TY - JOUR A1 - Pecqueur, Sébastien A1 - Maltenberger, Anna A1 - Petrukhina, Marina A. A1 - Halik, Marcus A1 - Jaeger, Arndt A1 - Pentlehner, Dominik A1 - Schmid, Günter T1 - Bismut-haltige p-Dotanden mit großer Bandlücke für optoelektronische Anwendungen JF - Angewandte Chemie N2 - Zehn neue p‐Dotanden für die Leitfähigkeitsdotierung von organischen Halbleitern wurden identifiziert. Der wesentliche Vorteil der elektrophilen Tris(carboxylato)‐Bismut(III)‐Verbindungen ist die niedrige Absorption der damit dotierten Schichten. Diese Eigenschaft zusammen mit ihren niedrigen Herstellungskosten sowie der guten Verdampfbarkeit und Stabilität macht diese Dotanden sehr attraktiv für Anwendungen in der organischen Elektronik. KW - p-Dotanden KW - Organische Halbleiter KW - Bismut Y1 - 2016 IS - 128(35) PB - Wiley-VCH Verlag CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pecqueur, Sébastien A1 - Maltenberger, Anna A1 - Petrukhina, Marina A. A1 - Halik, Marcus A1 - Jaeger, Arndt A1 - Pentlehner, Dominik A1 - Schmid, Günter T1 - Wide Band-Gap Bismuth-based p-Dopants for Opto-Electronic Applications JF - Angewandte Chemie International Edition N2 - Ten new efficient p‐dopants for conductivity doping of organic semiconductors for OLEDs are identified. The key advantage of the electrophilic tris(carboxylato) bismuth(III) compounds is the unique low absorption of the resulting doped layers which promotes the efficiency of OLED devices. The combination of these features with their low fabrication cost, volatility, and stability, make these materials very attractive as dopants in organic electronics. KW - p-Dopants KW - Bismuth KW - OLED Y1 - 2016 IS - 55 PB - Wiley-VCH Verlag CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Christiansen, Lars A1 - Nielsen, Jens H. A1 - Christensen, Lauge A1 - Shepperson, Benjamin A1 - Pentlehner, Dominik A1 - Stapelfeldt, Henrik T1 - Laser-induced Coulomb explosion of 1,4–diiodobenzene molecules: Studies of isolated molecules and molecules in helium nanodroplets JF - Physical Review A N2 - Coulomb explosion of 1,4–diiodobenzene molecules, isolated or embedded in helium nanodroplets, is induced by irradiation with an intense femtosecond laser pulse. The recoiling ion fragments are probed by time-of-flight measurements and two-dimensional velocity map imaging. Correlation analysis of the emission directions of I+ ions recoiling from each end of the molecules reveals significant deviation from axial recoil, i.e., where the I+ ions leave strictly along the I-I symmetry axis. For isolated molecules, the relative angular distribution of the I+ ions is centered at 180∘, corresponding to perfect axial recoil, but with a full width at half maximum of 30∘. For molecules inside He droplets, the width of the distribution increases to 45∘. These results provide a direct measure of the accuracy of Coulomb explosion as a probe of the spatial orientation of molecules, which is particularly relevant in connection with laser-induced molecular alignment and orientation. In addition, our studies show how it is possible to identify fragmentation pathways of the Coulomb explosion for the isolated 1,4–diiodobenzene molecules. Finally, for the 1,4–diiodobenzene molecules in He droplets, it is shown that the angular correlation between fragments from the Coulomb explosion is preserved after they have interacted with the He environment. KW - Isolated Molecules KW - Helium nanodroplets KW - Coulomb explosion Y1 - 2016 IS - 93 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Christiansen, Lars A1 - Nielsen, Jens H. A1 - Pentlehner, Dominik A1 - Underwood, Jonathan G. A1 - Stapelfeldt, Henrik T1 - Alignment enhancement of molecules embedded in helium nanodroplets by multiple laser pulses JF - Physical Review A N2 - We show experimentally that field-free one-dimensional (1D) alignment of 1,4-diiodobenzene molecules embedded in helium nanodroplets, induced by a single, linearly polarized 200-fs laser pulse, can be significantly enhanced by using two or four optimally synchronized laser pulses. The strongest degree of 1D alignment is obtained with four pulses and gives ⟨cos2θ⟩>0.60. Besides the immediate implications for molecular frame studies, our results pave the way for more general manipulation of rotational motion of molecules in He droplets. KW - Isolated Molecules KW - Helium nanodroplets Y1 - 2015 IS - 92 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pentlehner, Dominik A1 - Slenczka, Alkwin T1 - Helium induced fine structure in the electronic spectra of anthracene derivatives doped into superfluid helium nanodroplets JF - The Journal of Chemical Physics N2 - Electronic spectra of organic molecules doped into superfluid helium nanodroplets show characteristic features induced by the helium environment. Besides a solvent induced shift of the electronic transition frequency, in many cases, a spectral fine structure can be resolved for electronic and vibronic transitions