TY - JOUR A1 - Kranich, Sebastian A1 - Krommes, Sandra A1 - Rieder, Rosina T1 - Bewertung der Rohstoffkritikalitäts-Methode nach VDI 4800 im Produktentwicklungsprozess: Fallstudie eines elektrischen Fahrzeugantriebsystems T1 - Evaluation of the raw material criticality method according to the standard VDI 4800 in the product development process: Case study of an electric vehicle drive system JF - NachhaltigkeitsManagementForum / Sustainability Management Forum N2 - Die Rohstoffknappheit sowie geopolitische und strukturell-technische Faktoren führen zu Rohstoffversorgungs- und Preisrisiken bei produzierenden Unternehmen. Darüber hinaus werden Unternehmen für soziale und ökologische Bedingungen der Rohstoffförderung und -aufbereitung in die Verantwortung genommen. In der Produktentwicklung werden die Eigenschaften eines Produktes und damit die verwendeten Rohstoffe definiert. Daher sind Methoden erforderlich, mit denen ökonomische, ökologische und soziale Risiken der Rohstoffversorgung in der Produktentwicklung analysiert werden können. Es existieren weder standardisierte Methoden, noch gibt es Erfahrung über die Bewertung von Rohstoffrisiken im Produktentwicklungsprozess. Die VDI 4800 stellt eine genormte Methode zur Bewertung der Rohstoffkritikalität zur Verfügung. Daher wird die Anwendbarkeit der Methode im Produktentwicklungsprozess der Automobilindustrie untersucht. Anfangs werden verschiedene Ansätze zur Bewertung der Rohstoffkritikalität verglichen, um die Bewertungskriterien der VDI 4800 zu validieren. Basierend auf der Fallstudie eines Elektrischen Antriebssystems für ein Fahrzeug wird die Akzeptanz, Effizienz, Verlässlichkeit, Güte und Effektivität der Methode bewertet. Die VDI 4800 empfiehlt sich als geeignete Methode in der Produktentwicklung, zeigt indes Weiterentwicklungspotential hinsichtlich der Klassifizierung von kurz- bis langfristigen Rohstoffrisiken sowie der Entwicklung von sozial-gesellschaftlichen und ökologischen Bewertungskriterien in der Rohstoffgewinnung und -aufbereitung auf. N2 - The shortage of raw materials as well as geopolitical, structural and technical factors lead to raw material supply and price risks for manufacturing companies. In addition, companies in industrial countries are held responsible for social and environmental impacts caused by the extraction and processing of raw materials. In product development, the characteristics of a product and thus the raw materials used are defined. For this reason, methods are required which assess the economic, environmental and social risks of raw material supply in product development. There are no generally acknowledged or standardized methodologies, nor is there any experience of assessing raw material risks in the product development process. The VDI 4800 provides a standardized method for assessing supply and vulnerability risks of raw materials. Therefore, the applicability of the method in an early phase of the automotive product development is investigated. At the beginning, it compares different approaches for the assessment of supply and vulnerability risks to validate the assessment criteria of the VDI 4800. Based on the case study of an electric vehicle drive system, the acceptance, efficiency, reliability and effectiveness of the method are evaluated. The VDI 4800 is recommended as a suitable method in product development, however, it unveils further need for improvements with regard to the classification of short- to long-term raw material risks and the development of social and environmental assessment criteria for the extraction and processing of raw materials. KW - Rohstoffkritikalität KW - VDI 4800 KW - elektrischer Fahrzeugantrieb KW - Produktentwicklung KW - raw material criticality KW - electric vehicle drive system KW - product development process Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00550-018-0481-z VL - 27 IS - 1 SP - 53 EP - 63 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rieder, Rosina A1 - Krommes, Sandra A1 - Lang, Werner ED - Brotas, Luisa ED - Roaf, Susan ED - Nicol, Fergus T1 - Criticality assessment of indium for thin-film photovoltaics in the context of sustainability goals for the German housing sector T2 - PROCEEDINGS of 33rd PLEA International Conference N2 - In countries with large import dependencies, several studies on strategically important metals have classified raw materials as being critical by combining supply and vulnerability risks. In case of availability, the most critical raw materials are metallic ores and industrial minerals. Within the scope of developing resource efficient buildings, innovative building technologies, such as renewable energy systems, are becoming increasingly integral parts of buildings. Since critical raw materials are essential components in building technologies, they will also play an important role in the housing sector. In this context, it is crucial to consider how sustainability goals in the housing sector are affected by raw material criticality. This paper addresses supply and vulnerability risks of indium, which is contained in thin-film photovoltaics, in order to identify their impacts on future developments in the housing sector. Raw material availability is significantly influenced by the demand and supply of raw materials. To implement risk factors for a criticality assessment in sector-specific material flows, their impacts are analysed and modelled using a dynamic, macro-economic approach. Assuming different energy scenarios in the German housing sector up to 2050, the model reveals the raw material criticality by pointing out supply risks in order to derive recommendations. KW - criticality, raw materials, thin-film photovoltaics, indium, system dynamics Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-0-9928957-5-4 SP - 3692 EP - 3698 PB - NCEUB CY - Edinburgh ER -