TY - CHAP A1 - Brunsmeier, Martin A1 - Krommes, Sandra A1 - Auer, Veronika T1 - The role of innovation in managing new challenges in the forest-based sector at regional level in the EU T2 - 5th Forest Innovation Workshop KW - ONEforest KW - Bioeconomy KW - Forest Wood Value Chain Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Huber, Michael A1 - Krommes, Sandra T1 - Elektromobilität: Status, Bedarf und Potentiale öffentlicher Ladeinfrastruktur N2 - Die empirische Studie „Elektromobilität: Status, Bedarf und Potentiale öffentlicher Ladeinfrastruktur“ beschäftigt sich mit dem Status und den Geschäftsstrukturen von Versorgungsunternehmen im Geschäftsfeld der Elektromobilität sowie dem aktuellen Stand, den Planungen und den Entwicklungen im Bereich der öffentlichen Ladeinfrastruktur. Sie liefert Informationen zu der Bedeutung, der Struktur und der marktseitigen Ausgestaltung von den Geschäftsmodellen der öffentlichen Ladeinfrastruktur von Versorgungsunternehmen sowie den strategischen Implikationen hinsichtlich der zukünftigen Investitionen, Hürden, Anreize sowie dem erforderlichen Netzausbau und den Auswirkungen auf die Geschäftsmodelle der öffentlichen Ladeinfrastruktur. Die Studie wurde im Zeitraum April bis Juli 2019 erhoben. Insgesamt haben 33 Energieversorgungsunternehmen (EVU) aus dem gesamten Bundesgebiet an der Studie teilgenommen. Die 33 teilnehmenden Unternehmen sind je zu einem Drittel kleine, mittelgroße und große EVU, wobei sich die Charakterisierung nach der Größe an der Anzahl der Mitarbeiter orientiert. T3 - Rosenheimer Beiträge - 1 KW - Elektromobilität KW - Öffentliche Ladeinfrastruktur KW - Geschäftsmodelle Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:861-opus4-13320 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hummel, Sabine A1 - Obermeier, Katharina A1 - Zier, Katja A1 - Krommes, Sandra A1 - Schemme, Michael A1 - Karlinger, Peter T1 - Analysis of Mechanical Properties Related to Fiber Length of Closed-Loop-Recycled Offcuts of a Thermoplastic Fiber Composites (Organo Sheets) JF - Materials N2 - Increasing demand for energy-efficient means of transport has steadily intensified the trend towards lightweight components. Thermoplastic glass fiber composites (organo sheets) play a major role in the production of functional automotive components. Organo sheets are cut, shaped and functionalized by injection molding to produce hybrid components, such as those used in car door modules. The cutting process produces a considerable amount of production waste, which has thus far been thermally recycled. This study develops a closed mechanical recycling process and analyzes the different steps of the process. The offcuts were shredded using two shredding methods and implemented directly in the injection-molding process. Using tensile tests and impact bending tests, the material properties of the recycled materials were compared with the virgin material. In addition, fiber length degradation via the injection-molding process and the influence of the waterjet-cutting process on the mechanical properties are investigated. Recycled offcuts are both comparable to new material in terms of mechanical properties and usability, and are also economically and ecologically advantageous. Recycling polypropylene waste with glass fiber reinforcement in a closed loop is an effective way to reduce industrial waste in a sustainable and economical production process. KW - sustainability KW - fiber composites KW - recycling KW - renewable materials KW - manufacturing process KW - resource efficiency KW - emissions KW - degradation KW - characterization Y1 - 2022 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15113872 VL - 15 IS - 11 SP - 3872 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kranich, Sebastian A1 - Krommes, Sandra A1 - Rieder, Rosina T1 - Bewertung der Rohstoffkritikalitäts-Methode nach VDI 4800 im Produktentwicklungsprozess: Fallstudie eines elektrischen Fahrzeugantriebsystems T1 - Evaluation of the raw material criticality method according to the standard VDI 4800 in the product development process: Case study of an electric vehicle drive system JF - NachhaltigkeitsManagementForum / Sustainability Management Forum N2 - Die Rohstoffknappheit sowie geopolitische und strukturell-technische Faktoren führen zu Rohstoffversorgungs- und Preisrisiken bei produzierenden Unternehmen. Darüber hinaus werden Unternehmen für soziale und ökologische Bedingungen der Rohstoffförderung und -aufbereitung in die Verantwortung genommen. In der Produktentwicklung werden die Eigenschaften eines Produktes und damit die verwendeten Rohstoffe definiert. Daher sind Methoden erforderlich, mit denen ökonomische, ökologische und soziale Risiken der Rohstoffversorgung in der Produktentwicklung analysiert werden können. Es existieren weder standardisierte Methoden, noch gibt es Erfahrung über die Bewertung von Rohstoffrisiken im