which goes beyond the expected feature of a zero phonon line accompanied by a phonon wing as known from matrix isolation spectroscopy. The spectral shape of the zero phonon line and the helium induced phonon wing depends strongly on the dopant species. Phonon wings, for example, are reported ranging from single or multiple sharp transitions to broad (Δν > 100 cm−1) diffuse signals. Despite the large number of example spectra in the literature, a quantitative understanding of the helium induced fine structure of the zero phonon line and the phonon wing is missing. Our approach is a systematic investigation of related molecular compounds, which may help to shed light on this key feature of microsolvation in superfluid helium droplets. This paper is part of a comparative study of the helium induced fine structure observed in electronic spectra of anthracene derivatives with particular emphasis on a spectrally sharp multiplet splitting at the electronic origin. In addition to previously discussed species, 9-cyanoanthracene and 9-chloroanthracene will be presented in this study for the first time. KW - Superfluid helium nanodroplets KW - Anthracene derivates Y1 - 2015 IS - 142 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Premke, Tobias A1 - Wirths, Eva-Maria A1 - Pentlehner, Dominik A1 - Riechers, Ricarda A1 - Lehnig, Rudolf A1 - Vdovin, Alexander A1 - Slenczka, Alkwin T1 - Microsolvation of molecules in superfluid helium nanodroplets revealed by means of electronic spectroscopy JF - Frontiers in Chemistry N2 - The empirical model explaining microsolvation of molecules in superfluid helium droplets proposes a non-superfluid helium solvation layer enclosing the dopant molecule. This model warrants an empirical explanation of any helium induced substructure resolved for electronic transitions of molecules in helium droplets. Despite a wealth of such experimental data, quantitative modeling of spectra is still in its infancy. The theoretical treatment of such many-particle systems dissolved into a quantum fluid is a challenge. Moreover, the success of theoretical activities relies also on the accuracy and self-critical communication of experimental data. This will be elucidated by a critical resume of our own experimental work done within the last ten years. We come to the conclusion that spectroscopic data and among others in particular the spectral resolution depend strongly on experimental conditions. Moreover, despite the fact that none of the helium induced fine structure speaks against the empirical model for solvation in helium droplets, in many cases an unequivocal assignment of the spectroscopic details is not possible. This ambiguity needs to be considered and a careful and critical communication of experimental results is essential in order to promote success in quantitatively understanding microsolvation in superfluid helium nanodroplets. KW - Microsolvation of molecules KW - Helium nanodroplets KW - Electronic spectroscopy Y1 - 2014 VL - 2014 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hansen, Jonas A1 - Omiste, Juan J. A1 - Nielsen, Jens H. A1 - Pentlehner, Dominik A1 - Küpper, Jochen A1 - González-Férez, Rosario A1 - Stapelfeldt, Henrik T1 - Mixed-field orientation of molecules without rotational symmetry JF - The Journal of Chemical Physics N2 - The mixed-field orientation of an asymmetric-rotor molecule with its permanent dipole moment nonparallel to the principal axes of polarizability is investigated experimentally and theoretically. We find that for the typical case of a strong, nonresonant laser field and a weak static electric field complete 3D orientation is induced if the laser field is elliptically polarized and if its major and minor polarization axes are not parallel to the static field. For a linearly polarized laser field solely the dipole moment component along the most polarizable axis of the molecule is relevant resulting in 1D orientation even when the laser polarization and the static field are nonparallel. Simulations show that the dipole moment component perpendicular to the most-polarizable axis becomes relevant in a strong dc electric field combined with the laser field. This offers an alternative approach to 3D orientation by combining a linearly polarized laser field and a strong dc electric field arranged at an angle equal to the angle between the most polarizable axis of the molecule and its permanent dipole moment. KW - Asymmetric-rotor molecule KW - Mixed-field orientation Y1 - 2013 IS - 139 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riechers, Rudolf A1 - Pentlehner, Dominik A1 - Slenczka, Alkwin T1 - Microsolvation in superfluid helium droplets studied by the electronic spectra of six porphyrin derivatives and one chlorine compound JF - The Journal of Chemical Physics N2 - After almost two decades of high resolution molecular spectroscopy in superfluid helium droplets, the understanding of microsolvation is still