TY - CHAP A1 - Brunsmeier, Martin A1 - Krommes, Sandra A1 - Auer, Veronika T1 - The role of innovation in managing new challenges in the forest-based sector at regional level in the EU T2 - 5th Forest Innovation Workshop KW - ONEforest KW - Bioeconomy KW - Forest Wood Value Chain Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Huber, Michael A1 - Krommes, Sandra T1 - Elektromobilität: Status, Bedarf und Potentiale öffentlicher Ladeinfrastruktur N2 - Die empirische Studie „Elektromobilität: Status, Bedarf und Potentiale öffentlicher Ladeinfrastruktur“ beschäftigt sich mit dem Status und den Geschäftsstrukturen von Versorgungsunternehmen im Geschäftsfeld der Elektromobilität sowie dem aktuellen Stand, den Planungen und den Entwicklungen im Bereich der öffentlichen Ladeinfrastruktur. Sie liefert Informationen zu der Bedeutung, der Struktur und der marktseitigen Ausgestaltung von den Geschäftsmodellen der öffentlichen Ladeinfrastruktur von Versorgungsunternehmen sowie den strategischen Implikationen hinsichtlich der zukünftigen Investitionen, Hürden, Anreize sowie dem erforderlichen Netzausbau und den Auswirkungen auf die Geschäftsmodelle der öffentlichen Ladeinfrastruktur. Die Studie wurde im Zeitraum April bis Juli 2019 erhoben. Insgesamt haben 33 Energieversorgungsunternehmen (EVU) aus dem gesamten Bundesgebiet an der Studie teilgenommen. Die 33 teilnehmenden Unternehmen sind je zu einem Drittel kleine, mittelgroße und große EVU, wobei sich die Charakterisierung nach der Größe an der Anzahl der Mitarbeiter orientiert. T3 - Rosenheimer Beiträge - 1 KW - Elektromobilität KW - Öffentliche Ladeinfrastruktur KW - Geschäftsmodelle Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:861-opus4-13320 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hummel, Sabine A1 - Obermeier, Katharina A1 - Zier, Katja A1 - Krommes, Sandra A1 - Schemme, Michael A1 - Karlinger, Peter T1 - Analysis of Mechanical Properties Related to Fiber Length of Closed-Loop-Recycled Offcuts of a Thermoplastic Fiber Composites (Organo Sheets) JF - Materials N2 - Increasing demand for energy-efficient means of transport has steadily intensified the trend towards lightweight components. Thermoplastic glass fiber composites (organo sheets) play a major role in the production of functional automotive components. Organo sheets are cut, shaped and functionalized by injection molding to produce hybrid components, such as those used in car door modules. The cutting process produces a considerable amount of production waste, which has thus far been thermally recycled. This study develops a closed mechanical recycling process and analyzes the different steps of the process. The offcuts were shredded using two shredding methods and implemented directly in the injection-molding process. Using tensile tests and impact bending tests, the material properties of the recycled materials were compared with the virgin material. In addition, fiber length degradation via the injection-molding process and the influence of the waterjet-cutting process on the mechanical properties are investigated. Recycled offcuts are both comparable to new material in terms of mechanical properties and usability, and are also economically and ecologically advantageous. Recycling polypropylene waste with glass fiber reinforcement in a closed loop is an effective way to reduce industrial waste in a sustainable and economical production process. KW - sustainability KW - fiber composites KW - recycling KW - renewable materials KW - manufacturing process KW - resource efficiency KW - emissions KW - degradation KW - characterization Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15113872 VL - 15 IS - 11 SP - 3872 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Josifovski, Josip A1 - Malmir, Mohammadhossein A1 - Klarmann, Noah A1 - Žagar, Bare Luka A1 - Navarro-Guerrero, Nicolás A1 - Knoll, Alois T1 - Analysis of Randomization Effects on Sim2Real Transfer in Reinforcement Learning for Robotic Manipulation Tasks T2 - 2022 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Kyoto, Japan N2 - Randomization is currently a widely used approach in Sim2Real transfer for data-driven learning algorithms in robotics. Still, most Sim2Real studies report results for a specific randomization technique and often on a highly customized robotic system, making it difficult to evaluate different randomization approaches systematically. To address this problem, we define an easy-to-reproduce experimental setup for a robotic reach-and-balance manipulator task, which can serve as a benchmark for comparison. We compare four randomization strategies with three randomized