Produktentwicklungsprozess. Die VDI 4800 stellt eine genormte Methode zur Bewertung der Rohstoffkritikalität zur Verfügung. Daher wird die Anwendbarkeit der Methode im Produktentwicklungsprozess der Automobilindustrie untersucht. Anfangs werden verschiedene Ansätze zur Bewertung der Rohstoffkritikalität verglichen, um die Bewertungskriterien der VDI 4800 zu validieren. Basierend auf der Fallstudie eines Elektrischen Antriebssystems für ein Fahrzeug wird die Akzeptanz, Effizienz, Verlässlichkeit, Güte und Effektivität der Methode bewertet. Die VDI 4800 empfiehlt sich als geeignete Methode in der Produktentwicklung, zeigt indes Weiterentwicklungspotential hinsichtlich der Klassifizierung von kurz- bis langfristigen Rohstoffrisiken sowie der Entwicklung von sozial-gesellschaftlichen und ökologischen Bewertungskriterien in der Rohstoffgewinnung und -aufbereitung auf. N2 - The shortage of raw materials as well as geopolitical, structural and technical factors lead to raw material supply and price risks for manufacturing companies. In addition, companies in industrial countries are held responsible for social and environmental impacts caused by the extraction and processing of raw materials. In product development, the characteristics of a product and thus the raw materials used are defined. For this reason, methods are required which assess the economic, environmental and social risks of raw material supply in product development. There are no generally acknowledged or standardized methodologies, nor is there any experience of assessing raw material risks in the product development process. The VDI 4800 provides a standardized method for assessing supply and vulnerability risks of raw materials. Therefore, the applicability of the method in an early phase of the automotive product development is investigated. At the beginning, it compares different approaches for the assessment of supply and vulnerability risks to validate the assessment criteria of the VDI 4800. Based on the case study of an electric vehicle drive system, the acceptance, efficiency, reliability and effectiveness of the method are evaluated. The VDI 4800 is recommended as a suitable method in product development, however, it unveils further need for improvements with regard to the classification of short- to long-term raw material risks and the development of social and environmental assessment criteria for the extraction and processing of raw materials. KW - Rohstoffkritikalität KW - VDI 4800 KW - elektrischer Fahrzeugantrieb KW - Produktentwicklung KW - raw material criticality KW - electric vehicle drive system KW - product development process Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00550-018-0481-z VL - 27 IS - 1 SP - 53 EP - 63 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krommes, Sandra A1 - Brunsmeier, Martin A1 - Auer, Veronika T1 - Bioökonomie – welchen Beitrag kann die Ökobilanzierung leisten? T2 - 1. Internationales Wood BioEconomy-Forum (WBE) KW - Bioökonomie KW - Ökobilanzierung KW - Kohlenstoffspeicher KW - Life Cycle Assessment Y1 - 2023 CY - Rosenheim ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Krommes, Sandra A1 - Jelonnek, Denis T1 - Betreibermodelle für (halb-) öffentliche Ladeinfastruktur N2 - Analyse und Bewertung von Geschäfts- und Betreibermodellen für (halb-) öffentlicher Ladeinfrastruktur aus Sicht kommunaler Akteure. KW - Elektromobiliät KW - öffentliche Ladeinfrastruktur KW - Betreibermodelle KW - Geschäftsmodelle Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:861-opus4-13041 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krommes, Sandra A1 - Schmidt, Felix ED - Calabrese, Giuseppe Giulio T1 - Business model analysis of electric mobility products and services JF - International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management IJATM N2 - The automotive value chain is experiencing significant transformation. Due to changed mobility use patterns and external conditions such as climate change, scarcity of resources and local air pollution, car manufacturers offer connectivity services and are forced to launch electric mobility. Most of the electric vehicles have additional, complementary products and services. As other market participants also engage in this field car manufacturers must decide whether they transform their business model. Therefore, the questions arise which are the determining key criteria for the business models, what are the business segments car manufacturers are engaged and how car manufacturers are preparing for the transformation. By using qualitative content analysis, key criteria for business model analysis are derived. The portfolio analysis of six car manufacturers in the German market unveils that a few car manufacturers are in an advanced state while others follow with a considerable lag, or even, are behind. KW - transformation of automobile sector; electric vehicle; electric mobility provider; additional; complementary services and products Y1 - 2017 VL - 2017 IS - Vol. 17 / No. 