TY - RPRT A1 - Beneken, Gerd A1 - Dih, Denise A1 - Fried, Adrian A1 - Hauch, Julia A1 - Hummel, Sabine A1 - Junker, Elmar A1 - Karlinger, Peter A1 - Köster, Heinrich A1 - Krause, Harald A1 - Muscat, Dirk A1 - Niedermaier, Peter A1 - Schäfle, Claudia A1 - Schutter, Sabina A1 - Sigrüner, Michael A1 - Stanzel, Silke A1 - Strübbe, Nicole A1 - Werndl, Peter A1 - Wirnsberger, Markus A1 - Zentgraf, Peter T1 - Jahresbericht 2018, Forschung - Entwicklung - Innovation N2 - Mit dem jährlich erscheinenden Forschungsbericht möchte die Technische Hochschule Rosenheim einen Einblick in ihre vielfältigen Projekte und Aktivitäten der angewandten Forschung und Entwicklung geben. Im Jahresbericht 2018 wird über Vorhaben im Jahr 2018 berichtet. T3 - Schriftenreihen - Forschungsbericht - 7 KW - Forschung Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:861-opus4-12374 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Alversammer, Wolfgang A1 - Angermeier, Martin A1 - Bernhardt, Andreas A1 - Bischof, Wolfgang A1 - Botsch, Rafael A1 - Eierle, Benno A1 - Feldmeier, Franz A1 - Hack, Andreas A1 - Hauck-Bauer, Eva A1 - Heigl, Martin A1 - Kölzer, Brigitte A1 - Köster, Heinrich A1 - Krose, Eva A1 - Leps, Torsten A1 - Mennicken, Titus A1 - Muscat, Drik A1 - Ober, Thorsten A1 - Ott, Robert A1 - Ruminski, Nils A1 - Seidlmeier, Heinrich A1 - Stauss, Kilian A1 - Stetter, Andrea A1 - Viehhauser, Peter A1 - Wambsganß, Mathias A1 - Zagler, Stefan A1 - Zauner, Johannes A1 - Zentgraf, Peter T1 - Forschungsbericht 2012 N2 - Mit dem jährlich erscheinenden Forschungsbericht möchte die Hochschule Rosenheim einen Einblick in ihre vielfältigen Projekte und Aktivitäten der angewandten Forschung und Entwicklung geben. Im Forschungsbericht 2012 wird über Vorhaben im Jahr 2012 berichtet. T3 - Schriftenreihen - Forschungsbericht - 1 KW - Forschung Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:861-opus4-12338 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Ackermann, Timo A1 - Angermeier, Martin A1 - Auer, Veronika A1 - Beneken, Gerd A1 - Bernhardt, Andreas A1 - Botsch, Rafael A1 - Bücker, Dominikus A1 - Hager, Ralf A1 - Hauck-Bauer, Eva A1 - Heigl, Martin A1 - Hirschmüller, Sebastian A1 - Höllmüller, Janett A1 - Karlinger, Peter A1 - Köster, Heinrich A1 - Krause, Harald A1 - Kucich, Martin A1 - Matthias, Kira A1 - Patzl, Victoria A1 - Plönnigs, René A1 - Posch, Georg A1 - Schanda, Ulrich A1 - Scheerer, Josua A1 - Schlecht, Johannes A1 - Schmidt, Jochen A1 - Stichler, Markus A1 - Uhl, Cornelius A1 - Viehhauser, Peter A1 - Weber, Gabriel A1 - Wolf, Christopher A1 - Zagler, Stefan A1 - Zentgraf, Peter T1 - Forschungsbericht 2013 N2 - Mit dem jährlich erscheinenden Forschungsbericht möchte die Hochschule Rosenheim einen Einblick in ihre vielfältigen Projekte und Aktivitäten der angewandten Forschung und Entwicklung geben. Im Forschungsbericht 2013 wird über Vorhaben im Jahr 2013 berichtet. T3 - Schriftenreihen - Forschungsbericht - 2 KW - Forschung Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:861-opus4-12324 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Bauer, Lucia A1 - Benecken, Gerd A1 - Bücker, Dominikus A1 - Buff, Alexander A1 - Carlton, Katrina A1 - Feldmeier, Franz A1 - Flatscher, Simon A1 - Hack, Andreas A1 - Halt, Manfred A1 - Jell, Peter A1 - Köster, Heinrich A1 - Kucich, Martin A1 - Manzinger, Franziska A1 - Mecking, Simon A1 - Paus, Inger A1 - Rex, Steffen A1 - Schanda, Ulrich A1 - Schreyer, Manuela A1 - Spindler, Uli A1 - Stadler, Constanze A1 - Stahnke, Svenja A1 - Stiegler, Gertrud A1 - Walser, Georg A1 - Wambsganß, Mathias A1 - Wellisch, Ulrich T1 - Forschungsbericht 2014 N2 - Mit dem jährlich erscheinenden Forschungsbericht möchte die Hochschule Rosenheim einen Einblick in ihre vielfältigen Projekte und Aktivitäten der angewandten Forschung und Entwicklung geben. Im Forschungsbericht 2014 wird über Vorhaben im Jahr 2014 berichtet. T3 - Schriftenreihen - Forschungsbericht - 3 KW - Forschung Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:861-opus4-12317 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Barth, Simon A1 - Benecken, Gerd A1 - Betz, Andreas A1 - Binninger, Karsten A1 - Graule, Verena A1 - Hack, Andreas A1 - Haegele, Rainer A1 - Hartmann, Markus A1 - Hauck-Bauer, Eva A1 - Haut, Sandra A1 - Jäger, Johannes A1 - Kagerl, Andreas A1 - Karlinger, Peter A1 - Konle, Elke A1 - Köster, Heinrich A1 - Krause, Harald A1 - Krommes, Sandra A1 - Meissner, Thomas A1 - Michanickl, Andreas A1 - Sandor, Viktor A1 - Schanda, Ulrich A1 - Schemme, Michael A1 - Sebald, Daniela A1 - Spindler, Uli A1 - Stauss, Kilian A1 - Strobl, Thomas A1 - Sussmann, Monika A1 - Versen, Martin A1 - Voit, Johann A1 - Wambsganß, Mathias A1 - Wellisch, Ulrich A1 - Zauner, Johannes T1 - Forschungsbericht 2015 N2 - Mit dem jährlich erscheinenden Forschungsbericht möchte die Hochschule Rosenheim einen Einblick in ihre vielfältigen Projekte und Aktivitäten der angewandten Forschung und Entwicklung geben. Im Forschungsbericht 2015 wird über Vorhaben im Jahr 2015 berichtet. T3 - Schriftenreihen - Forschungsbericht - 4 KW - Forschung Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:861-opus4-12304 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Auer, Veronika A1 - Beneken, Gerd A1 - Brummer, Benjamin A1 - Châteauvieux-Hellwig, Camille A1 - Engler, Benjamin A1 - Gilly, Alexander A1 - Hagl, Rainer A1 - Hummel, Felix A1 - Hummel, Sabine A1 - Karlinger, Peter A1 - Knorr, Ludwig A1 - Köster, Heinrich A1 - Kucich, Martin A1 - Mecking, Simon A1 - Rabold, Andreas A1 - Sandor, Viktor A1 - Schalk, Daniel A1 - Schanda, Ulrich A1 - Schemme, Michael A1 - Schiffner, Ivonne A1 - Schmidt, Jochen A1 - Schugmann, Reinhard A1 - Seidlmeier, Heinrich A1 - Sigg, Ferdinand A1 - Stauss, Kilian A1 - Sussmann, Monika A1 - Wellisch, Ulrich A1 - Wenninger, Marc A1 - Wittmann, Josef A1 - Zscheile, Matthias T1 - Jahresbericht 2016, Forschung - Entwicklung - Innovation N2 - Mit dem jährlich erscheinenden Forschungsbericht möchte die Hochschule Rosenheim einen Einblick in ihre vielfältigen Projekte und Aktivitäten der angewandten Forschung und Entwicklung geben. Im Jahresbericht 2016 wird über Vorhaben im Jahr 2016 berichtet. T3 - Schriftenreihen - Forschungsbericht - 5 KW - Forschung Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:861-opus4-12282 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Ackermann, Timo A1 - Hauck-Bauer, Eva A1 - Jäger, Johannes A1 - Köster, Heinrich A1 - Krause, Harald A1 - Mayr, Wolfgang A1 - Mysliwetz, Birger A1 - Niedermaier, Peter A1 - Ober, Thorsten A1 - Pfaffenberger, Ulrich A1 - Stauss, Kilian A1 - Werndl, Peter A1 - Zscheile, Matthias T1 - Jahresbericht 2017, Forschung - Entwicklung - Innovation N2 - Mit dem jährlich erscheinenden Forschungsbericht