TY - JOUR A1 - Mayr, Andreas R. A1 - Gibbs, Barry T1 - Approximate method for obtaining source quantities for calculation of structure-borne sound transmission into lightweight buildings JF - Applied Acoustics N2 - An approximate approach is described, for obtaining the source quantities required for the calculation of structure-borne sound power from machines into supporting lightweight building elements. The approach is in two stages, which are based on existing international Standards for measurement. The first stage involves direct measurement of the source free velocity at each contact, to give the sum of the square velocities. The second stage is based on the reception plate method and yields the single equivalent blocked force, which approximates the sum of the square blocked forces. The applicability of the source data obtained has been investigated in a case study of a fan unit on a timber joist floor. The approach contains several significant simplifying assumptions and the uncertainties associated with them are considered. For the case considered, the power transmitted into the floor is estimated by the approximate method to within 5 dB of the true value, on average. KW - Schallmesstechnik KW - Leichtbau Y1 - 2016 VL - 2016 IS - 110 SP - 81 EP - 90 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mayr, Andreas R. A1 - Gibbs, Barry A1 - Fischer, Heinz Martin T1 - Consideration of vibration sources in buildings on a power basis T2 - 13th International Congress on Sound and Vibration, ICSV13, Vienna, Austria, July 2006. KW - Vibration sources KW - Sound measurement Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mayr, Andreas R. A1 - Gibbs, Barry A1 - Fischer, Heinz Martin T1 - Structure-borne sound transmission in lightweight buildings: Consideration of an equivalent single receiver mobility T2 - DAGA 2007, Deutsche Jahrestagung für Akustik, Stuttgart. KW - Sound tramsmission KW - Lightweight buildings Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mayr, Andreas R. A1 - Gibbs, Barry T1 - On the use of a single equivalent receiver mobility in lightweight buildings. T2 - 19th International Congress on Acoustics 2007 (ICA 2007), Madrid, Spain, September 2007. KW - Lightweight buildings KW - Single equivalent receiver Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mayr, Andreas A1 - Gibbs, Barry A1 - Fischer, Heinz Martin T1 - Spatial variation of the point mobility of a timber joist floor T2 - DAGA 2008, Deutsche Jahrestagung für Akustik, Dresden. KW - Point mobility KW - Timber joist floor KW - Spatial variation Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mayr, Andreas A1 - Gibbs, Barry T1 - Approximation of single equivalent mobilities of timber joist floors. T2 - Acoustics 2008, Paris, France N2 - To estimate the structure-borne sound power of vibrational active machines or components two source quantities, corresponding to the source activity and mobility, and one receiver quantity, the mobility, are usually required. A practical, laboratory-based measurement procedure for the characterisation of mechanical installations has recently been proposed, which yields single equivalent values of source strength and source mobility. In order to predict the power in the installed condition, an estimate of the receiver mobility also is required, again, for practical reasons, in the form of a single equivalent value. This paper considers the single equivalent receiver mobilities for lightweight building structures - timber joist floors. The value obtained is in the form of the average magnitude of the effective mobilities over the contact points. A simple prediction method is proposed for point- and transfer mobilities (both are required to yield the effective mobility at each contact) based on infinite beam and infinite plate behaviour. Estimates for point-, transfer- and single equivalent receiver mobilities are discussed and compared with measured data. KW - single equivalent mobilities KW - Timber joist floor Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gibbs, Barry A1 - Mayr, Andreas T1 - Structure-borne sound transmission from machines into ribbed structures. T2 - Acoustics 2008, Paris, France N2 - The total structure-borne sound power of an installed machine is a function of the source activity and mobility, and the receiver mobility, at each contact and for each component of excitation. The data and computational requirements for prediction therefore are large. Manufacturers view their products as single entities and desire corresponding single values of source strength. A laboratory reception plate measurement procedure has been proposed which yields single equivalent values of source strength and source mobility. The source data, in combination with an estimate of the single equivalent value of receiver mobility, yields the approximate total installed power. The accuracy of the estimate is dependent on the spatial variation in contact conditions over the connections. In addition, phase information has been lost in the simplification. Case studies are described for multiple contact sources on a non-homogeneous plate (a timber-joist floor) where the approximate estimates of structure-borne power are compared with exact values obtained from full mobility formulations. KW - Sound trasmissions KW - ribbed structures Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gibbs, Barry A1 - Mayr, Andreas T1 - Structure-borne sound from machines in lightweight buildings. T2 - 15th International Congress on Sound and Vibration (ICSV15), July 2008, Daejeon, Korea N2 - A practical method is proposed for predicting the total structure-borne sound transmission from machines installed in lightweight buildings. The total structure-borne sound power is a function of the source activity and mobility, and the receiver mobility, at each contact and for each component of excitation. The data and