parameters both in simulation and on a real robot. Our results show that more randomization helps in Sim2Real transfer, yet it can also harm the ability of the algorithm to find a good policy in simulation. Fully randomized simulations and fine-tuning show differentiated results and translate better to the real robot than the other approaches tested KW - Sim2Real KW - Robotics KW - Reinforcment Learning Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS47612.2022.9981951 SP - 10193 EP - 10200 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kranich, Sebastian A1 - Krommes, Sandra A1 - Rieder, Rosina T1 - Bewertung der Rohstoffkritikalitäts-Methode nach VDI 4800 im Produktentwicklungsprozess: Fallstudie eines elektrischen Fahrzeugantriebsystems T1 - Evaluation of the raw material criticality method according to the standard VDI 4800 in the product development process: Case study of an electric vehicle drive system JF - NachhaltigkeitsManagementForum / Sustainability Management Forum N2 - Die Rohstoffknappheit sowie geopolitische und strukturell-technische Faktoren führen zu Rohstoffversorgungs- und Preisrisiken bei produzierenden Unternehmen. Darüber hinaus werden Unternehmen für soziale und ökologische Bedingungen der Rohstoffförderung und -aufbereitung in die Verantwortung genommen. In der Produktentwicklung werden die Eigenschaften eines Produktes und damit die verwendeten Rohstoffe definiert. Daher sind Methoden erforderlich, mit denen ökonomische, ökologische und soziale Risiken der Rohstoffversorgung in der Produktentwicklung analysiert werden können. Es existieren weder standardisierte Methoden, noch gibt es Erfahrung über die Bewertung von Rohstoffrisiken im Produktentwicklungsprozess. Die VDI 4800 stellt eine genormte Methode zur Bewertung der Rohstoffkritikalität zur Verfügung. Daher wird die Anwendbarkeit der Methode im Produktentwicklungsprozess der Automobilindustrie untersucht. Anfangs werden verschiedene Ansätze zur Bewertung der Rohstoffkritikalität verglichen, um die Bewertungskriterien der VDI 4800 zu validieren. Basierend auf der Fallstudie eines Elektrischen Antriebssystems für ein Fahrzeug wird die Akzeptanz, Effizienz, Verlässlichkeit, Güte und Effektivität der Methode bewertet. Die VDI 4800 empfiehlt sich als geeignete Methode in der Produktentwicklung, zeigt indes Weiterentwicklungspotential hinsichtlich der Klassifizierung von kurz- bis langfristigen Rohstoffrisiken sowie der Entwicklung von sozial-gesellschaftlichen und ökologischen Bewertungskriterien in der Rohstoffgewinnung und -aufbereitung auf. N2 - The shortage of raw materials as well as geopolitical, structural and technical factors lead to raw material supply and price risks for manufacturing companies. In addition, companies in industrial countries are held responsible for social and environmental impacts caused by the extraction and processing of raw materials. In product development, the characteristics of a product and thus the raw materials used are defined. For this reason, methods are required which assess the economic, environmental and social risks of raw material supply in product development. There are no generally acknowledged or standardized methodologies, nor is there any experience of assessing raw material risks in the product development process. The VDI 4800 provides a standardized method for assessing supply and vulnerability risks of raw materials. Therefore, the applicability of the method in an early phase of the automotive product development is investigated. At the beginning, it compares different approaches for the assessment of supply and vulnerability risks to validate the assessment criteria of the VDI 4800. Based on the case study of an electric vehicle drive system, the acceptance, efficiency, reliability and effectiveness of the method are evaluated. The VDI 4800 is recommended as a suitable method in product development, however, it unveils further need for improvements with regard to the classification of short- to long-term raw material risks and the development of social and environmental assessment criteria for the extraction and processing of raw materials. KW - Rohstoffkritikalität KW - VDI 4800 KW - elektrischer Fahrzeugantrieb KW - Produktentwicklung KW - raw material criticality KW - electric vehicle drive system KW - product development process Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00550-018-0481-z VL - 27 IS - 1 SP - 53 EP - 63 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krommes, Sandra A1 - Brunsmeier, Martin A1 - Auer, Veronika T1 - Bioökonomie – welchen Beitrag kann die Ökobilanzierung leisten? T2 - 1. Internationales Wood