möchte die Hochschule Rosenheim einen Einblick in ihre vielfältigen Projekte und Aktivitäten der angewandten Forschung und Entwicklung geben. Im Jahresbericht 2017 wird über Vorhaben im Jahr 2017 berichtet. T3 - Schriftenreihen - Forschungsbericht - 6 KW - Forschung Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:861-opus4-12278 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Obermeier, Frederik A1 - Schumacher, Mara A1 - Barth, Simon A1 - Karlinger, Peter A1 - Schemme, Michael A1 - Michanickl, Andreas T1 - Thermoplastische Hybridverbunde mit Holzfasern - Leichtbau mit Naturfasern JF - Plastverarbeiter N2 - Gewichtsreduktion ist eine der entscheidenden Herausforderungen, um nachhaltige Fahrzeuge zu entwickeln. Der Einsatz von nachwachsenden Rohstoffen in Form von Naturfasern, wie Flachs, Kenaf, Hanf, ist Stand der Technik und findet vor allem in der Automobilindustrie Anwendung. Die Gründe sind zahlreich. Naturfasern sind wesentlich kostengünstiger als Carbonfasern und leichter als Glasfasern. Dadurch ergeben sich Kosten- und Gewichtsvorteile. Es lassen sich zudem hervorragende mechanische Eigenschaften erzielen. Schließlich bietet die Verwendung von Naturfasern einen deutlichen ökologischen Vorteil. Häufig kommen dabei Hybridverbunde zum Einsatz. Durch Hybridverbunde lassen sich die Vorteile von Spritzguss und Pressverfahren kombinieren (Funktionalisierung bei hoher Eigensteifigkeit). KW - Hybridverbund KW - Holzfasern KW - Thermoplast KW - Leichtbau Y1 - 2020 VL - 2020 IS - 2 PB - Hüthig GmbH CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Obermeier, Frederik A1 - Schumacher, Mara A1 - Barth, Simon A1 - Karlinger, Peter A1 - Schemme, Michael A1 - Michanickl, Andreas T1 - Thermoplastische Holzfaservliese für Hybridverbunde T2 - 13. Holzwerkstoffkolloqium N2 - Leichtbau und Ressourcenschonung sind zentrale Themen des 21. Jahrhunderts. Hybridverbunde mit Naturfasern (z.B. Flachs, Kenaf) sind Stand der Technik und werden v.a. im Automobilbau verwendet. Durch Hybridverbunde lassen sich die Vorteile von Spritzguss und Pressverfahren kombinieren (Funktionalisierung bei hoher Eigensteifigkeit). Obwohl Holzfasern diverse Vorteile gegenüber Naturfasern bieten (z.B. geringere Rohstoffrisiken), sind sie in diesem Bereich noch nicht umfassend untersucht. KW - Hybridverbund KW - Holzfasern KW - Thermoplast KW - Vliesstoffe Y1 - 2019 SP - 66 EP - 67 PB - Institut für Holztechnologie Dresden gemeinnützige GmbH CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Obermeier, Frederik A1 - Schumacher, Mara A1 - Barth, Simon A1 - Karlinger, Peter A1 - Schemme, Michael A1 - Michanickl, Andreas T1 - Thermoplastische Hybridverbunde mit Holzfaserverstärkung T2 - Technomer 2019 N2 - Leichtbau und ressourcenschonende Herstellungstechnologien sind zentrale Themen des 21. Jahrhunderts. Thermoplastische Hybridverbunde mit endlosfaserverstärkten Einlegern spielen dabei eine große Rolle, sogenannte Organobleche. Auch Hybridverbunde mit Naturfaserverstärkung sind seit langem Stand der Technik und werden vor allem in der Automobilindustrie verwendet. Holzfasern sind in diesem Bereich jedoch noch nicht umfassend untersucht. Der Vortrag befasst sich mit dem Potenzial von Holzfasern für thermoplastische Hybridverbunde im Vergleich zu Naturfasern. Dabei wird ein Einblick auf prozess- und materialtechnische Untersuchungen gegeben. Bei den Versuchen kommen diverse Technologien zum Einsatz. Holzfasern werden über ein Air-Lay-Verfahren mit Kunststofffasern zu einem Vlies gelegt. Bei der Weiterverarbeitung der konsolidierten Vliese zu Hybridverbunden, werden diese mit direkt compoundierten Holzfasern über einen In-Mould-Compounder angespritzt. Es zeigt sich, dass Faserverbunde mit Holzfasern vielversprechende Eigenschaften haben. Weitere Untersuchungen sind nötig, um ein tiefgreifendes Verständnis für die Werkstoffe und die Prozesse zu entwickeln. KW - Hybridverbund KW - Holzfasern KW - Thermoplast Y1 - 2019 PB - Technomer 2019 CY - Technische Universität Chemnitz ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schemme, Michael A1 - Dittmar, Harri A1 - Karlinger, Peter A1 - Hummel, Sabine T1 - Closed-Loop-Recycling - Strategien für endlosfaserverstärkte thermoplastische Hybridstrukturen (Vortrag) T2 - FOREL Kolloquium KW - Closed-Loop-Recycling KW - Orgnoblech KW - Recycling KW - Spritzguss KW - Faserverbund Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hummel, Sabine A1 - Schemme, Micheal A1 - Karlinger, Peter T1 - GmbH – Glasfaserhybride mit bester Haftung: Variotherme Temperierung für Organobleche JF - Plastverarbeiter N2 - Durch Integrieren der Variothermie können Organobleche wirtschaftlich und technisch verbessert zu Hybridbauteilen verarbeitet werden. Somit steigert sich der Wettbewerbsvorteil gegenüber konventionellen Werkstoffen weiter. An einer Technische Hochschule wird seit mehr als zehn Jahren intensiv an der Thematik der Verbindungstechnologien sowie den Haftungsmechanismen zwischen endlosfaserverstärkten Thermoplasten, den sogenannten Organoblechen, und angespritzten Funktionsstrukturen geforscht. Im Fokus stehen prozesstechnische Einflüsse, die die Verbundhaftung der Hybridleichtbaustrukturen erhöhen. KW - Organoblech KW - Variotherm KW - Verbundhaftung KW - langfaser verstärkte Thermoplaste Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.plastverarbeiter.de/88054/variotherme-temperierung-fuer-organobleche/ VL - 07/2019 IS - 07 PB - Hüthig GmbH CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hirschmüller, Sebastian A1 - Pravida, Johann A1 - Marte, Roman A1 - Flach, Michael T1 - Long‐term material properties of circular hollow laminated veneer lumber sections under water saturation and cement alkaline attack JF - Wood Material Science and Engineering N2 - Innovative beech laminated veneer lumber (LVL) circular hollow sections for the use as temporary geotechnical soil nailing systems are currently being developed. Due to the permanent subsoil cement embedment, combined with high water saturation and permanent loading, the timber sections will lose strength and stiffness over time to a degree currently unknown. This paper presents the tensile and bending material properties of flat and curved beech LVL under various periods of immersion in a water–cement grout solution aiming at inducing both water saturation and long-term alkaline attack of the timber. In total, 824 and 279 samples were tested in tension and bending, respectively. Results show that samples manufactured from 3 mm thick veneers result in tensile strength and stiffness 17% and 24% higher, respectively, than samples manufactured from 2 mm thick veneers. A reduction in the initial bending and tensile strength of up to 70% was found after 90 days of water