computational requirements for prediction normally are large and are required to be in complex form for the cases where source mobility and receiver mobility are of the same magnitude. This can occur in lightweight framed buildings. However, manufacturers view their products as single entities and desire corresponding single values of source strength. They also desire simple measurement methods and the data obtained to be in octave or one-third octaves. A laboratory reception plate measurement procedure has been proposed which yields single equivalent values of source strength and source mobility. The source data, in combination with an estimate of the single equivalent value of receiver mobility, yields a simple prediction of the total installed power. The accuracy of the simple prediction depends on the spatial variation in contact conditions. For example, the receiver mobility over a joist is likely to be significantly lower than for positions between joists. Case studies are described for multiple contact sources on a timber-joist floor where the simple predictions are compared with exact values obtained from a full mobility formulation. KW - Structure-born sound KW - Lightweight buildings Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mayr, Andreas R. A1 - Gibbs, Barry T1 - On the use of single equivalent excitation to estimate the structure-borne sound power from machines on timber joist floors T2 - 16th International Congress on Sound and Vibration, ISCV16, Krakòw, Poland, July 2009. N2 - Vibrational active sources introduce structure-borne sound power to the supporting structure through all contact points and by up to six components of excitation. The total structure-borne sound power is a function of source activity, source mobility and receiver mobility and receiver mobility is expected to vary significantly with source position on lightweight structures such as timber joist floors. A case study is presented, in which the spatial variation in structure-borne sound power is examined for a fan unit mounted on a timber joist floor. The exact structure-borne power is obtained from measured source free velocity, and measured source and receiver mobility, where forces are assumed the dominant excitation mechanism. The exact calculations are computationally intensive and require large data sets, and this is generally not a practical approach for prediction purposes. In addition, manufacturers view their products as single entities and desire corresponding single values of source strength. A laboratory reception plate measurement procedure has recently been proposed which yields single equivalent values of source strength and source mobility. This paper investigates if this collapsed data format appropriately describes the dynamic behaviour of the source and especially inhomogeneous receiver structures, to obtain estimates of total structure-borne sound power within acceptable accuracy. Since measured receiver data is usually not available, an approximate method is described, of estimating the point and transfer mobility, based on infinite beam and infinite plate behaviour. The single equivalent receiver mobility then is easily obtained and, when used in combination with single equivalent source data, yields an approximate prediction of the total installed power. Single equivalent estimates of structure-borne sound power are compared with exact values obtained from full mobility formulations. Results indicate that the accuracy of the approximate prediction may be sufficient for such installations. KW - single equivalent exitation KW - Structure-born sound power KW - Timber joist floors Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mayr, Andreas R. A1 - Gibbs, Barry T1 - Single equivalent excitation for the structure-borne power from machines on ribbed-plate structures T2 - Noise and Vibration: Emerging Methods, NOVEM 2009, Oxford, United Kingdom. N2 - Machines impart structure-borne power into connected and supporting structures through all contact points and by up to six components of excitation. It is recognised that considering all transmission paths for prediction purposes generally is not a practical approach, due to the large data and computational requirements. Reduced data sets and less computationally demanding procedures are sought which give the total power to the accuracy appropriate for the particular engineering design requirement. In this paper, single equivalent source and receiver values are considered for machines on ribbed-plate structures. In this case, large variations in the structural dynamics at the contact positions can be expected, and spatial averaging will lead to loss of accuracy. Single equivalent values have been assembled from measured source and receiver data. Case studies are described, for a fan unit and a whirlpool bath, on a timber-joist floor, which is a complicated periodic point-connected plate-rib structure. Approximate estimates of structure-borne power are compared with exact values obtained from full mobility matrix formulations. The case studies presented indicate the loss of accuracy of the prediction, which, in many situations, may be sufficiently small to allow such simplifications. KW - Structure-born power KW - ribbed-plate structures Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mayr, Andreas R. A1 - Gibbs, Barry A1 - Fischer, Heinz Martin T1 - On force- and moment mobilities of a timber joist floor T2 - 35th German Annual Conference on Acoustics (DAGA), Rotterdam, March 2009. N2 - In wood framed buildings, floors are formed by fastening wood sheathing to joists spaced at a regular interval. The sheathing is typically fastened to the joist using screws so the resulting system is a complicated periodic point-connected plate-rib structure. It is shown that the point force mobility varies significantly with position. A machine installation generally is close