BioEconomy-Forum (WBE) KW - Bioökonomie KW - Ökobilanzierung KW - Kohlenstoffspeicher KW - Life Cycle Assessment Y1 - 2023 CY - Rosenheim ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krommes, Sandra A1 - Huber, Gretel A1 - Pscherer, Theresa A1 - Nemeth, Isabell T1 - Circular economy in life cycle costing: a literature review in the construction sector T2 - Journal of Physics: Conference Series N2 - Circular economy (CE) has become important in reducing the environmental impact of the construction sector. For the transformation from linear to CE, decision support tools and methods are needed to assess and promote CE for constructions. With regard to sustainable financial decisions, life cycle costing (LCC) is the preferred method. However, the LCC approaches and their application in CE research differ. Based on a systematic literature review, the relevance of refurbishment in operation, reuse, recycling and disposal at end-of-life (EoL) in LCC is assessed. As a result, LCC has gained relevance in the construction sector, but CE plays a subordinate role in LCC applications. Costs or benefits of CE are often neglected. However, some research have shown that refurbishment as well as reuse and recycling can outweigh higher initial cost over lifetime. The internalisation of environmental and social impacts or even benefits are also rare. In particular, there is a lack of research on how to internalise the environmental benefits of refurbishment, reuse and recycling or how to effectively incentivise higher CE efforts in LCC in order to encourage decision-making in construction towards CE. KW - Life Cycle Costing KW - LCC KW - construction KW - end-of-life KW - EoL Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3140/13/132012 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - IOP Science ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Krommes, Sandra A1 - Jelonnek, Denis T1 - Betreibermodelle für (halb-) öffentliche Ladeinfastruktur N2 - Analyse und Bewertung von Geschäfts- und Betreibermodellen für (halb-) öffentlicher Ladeinfrastruktur aus Sicht kommunaler Akteure. KW - Elektromobiliät KW - öffentliche Ladeinfrastruktur KW - Betreibermodelle KW - Geschäftsmodelle Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:861-opus4-13041 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krommes, Sandra A1 - Schmidt, Felix ED - Calabrese, Giuseppe Giulio T1 - Business model analysis of electric mobility products and services JF - International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management IJATM N2 - The automotive value chain is experiencing significant transformation. Due to changed mobility use patterns and external conditions such as climate change, scarcity of resources and local air pollution, car manufacturers offer connectivity services and are forced to launch electric mobility. Most of the electric vehicles have additional, complementary products and services. As other market participants also engage in this field car manufacturers must decide whether they transform their business model. Therefore, the questions arise which are the determining key criteria for the business models, what are the business segments car manufacturers are engaged and how car manufacturers are preparing for the transformation. By using qualitative content analysis, key criteria for business model analysis are derived. The portfolio analysis of six car manufacturers in the German market unveils that a few car manufacturers are in an advanced state while others follow with a considerable lag, or even, are behind. KW - transformation of automobile sector; electric vehicle; electric mobility provider; additional; complementary services and products Y1 - 2017 VL - 2017 IS - Vol. 17 / No. 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krommes, Sandra A1 - Tomaschko, Florian T1 - Chance für mehr Ressourceneffizienz - Methode der Wert- und Stoffstromanalyse im Kontext der digitalen Transformation bestehender Fertigungsanlagen T1 - Opportunity for More Resource Efficiency JF - Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb (zwf) N2 - Die dynamische Wert- und Stoffstrommodellierung bildet die In- und Output-Ströme von Prozessen mittels Digitalisierungstechnologien ab. In einem aus fünf Schritten bestehenden methodischen Vorgehen kann der Einstieg in die Digitalisierung der Produktion für KMU mit bestehenden Anlagen- und Maschinenparks (Brownfield-Ansatz) gelingen: Ein digitaler Schatten ermöglicht ein echtzeit- und realdatenbasiertes Monitoring von Einzel- und Kleinserienfertigungen zur Steigerung der Ressourceneffizienz. Method of Value and Material Flow Analysis within