TY - CHAP A1 - Hirschmüller, Sebastian A1 - Marais, Brendan A1 - Brischke, Christian A1 - Krey, Adrian A1 - Bösing, Janine ED - The International Research Group on Wood Protection, T1 - Wood protection with cement – Part 1: Coating matters and durability of cement coated wood T2 - Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting. IRG/WP 20-60483. 51th IRG Annual Meeting N2 - The use of wood in geotechnical applications has seen renewed interest. However, concerns related to the durability and service life of wood in ground contact applications remain. Wood has the potential to substitute commonly used steel and concrete in the geotechnical engineering sector, but solutions to extending the service life and maintenance intervals require long-lasting wood protection systems capable of inhibiting fungal and bacterial decay. Cement, one of the constituents of concrete was identified as a potential coating material for wood used in soil stabilisation works. Spruce and beech wood rest rolls from commercial veneer peeling has been identified as a potential source for cement-coated geotechnical wood products. Norway spruce and European beech wood was subsequently used in this study. In this study, a series of tests related to dimensional stability and fungal durability were undertaken to investigate the adhesion of a cement coating to wood and to assess the effect of a cement coating on the resistance to fungal decay. Swelling and shrinkage tests of uncoated specimens were undertaken to investigate dimensional stability. Laboratory fungal durability tests assessed changes in wood durability of specimens coated with a novel, flexural cement coating. Wood impregnated with Polyethyleneglycol-dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) prior to cement coating was investigated to improve wood dimensional stability and reduce cracking of the cement coating under changing wood moisture conditions. Cement coating thickness and delamination tests then assessed the durability of the novel cement coating itself. Results from fungal durability tests showed that a continuous, flexural, and crack-free cement coating was imperative to a wood durability improvement. Double cement-coated spruce wood showed improved resistance to decay by basidiomycetes (Coniphora puteana and Trametes versicolor). Results from swelling and shrinkage tests showed that an improvement in dimensional stability would assist in achieving a durable cement coating and impregnation with Polyethyleneglycol-dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) is one manner to improve dimensional stability and therefore cement adhesion to the wood substrate. KW - Coating KW - Cement KW - Durability KW - PEGDMA KW - pH KW - Wooden pilings Y1 - 2020 SP - 1 EP - 25 PB - The International Research Group on Wood Protection 2020 CY - Stockholm ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirschmüller, Sebastian A1 - Kovryga, Andriy A1 - Unterberger, Seraphin A1 - Larbig, Harald A1 - Marais, Brendan A1 - Brischke, Christian A1 - van de Kuilen, Jan-Willem A1 - Krey, Adrian ED - Gerardin, Philippe ED - Militz, Holger T1 - Laminated veneer lumber made from cement-impregnated veneers T2 - The 10th European Conference on Wood Modification N2 - Typically, to improve the fire resistance of wood, chemical substances, including phosphorus, borate, phenols, nitrogen and halogen based compounds, are impregnated into the wooden material. However, due to problems related to the toxic properties of these fire-retardant compounds, new fire-retardancy methods based on a mineralization process have been developed. Cementitious mineralization of wood is a novel and alternative approach for a non-toxic flame retardant, with viable application in laminated veneer lumber. This paper briefly describes the effects of different solid impregnation materials on the thermal properties and fire retardance of beech veneers (Fagus sylvatica L.). Beech veneers were impregnated with a suspension of (i) microfine binder and glycol, (ii) microfine binder mixed with calcium oxalate monohydrate and glycol, and (iii) aluminium hydroxide and glycol, in a vacuum/high pressure process. Single-flame source tests of with different solids impregnated veneers revealed a considerable improvement in flame retardancy of cementitious mineralized beech veneers compared to untreated control specimens. KW - Zementimprägnierung; KW - Wood Modification Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krey, Adrian A1 - Zenz, Vitus A1 - Widera, Karolin A1 - List, Manuela A1 - Muscat, Dirk A1 - Strübbe, Nicole ED - Ediciones Uniandes, T1 - Reactive Extrusion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Produce Biopolymer Monomers using High-Energy Radiation and Catalytic Acids T2 - Proceedings of the 39th International Conference of the Polymer Processing Society (PPS-39) N2 - The increasing prevalence of bio-based and biodegradable plastics as an alternative to traditional plastics derived from crude oil is a noteworthy trend. Polybutylene succinate (PBS), a plastic produced from succinic acid, is among the promising materials for the future. However, the production of bio-based succinic acid through biotechnical processes in controlled environments presents challenges. This process leads to increased costs and is currently not economically competitive compared to crude oil-based succinic acid production. In addition to succinic acid, levulinic acid is another monomer produced in the same process. A novel approach to the digestion of biomass has been developed to address the issue of biotechnological production of bio-based platform chemicals. This innovative process employs microwave radiation, pressure, and temperature to convert wood residues into succinic acid and levulinic acid. Various catalyst concentrations and biomass ratios were tested in a batch process, with high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analyses revealing the formation of succinic acid, levulinic acid, formic acid, and 2 oxoglutaric acid. The results demonstrate that microwaves combined with a metal salt catalyst can be used to produce platform chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass. To further advance the continuous production of PBS, a twin-screw extruder was modified and adapted after the successful results obtained from the batch processes. This setup enables additional experiments to evaluate the transferability of batch process results to continuous reactions, facilitating the scale-up and economic viability of the overall PBS production process in the future. KW - Succinic Acid KW - Levulinic Acid KW - Biopolymer KW - Microwave KW - Wood Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.51573/Andes.PPS39.SS.BBB.6 SP - 329 EP - 337 ER -