TY - CHAP A1 - Rabold, Andreas A1 - Châteauvieux-Hellwig, Camille A1 - Hessinger, Joachim T1 - Flanking transmission at impact sound excitation - Calculation according to DIN 4109 and prEN ISO 12354-2 T2 - Proceedings of Inter-Noise 2016 KW - Berechnungsmethoden KW - Normung KW - Flankenübertragung Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-939296-11-9 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gibbs, Barry M. A1 - Mayr, Andreas R. T1 - Source quantities for vibro-acoustic transmission into lightweight building elements T2 - Proceedings of Inter-Noise 2016 KW - Körperschall KW - HolzLeichtBau KW - Körperschallquellen KW - Transmission KW - Installationen Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-939296-11-9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumüller, Claudia A1 - Lasch, Rainer A1 - Kellner, Florian T1 - Integrating sustainability into strategic supplier portfolio selection JF - Management Decision N2 - Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a comprehensive methodology and a problem-specific model for the configuration of the optimal strategic supplier portfolio in terms of traditional, performance-related objectives and sustainability targets. Design/methodology/approach To bridge the research gap, i.e., to align strategic supplier portfolio selection with corporate sustainability targets, a hybrid model of the analytic network process (ANP) and goal programming (GP) is developed. To validate the model, a case example is presented and managerial feedback is collected. Findings By enabling the integration of sustainability targets into strategic supplier portfolio configuration, the hybrid ANP-GP model contributes to research in the area of sustainable supply chain management. Results indicate that simplifying the model by omitting one or more details may lead to unfortunate actions. Research limitations/implications The model has been applied using a case example in the automotive industry. To strengthen the findings, it should be examined under other terms as well. Practical implications Integrating economic, environmental, and social targets into strategic supplier portfolio configuration reduces supply risks and promotes the achievement of the sustainability goals of the purchasing company. Social implications Strategic supplier selection counts among the decisions that have an impact on the environment and society for several years. Configuring economically rational, environmentally friendly, and socially responsible supplier bases supports worldwide efforts towards sustainable development. Originality/value Although sustainable supplier selection has gained importance in recent years, this is the first time that a comprehensive model for the determination of the optimal strategic supplier portfolio in terms of performance-related objectives and sustainability targets has been proposed. KW - Analytic network process KW - Corporate sustainability KW - Goal programming KW - Strategic suppliers KW - Supplier selection KW - Sustainable supply chain management Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-05-2015-0191 VL - 54 IS - 1 SP - 194 EP - 221 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kellner, Florian T1 - Exploring the impact of traffic congestion on CO2 emissions in freight distribution networks JF - Logistics Research N2 - This research quantifies the impact that regular road traffic congestion has on the CO2 emissions of a real-world distribution network, and it studies the consequences when the number of distribution centers changes. For this purpose, this study makes use of a network model allowing for a detailed representation of all relevant transport operations, including production flows between factories and distribution centers, line haul shipments between distribution centers and customers, and round/delivery trips between transshipment points and retailer locations for the last mile. The processed trip and traffic information does not rely on standard traffic data collection approaches, such as interviews, in situ technologies, or floating car data, but the road traffic data are retrieved from an online navigation service, such as Bing Maps, Google Maps, Inrix, Here, and TomTom. This study proves that online navigation services may considerably contribute to future research projects analyzing CO2 sensitivities and greenhouse gas cutting opportunities in logistics networks. KW - Distribution network; CO2 emissions; Road freight transportation; Traffic congestion; Online navigation service Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12159-016-0148-5 VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 21 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kellner, Florian T1 - Allocating greenhouse gas emissions to shipments in road freight transportation: Suggestions for a global carbon accounting standard JF - Energy Policy N2 - The European Norm EN 16258 was published in 2012 to provide a common methodology for the calculation and declaration of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions related to any transport operation. The objective was to offer a pragmatic and scientifically-acceptable approach that allows a wide group of users to prepare standardized, accurate, credible, comparable, and verifiable energy consumption and emission declarations. However, in its current form, EN 16258 contains gaps and ambiguities, and leaves room for interpretation, which makes comparisons of supply chains difficult. This research aims to overcome the shortcomings in the domain of allocating emissions from road freight transport operations to single shipments. Based on a discussion of emission drivers and the results of numerical experiments comparing the allocation vectors created by the EN 16258 allocation rules with those generated by the Shapley value, which is claimed to be the benchmark, ‘distance’ is identified as the single most useful unit for bridging the trade-off between accuracy and simplicity better than the other recommended allocation schemes. Thus, this paper claims that future versions of EN 16258 should only allow the allocation unit ‘distance.’ This will promote the accurateness, simplicity, consistency, transparency, and comparability of emission declarations. KW - Greenhouse gas emissions; Road freight transportation; Allocation; EN 16258; Game theory; Shapley value Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.09.030 VL - 98 SP - 565 EP - 575 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kellner, Florian T1 - Distribution Network Analysis for Fast Moving Consumer Goods N2 - This dissertation summarizes three reserach contributions that have been published in academic journals. The reserach analyzes economic and environmental sensitivites of Fast Moving Consumer Goods distribution networks. N2 - Die Dissertation fast drei Forschungsbeiträge zusammen, welche in wissenschaftlichen Fachzeitschriften veröffentlicht worden sind. Die Forschung beschäftigt sich mit ökonomischen und ökologischen Sensitivitäten von Distributionsnetzen in der Konsumgüterindustrie. Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kuhbandner, Christof A1 - Aslan, Alp A1 - Emmerdinger, Kathrin A1 - Murayama, Kou T1 - Providing Extrinsic Reward for Test Performance Undermines Long-Term Memory Acquisition JF - Frontiers in Psychology N2 - Based on numerous studies showing that testing studied material can improve long-term retention more than restudying the same material, it is often suggested that the number of tests in education should be increased to enhance knowledge acquisition. However, testing in real-life educational settings often entails a high degree of extrinsic motivation of learners due to the common practice of placing important consequences on the outcome of a test. Such an effect on the motivation of learners may undermine the beneficial effects of testing on long-term memory because it has been shown that extrinsic motivation can reduce the quality of learning. To examine this issue, participants learned foreign language vocabulary words, followed by an immediate test in which one-third of the words were tested and one-third restudied. To manipulate extrinsic motivation during immediate testing, participants received either monetary reward contingent on test performance or no reward. After 1 week, memory for all words was tested. In the immediate test, reward reduced correct recall and increased commission errors, indicating that reward reduced the number of items that can benefit from successful retrieval. The results in the delayed test revealed that reward additionally reduced the gain received from successful retrieval because memory for initially successfully retrieved words was lower in the reward condition. However, testing was still more effective than restudying under reward conditions because reward undermined long-term memory for concurrently restudied material as well. These findings indicate that providing performance–contingent reward in a test can undermine long-term knowledge acquisition. KW - testing effect KW - motivation KW - high-stakes testing KW - long-term memory KW - monetary reward Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00079 VL - 7 SP - 79 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aslan, Alp A1 - Bäuml, Karl-Heinz T. T1 - Testing enhances subsequent learning in older but not in younger elementary school children JF - Developmental Science N2 - In adults, testing can enhance subsequent learning by reducing interference from the tested information. Here, we examined this forward effect of testing in children. Younger and older elementary school children and adult controls studied four lists of items in anticipation of a final cumulative recall test. Following presentation of each of the first three lists, participants were immediately tested on the respective list, or the list was re-presented for additional study. Results revealed that, compared to additional study, immediate testing of Lists 1–3 enhanced memory for the subsequently studied List 4 in adults and older elementary school children, but not in younger elementary school children. The findings indicate that the forward effect of testing is a relatively late-maturing phenomenon that develops over middle childhood and is still inefficient in the early elementary school years. Together with the results of other recent studies, these findings point to a more general problem in young children in combating interference. KW - elementary school children Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12340 VL - 19 IS - 6 SP - 992 EP - 998 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tempel, Tobias A1 - Aslan, Alp A1 - Frings, Christian T1 - Competition dependence of retrieval-induced forgetting in motor memory JF - Memory & Cognition volume N2 - In two experiments, we examined the competition dependence of retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) in motor memory. Participants learned sequential finger movements as responses to letter stimuli. The learning phase comprised two parts. In both parts, half of the motor sequences were to be executed at one of two locations (the left or right side of a keyboard) by pressing the corresponding response keys. Retrieval practice of half of the motor sequences at one location induced forgetting of the nonpracticed motor sequences at that location. However, RIF was prevented in Experiment 1 when retrieval practice took place before the nonpracticed items had even been encoded. In Experiment 2, RIF was prevented by intentionally forgetting the nonpracticed motor sequences prior to retrieval practice. These results suggest that precluding competition by related items during retrieval practice precluded them from being affected by RIF. The present findings support an inhibitory account and speak against the alternative assumptions that associative blocking or a mental context change causes RIF. KW - Motor memory KW - Body movement KW - Retrieval-induced forgetting KW - Inhibition Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-015-0578-3 VL - 44 IS - 4 SP - 671 EP - 680 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aslan, Alp A1 - John, Thomas T1 - The development of adaptive memory: Young children show enhanced retention of animacy-related information JF - Journal of Experimental Child Psychology N2 - Previous developmental work has indicated that animacy is a foundational ontogenetic category that is given priority already early in life. Here, we investigated whether such priority is also present in children’s episodic memory, examining whether young children show enhanced retention of animacy-related information. Kindergartners and younger and older elementary school children were presented with fictitious (non)words (e.g., BULA, LAFE) paired with properties characteristic of humans (e.g., “likes music”), (nonhuman) animals (e.g., “builds nests”), and inanimate things (e.g., “has four edges”) and were asked to rate the animacy status of each nonword. After a retention interval, a surprise recognition test for the nonwords was administered. We found enhanced recognition of nonwords paired with human and animal properties compared with (the same) nonwords paired with inanimate properties. The size of this animacy advantage was comparable across age groups, suggesting developmental invariance of the advantage over the age range examined (i.e., 4–11 years). The results support a functional–evolutionary view on memory, suggesting that already young children’s memory is “tuned” to process and retain animacy. KW - Cognitive development KW - Evolutionary psychology KW - Episodic memory KW - Adaptive memory KW - Ancestral priorities KW - Mnemonic animacy advantage in children Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2016.07.007 VL - 152 SP - 343 EP - 350 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ott, Holly C. T1 - Six-Sigma Production Process Improvement at Kopschitz Kerzen GmbH KW - Case Study Y1 - 2020 PB - edX ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stubenrauch, Franz A1 - Seliger, Norbert A1 - Schmitt-Landsiedel, Doris T1 - A Low Impedance Drive Circuit to Suppress the Spurious Turn-On in High Speed Wide Band-Gap Semiconductor Halfbridges T2 - PCIM Europe 2016; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management, Nürnberg N2 - A gate drive circuit for gallium nitride (GaN) enhancement mode (e-mode) transistors is presented, which avoids parasitic turn-on of the power devices in the halfbridge configuration. New e-mode GaN devices turn on at very low threshold voltages between 1V and 2V. This makes the transistors highly sensitive to spurious turn-on and thus reduces the required safety margin of the gate drive signals. To avoid this parasitic turn-on, a very low gate loop impedance is required. This prevents the halfbridge against bridge shorts during the switching events and guarantees stable gate drive control with increased switching efficiency. The new gate drive circuit is developed in a SPICE simulation environment and verified in a prototype setup by a double pulse test. The simulation matches very well with the experimental result and demonstrates the suppression of parasitic semiconductor turn-on with the proposed gate drive. Furthermore the dissipated switching energy is reduced, compared to a standard gate drive circuit. High DCDC converter efficiency of 98.67% at 1kW output power is achieved by using the driving circuit for a buck converter prototype with 200kHz switching frequency. KW - drive circuit Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stubenrauch, Franz A1 - Seliger, Norbert A1 - Schmitt-Landsiedel, Doris T1 - A Simplified SPICE Model for Fast Parametric Optimization of High Voltage Power Electronic Circuits in the Megahertz Range T2 - CIPS 2016; 9th International Conference on Integrated Power Electronics Systems, Nürnberg N2 - An accurate SPICE model is proposed in this paper to calculate the power losses of high voltage converter systems. This supports power circuit optimization in the very first design stage. The parasitic package inductances and the nonlinear voltage dependent semiconductor capacitances are taken into account. In addition the high frequency behavior of the power inductor is investigated. A detailed loss breakdown is done to analyze the main sources