the Digital Transformation of a Brownfield Approach. Dynamic value and material flow modeling maps input and output flows of processes by means of digitization. In a methodical approach consisting of five steps, SMEs with existing plant and machine parks (brownfield approach) can be successfully introduced to the digitization of production: A digital shadow of a defined process enables a real-time and real data-based monitoring and key figure system for individual and small series production. KW - Ressourcenefficienz KW - Digitalisierung KW - Industrie 4.0 KW - Wertstromanalyse KW - Stoffstromanalyse KW - digitaler Zwilling Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1515/zwf-2021-0012 VL - 116 IS - 1-2 SP - 58 EP - 63 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krommes, Sandra A1 - Tomaschko, Florian T1 - Conceptual framework of a digital twin fostering sustainable manufacturing in a brownfield approach of small volume production for SMEs T2 - Conference Proceedings of the 18th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing, October 5-7, 2022, Berlin N2 - SMEs are increasingly forced to shift to more sustainable manufacturing. Industry 4.0 can support the transformation and foster innovation. But, SMEs need solutions with a low barrier to entry in terms of investment, IT knowledge and capacities. A framework based on value and material flow analysis, low investments and user-oriented IT skills is proposed. As an example, it is implemented in the furniture industry and shows a digital twin in terms of monitoring the energy and material flows. In addition, a product-specific allocation of energy consumption, energy peak shaving and other applications are possible. KW - Industry 4.0 KW - sustainable manufacturing KW - green transformation of manufacturing KW - cyber-physicial production system KW - value and material flow analysis Y1 - 2023 UR - https://link.springer.com/book/9783031288401 VL - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 8 CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mehta, Devang A1 - Klarmann, Noah T1 - Autoencoder-Based Visual Anomaly Localization for Manufacturing Quality Control JF - Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction N2 - Manufacturing industries require the efficient and voluminous production of high-quality finished goods. In the context of Industry 4.0, visual anomaly detection poses an optimistic solution for automatically controlled product quality with high precision. In general, automation based on computer vision is a promising solution to prevent bottlenecks at the product quality checkpoint. We considered recent advancements in machine learning to improve visual defect localization, but challenges persist in obtaining a balanced feature set and database of the wide variety of defects occurring in the production line. Hence, this paper proposes a defect localizing autoencoder with unsupervised class selection by clustering with k-means the features extracted from a pretrained VGG16 network. Moreover, the selected classes of defects are augmented with natural wild textures to simulate artificial defects. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of the defect localizing autoencoder with unsupervised class selection for improving defect detection in manufacturing industries. The proposed methodology shows promising results with precise and accurate localization of quality defects on melamine-faced boards for the furniture industry. Incorporating artificial defects into the training data shows significant potential for practical implementation in real-world quality control scenarios. KW - anomaly detection KW - artifical defect simulation KW - autoencoder KW - computer vision KW - defect detection KW - unsupervised clustering KW - visual product quality control Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/make6010001 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 17 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Morone, Piergiuseppe A1 - Vieira, Helena A1 - Lange, Lene A1 - Meer, Yvonne Van der A1 - Penttilä, Merja A1 - Dragicevic, Arnaud A1 - Koukios, Emmanuel A1 - Krommes, Sandra A1 - Alvarino Pereira, Teresa A1 - Vincevica-Gaile, Zane A1 - Vidarsson, Jonas A1 - Zorpas, Antonis A. A1 - Zimmermannova, Jarmilla A1 - Zimniewska, Malgorzata A1 - O'Connor, Kevin E. T1 - The European Bioeconomy strategy revision: an opportunity to go against the tide and secure a sustainable future JF - Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy N2 - In today’s tense geopolitical landscape, marked by strained relations among major powers and deep-rooted dependence on