the subject of intense experimental and theoretical research. According to the published spectroscopic work including microwave, infrared, and electronic spectroscopy, the latter appears to be particularly promising to study microsolvation because of the appearance of pure molecular transitions and spectrally separated phonon wings. Instead of studying the very details of the influence of the helium environment for one particular dopant molecule as previously done for phthalocyanine, the present study compares electronic spectra of a series of non-polar porphyrin derivatives when doped into helium droplets consisting of 104–105 helium atoms. Thereby, we focus on the helium-induced fine structure, as revealed most clearly at the corresponding electronic origin. The interpretation and the assignment of particular features obtained in the fluorescence excitation spectra are based on additional investigations of dispersed emission spectra and of the saturation behavior. Besides many dopant-specific results, the experimental study provides strong evidence for a particular triple peak feature representing the characteristic signature of helium solvation for all seven related dopant species. KW - Superfluid helium droplets KW - Porphyrin derivatives KW - Chlorine compound Y1 - 2013 IS - 138 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pentlehner, Dominik A1 - Nielsen, Jens H. A1 - Christiansen, Lars A1 - Slenczka, Alkwin A1 - Stapelfeldt, Henrik T1 - Laser Induced Adiabatic Alignment of Molecules Dissolved in Helium Nanodroplets JF - Physical Review A N2 - A moderately intense, nonresonant, linearly polarized nanosecond laser pulse is used to induce one-dimensional (1D) adiabatic alignment of 1,4 diiodobenzene (C6H4I2), iodobenzene (C6H5I), and methyliodide (CH3I) molecules dissolved in helium nanodroplets. The alignment sharpens as the laser intensity is increased, similar to the behavior in gas phase. For diiodobenzene the highest degree of alignment, ⟨cos2θ2D⟩=0.90, is essentially identical to the value obtained for isolated molecules in a supersonic beam, whereas the highest degrees of alignment for iodobenzene and for methyliodide in helium droplets fall below the values obtained for isolated molecules. We believe this is due to the deviation from axial recoil in the Coulomb explosion process that probes the alignment of the molecules in the He droplets. KW - Helium nanodroplets KW - Linearly polarized nanosecond laser pulse Y1 - 2013 IS - 87 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pentlehner, Dominik A1 - Nielsen, Jens H. A1 - Slenczka, Alkwin A1 - Mølmer, Klaus A1 - Stapelfeldt, Henrik T1 - Impulsive Laser Induced Alignment of Molecules Dissolved in Helium Nanodroplets JF - Physical Review Letters N2 - We show that a 450 fs nonresonant, moderately intense, linearly polarized laser pulse can induce field-free molecular axis alignment of methyliodide (CH3I) molecules dissolved in a helium nanodroplet. Time-resolved measurements reveal rotational dynamics much slower than that of isolated molecules and absence of the sharp transient alignment recurrences characteristic of gas phase molecules. Our results presage a range of new opportunities for exploring both molecular dynamics in a dissipative environment and the properties of He nanodroplets. KW - Helium nanodroplets KW - mpulsive Laser Induced Alignment Y1 - 2013 IS - 110 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Slenczka, Alkwin A1 - Pentlehner, Dominik T1 - Electronic spectroscopy of 9,10-dichloroanthracene inside helium droplets JF - The Journal of Chemical Physics N2 - The spectroscopy of molecules doped into superfluid helium droplets provides information on both, the dopant molecule and the helium environment. Electronic spectra of 9,10-dichloroanthracene in helium droplets are presented and compared with corresponding gas phase spectra to unravel the influence of the helium environment. The combined investigation of fluorescence excitation and dispersed emission provides information on dynamic processes in addition to energetic conditions. For vibronic states, the helium induced decay channels dominate over all intramolecular channels that contribute to the gas phase behavior. In addition to the triplet splitting caused by the Cl isotopes, a fine structure resolved for all transitions in the fluorescence excitation spectrum was found, which is the signature of microsolvation of this compound in helium droplets. This fine structure is identified as a single pure molecular transition accompanied by a sharply structured phonon wing. The corresponding fine structure measured for bare anthracene shows remarkable differences. KW - Helium nanodroplets KW - Emission spectroscopy KW - Doppler effect Y1 - 2013 IS - 138 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pentlehner, Dominik A1 - Slenczka, Alkwin T1 - Microsolvation of anthracene inside superfluid helium nanodroplets JF - Journal of Molecular