saturation and cement contact. Taking into account a duration of load factor for permanent loading of two years, it is recommended to reduce the short-term tensile and bending strength of beech circular hollow sections to be used as geotechnical anchors by 80%. KW - Timber engineering KW - Laminated veneer KW - Water saturation KW - Cement alkaline attack Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2018.1434830 VL - 14 IS - 3 SP - 142 EP - 156 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Monsberger, Christoph A1 - Lienhart, Werner A1 - Marte, Roman A1 - Hirschmüller, Sebastian ED - Sohn, Hoon T1 - Monitoring of soil nailed slope stabilizations using distributed fiber optic sensing T2 - Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems 2018 N2 - Soil nailing systems are a common way to stabilize slopes and construction pits. Their design is usually based on the mechanical equilibrium of a rigid body motion and therefore, only tensile stresses are considered and accompanying forces like bending (shear stresses) in the soil nails are neglected. Continuous strain measurements along nails could verify this assumption, but may not be performed using conventional sensing technologies. This paper reports about monitoring of a soil nailed slope stabilization using distributed fiber optic sensing. Soil nails in different anchoring horizons were instrumented and autonomously monitored over several weeks, in which the construction pit was excavated continuously. After the excavation, the final load bearing capacity of one selected nail was determined within a classical geotechnical load test. In addition to the field measurements, the bending behavior of the instrumented nail system was analyzed under laboratory conditions. The presented studies demonstrate the high potential of distributed fiber optic sensing systems and their capability to extend traditional measurement methods in foundation engineering applications. KW - Timber engineering KW - Soil nailed slope stabilizations KW - Distributed fiber optic sensing Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2296674 VL - 10598 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hirschmüller, Sebastian A1 - Pravida, Johann A1 - Marte, Roman A1 - Flach, Michael ED - Springer, T1 - Adhesive properties of laminated veneer lumber poles for use in temporary soil nailing: development and evaluation of a test method for curved structures in a high‐alkaline environment JF - Wood Science and Technology N2 - Innovative circular, hollow, laminated veneer lumber (LVL) beech sections for use as temporary geotechnical soil reinforcement members are currently being developed. Appropriate surface gluing quality between the veneers is fundamental to this subsoil application of the permanently cement-embedded, engineered timber product. The circular cross-section geometry and the permanently high-alkaline environment of the structural member is not covered by presently standardized testing and conditioning methods for examining LVL surface bond line quality. The sample conditioning and tensile shear test method compliant with EN 302-1 (Adhesives for load-bearing timber structures—test methods—part 1: determination of longitudinal tensile shear strength, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, 2013) was modified to determine bonding parameters for circular, hollow LVL sections. Bond line curvature, groove cutting depth and sample geometry were found to greatly influence stress distribution, percentage of wood failure and tensile shear strength. Short-term alkaline treatment of test samples did not significantly influence the bonding performance, wood failure percentage, tensile shear strength and fracture patterns. To improve tensile shear strength, adhesives with different material rigidities were used and compared. An orthotropic, elastic numerical analysis revealed a greater influence of adherent elasticity than adhesive elasticity on the stress distribution within the bond line. With regard to determining the bond line integrity of curved veneer poles, a sample geometry compliant with EN 302-1 (2013) was developed and numerically evaluated. KW - Timber engineering KW - Laminated veneer KW - Temporary soil nailing Y1 - 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-018-0997-y VL - 52 IS - 4 SP - 1061 EP - 1092 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirschmüller, Sebastian A1 - Marte, Roman A1 - Pravida, Johann ED - Eberhardsteiner, Josef ED - Winter, Wolfgang ED - Fadai, A. ED - Pöll, Martha T1 - Laminated veneer lumber poles for temporary soil nailing ‐ investigation of material properties T2 - Proceedings of the World Conference on Timber Engineering. World Conference on Timber Engineering. Vienna, 22.‐25.08. Vienna N2 - Within a current research project at Rosenheim University of Applied Sciences and Graz University of Technology the possibilities of using beech wood laminated veneer lumber poles as soil anchors for temporary soil nailing systems are investigated. Therefore tensile and bending properties of laminated veneers with high moisture and permanent cement contact concerning the influence of veneer bending rectangular to the fibre are determined. For investigation of material properties under different climate conditions tensile tests on small and faultless single beech wood veneers as well as tensile tests on 6 layered 3 mm samples and 9 layered 2 mm samples were carried out. Therefore all samples were stored in extreme climate conditions like high moisture content and permanent cement contact. Six layered samples with 3mm thick veneers show a slightly higher strength and stiffness under dry conditions as well as at a moisture content of the samples above fibre saturation. A strength reduction factor concerning temporary geotechnical applications is suggested which considers the influence of long term loading, veneer bending, water saturation and cement destruction on tensile properties of laminated veneer lumber poles. KW - Timber engineering KW - Laminated veneer KW - Temporary soil nailing Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hirschmüller, Sebastian A1 - Marte, Roman A1 - Pravida, Johann A1 - Flach, Michael ED - Springer, T1 - Inhibited wood degradation of cement‐coated beech Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) for temporary in‐ground applications. JF - European Journal of Wood and Wood Products N2 - This paper investigates the long-term tensile properties of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) beech sections coated with cement and exposed to fungal decay. A set of LVL coupon (dog-bone) samples was stored in compost, tested in tension after 6 and 12 months and compared to reference