fossil-based economies, the emerging modern bioeconomy can provide resource independence and resilience, in tandem with economic, social, and environmental benefits, and thus has the potential to underpin a sustainable future. The bioeconomy is a vital cross-cutting meta-sector, but it is not inherently circular or sustainable; without intentional design, it risks becoming a linear, unsustainable replacement of the fossil-based economy. Realising its full promise requires purposeful engineering to address climate change, biodiversity loss, strengthen resource independence, support food security and resilience, create jobs, promote social inclusion, boost competitiveness and autonomy, and improve human, animal, and environmental health. The potential is enormous, but so are the challenges society faces in realising the vision for a biobased, nature-positive future. KW - Circular bioeconomy KW - Bioeconomy strategy KW - Policy KW - Resource efficiency KW - Scale-up Y1 - 2026 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clcb.2026.100204 VL - 13 IS - 100204 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Elsevier CY - Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pscherer, Theresa A1 - Krommes, Sandra T1 - LCA standards for environmental product assessments in the bioeconomy with a focus on biogenic carbon: A systematic review JF - International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment N2 - Purpose Climate change mitigation is one of the priorities of the European Bioeconomy Strategy (BES). In this regard, renewable raw materials are a crucial resource, as they help to substitute fossil resources and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by storing biogenic carbon (C). To control the environmental impact of the European BES, the life cycle assessment (LCA) is the preferred method. Standards provide guidance for LCA. This review aims to present the state of the art of LCA-related standards, focusing on the assessment of biogenic C and its global warming potential (GWP) to evaluate them for decision-making with regard to the transition to a bioeconomy (BE) and climate change mitigation. Methods A systematic review is conducted using the database Nautos to reveal the relevant standards guiding LCA in the BE. In an iterative process, criteria for a comparative analysis are defined. The eligible standards are then qualitatively analysed and compared based on criteria previously derived in the iterative process. Results and discussion In the context of LCA and bio-based products, 13 documents are identified. Differences are revealed in the accounting of biogenic C flows, the calculation of the duration of biogenic C storage and the biogenic C content as well as the consideration of substitution effects. Furthermore, the standards do not provide any information on the assessment of biogenic C in the circular economy so far. Conclusion The importance of biogenic C aspects in LCA has been reflected in the standards over the last 20 years. However, further research is needed to harmonise the different aspects and integrate new relevant ones related to biogenic C and BE to support decision-making for the transition to a BE. This becomes more important as new legislation refers to LCA standards as the preferred assessment method. KW - Life cycle assessment (LCA) · Bioeconomy (BE) · Standards · Bio-based products · Biogenic carbon (C) · Substitution potential · Displacement factor (DF) · Carbon storage Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-024-02387-7 SP - 1 EP - 23 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rieder, Rosina A1 - Krommes, Sandra A1 - Lang, Werner ED - Brotas, Luisa ED - Roaf, Susan ED - Nicol, Fergus T1 - Criticality assessment of indium for thin-film photovoltaics in the context of sustainability goals for the German housing sector T2 - PROCEEDINGS of 33rd PLEA International Conference N2 - In countries with large import dependencies, several studies on strategically important metals have classified raw materials as being critical by combining supply and vulnerability risks. In case of availability, the most critical raw materials are metallic ores and industrial minerals. Within the scope of developing resource efficient buildings, innovative building technologies, such as renewable energy systems, are becoming increasingly integral parts of buildings. Since critical raw materials are essential components in building technologies, they will also play an important role in the housing sector. In this context, it is crucial to consider how sustainability goals in the housing sector are affected by raw material