TY - JOUR A1 - Döringer, Tobias A1 - Horstmannshoff, Caren A1 - Kiesel, Theresia A1 - Schädler, Stefan A1 - Müller, Martin A1 - Bauer, Petra T1 - Entwicklung und Evaluierung einer evidenzbasierten Schulung zur physiotherapeutischen Versorgung von Patient*innen mit Schwindel und/oder Gleichgewichtsstörungen im Rahmen eines Versorgungspfades JF - physioscience KW - Physiotherapie, Schwindel, Versorgungspfad Y1 - 2026 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1777896 IS - 20/S 01 SP - S10 EP - S11 PB - Thieme Verlag CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kellner, Robert T1 - Making Effective Videos and Live Online Lectures Quickly with a Live Composite Format JF - International Journal of Innovation in Science and Mathematics Education (IJISME) N2 - Instructional videos are the dominant mode of content delivery in higher education. They can be an effective tool for delivering educational content, providing flexibility in time and location and improving students' understanding of the material. The effectiveness of such videos may be enhanced by applying principles for multimedia design, which are based on a cognitive theory of multimedia learning. One way to adhere to those principles is by showing the instructor together with additional visuals on screen. Some studies suggest that this may have a positive effect on student learning and overall performance. The combination of the instructor and other visuals is usually done in post-production editing, which can be a time-consuming process. In this paper, a live composition video format is proposed, where the instructor is integrated into the presentation during recording. Using this approach, it is possible for the instructor to interact with added visuals directly, requiring little to no post-production. Furthermore, this method can also be used to enrich and increase the efficacy of synchronous live online lectures. KW - Video KW - Multimedia Learning KW - Online Lectures KW - Live Composite KW - Video-based Learning KW - Online-Lehre KW - Instructor Presence Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.30722/IJISME.31.05.003 VL - 2023 IS - Vol. 31 No. 5 SP - 29 EP - 39 PB - University of Sydney ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brandt, Hanna A1 - Zorn, A1 - Pfingsten, T1 - Markerloses Tracking von Bewegung in der Physiotherapie JF - physioscience KW - Motion capture Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1777887 VL - 20 IS - S 01 PB - Thieme CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Panahi, Benjamin A1 - Sandor, Viktor A1 - Tola, Imrane T1 - Das interne Moder der Feldafinger Brandkasse goes R JF - DAV Journal N2 - In diesem Artikel wird zum einen die Entwicklung eines Economic Scenario Generators zum anderen die Umsetzung des gesamten internen Modells der Feldafinger Brandkasse (FFBK) in R beschrieben. So erhält die FFBK ein vollständiges internes Modell in einer open source Programmierung. KW - FFBK_Feldafinger Brandkasse KW - Modellvalidierung KW - Schadenversicherung Y1 - 2025 IS - 04/24 SP - 280 EP - 286 PB - Deutsche Aktuarvereinigung (DAV) e.V. CY - Köln ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fettke, Ulrike A1 - Bergmann, Mona A1 - Wacker, Elisabeth T1 - Wohnungsleerstand partizipativ wandeln. Wohnbestandraum als Ressource sehen und die Wiedernutzung gemeindebasiert gestalten JF - INDES Zeitschrift für Politik und Gesellschaft Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666800399.101 SP - 101 EP - 110 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bergmann, Mona A1 - Ulrike, Fettke A1 - Wacker, Elisabeth T1 - Opening doors to affordable rental housing. Perspectives of private suburban owners with unused housing space JF - Urban Planning KW - homeownership KW - housing affordability KW - private landlords KW - rental prices KW - suburban housing KW - unused housing space Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17645/up.8595 VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kastl, Andrea A1 - Rauner, Yvonne A1 - Mayer-Huber, Sandra A1 - Oestreich, Claudia A1 - Benstetter, Franz A1 - Fettke, Ulrike T1 - Stakeholder needs assessment for developing ageing in place solutions – a qualitative study JF - BMC Geriatrics KW - Stakeholder needs analysis KW - Design thinking KW - Older adults KW - Aeging in place KW - Ambient assisted living KW - User-centered design Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-024-04722-x IS - 24:104 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kellner, Florian A1 - Utz, Sebastian T1 - An inverse optimization approach for studying sustainability preferences in sourcing decisions JF - Journal of Cleaner Production N2 - Throughout many societies around the globe, there is growing awareness of the urgent need for the transition towards a sustainable economy. Research shows that buying firms have substantial leverage to initiate sustainable development by controlling the sustainable performance of their suppliers. In that context, this article presents a novel methodology based on inverse optimization to derive the implicit preferences of decision-makers in the trade-off between traditional sourcing objectives and sustainability in the supplier selection and order allocation process. The