology N2 - Providing a subset of previously studied items as a retrieval cue can both impair and improve recall of the remaining items. Here, we investigated the development of these two opposing effects of such part-list cuing in children. Using listwise directed forgetting to manipulate study context access, three child age groups (7–8, 9–11, and 13–14 years) and young adults studied a list of items and, after study, were asked to either forget or continue remembering the list. After presentation of a second list, participants were tested on predefined target items from the original list in either the presence or absence of the list’s remaining (nontarget) items serving as retrieval cues. Results revealed that part-list cuing impaired recall of to-be-remembered target items regardless of age. In contrast, part-list cuing improved recall of to-be-forgotten target items in the adult and the oldest child groups but not in the two younger child groups. This finding suggests a developmental dissociation between the two opposing effects of part-list cuing, indicating that the beneficial effect develops later than the detrimental effect. In particular, following the view that the beneficial effect of part-list cuing arises from reactivation of the study context, the results suggest that elementary school children have difficulty in capitalizing on context reactivation. KW - Cognitive development KW - Episodic memory KW - Part-list cuing KW - Directed forgetting KW - Inhibition KW - Context reactivation Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2017.08.013 VL - 166 SP - 705 EP - 712 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aslan, Alp A1 - John, Thomas T1 - The development of adaptive memory: Young children show enhanced retention of animacy-related information JF - Journal of Experimental Child Psychology N2 - Previous developmental work has indicated that animacy is a foundational ontogenetic category that is given priority already early in life. Here, we investigated whether such priority is also present in children’s episodic memory, examining whether young children show enhanced retention of animacy-related information. Kindergartners and younger and older elementary school children were presented with fictitious (non)words (e.g., BULA, LAFE) paired with properties characteristic of humans (e.g., “likes music”), (nonhuman) animals (e.g., “builds nests”), and inanimate things (e.g., “has four edges”) and were asked to rate the animacy status of each nonword. After a retention interval, a surprise recognition test for the nonwords was administered. We found enhanced recognition of nonwords paired with human and animal properties compared with (the same) nonwords paired with inanimate properties. The size of this animacy advantage was comparable across age groups, suggesting developmental invariance of the advantage over the age range examined (i.e., 4–11 years). The results support a functional–evolutionary view on memory, suggesting that already young children’s memory is “tuned” to process and retain animacy. KW - Cognitive development KW - Evolutionary psychology KW - Episodic memory KW - Adaptive memory KW - Ancestral priorities KW - Mnemonic animacy advantage in children Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2016.07.007 VL - 152 SP - 343 EP - 350 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aslan, Alp A1 - Schlichting, Andreas A1 - John, Thomas A1 - Bäuml, Karl-Heinz T. T1 - The Two Faces of Selective Memory Retrieval: Earlier Decline of the Beneficial Than the Detrimental Effect With Older Age JF - Psychology and Aging N2 - Recent work with young adults has shown that, depending on study context access, selective memory retrieval can both impair and improve recall of other memories (Bäuml & Samenieh, 2010). Here, we investigated the 2 opposing effects of selective retrieval in older age. In Experiment 1, we examined 64 younger (20–35 years) and 64 older participants (above 60 years), and manipulated study context access using list-method directed forgetting. Whereas both age groups showed a detrimental effect of selective retrieval on to-be-remembered items, only younger but not older adults showed a beneficial effect on to-be-forgotten items. In Experiment 2, we examined 112 participants from a relatively wide age range (40–85 years), and manipulated study context access by varying the retention interval between study and test. Overall, a detrimental effect of selective retrieval arose when the retention interval was relatively short, but a beneficial effect when the retention interval was prolonged. Critically, the size of the beneficial but not the detrimental effect of retrieval decreased with age and this age-related decline was mediated by individuals’ working memory capacity, as measured by the complex operation span task. Together, the results suggest an age-related dissociation in retrieval dynamics, indicating an earlier decline of the beneficial than the detrimental effect of selective retrieval with older age. (APA PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) KW - cognitive aging KW - episodic memory KW - retrieval, context reactivation KW - inhibition Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039874 VL - 30 IS - 4 SP - 824 EP - 834 ER -