criticality. This paper addresses supply and vulnerability risks of indium, which is contained in thin-film photovoltaics, in order to identify their impacts on future developments in the housing sector. Raw material availability is significantly influenced by the demand and supply of raw materials. To implement risk factors for a criticality assessment in sector-specific material flows, their impacts are analysed and modelled using a dynamic, macro-economic approach. Assuming different energy scenarios in the German housing sector up to 2050, the model reveals the raw material criticality by pointing out supply risks in order to derive recommendations. KW - criticality, raw materials, thin-film photovoltaics, indium, system dynamics Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-0-9928957-5-4 SP - 3692 EP - 3698 PB - NCEUB CY - Edinburgh ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tomaschko, Florian A1 - Annan, Kevin A1 - Krommes, Sandra T1 - Digitalisierung der Produktion: Ganzheitliche Bewertung JF - Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb N2 - Für die Analyse, Bewertung und Kontrolle von Investitionsentscheidungen bei Erweiterungs- oder Modernisierungs-Investitionen zur Digitalisierung der Produktion fehlt ein methodisches Vorgehen. Ein dreistufiger Ansatz auf Basis geeigneter betriebswirtschaftlicher Kennzahlen wird vorgestellt und am Beispiel eines heterogenen Maschinen- und Anlagenparks für einen digitalen Schatten der Wert- und Stoffströme zur Steigerung der Ressourceneffizienz angewandt. N2 - There is a lack of a methodical procedure for analysing, assessing and controlling investment decisions for the digitalisation of manufacturing processes. Based on key indicators, a three-stage approach is presented and applied exemplarily in a process chain of the furniture industry to create a digital twin of a value and material flow to increase resource efficiency. KW - Brownfield-Ansatz KW - Digitaler Zwilling KW - Digitalisierung KW - Holztechnik KW - Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse KW - Wirtschaftlichkeit Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.1515/zwf-2022-1050 VL - 117 IS - 5 SP - 321 EP - 326 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tomaschko, Florian A1 - Huber, Gretel A1 - Krommes, Sandra ED - Wellbrock, Wanja ED - Ludin, Daniela T1 - Nachhaltiges Rohstoffrisikomanagement: Bewertungsinstrumente für KMU N2 - Durch die fortlaufende Industrialisierung der Fertigungsprozesse steigt der Bedarf an Rohstoffen kontinuierlich an. Dabei rücken neben den traditionellen Rohstoffen zunehmend auch kritische Rohstoffe in den Fokus der Industrie. Die traditionelle Perspektive auf Rohstoffe hat sich um Aspekte der Nachhaltigkeit erweitert, wodurch nun auch Ressourcen wie Luft, Wasser, Fläche und Biodiversität als Rohstoffe im weiteren Sinne betrachtet werden. Die Beschaffung von Rohstoffen birgt für Unternehmen verschiedene Risiken, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Preisvolatilität und der Verfügbarkeit, aber auch in Bezug auf Umwelt- und sozial-gesellschaftliche Risiken. Kleinere und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) stehen aufgrund begrenzter Ressourcen bei Zeit, Personal und finanzieller Mittel sowie eingeschränkter Datenverfügbarkeit und fehlendem Fachwissen vor besonderen Herausforderungen. Die bestehenden Methoden zur Bewertung von Rohstoffrisiken sind häufig nicht auf die spezifischen Bedürfnisse von KMU zugeschnitten. Unter Berücksichtigung der Anforderungen von KMU werden geeignete Methoden und spezifische Indikatoren zur Bewertung von Rohstoffrisiken identifiziert. Die Indikatoren bilden unterschiedliche Aspekte der drei Nachhaltigkeits-Dimensionen Ökonomie, Ökologie (Umwelt) und Soziales (Gesellschaft) ab. Sie sind Basis für ein Monitoringsystem, welches in ein Risikomanagement bei KMU integriert werden kann. Die Überlegungen werden durch ein praxisorientiertes Beispiel ergänzt, um die Herausforderungen in KMU und die Umsetzung des Bewertungsinstruments zu veranschaulichen. KW - Rohstoffrisikomanagement KW - Kritikalität KW - Rohstoffkritikalität KW - Rohstoffrisikomanagement KW - Nachhaltigkeit Y1 - 2025 SN - ISBN 978-3-658-47227-6 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-47228-3_26 SP - 579 EP - 605 PB - Springer Gabler CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tomaschko, Florian A1 - Krommes, Sandra T1 - Future Work Skills im Bachelorstudium kontextbasiert und problemorientiert vermitteln T2 - Future Work Skills im Bachelorstudium kontextbasiert und problemorientiert vermitteln N2 - Posterpräsentation am Tag der digitalen Lehre an der Universität