samples stored at 20 °C and 65% relative humidity. Results showed that after 26 weeks of compost exposure, a fungus of the Ascomycota genus was identified in cement-coated samples using a molecular biology polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, which analyses the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA. However, no visual deterioration was noticed. Still in cement-covered samples and after 12 months of exposure, a common white rot fungus was determined by DNA chip technology, but no fungal wood decay was visible in areas where the applied coating had a thickness of at least 5 mm. Decay in uncoated LVL samples was significant with the samples having an average residual strength equal to 7%. This compares to the tensile strength of coated samples, which only decreased by 65% relative to the reference samples. Strength and stiffness of coated samples did not differ significantly between 6 and 12 months of exposure. Preliminary investigations tend to show that the strength reduction in cement-coated samples is due to an alkaline degradation of the wood. The observed influence of the coating thickness on the visual fungal decay can probably be ascribed to the protection mechanism due to a physical fungal barrier with a high pH. KW - Timber engineering KW - cement‐coated beech Laminated Veneer Lumber KW - Wood and wood products Y1 - 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-018-1325-9 VL - 76 IS - 5 SP - 1483 EP - 1494 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirschmüller, Sebastian A1 - Pravida, Johann A1 - Marte, Roman A1 - Flach, Michael ED - Universität Stuttgart, T1 - Laminated veneer lumber poles for use in temporary soil nailing. Investigation of adhesive properties. T2 - Holzbau Forschung und Praxis. 6. Doktorandenkolloqium 2016 N2 - Within a current research-project the possibility of using laminated veneer lumber beech wood poles as temporary soil anchors in foundation engineering is investigated. Within this project adhesive properties of laminated veneer lumber beech wood poles are determined. For use in temporary ground applications the influence of veneer bending, veneer thickness and intensive cement contact is concerned. As standard version two different adhesive systemsmelamine formaldehyde resin (MUF) and a 1-component polyurethane adhesive (PUR) were investigated and compared. Melamine formaldehyde resin glued samples with 3 mm thick veneers and 1.0N/mm² press force show a higher tensile shear strength but also a higher adhesive failure percentage than polyurethane glued samples. In case of melamine formaldehyde resins the closed time has a great influence on bond line quality. A long closed time reveals a low penetration of adhesive in the cells and a low embedding on the wood surface. For curved structures best results were achieved with a bonding pressure of 1.0 N/mm². A significant difference in strength between the concerned MUF and PUR adhesive system was not recognized. KW - Timber engineering KW - Laminated veneer KW - Temporary soil nailing Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hirschmüller, Sebastian A1 - Pravida, Johann A1 - Marte, Roman A1 - Flach, Michael ED - Springer, T1 - Adhesive properties of laminated veneer lumber poles for use in temporary soil nailing: bonding performance of curved structures in a high‐alkaline environment JF - Wood Science and Technology N2 - Circular hollow sections of beech-laminated veneer lumber (LVL) for the use as temporary geotechnical soil nailing systems are currently being developed. Due to their permanent subsoil cement embedment, investigations of the bond line quality of the timber sections are essential. This paper presents the bonding properties of flat and curved beech LVL after cyclic conditioning in a water–cement grout solution aimed at inducing short- and long-term alkaline attack of the timber. In total, 409 and 69 samples were tested in tensile shear tests after short-term and long-term conditioning, respectively. Three different adhesive systems, a one-component polyurethane adhesive, a melamine–urea–formaldehyde adhesive and a melamine–urea–formaldehyde adhesive modified by means of (polyvinyl)-acetate adhesive were investigated and compared. Short-term conditioning by submersion in boiling cement suspension was found to be a reliable method for testing the bonding performance rather than long-term conditioning. In the case of tensile shear tests of samples subjected to long-term treatment, wood material strength was the decisive criterion. Generally, tensile shear test samples of all investigated adhesives achieved reliable bonding for a pressing force up to 1.0 MPa. No relationship was recognised between the determined bonding failure and the wood properties tensile shear strength, wood failure percentage, fracture pattern and bulk density of veneers adjacent to the bond line. For the determination of the bond line integrity of curved veneer poles, it was necessary to test bonding quality in a combined test using curved and flat samples and to compare tensile shear strength with data determined on reference samples in the same veneer population without bond line. KW - Timber engineering KW - Laminated veneer KW - Temporary soil nailing KW - High‐alkaline environment Y1 - 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-018-1031-0 VL - 52 IS - 5 SP - 1289 EP - 1311 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wentzky, V. C. A1 - Tittel, J. A1 - Jäger, Christoph G. A1 - Rinke, K. ED - Wiley, T1 - Mechanisms preventing a decrease in phytoplankton biomass after phosphorus reductions in a German drinking water reservoir—results from more than 50 years of observation JF - Freshwater Biology N2 - 1. To counteract the severe consequences of eutrophication on water quality and ecosystem health, nutrient inputs have been reduced in many lakes and reservoirs during the last decades. Contrary to expectations, in some lakes phytoplankton biomass did not decrease in response to oligotrophication (nutrient reduction). The underlying mechanisms preventing a decrease in biomass in these lakes are the subject of ongoing discussion. 2. We used a hitherto unpublished long-term data set ranging from 1961 until 2016 from a German drinking water reservoir (Rappbode Reservoir) to investigate the underlying mechanisms preventing a decrease in biomass. Total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in the Rappbode Reservoir dropped abruptly in 1990 from 0.163 to 0.027 mg/L within three consecutive years, as a result of banning phosphate-containing detergents. Despite substantial reductions in TP, total annual phytoplankton biomass did not decline in the long-run, and therefore, the yield of total phytoplankton biomass per unit phosphorus largely increased. 