Physics, Special Issue: Dudley Herschbach Festschrift N2 - This article reports on the microsolvation of anthracene in superfluid helium nanodroplets as revealed by electronic spectroscopy. Among the polyacene molecules benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, tetracene and pentacene only anthracene and tetracene have been found to exhibit multiplet splitting of the electronic and vibronic transitions which can not be explained by a rotational fine structure. The experimental approach for the investigation of the multiplet is the combined investigation of the fluorescence excitation spectrum and dispersed emission spectra. New experimental data are presented on the microsolvation of anthracene in helium droplets. A detailed analysis of the anthracene data will be contrasted to corresponding data on tetracene. These data together with those reported for benzene, naphthalene and pentacene might serve to test and develop theoretical models which are needed to understand microsolvation of single molecules in superfluid helium droplets. KW - Helium nanodroplets KW - Anthracene KW - Tetracene KW - Micro-Solvation Y1 - 2012 IS - 110 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pentlehner, Dominik A1 - Riechers, R. A1 - Vdovin, A. A1 - Pötzl, G.M. A1 - Slenczka, A. T1 - Electronic spectroscopy of molecules in superfluid helium nanodroplets: an excellent sensor for intramolecular charge redistribution JF - The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Special Issue: J. Peter Toennies Festschrift N2 - Electronic spectra of molecules doped into superfluid 4He nanodroplets reveal important details of the microsolvation in superfluid helium. The vibrational fine structure in the electronic spectra of phthalocyanine derivatives and pyrromethene dye molecules doped into superfluid helium droplets have been investigated. Together with previous studies on anthracene derivatives [J. Chem. Phys.2010, 133, 114505] and 3-hydroxyflavone [J. Chem. Phys.2009, 131, 194307], the line shapes vary between two limiting cases, namely, sharp Lorentzians and nonresolved vibrational fine structure. All different spectral signatures are initiated by the same effect, namely, the change of the electron density distribution initiated by the electronic excitation. This change can be quantified by the difference of the electrostatic moments of the molecule in the electronic ground state and the corresponding Franck–Condon point in the excited state. According to the experimental data, electronic spectroscopy suffers from drastic line broadening when accompanied by significant changes of the charge distribution, in particular, changes of the dipole moment. Vice versa, the vibrational fine structure in electronic spectra of molecules doped into helium droplets is highly sensitive to changes of the electron density distribution. KW - Helium nanodroplets KW - Anthracene KW - Electronic spectroscopy Y1 - 2011 IS - 115 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stromeck-Faderl, A. A1 - Pentlehner, Dominik A1 - Kensy, U. A1 - Dick, B. T1 - High-resolution electronic spectroscopy of the BODIPY chromophore in supersonic beam and superfluid helium droplets JF - CHEM-PHYS-CHEM, Special Issue: Laser Chemistry and Spectroscopy N2 - We present the fluorescence excitation and dispersed emission spectra of the parent compound of the boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dye class measured in a supersonic beam and isolated in superfluid helium nanodroplets. The gas‐phase spectrum of the isolated molecules displays many low‐frequency transitions that are assigned to a symmetry‐breaking mode with a strongly nonharmonic potential, presumably the out‐of‐plane wagging mode of the BF2 group. The data are in good agreement with transition energies and Franck–Condon factors calculated for a double minimum potential in the upper electronic state. The corresponding transitions do not appear in the helium droplet. This is explained with the quasi‐rigid first layer of helium atoms attached to the dopant molecule by van der Waals forces. The spectral characteristics are those of a cyanine dye rather than that of an aromatic chromophore. KW - Helium nanodroplets KW - Electronic spectroscopy KW - BODIPY Chromophore Y1 - 2011 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pentlehner, Dominik A1 - Greil, Ch. A1 - Dick, B. A1 - Slenczka, Alkwin T1 - Line broadening in electronic spectra of anthracene derivatives inside superfluid helium nanodroplets JF - The Journal of Chemical Physics N2 - Electronic spectroscopy of molecules profits greatly from superfluid helium droplets serving as a gentle cryogenic matrix. Characteristic features of electronic spectra in helium droplets are a solvent shift, phonon wings, and in rare cases a splitting of zero phonon lines. For the majority of molecules investigated so far in helium droplets the vibrational fine structure in electronic spectra