Regensburg (26.09.2023 - 27.09.2023) Im Bachelorstudium Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen an der Technischen Hochschule Rosenheim durchlaufen die Studierenden ab dem ersten Semester miteinander verzahnte und aufeinander aufbauende Inhalte, die sich an den Problemstellungen eines fiktiven Unternehmens orientieren. Dabei ziehen sich die praxisnahen Inhalte der „Rosenheimer Mobility Werke“ wie ein roter Faden durch das gesamte Studium. KW - Digitale Lehre KW - HigHRoQ KW - WI-Story Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:861-opus4-23200 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tomaschko, Florian A1 - Reichelt, Lukas A1 - Krommes, Sandra T1 - Digitalisation of Manufacturing Systems: A Literature Review of Approaches to Assess the Sustainability of Digitalisation Technologies in Production Systems JF - Sustainability N2 - The digitalisation of production has a positive impact on manufacturing processes in terms of resource efficiency and environmental impact, particularly in the form of increased efficiency as well as cost and resource savings. However, the use of digitalisation technologies is also associated with efforts such as costs, CO2 emissions, and raw material consumption. When planning or deciding on the digitalisation of manufacturing systems, it is therefore necessary to assess whether these technologies pay off in terms of sustainability over their life cycle. This literature review (based on the PRISMA guidelines) analyses the relevance of sustainability assessment and its methods for the digitalisation of production in research. The review reveals that research focuses on the benefits of digitalisation technologies in manufacturing, while the assessment of efforts and their benefits is in its infancy. There is a need for further research on holistic assessment methods for digitalisation technologies. In particular, there is a lack of assessment methods that consistently link the economic and environmental dimensions of sustainability, and there is also a lack of guidance for the application of assessment methods in production. KW - digitalisation KW - sustainability KW - holistic assessment KW - cyber–physical system KW - digital twin KW - internet of things KW - industrial internet of things KW - Industry 4.0 KW - environmental KW - economic Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156275 VL - 16 IS - 15 SP - 6275 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vivekanandan, Deepak A1 - Wirth, Samuel A1 - Karlbauer, Patrick A1 - Klarmann, Noah T1 - A Reinforcement Learning Approach for Scheduling Problems with Improved Generalization through Order Swapping JF - Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction N2 - The scheduling of production resources (such as associating jobs to machines) plays a vital role for the manufacturing industry not only for saving energy, but also for increasing the overall efficiency. Among the different job scheduling problems, the Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP) is addressed in this work. JSSP falls into the category of NP-hard Combinatorial Optimization Problem (COP), in which solving the problem through exhaustive search becomes unfeasible. Simple heuristics such as First-In, First-Out, Largest Processing Time First and metaheuristics such as taboo search are often adopted to solve the problem by truncating the search space. The viability of the methods becomes inefficient for large problem sizes as it is either far from the optimum or time consuming. In recent years, the research towards using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to solve COPs has gained interest and has shown promising results in terms of solution quality and computational efficiency. In this work, we provide an novel approach to solve the JSSP examining the objectives generalization and solution effectiveness using DRL. In particular, we employ the Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm that adopts the policy-gradient paradigm that is found to perform well in the constrained dispatching of jobs. We incorporated a new method called Order Swapping Mechanism (OSM) in the environment to achieve better generalized learning of the problem. The performance of the presented approach is analyzed in depth by using a set of available benchmark instances and comparing our results with the work of other groups. KW - Job Shop Scheduling KW - Production Scheduling KW - Reinforcement Learning KW - Markov Decision Process KW - Generalization KW - Industry 4.0 Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/make5020025 VL - 5 IS - 2 SP - 418 EP - 430 ER -