3. Regression analysis revealed a positive association between the yield and potentially phagotrophic mixotrophs (R2 = .465, p < .001). We infer that by ingesting bacteria, mixotrophic species were capable of exploiting additional P sources that are not accessible to obligate autotrophic phytoplankton, eventually preventing a decrease in algal biomass after TP reductions. 4. Long-term epilimnetic phosphorus concentrations during the winter mixing period decreased to a greater degree than summer phosphorus concentrations. Apparently, TP losses over the season were less intense. Spring diatom biomass also markedly decreased after oligotrophication. In fact, spring diatom biomass was positively related to the TP loss over the season suggesting diatoms play an important role in P reduction. However, this intraannual P processing was not the primary factor when focusing on the average yearly yield, which remained to be fully explained by mixotrophs. 5. Our study demonstrates this ecosystem’s ability to compensate for changes in resource availability through changes in phytoplankton community composition and functional strategies. We conclude that an increase in mixotrophy and the ability to make bacterial phosphorus available for phytoplankters were the main factors that allowed the phytoplankton community of the Rappbode Reservoir to adapt to lower nutrient levels without a loss in total biomass. KW - community composition KW - long-term monitoring, KW - mixotrophy KW - oligotrophication KW - sedimentation Y1 - 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13116 VL - 63 IS - 9 SP - 1063 EP - 1076 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jäger, Christoph G. A1 - Borchardt, D. T1 - Longitudinal patterns and response lengths of algae in riverine ecosystems: A model analysis emphasising benthic-pelagic interactions JF - Journal of Theoretical Biology N2 - In riverine ecosystems primary production is principally possible in two habitats: in the benthic layer by sessile algae and in the surface water by planktonic algae being transported downstream. The relevance of these two habitats generally changes along the rivers' continuum. However, analyses of the interaction of algae in these two habitats and their controlling factors in riverine ecosystems are, so far, very rare. We use a simplified advection-diffusion model system combined with ecological process kinetics to analyse the interaction of benthic and planktonic algae and nutrients along idealised streams and rivers at regional to large scales. Because many of the underlying processes affecting algal dynamics are influenced by depth, we focus particularly on the impact of river depth on this interaction. At constant environmental conditions all state variables approach stable spatial equilibria along the river, independent of the boundary conditions at the upstream end. Because our model is very robust against changes of turbulent diffusion and stream velocity, these spatial equilibria can be analysed by a simplified ordinary differential equation (ode) version of our model. This model variant reveals that at shallower river depths, phytoplankton can exist only when it is subsidised by detaching benthic algae, and in turn, at deeper river depths, benthic algae can exist only in low biomasses which are subsidised by sinking planktonic algae. We generalise the spatial dynamics of the model system using different conditions at the upstream end of the model, which mimic various natural or anthropogenic factors (pristine source, dam, inflow of a waste water treatment plant, and dilution from e.g. a tributary) and analyse how these scenarios influence different aspects of the longitudinal spatial dynamics of the full spatial model: the relation of spatial equilibrium to spatial maximum, the distance to the spatial maximum, and the response length. Generally, our results imply that shallow systems recover within significantly shorter distances from spatially distinct disturbances when compared to deep systems, independent of the type of disturbance. KW - Nutrients KW - Light KW - Longitudinal gradient KW - Resilience Y1 - 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.01.009 VL - 442 SP - 66 EP - 78 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dupas, R. A1 - Musolff, A. A1 - Jawitz, J. W. A1 - Rao, P. S. C. A1 - Jäger, Christoph G. A1 - Fleckenstein, J. H. A1 - Rode, M. A1 - Borchardt, D. T1 - Carbon and nutrient export regimes from headwater catchments to downstream reaches JF - Biogeosciences N2 - Excessive amounts of nutrients and dissolved organic matter in freshwater bodies affect aquatic ecosystems. In this study, the spatial and temporal variability in nitrate (NO3−), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) was analyzed in the Selke (Germany) river continuum from three headwaters draining 1–3 km2 catchments to two downstream reaches representing spatially integrated signals from 184–456 km2 catchments. Three headwater catchments were selected as archetypes of the main landscape units (land use  ×  lithology) present in the Selke catchment. Export regimes in headwater catchments were interpreted in terms of NO3−, DOC and SRP land-to-stream transfer processes. Headwater signals were subtracted from downstream signals, with the differences interpreted in terms of in-stream processes and contributions from point sources. The seasonal dynamics for NO3− were opposite those of DOC and SRP in all three headwater catchments, and spatial differences also showed NO3− contrasting with DOC and SRP. These dynamics were interpreted as the result of the interplay of hydrological and biogeochemical processes, for which riparian zones were hypothesized to play a determining role. In the two downstream reaches, NO3− was transported almost conservatively, whereas DOC was consumed and produced in the upper and lower river sections, respectively. The natural export regime of SRP in the three headwater catchments mimicked a point-source signal (high SRP during summer low flow), which may lead to overestimation of domestic contributions in the downstream reaches. Monitoring the river continuum from headwaters to downstream reaches proved effective to jointly investigate land-to-stream and in-stream transport, and transformation processes. KW - Running water systems Y1 - 2017 UR - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4391-2017 VL - 14 IS - 18 SP - 4391 EP - 4407 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jäger, Christoph G. A1 - Hagemann, J. A1 - Borchardt, D. T1 - Can nutrient pathways and biotic interactions control eutrophication in riverine ecosystems? Evidence from