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krommes, Sandra A1 - Tomaschko, Florian T1 - Chance für mehr Ressourceneffizienz - Methode der Wert- und Stoffstromanalyse im Kontext der digitalen Transformation bestehender Fertigungsanlagen T1 - Opportunity for More Resource Efficiency JF - Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb (zwf) N2 - Die dynamische Wert- und Stoffstrommodellierung bildet die In- und Output-Ströme von Prozessen mittels Digitalisierungstechnologien ab. In einem aus fünf Schritten bestehenden methodischen Vorgehen kann der Einstieg in die Digitalisierung der Produktion für KMU mit bestehenden Anlagen- und Maschinenparks (Brownfield-Ansatz) gelingen: Ein digitaler Schatten ermöglicht ein echtzeit- und realdatenbasiertes Monitoring von Einzel- und Kleinserienfertigungen zur Steigerung der Ressourceneffizienz. Method of Value and Material Flow Analysis within the Digital Transformation of a Brownfield Approach. Dynamic value and material flow modeling maps input and output flows of processes by means of digitization. In a methodical approach consisting of five steps, SMEs with existing plant and machine parks (brownfield approach) can be successfully introduced to the digitization of production: A digital shadow of a defined process enables a real-time and real data-based monitoring and key figure system for individual and small series production. KW - Ressourcenefficienz KW - Digitalisierung KW - Industrie 4.0 KW - Wertstromanalyse KW - Stoffstromanalyse KW - digitaler Zwilling Y1 - 2021 UR - https://doi.org/10.1515/zwf-2021-0012 VL - 116 IS - 1-2 SP - 58 EP - 63 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krommes, Sandra A1 - Tomaschko, Florian T1 - Conceptual framework of a digital twin fostering sustainable manufacturing in a brownfield approach of small volume production for SMEs T2 - Conference Proceedings of the 18th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing, October 5-7, 2022, Berlin N2 - SMEs are increasingly forced to shift to more sustainable manufacturing. Industry 4.0 can support the transformation and foster innovation. But, SMEs need solutions with a low barrier to entry in terms of investment, IT knowledge and capacities. A framework based on value and material flow analysis, low investments and user-oriented IT skills is proposed. As an example, it is implemented in the furniture industry and shows a digital twin in terms of monitoring the energy and material flows. In addition, a product-specific allocation of energy consumption, energy peak shaving and other applications are possible. KW - Industry 4.0 KW - sustainable manufacturing KW - green transformation of manufacturing KW - cyber-physicial production system KW - value and material flow analysis Y1 - 2023 UR - https://link.springer.com/book/9783031288401 VL - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 8 CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rieder, Rosina A1 - Krommes, Sandra A1 - Lang, Werner ED - Brotas, Luisa ED - Roaf, Susan ED - Nicol, Fergus T1 - Criticality assessment of indium for thin-film photovoltaics in the context of sustainability goals for the German housing sector T2 - PROCEEDINGS of 33rd PLEA International Conference N2 - In countries with large import dependencies, several studies on strategically important metals have classified raw materials as being critical by combining supply and vulnerability risks. In case of availability, the most critical raw materials are metallic ores and industrial minerals. Within the scope of developing resource efficient buildings, innovative building technologies, such as renewable energy systems, are becoming increasingly integral parts of buildings. Since critical raw materials are essential components in building technologies, they will also play an important role in the housing sector. In this context, it is crucial to consider how sustainability goals in the housing sector are affected by raw material criticality. This paper addresses supply and vulnerability risks of indium, which is contained in thin-film photovoltaics, in order to identify their impacts on future developments in the housing sector. Raw material availability is significantly influenced by the demand and supply of raw materials. To implement risk factors for a criticality assessment in sector-specific material flows, their impacts are analysed and modelled using a dynamic, macro-economic approach. Assuming different energy scenarios in the German housing sector up to 2050, the model reveals the raw material criticality by pointing out supply risks in order to derive recommendations. KW - criticality, raw materials, thin-film photovoltaics, indium, system dynamics Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-0-9928957-5-4 SP - 3692 EP - 3698 PB - NCEUB CY - Edinburgh ER -