to discontinuities, such as at: floor edges, joist-screw locations, joints between the sheathing plates, and due to workmanship. In such cases, moment excitation might become important at some frequencies and the neglect of moments a priori can ead to inaccurate prediction of the total emission. This paper presents measured point moment mobilities with respect to the distance to discontinuities for a timber joist floor where a single layer of chipboard forms the sheathing. It is shownthat the measured point moment mobility indicates an infinite plate behaviour. This includes for positions above a joist but between screw positions. To determine the relative contribution of moments and perpendicular forces to the total structure-borne sound power, case studies of two sources, a fan unit and a whirlpool bath, are described, for various locations on a timber joist floor. KW - Force- and moment mobilities KW - Timber joist floor Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mayr, Andreas R. A1 - Gibbs, Barry T1 - Point and transfer mobility of point-connected ribbed plates JF - Journal of Sound and Vibration N2 - The work reported in this paper addresses the problem of structure-borne sound transmission between vibrating sources and ribbed-plate receiver structures. Vibrating sources, such as pumps, motors, fans, etc., transmit vibro-acoustic power, causing noise complaints by occupants in cars, trains, aircraft, buildings and/or material fatigue and damage. The transmission process is complicated in that sources transmit power through several contacts and by up to six components of excitation at each contact. The structure-borne sound power is a function of source activity, source mobility and receiver mobility, and all three quantities must be known to some degree. For non-homogeneous receiver structures, such as thin-plate cavity constructions or lightweight framed constructions, the sheathing plates are typically fastened to the framing members using bolts, screws or spot-welded joints. Hence the resulting system is a point-connected ribbed plate structure and the receiver mobility is expected to vary significantly with position. Since measured receiver data seldom is available for prediction purposes, a method of estimating the point and transfer mobility of point connected ribbed plates is required. In this paper, an approximate approach, based on substitution forces, is described. The model uses infinite beam and infinite plate behaviour as input quantities. Estimates of point and transfer mobility are compared with measured results using a timber joist floor construction as an example. KW - Point and transfer mobility KW - point-connected ribbed plates Y1 - 2011 IS - 330 (2011) SP - 4798 EP - 4812 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gibbs, Barry A1 - Mayr, Andreas R. T1 - Estimates of mobility for prediction of structure-borne sound transmission in buildings T2 - 19th International Congress on Sound and Vibration, ICSV19, Vilnius, Lithuania, July 2012. N2 - This paper aims to provide a practical approach to the prediction of structure-borne sound power of mechanical installations in buildings. For structure-borne power, two source quantities, activity and mobility, are required, in combination with one receiver quantity, the receiver mobility. The source activity, in the form of free velocity or blocked force, is usually measured. For source mobility and receiver mobility, estimates, based on simple expressions, can provide a useful starting point. Also, machine bases may be categorised as: compact, plate-like, flanged or framed. Receiver structures, floors and walls, may be categorised as: plate-like, ribbed plate or framed plate. The estimates of source mobility are based on the rigid body value, the characteristic plate mobility and the fundamental plate frequency. For ribbed and framed plate structures, the mobility will vary with location, but again simple estimates of mobility, based on characteristic values and distance from the ribs, are possible. KW - Structure-born sound transmission KW - Estimates of mobility Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mayr, Andreas R. A1 - Gibbs, Barry T1 - Single equivalent approximation for multiple contact structure-borne sound sources in buildings JF - Acta Acoustica unitet with Acoustica N2 - The work reported in the paper addresses structure-borne sound transmission between multiple contact sources and non homogeneous plate receiver structures. This study concentrates on a practical method of predicting the installed structure-borne sound power from mechanical installations in lightweight buildings. The structure-borne sound power is a function of source activity, source mobility and receiver mobility, and all three quantities must be known to some degree. It is rarely practical to consider all transmission paths individually and in detail, and therefore, reduced data sets and less computationally demanding procedures are proposed. The paper examines how source data can be used to assemble single equivalent values, using spatial averages and magnitudes. Single equivalent values of receiver mobility also are proposed for lightweight, point-connected ribbed plate constructions. In case studies, the single equivalent values are used for predicting the structure-borne power in the installed condition. KW - Single Equivalent Approximation KW - Contact Structure-Borne Sound Sources in Buildings KW - Sound transmission Y1 - 2012 IS - 98 (2012) SP - 402 EP - 410 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gibbs, Barry M. A1 - Mayr, Andreas R. T1 - Source quantities for vibro-acoustic transmission into lightweight building elements T2 - Proceedings of Inter-Noise 2016 KW - Körperschall KW - HolzLeichtBau KW - Körperschallquellen KW - Transmission KW - Installationen Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-939296-11-9 ER -