a model driven mesocosm experiment JF - Water Research N2 - Ecological theory predicts that the relative importance of benthic to planktonic primary production usually changes along the rivers' continuum from a predomination of benthic algae in lower stream orders to a predomination of planktonic algae at higher orders. Underlying mechanisms driving the interaction between algae in these habitats, its controlling factors and consequences for riverine ecosystems are, however, only partly understood. We present a mechanistic analysis of the governing ecological processes using a simplified, numerical model and examine how abiotic factors and biotic interactions influence benthic and planktonic algae by changing resource competition. We compare the outcome of the model with the results of a factorial mesocosm experiment mimicking the parameter spaces of the model. The results show a remarkable similarity with regard to the temporal development of benthic and pelagic algal biomass and shifting dominance patterns. In particular we analyse the effects of the pathways of nutrient supply (upwelling from the hyporheic zone, direct supply to the surface water, or via both pathways) and grazing in a gradient of river depths. Our results show that detachment of benthic algae, sinking of planktonic algae and the pathway of nutrient supply are key processes determining the respective algal biomass distributions particularly in shallow and intermediate deep systems. Increasing nutrient supply increases algal biomasses, but does not change the general pattern of the interactions. Decreasing light supply decreases the dominance of planktonic algae, but increases dissolved nutrients. At intermediate to high grazing rates algal biomass can be controlled by grazers, but however, at high grazing rates, dissolved nutrients accumulate in the surface water. Our results indicate that nutrient pathways, resource competition and internal control by grazing need to be considered explicitly for the understanding and explanation of eutrophication phenomena in riverine ecosystems. As a consequence, ecologically effective eutrophication management of running water systems has to go beyond the control of nutrient emissions or the achievement of limiting threshold values in the receiving waters, but requires the consideration of the nutrient pathways (surface water versus groundwater) and the shifting biological controls from lower to higher order stream ecosystems. KW - Light KW - Sinking KW - Detachment KW - Depth KW - Resource competition KW - Ecological management Y1 - 2017 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.062 VL - 115 SP - 162 EP - 171 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jäger, Christoph G. A1 - Vrede, T. A1 - Persson, L. A1 - Jansson, M. T1 - Interactions between metazoans, autotrophs, mixotrophs and bacterioplankton in nutrient‐depleted high DOC environments: a long‐term experiment JF - Freshwater Biology N2 - 1. Humic lakes with a high external supply of DOC and low input of nutrients can often support a high biomass of metazoan zooplankton. In such lakes, autotrophic algae compete with bacteria for inorganic nutrients, but bacteria support mixotrophic growth. Consequently, planktonic communities are often dominated by mixotrophic flagellates, while obligate autotrophic phytoplankton occurs in low numbers for extended periods. 2. To test the importance of autotrophic phytoplankton and mixotrophic flagellates as food resources for metazoan grazers and, in turn, the feedback effects of grazers on basal food‐web interactions, we conducted a long‐term experiment where we simulated abiotic resource relationships of humic lakes (high DOC [glucose] and low P input). We examined the population dynamics of Daphnia galeata when inoculated in systems with autotrophic algae only, mixotrophic algae only and a mixture of autotrophic and mixotrophic algae, and how the systems changed after the inoculation of Daphnia. All combinations were run at high‐ and low‐light conditions to analyse the effects of light on food quantity and quality. 3. Daphnia grew to high densities only when mixotrophs were present at high‐light conditions and showed no or only weak growth at low‐light conditions or with autotrophs as the only food source. 4. Autotrophic algae and bacteria showed a strong competition for nutrients. Autotrophic algae were released from competition for nutrients after Daphnia grazed on bacteria, which led to a probable change of the bacteria community to less edible but less competitive taxa. As a consequence, there was a mutualistic interaction between autotrophs and mixotrophs before Daphnia were introduced which turned into competition after Daphnia inoculation. 5. We suggest that mixotrophic flagellates can be a critical resource for cladocerans and thereby also have a cascading effect on higher trophic levels, and cladocerans, in turn, have important indirect effects on basal planktonic food webs; hence, both might affect whole lake ecosystems. KW - Daphnia KW - Dinobryon KW - Food quality KW - Indirect effects KW - Scenedesmus Y1 - 2014 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12366 VL - 59 IS - 8 SP - 1596 EP - 1607 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jäger, Christoph G. A1 - Diehl, S. T1 - Resource competition across habitat boundaries: asymmetric interactions between benthic and pelagic producers JF - Ecological Monographs N2 - In shallow aquatic systems, benthic and pelagic primary producers typically compete for light and nutrients along opposing vertical supply axes: pelagic algae shade the benthic habitat; conversely, benthic algae intercept the nutrient flux from the sediment to the pelagic habitat. We present a general framework for analyzing such spatially asymmetric resource competition across habitat boundaries using a mechanistic, dynamical model. We visualize the mechanisms determining the outcome of these cross‐habitat interactions using zero‐net‐growth isoclines, resource supply points, and resource consumption vectors. In extensive invasion analyses, we characterize the abiotic and competitive persistence boundaries of pelagic and benthic primary producers, which are set by environmental factors determining nutrient and light supply and are modified by resource use by the competitor in the respective other habitat. We note several qualitative differences between cross‐habitat and “classical” within‐habitat resource competition. First, coexistence of cross‐habitat competitors is facilitated by, but does not require niche differentiation with respect to, the utilization of resources. Because each species has a competitive edge for the resource that is supplied from “its” side of the