TY - JOUR A1 - Tomaschko, Florian A1 - Reichelt, Lukas A1 - Krommes, Sandra T1 - Digitalisation of Manufacturing Systems: A Literature Review of Approaches to Assess the Sustainability of Digitalisation Technologies in Production Systems JF - Sustainability N2 - The digitalisation of production has a positive impact on manufacturing processes in terms of resource efficiency and environmental impact, particularly in the form of increased efficiency as well as cost and resource savings. However, the use of digitalisation technologies is also associated with efforts such as costs, CO2 emissions, and raw material consumption. When planning or deciding on the digitalisation of manufacturing systems, it is therefore necessary to assess whether these technologies pay off in terms of sustainability over their life cycle. This literature review (based on the PRISMA guidelines) analyses the relevance of sustainability assessment and its methods for the digitalisation of production in research. The review reveals that research focuses on the benefits of digitalisation technologies in manufacturing, while the assessment of efforts and their benefits is in its infancy. There is a need for further research on holistic assessment methods for digitalisation technologies. In particular, there is a lack of assessment methods that consistently link the economic and environmental dimensions of sustainability, and there is also a lack of guidance for the application of assessment methods in production. KW - digitalisation KW - sustainability KW - holistic assessment KW - cyber–physical system KW - digital twin KW - internet of things KW - industrial internet of things KW - Industry 4.0 KW - environmental KW - economic Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156275 VL - 16 IS - 15 SP - 6275 PB - MDPI ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tomaschko, Florian A1 - Krommes, Sandra T1 - Future Work Skills im Bachelorstudium kontextbasiert und problemorientiert vermitteln T2 - Future Work Skills im Bachelorstudium kontextbasiert und problemorientiert vermitteln N2 - Posterpräsentation am Tag der digitalen Lehre an der Universität Regensburg (26.09.2023 - 27.09.2023) Im Bachelorstudium Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen an der Technischen Hochschule Rosenheim durchlaufen die Studierenden ab dem ersten Semester miteinander verzahnte und aufeinander aufbauende Inhalte, die sich an den Problemstellungen eines fiktiven Unternehmens orientieren. Dabei ziehen sich die praxisnahen Inhalte der „Rosenheimer Mobility Werke“ wie ein roter Faden durch das gesamte Studium. KW - Digitale Lehre KW - HigHRoQ KW - WI-Story Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:861-opus4-23200 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tomaschko, Florian A1 - Krommes, Sandra ED - Tomaschko, Florian T1 - Future Work Skills im Bachelorstudium kontextbasiert und problemorientiert vermitteln -Selbstlerneinheiten und Präsenzinhalte lernoptimal und zeitorientiert kombiniert N2 - Vortrag im Rahmen des Symposiums "Zeit in der Hochschullehre" der LMU München (21.-22. September 2023) KW - digitale Lehre KW - Selbstlerneinheit KW - HigHRoQ KW - WI-Story Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tomaschko, Florian A1 - Huber, Gretel A1 - Krommes, Sandra ED - Wellbrock, Wanja ED - Ludin, Daniela T1 - Nachhaltiges Rohstoffrisikomanagement: Bewertungsinstrumente für KMU N2 - Durch die fortlaufende Industrialisierung der Fertigungsprozesse steigt der Bedarf an Rohstoffen kontinuierlich an. Dabei rücken neben den traditionellen Rohstoffen zunehmend auch kritische Rohstoffe in den Fokus der Industrie. Die traditionelle Perspektive auf Rohstoffe hat sich um Aspekte der Nachhaltigkeit erweitert, wodurch nun auch Ressourcen wie Luft, Wasser, Fläche und Biodiversität als Rohstoffe im weiteren Sinne betrachtet werden. Die Beschaffung von Rohstoffen birgt für Unternehmen verschiedene Risiken, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Preisvolatilität und der Verfügbarkeit, aber auch in Bezug auf Umwelt- und sozial-gesellschaftliche Risiken. Kleinere und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) stehen aufgrund begrenzter Ressourcen bei Zeit, Personal und finanzieller Mittel sowie eingeschränkter Datenverfügbarkeit und fehlendem Fachwissen vor besonderen Herausforderungen. Die bestehenden Methoden zur Bewertung von Rohstoffrisiken sind häufig nicht auf die spezifischen Bedürfnisse von KMU zugeschnitten. Unter Berücksichtigung der Anforderungen von KMU werden geeignete Methoden und spezifische Indikatoren zur Bewertung von Rohstoffrisiken identifiziert. Die Indikatoren bilden unterschiedliche Aspekte der drei Nachhaltigkeits-Dimensionen Ökonomie, Ökologie (Umwelt) und Soziales (Gesellschaft) ab. Sie sind Basis für ein Monitoringsystem, welches in ein Risikomanagement bei KMU integriert werden kann. Die Überlegungen werden durch ein praxisorientiertes Beispiel ergänzt, um die Herausforderungen in KMU und die Umsetzung des Bewertungsinstruments zu veranschaulichen. KW - Rohstoffrisikomanagement KW - Kritikalität KW - Rohstoffkritikalität KW - Rohstoffrisikomanagement KW - Nachhaltigkeit Y1 - 2025 SN - ISBN 978-3-658-47227-6 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-47228-3_26 SP - 579 EP - 605 PB - Springer Gabler CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tomaschko, Florian A1 - Annan, Kevin A1 - Krommes, Sandra T1 - Digitalisierung der Produktion: Ganzheitliche Bewertung JF - Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb N2 - Für die Analyse, Bewertung und Kontrolle von Investitionsentscheidungen bei Erweiterungs- oder Modernisierungs-Investitionen zur Digitalisierung der Produktion fehlt ein methodisches Vorgehen. Ein dreistufiger Ansatz auf Basis geeigneter betriebswirtschaftlicher Kennzahlen wird vorgestellt und am Beispiel eines heterogenen Maschinen- und Anlagenparks für einen digitalen Schatten der Wert- und Stoffströme zur Steigerung der Ressourceneffizienz angewandt. N2 - There is a lack of a methodical procedure for analysing, assessing and controlling investment decisions for the digitalisation of manufacturing processes. Based on key indicators, a three-stage approach is presented and applied exemplarily in a process chain of the furniture industry to create a digital twin of a value and material flow to increase resource efficiency. KW - Brownfield-Ansatz KW - Digitaler Zwilling KW - Digitalisierung KW - Holztechnik KW - Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse KW - Wirtschaftlichkeit Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1515/zwf-2022-1050 VL - 117 IS - 5 SP - 321 EP - 326 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rieder, Rosina A1 - Krommes, Sandra A1 - Lang, Werner ED - Brotas, Luisa ED - Roaf, Susan ED - Nicol, Fergus T1 - Criticality assessment of indium for thin-film photovoltaics in the context of sustainability goals for the German housing sector T2 - PROCEEDINGS of 33rd PLEA International Conference N2 - In countries with large import dependencies, several studies on strategically important metals have classified raw materials as being critical by combining supply and vulnerability risks. In case of availability, the most critical raw materials are metallic ores and industrial minerals. Within the scope of developing resource efficient buildings, innovative building technologies, such as renewable energy systems, are becoming increasingly integral parts of buildings. Since critical raw materials are essential components in building technologies, they will also play an important role in the housing sector. In this context, it is crucial to consider how sustainability goals in the housing sector are affected by raw material criticality. This paper addresses supply and vulnerability risks of indium, which is contained in thin-film photovoltaics, in order to identify their impacts on future developments in the housing sector. Raw material availability is significantly influenced by the demand and supply of raw materials. To implement risk factors for a criticality assessment in sector-specific material flows, their impacts are analysed and modelled using a dynamic, macro-economic approach. Assuming different energy scenarios in the German housing sector up to 2050, the model reveals the raw material criticality by pointing out supply risks in order to derive recommendations. KW - criticality, raw materials, thin-film photovoltaics, indium, system dynamics Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-0-9928957-5-4 SP - 3692 EP - 3698 PB - NCEUB CY - Edinburgh ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pscherer, Theresa A1 - Krommes, Sandra T1 - LCA standards for environmental product assessments in the bioeconomy with a focus on biogenic carbon: A systematic review JF - International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment N2 - Purpose Climate change mitigation is one of the priorities of the European Bioeconomy Strategy (BES). In this regard, renewable raw materials are a crucial resource, as they help to substitute fossil resources and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by storing biogenic carbon (C). To control the environmental impact of the European BES, the life cycle assessment (LCA) is the preferred method. Standards provide guidance for LCA. This review aims to present the state of the art of LCA-related standards, focusing on the assessment of biogenic C and its global warming potential (GWP) to evaluate them for decision-making with regard to the transition to a bioeconomy (BE) and climate change mitigation. Methods A systematic review is conducted using the database Nautos to reveal the relevant standards guiding LCA in the BE. In an iterative process, criteria for a comparative analysis are defined. The eligible standards are then qualitatively analysed and compared based on criteria previously derived in the iterative process. Results and discussion In the context of LCA and bio-based products, 13 documents are identified. Differences are revealed in the accounting of biogenic C flows, the calculation of the duration of biogenic C storage and the biogenic C content as well as the consideration of substitution effects. Furthermore, the standards do