of power loss and their physical reasons. The simulation results of the converter waveforms and of its efficiency match very well to the experimental results. The prototype boost converter shows a top efficiency greater than 98.3 % at a switching frequency of 1 MHz and an output voltage of 400 V at the maximum output power of 1 kW. KW - SPICE model Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Seliger, Norbert A1 - Stubenrauch, Franz A1 - Schmitt-Landsiedel, Doris T1 - A Parametric Layout Study of Radiated Emission from High-Frequency Half-Bridge Switching Cells T2 - CIPS 2016 - 9th International Conference on Integrated Power Electronics Systems, Nürnberg N2 - We present a numerical modeling study of radiated emission from half-bridge switching cells based on the method of moments (MoM). A low loop inductance cell design enables high-speed switching of power semiconductors which is demonstrated on a prototype circuit. The layout is further optimized for low radiated emission by variation of the heat sink placement. This is achieved by the heat sink attached to the phase terminal. The performance of the structure in terms of loop impedance, electric field radiation and sensitivity to cable attachments are numerically studied. Emission peaks arising from loop resonances can be reduced by over 20 dB with damping elements in the switching cell. The improved EMI performance of the proposed structure is attributed to decoupling of the loop current from the heat sink structure. KW - half-bridge switching cells Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peter, C. A1 - Schulenberg, S. E. A1 - Buchanan, E. M. A1 - Prodinger, Birgit A1 - Geyh, S. T1 - Rasch analysis of measurement instruments capturing psychological personal factors in persons with spinal cord injury JF - Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine N2 - Objective: To evaluate the metric properties of distinct measures of psychological personal factors comprising feelings, beliefs, motives, and patterns of experience and behaviour assessed in the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Cohort Study (SwiSCI), using Rasch methodology. Methods: SwiSCI Pathway 2 is a community-based, nationwide, cross-sectional survey for persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) (n = 511). The Rasch partial credit model was used for each subscale of the Positive Affect Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), Appraisal of Life Events Scale (ALE), Purpose in Life test – Short Form (PIL-SF), and the Big Five Inventory-K (BFI-K). Results: The measures were unidimensional, with the exception of the positive affect items of the PANAS, where pairwise t-tests resulted in 10% significant cases, indicating multidimensionality. The BFI-K subscale agreeableness revealed low reliability (0.53). Other reliability estimates ranged between 0.61 and 0.89. Ceiling and floor effects were found for most measures. SCI-related differential item functioning (DIF) was rarely found. Language DIF was identified for several items of the BFI-K, PANAS and the ALE, but not for the PIL-SF. Conclusion: A majority of the measures satisfy the assumptions of the Rasch model, including unidimensionality. Invariance across language versions still represents a major challenge. KW - psychological factors KW - personality KW - affect KW - spinal cord injury KW - validity KW - reliability KW - psychometrics Y1 - 2016 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/16501977-2028 VL - 48 IS - 2 SP - 175 EP - 188 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wachter, M. A1 - Gottschalk, L. A1 - Simmler, M. A1 - Schulze, Achim A1 - Becker, F. A1 - Sayala, M. A1 - Hüttl, B. T1 - Short Circuit Current Measurements at Clear-Sky Conditions on Photovoltaic Modules: Basic for a Reliable Self-Reference Algorithm T2 - Proc. 32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (PVSEC) N2 - Outdoor or just on site analyzes of photovoltaic modules can offer some advantages in comparison to indoor Lab studies. In this way the electrical performance is monitored and logged under natural operating conditions in full range of irradiation and temperature. The entirety of monitored IV data allows deriving low-light characteristics of electric parameters, temperature coefficients and root cause analysis for possible degradation. We apply so-called self-reference algorithm in order to increase the accuracy of analysis. The improved precision is due to application of effective acting irradiation and effective temperature instead of externally measured data. Effective irradiation is determined in self-referencing scheme: the short circuit current of the module is assigned to the irradiation. This assignment has to be calibrated, preferably at standard test conditions for irradiation. In this contribution we demonstrate a process of precise measurement of Isc under clear-sky outdoor conditions and the determination of the short circuit current for STC. The measurement method avoids errors by spectral deviations with respect to AM 1.5G spectrum, by optical reflection losses for high angles of incidence and errors by high albedo impact. In particular we investigate comparatively a CdTe module under outdoor conditions and by means a calibrated indoor Lab flasher. KW - Photovoltaic systems, Metrology, Solar Modules Y1 - 2016 PB - 32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (PVSEC) ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hüttl, B. A1 - Wachter, M. A1 - Gottschalk, L. A1 - Schulze, Achim A1 - Becker, F. T1 - Self Reference Algorithm for Precise Outdoor Characterization of PV Modules T2 - PV-Days Halle 2016 N2 - Outdoor or just on site analyzes of photovoltaic modules can offer some advantages in comparison to indoor Lab stud-ies. In this way the electrical performance is monitored and logged under natural operating conditions in full range of irradiation and temperature. The entirety of monitored IV data allows deriving low-light characteristics of electric parameters, temperature coefficients and root cause analysis for possible degradation. We apply so-called self-reference algorithm in order to increase the accuracy of analysis. The improved precision is due to application of effective acting irradiation and effective temperature instead of externally measured data. Effective irradiation is determined in self-referencing scheme: the short circuit current of the module is assigned to the irradiation. KW - Photovoltaic systems, Metrology, Solar Modules Y1 - 2016 PB - PV-Days Halle 2016 CY - Halle ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirschmüller, Sebastian A1 - Marte, Roman A1 - Pravida, Johann ED - Eberhardsteiner, Josef ED - Winter, Wolfgang ED - Fadai, A. ED - Pöll, Martha T1 - Laminated veneer lumber poles for temporary soil nailing ‐ investigation of material properties T2 - Proceedings of the World Conference on Timber Engineering. World Conference on Timber Engineering. Vienna, 22.‐25.08. Vienna N2 - Within a current research project at Rosenheim University of Applied Sciences and Graz University of Technology the possibilities of using beech wood laminated veneer lumber poles as soil anchors for temporary soil nailing systems are investigated. Therefore tensile and bending properties of laminated veneers with high moisture and permanent cement contact concerning the influence of veneer bending rectangular to the fibre are determined. For investigation of material properties under different climate conditions tensile tests on small and faultless single beech wood veneers as well as tensile tests on 6 layered 3 mm samples and 9 layered 2 mm samples were carried out. Therefore all samples were stored in extreme climate conditions like high moisture content and permanent cement contact. Six layered samples with 3mm thick veneers show a slightly higher strength and stiffness under dry conditions as well as at a moisture content of the samples above fibre saturation. A strength reduction factor concerning temporary geotechnical applications is suggested which considers the influence of long term loading, veneer bending, water saturation and cement destruction on tensile properties of laminated veneer lumber poles. KW - Timber engineering KW - Laminated veneer KW - Temporary soil nailing Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirschmüller, Sebastian A1 - Pravida, Johann A1 - Marte, Roman A1 - Flach, Michael ED - Universität Stuttgart, T1 - Laminated veneer lumber poles for use in temporary soil nailing. Investigation of adhesive properties. T2 - Holzbau Forschung und Praxis. 6. Doktorandenkolloqium 2016 N2 - Within a current research-project the possibility of using laminated veneer lumber beech wood poles as temporary soil anchors in foundation engineering is investigated. Within this project adhesive properties of laminated veneer lumber beech wood poles are determined. For use in temporary ground applications the influence of veneer bending, veneer thickness and intensive cement contact is concerned. As standard version two different adhesive systemsmelamine formaldehyde resin (MUF) and a 1-component polyurethane adhesive (PUR) were investigated and compared. Melamine formaldehyde resin glued samples with 3 mm thick veneers and 1.0N/mm² press force show a higher tensile shear strength but also a higher adhesive failure percentage than polyurethane glued samples. In case of melamine formaldehyde resins the closed time has a great influence on bond line quality. A long closed time reveals a low penetration of adhesive in the cells and a low embedding on the wood surface. For curved structures best results were achieved with a bonding pressure of 1.0 N/mm². A significant difference in strength between the concerned MUF and PUR adhesive system was not recognized. KW - Timber engineering KW - Laminated veneer KW - Temporary soil nailing Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Höfig, Kai T1 - Analyzing the availability of a system N2 - An apparatus and method for analyzing availability of a system including subsystems each having at least one failure mode with a corresponding failure effect on the system are provided. The apparatus includes a degraded mode tree generation unit configured to automatically generate a degraded mode tree. The degraded mode tree includes at least one degraded mode element representing a degraded system state of the system that deviates from a normal operation state of the system based on a predetermined generic system meta model stored in a database including Failure Mode and Effects Analysis elements representing subsystems, failure modes, failure effects, and diagnostic measures. The apparatus also includes a processor configured to evaluate the generated degraded mode tree for calculation of the availability of the system. KW - System availability KW - Mode trees KW - Failure Mode Y1 - 2016 N1 - US Patent App. 15/048,644 ER -