system, a competitor that is inferior in utilizing both resources can sometimes coexist with, or even exclude, a superior competitor. Second, increasing the external supply of one resource (the nutrient) may initially favor both competitors, until a breakpoint is reached where the benthic producer goes abruptly extinct. Finally, whether a given pair of cross‐habitat competitors coexist or shows alternative states may depend on the environment. Specifically, benthic and pelagic algae may coexist at low nutrient and light supply but produce alternative states at high nutrient and light supply. Alternative states are, in turn, promoted by any algal trait combination that increases the spatial asymmetry in resource consumption, i.e., leads to a higher nutrient consumption in the benthic habitat and/or a higher light consumption in the pelagic habitat. In a first empirical application, we show that predictions from our model give a good fit to published data on benthic and pelagic primary production in temperate and arctic lakes spanning a broad range of nutrient environments. KW - Benthic algae KW - Consumption vector KW - Light KW - Meta-ecosystem KW - Nutrients KW - Pelagic algae KW - Resource competition KW - Spatial subsidies KW - Supply point KW - trait values Y1 - 2014 UR - https://doi.org/10.1890/13-0613.1 VL - 84 IS - 2 SP - 287 EP - 302 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kamjunke, N. A1 - Büttner, O. A1 - Jäger, Christoph G. A1 - Marcus, H. A1 - von Tümpling, W. A1 - Halbedel, S. A1 - Norf, H. A1 - Brauns, M. A1 - Baborowski, M. A1 - Wild, R. A1 - Borchardt, D. A1 - Weitere, M. T1 - Biogeochemical patterns in a river network along a land use gradient JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment N2 - The Bode catchment (Germany) shows strong land use gradients from forested parts of the National Park (23 % of total land cover) to agricultural (70 %) and urbanised areas (7 %). It is part of the Terrestrial Environmental Observatories of the German Helmholtz association. We performed a biogeochemical analysis of the entire river network. Surface water was sampled at 21 headwaters and at ten downstream sites, before (in early spring) and during the growing season (in late summer). Many parameters showed lower concentrations in headwaters than in downstream reaches, among them nutrients (ammonium, nitrate and phosphorus), dissolved copper and seston dry mass. Nitrate and phosphorus concentrations were positively related to the proportion of agricultural area within the catchment. Punctual anthropogenic loads affected some parameters such as chloride and arsenic. Chlorophyll a concentration and total phosphorus in surface waters were positively related. The concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was higher in summer than in spring, whereas the molecular size of DOC was lower in summer. The specific UV absorption at 254 nm, indicating the content of humic substances, was higher in headwaters than in downstream reaches and was positively related to the proportion of forest within the catchment. CO2 oversaturation of the water was higher downstream compared with headwaters and was higher in summer than in spring. It was correlated negatively with oxygen saturation and positively with DOC concentration but negatively with DOC quality (molecular size and humic content). A principle component analysis clearly separated the effects of site (44 %) and season (15 %), demonstrating the strong effect of land use on biogeochemical parameters. KW - TERENO KW - Land use KW - Nutrients KW - Heavy metals KW - DOC KW - Bode Y1 - 2013 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3247-7 VL - 185 IS - 11 SP - 9221 EP - 9236 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jäger, Christoph G. A1 - Diehl, S. A1 - Emans, M. T1 - Physical determinants of phytoplankton production, algal stoichiometry, and vertical nutrient fluxes JF - The American Naturalist N2 - Most phytoplankters face opposing vertical gradients in light versus nutrient supplies but have limited capacities for vertical habitat choice. We therefore explored a dynamical model of negatively buoyant algae inhabiting a one-dimensional water column to ask how water column depth and turbulence constrain total (areal) phytoplankton biomass. We show that the population persistence boundaries in water column depth-turbulence space are set by sinking losses and light limitation but that nutrients are most limiting to total biomass in water columns that are neither too shallow or too weakly mixed (where sinking losses prevail) nor too deep and turbulent (where light limitation prevails). In shallow waters, the most strongly limiting process is nutrient influx to the bottom of the water column (e.g., from sediments). In deep waters, the most strongly limiting process is turbulent upward transport of nutrients to the photic zone. Consequently, the highest total biomasses are attained in turbulent waters at intermediate water column depths and in deep waters at intermediate turbulences. These patterns are insensitive to the assumption of fixed versus flexible algal carbon-to-nutrient stoichiometry, and they arise irrespective of whether the water column is a surface layer above a deep water compartment or has direct contact with sediments. KW - Water depth KW - Nutrient solutions KW - Turbulence KW - Nutrient transport KW - Sediments KW - Phytoplankton KW - Algae KW - Biomass production KW - Nutrient uptake Y1 - 2010 UR - https://doi.org/10.1086/650728 VL - 175 IS - 4 SP - E91 EP - E104 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jäger, Christoph G. A1 - Diehl, S. A1 - Schmidt, G. M. T1 - Influence of water-column depth and mixing intensity on phytoplankton biomass and functional community composition JF - Limnology and Oceanography N2 - We independently manipulated mixing intensity (strong artificial mixing vs. background turbulence) and water‐column depth (2 m, 4 m, 8 m, and 12 m) in order to explore their separate and combined effects in a field enclosure experiment. To accentuate the vertical light gradient, enclosures had black walls, resulting in a euphotic depth of only 3.7 m. All enclosures were placed in a well‐mixed water bath to equalize temperature across treatments. Phytoplankton responded to an initial phosphorus pulse with a transient increase in biomass, which was highest in the shallowest, least light‐limited water columns where dissolved mineral phosphorus subsequently became strongly limiting. As a consequence, the depth‐averaged mineral phosphorus concentration increased and the seston carbon (C) : phosphorous (P) ratio decreased with increasing water‐column depth. Low turbulence enclosures became quickly dominated