resembles what was observed in a supersonic jet. The electronic spectra of three methylated anthracene derivatives and one phenylated anthracene discussed in this paper reveal remarkable effects in the vibrational fine structure due to solvation in helium droplets. For all four compounds the vibrational frequencies were almost not affected by the helium environment. However, if the electronic excitation is accompanied by nuclear rearrangement, the spectra showed remarkable line broadening in helium droplets. This is the case for 2-methylanthracene and 9-phenylanthracene. The corresponding line shape was of Lorentzian type and, thus, attributed to damping of the excited system by the helium environment. According to the linewidth the damping time constant was determined to be about 0.3 ps in the case of 2-methylanthracene and 0.1 ps for 9-phenylanthracene. KW - Helium nanodroplets KW - Anthracene derivates KW - Electronic spectroscopy Y1 - 2010 IS - 133 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lehnig, R. A1 - Pentlehner, Dominik A1 - Vdovin, A. A1 - Dick, B. A1 - Slenczka, Alkwin T1 - Photochemistry of 3-hydroxyflavone inside superfluid helium nanodroplets JF - The Journal of Chemical Physics N2 - 3-hydroxyflavone is a prototype system for excited state intramolecular proton transfer which is one step of a closed loop photocycle. It was intensively studied for the bare molecule and for the influence of solvents. In the present paper this photocycle is investigated for 3-hydroxyflavone and some hydrated complexes when doped into superfluid helium droplets by the combined measurement of fluorescence excitation spectra and dispersed emission spectra. Significant discrepancies in the proton transfer behavior to gas phase experiments provide evidence for the presence of different complex configurations of the hydrated complexes in helium droplets. Moreover, for bare 3-hydroxyflavone and its hydrated complexes the proton transfer appears to be promoted by the helium environment. KW - Helium nanodroplets KW - Atomic and molecular spectra KW - Photochemistry Y1 - 2009 IS - 131 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pentlehner, Dominik A1 - Riechers, Ricarda A1 - Dick, B. A1 - Slenczka, Alkwin A1 - Even, U. A1 - Lavie, N. A1 - Brown, R. A1 - Luria, K. T1 - Rapidly pulsed helium droplet source JF - Review of scientific instruments N2 - A pulsed valve connected to a closed-cycle cryostat was optimized for producing helium droplets. The pulsed droplet beam appeared with a bimodal size distribution. The leading part of the pulse consists of droplets suitable for doping with molecules. The average size of this part can be varied between 104 and 106 helium atoms, and the width of the distribution is smaller as compared to a continuous-flow droplet source. The system has been tested in a single pulse mode and at repetition rates of up to 500 Hz with almost constant intensity. The droplet density was found to be increased by more than an order of magnitude as compared to a continuous-flow droplet source. KW - Scientific instruments KW - Helium nanodroplets KW - Superfluids Y1 - 2009 IS - 80 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mak, C. S. K. A1 - Pentlehner, Dominik A1 - Stich, M. A1 - Wolfbeis, O. A1 - Chan, W. K. A1 - Yersin, H. T1 - Exceptional Oxygen Sensing Capabilities and Triplet State Properties of Ir(ppy-NPh2)3 JF - Chemistry of Materials N2 - Strong oxygen quenching following a Stern−Volmer behavior of Ir(ppy-NPh2)3 demonstrates the high technological potential for oxygen sensing applications. This compound exhibits a phosphorescence quantum yield of 70% and an emission decay time of 4.3 μs in deaerated solution. The electronic structure of the emitting triplet, being responsible for these properties, is investigated. KW - Oxygen sensing applications KW - Electronic structure KW - Triplet State Properties KW - Ir(ppy-NPh2)3 Y1 - 2009 IS - 21 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pentlehner, Dominik A1 - Grau, I. A1 - Yersin, H. T1 - Triplet State Properties of [Os(phen)2dppene]2+ in different host materials and host to guest energy transfer in PVK JF - Chemical Physics Letters N2 - Emission properties of [Os(phen)2(dppene)]2+ were investigated from 1.4 to 300 K in ethanol, PMMA, and PVK, a matrix which is frequently applied in OLEDs. These data provide the zero-field splitting values of the emitting T1 state and the individual decay times of its substates. The T1 state is assigned to be largely of MLCT character. The splittings change only moderately due to variation of the matrix, whereas the individual decay times are substantially affected. Further, energy transfer from the triplet state of PVK to [Os(phen)2(dppene)]2+ was studied by applying time-resolved emission spectroscopy and is assigned to be dominantly of Dexter type. KW - Os(phen)2(dppene)]2+ KW - Energy transfer in PVK KW - Electroluminescent devices Y1 - 2008 IS - 455 ER -