not provide any information on the assessment of biogenic C in the circular economy so far. Conclusion The importance of biogenic C aspects in LCA has been reflected in the standards over the last 20 years. However, further research is needed to harmonise the different aspects and integrate new relevant ones related to biogenic C and BE to support decision-making for the transition to a BE. This becomes more important as new legislation refers to LCA standards as the preferred assessment method. KW - Life cycle assessment (LCA) · Bioeconomy (BE) · Standards · Bio-based products · Biogenic carbon (C) · Substitution potential · Displacement factor (DF) · Carbon storage Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-024-02387-7 SP - 1 EP - 23 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krommes, Sandra A1 - Tomaschko, Florian T1 - Chance für mehr Ressourceneffizienz - Methode der Wert- und Stoffstromanalyse im Kontext der digitalen Transformation bestehender Fertigungsanlagen T1 - Opportunity for More Resource Efficiency JF - Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb (zwf) N2 - Die dynamische Wert- und Stoffstrommodellierung bildet die In- und Output-Ströme von Prozessen mittels Digitalisierungstechnologien ab. In einem aus fünf Schritten bestehenden methodischen Vorgehen kann der Einstieg in die Digitalisierung der Produktion für KMU mit bestehenden Anlagen- und Maschinenparks (Brownfield-Ansatz) gelingen: Ein digitaler Schatten ermöglicht ein echtzeit- und realdatenbasiertes Monitoring von Einzel- und Kleinserienfertigungen zur Steigerung der Ressourceneffizienz. Method of Value and Material Flow Analysis within the Digital Transformation of a Brownfield Approach. Dynamic value and material flow modeling maps input and output flows of processes by means of digitization. In a methodical approach consisting of five steps, SMEs with existing plant and machine parks (brownfield approach) can be successfully introduced to the digitization of production: A digital shadow of a defined process enables a real-time and real data-based monitoring and key figure system for individual and small series production. KW - Ressourcenefficienz KW - Digitalisierung KW - Industrie 4.0 KW - Wertstromanalyse KW - Stoffstromanalyse KW - digitaler Zwilling Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1515/zwf-2021-0012 VL - 116 IS - 1-2 SP - 58 EP - 63 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krommes, Sandra A1 - Tomaschko, Florian T1 - Conceptual framework of a digital twin fostering sustainable manufacturing in a brownfield approach of small volume production for SMEs T2 - Conference Proceedings of the 18th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing, October 5-7, 2022, Berlin N2 - SMEs are increasingly forced to shift to more sustainable manufacturing. Industry 4.0 can support the transformation and foster innovation. But, SMEs need solutions with a low barrier to entry in terms of investment, IT knowledge and capacities. A framework based on value and material flow analysis, low investments and user-oriented IT skills is proposed. As an example, it is implemented in the furniture industry and shows a digital twin in terms of monitoring the energy and material flows. In addition, a product-specific allocation of energy consumption, energy peak shaving and other applications are possible. KW - Industry 4.0 KW - sustainable manufacturing KW - green transformation of manufacturing KW - cyber-physicial production system KW - value and material flow analysis Y1 - 2023 UR - https://link.springer.com/book/9783031288401 VL - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 8 CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krommes, Sandra A1 - Schmidt, Felix ED - Calabrese, Giuseppe Giulio T1 - Business model analysis of electric mobility products and services JF - International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management IJATM N2 - The automotive value chain is experiencing significant transformation. Due to changed mobility use patterns and external conditions such as climate change, scarcity of resources and local air pollution, car manufacturers offer connectivity services and are forced to launch electric mobility. Most of the electric vehicles have additional, complementary products and services. As other market participants also engage in this field car manufacturers must decide whether they transform their business model. Therefore, the questions arise which are the determining key criteria for the business models, what are the business segments car manufacturers are engaged and how car manufacturers are preparing for the transformation. By using qualitative content analysis, key criteria for business model analysis are derived. The portfolio analysis of six car manufacturers in the German market unveils that a few car manufacturers are in an advanced state while others follow with a considerable lag, or even, are behind. KW - transformation of automobile sector; electric vehicle; electric mobility provider; additional; complementary services and products Y1 - 2017 VL - 2017 IS - Vol. 17 / No. 3 ER -