by motile taxa (flagellates) in the upper water column, whereas mixed enclosures became gradually dominated by pennate diatoms, which resulted in higher average sedimentation rates in the mixed enclosures over the 35‐d experimental period. Low turbulence enclosures showed pronounced vertical structure in water columns >4 m, where diversity was higher than in mixed enclosures, suggesting vertical niche partitioning. This interpretation is supported by a primary production assay, where phytoplankton originating from different water depths in low‐turbulence treatments had the relatively highest primary productivity when incubated at their respective depths of origin. KW - aquatic ecology Y1 - 2008 UR - https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2008.53.6.2361 VL - 53 IS - 6 SP - 2361 EP - 2373 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jäger, Christoph G. A1 - Diehl, S. A1 - Matauschek, C. A1 - Klausmeier, C. A. A1 - Stibor, H. T1 - Transient dynamics of pelagic producer-grazer systems in a gradient of nutrients and mixing depths JF - Ecology N2 - Phytoplankton–grazer dynamics are often characterized by long transients relative to the length of the growing season. Using a phytoplankton–grazer model parameterized for Daphnia pulex with either flexible or fixed algal carbon : nutrient stoichiometry, we explored how nutrient and light supply (the latter by varying depth of the mixed water column) affect the transient dynamics of the system starting from low densities. The system goes through an initial oscillation across nearly the entire light–nutrient supply space. With flexible (but not with fixed) algal stoichiometry, duration of the initial algal peak, timing and duration of the subsequent grazer peak, and timing of the algal minimum are consistently accelerated by nutrient enrichment but decelerated by light enrichment (decreasing mixing depth) over the range of intermediate to shallow mixing depths. These contrasting effects of nutrient vs. light enrichment are consequences of their opposing influences on food quality (algal nutrient content): algal productivity and food quality are positively related along a nutrient gradient but inversely related along a light gradient. Light enrichment therefore slows down grazer growth relative to algal growth, decelerating oscillatory dynamics; nutrient enrichment has opposite effects. We manipulated nutrient supply and mixing depth in a field enclosure experiment. The experimental results were qualitatively much more consistent with the flexible than with the fixed stoichiometry model. Nutrient enrichment increased Daphnia peak biomass, decreased algal minimum biomass, decreased the seston C:P ratio, and accelerated transient oscillatory dynamics. Light enrichment (decreasing mixing depth) produced the opposite patterns, except that Daphnia peak biomass increased monotonously with light enrichment, too. Thus, while the model predicts the possibility of the “paradox of energy enrichment” (a decrease in grazer biomass with light enrichment) at high light and low nutrient supply, this phenomenon did not occur in our experiment. KW - algae-grazer interaction KW - C:P ratio KW - Daphnia KW - ecological stoichiometry KW - food quality KW - light enrichment KW - nutrient enrichment KW - paradox of enrichment KW - population model KW - population oscillations KW - seasonal succession Y1 - 2008 UR - https://doi.org/10.1890/07-0347.1 VL - 89 IS - 5 SP - 1272 EP - 1286 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berger, S.A. A1 - Diehl, S. A1 - Stibor, H. A1 - Trommer, G. A1 - Ruthestroth, M. A1 - Wild, A. A1 - Weigert, A. A1 - Jäger, Christoph G. A1 - Striebel, M. T1 - Water temperature and mixing depth affect timing and magnitude of events during spring succession of the plankton JF - Oecologia N2 - In many lakes, the most conspicuous seasonal events are the phytoplankton spring bloom and the subsequent clear-water phase, a period of low-phytoplankton biomass that is frequently caused by mesozooplankton (Daphnia) grazing. In Central European lakes, the timing of the clear-water phase is linked to large-scale climatic forcing, with warmer winters being followed by an earlier onset of the clear-water phase. Mild winters may favour an early build-up of Daphnia populations, both directly through increased surface temperatures and indirectly by reducing light limitation and enhancing algal production, all being a consequence of earlier thermal stratification. We conducted a field experiment to disentangle the separate impacts of stratification depth (affecting light supply) and temperature on the magnitude and timing of successional events in the plankton. We followed the dynamics of the phytoplankton spring bloom, the clear-water phase and the spring peak in Daphnia abundance in response to our experimental manipulations. Deeper mixing delayed the timing of all spring seasonal events and reduced the magnitudes of the phytoplankton bloom and the subsequent Daphnia peak. Colder temperatures retarded the timing of the clear-water phase and the subsequent Daphnia peak, whereas the timing of the phytoplankton peak was unrelated to temperature. Most effects of mixing depth (light) and temperature manipulations were independent, effects of mixing depth being more prevalent than effects of temperature. Because mixing depth governs both the light climate and the temperature regime in the mixed surface layer, we propose that climate-driven changes in the timing and depth of water column stratification may have far-reaching consequences for plankton dynamics and should receive increased attention. KW - Algal spring bloom KW - Clear-water phase KW - Daphnia hyalina KW - Enclosure experiment KW - Phytoplankton KW - Zooplankton Y1 - 2007 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-006-0550-9 VL - 150 IS - 4 SP - 643 EP - 654 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Karlinger, Peter A1 - Schemme, Michael A1 - Knorr, Ludwig A1 - Hummel, Sabine T1 - Verbund zwischen Organoblech und angespritzten Strukturen T2 - Forschungsbericht 2016 der Hochschule Rosenheim N2 - Seit über zehn Jahren erforschen Wissenschaftler und Wissenschaftlerinnen der Fachrichtung Kunststofftechnik an der Hochschule Rosenheim Verbindungstechnologien und -mechanismen zwischen endlosverstärkten Thermoplasten und angespritzten Funktionsstrukturen. Besonders die Automobilindustrie hat an den neuen Möglichkeiten im Leichtbau großes Interesse. Im Projekt "OrganoRipp" untersuchte die Hochschule in Kooperation mit zwei Unternehmenspartnern neue Verbundmöglichkeiten. KW - Oranoblech KW - Faserverbundkunststoffe KW - Kunststofftechnik KW - Hybridtechnologie KW - Spritzguss Y1 - 2017 SP - 32 EP - 33 ER -