derived implicit preferences can then be used for further analyses to gain a better understanding of the characteristics of purchasing managers and sourcing situations that come with particularly high/low preferences placed on sustainability. Since the inverse optimization approach is computationally resource-intensive and consumes a significant amount of time, we present a scalable state-of-the-art cloud architecture that allows solving an arbitrary number of optimization programs in an acceptable amount of time. We demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed methodology in a real-world case. In doing so, we test how important sustainability aspects are in the supplier selection and order allocation decisions of one of the world's largest automotive parts manufacturers. KW - Supplier selection KW - Order allocation KW - Sourcing decisions KW - Sustainability KW - Inverse optimization Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.144305 VL - 483 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stecher, Dominik A1 - Neumayer, Martin A1 - Ramachandran, Adithya A1 - Hort, Anastasia A1 - Maier, Andreas A1 - Bücker, Dominikus A1 - Schmidt, Jochen T1 - Creating a labelled district heating data set: From anomaly detection towards fault detection JF - Energy N2 - For an efficient operation of district heating systems, being able to detect anomalies and faults at an early stage is highly desirable. Here, data-driven machine learning methods can be a cornerstone, particularly for fault detection in district heating substations, where the availability of heat meter data keeps increasing. However, the creation of data sets suitable for training such machine learning models poses challenges to researchers and practitioners alike. To address this problem, we propose a systematic and domain-specific process for data set creation for fault detection in the form of practical guidelines. This process concretizes the data science and data mining cross-industry standard CRISP-DM for the district heating domain and focuses on the process steps of goal definition, data acquisition and understanding, and data curation. We aim to enable researchers and practitioners to create data sets for fault detection in the district heating domain and therefore also enable the creation or improvement of machine learning models in this domain. In addition, we propose a minimum viable feature set for fault detection in district heating networks with the goal of enabling better cooperation between researchers and easier transfer of the resulting machine learning models, to better proliferate new progress in the field. KW - Machine Learning Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.134016 VL - 313 SP - 134016 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kardas, Leopold A1 - Nick, Carola A1 - Lüftl, Katharina T1 - „Das ist wirklich eine Gratwanderung“: Schlüsselprobleme der Patientinnen- und Familienedukation zu technischen Assistenzsystemen in Sozial- und Gesundheitsberufen – eine Grounded Theory JF - Heilberufe Science N2 - Hintergrund Zwischen technischen Assistenzsystemen für die häusliche Versorgung und ihren potenziellen Nutzer:innen bestehen häufig erhebliche Passungsprobleme. Patient:innen- und Familienedukation stellt eine multimethodische und subjektorientierte Vermittlungsstrategie, die Brücken zwischen Mensch und Technik bauen und somit das postulierte Potenzial technischer Assistenzsysteme nutzbar machen könnte, dar. Pflegefachpersonen scheinen durch ihr edukatives Selbstverständnis und ihre Nähe zu Betroffenen prädestiniert für diese Aufgabe zu sein, werden durch ihre Ausbildung bisher aber nur unzureichend darauf vorbereitet. Zielsetzung und Fragestellung Zur Fundierung eines curricularen Bausteins der Pflegeausbildung und des Pflegestudiums sollen berufliche Schlüsselprobleme der Patient:innenedukation zu technischen Assistenzsystemen in den Sozial- und Gesundheitsberufen erhoben werden. Diese stellen empirisch identifizierte Herausforderungen im Handlungsfeld der Technikberatung, die zugleich auch pflegedidaktische Verhältnisbestimmungen zwischen Technik und pflege- bzw. gesundheitsberuflichem Handeln ermöglichen sollen, dar. Methoden Es wurde eine qualitative Studie durchgeführt. Auf der Grundlage einer Methodentriangulation wurden 15 Interviews geführt und anschließend mithilfe der Grounded-Theory-Methodologie nach Strauss und Corbin ausgewertet. Ergebnisse Als zentrales Schlüsselphänomen konnte die Praxis der Gratwanderung, welche 4 Schlüsselprobleme umfasst, identifiziert werden. Die Gratwanderung der Akteur:innen im Umgang mit den Schlüsselproblemen mündet in einer heuristischen Technikfolgenabschätzung, in der potenzieller Nutzen und Schaden von technischen Assistenzsystemen gegeneinander abgewogen werden. Hierfür müssen technische Artefakte in einen Zusammenhang mit (1) den Alltagspraktiken, (2) den soziomaterialen Rahmenbedingungen sowie (3) den Technikdeutungen ihrer Nutzer:innen gestellt werden. Schlussfolgerung Die Patient:innenedukation stellt eine geeignete Strategie dar, um das Handlungsfeld der Technikberatung weiter zu professionalisieren und so die Potenziale von technischen Assistenzsystemen in der häuslichen Versorgung realistisch zu nutzen. KW - Assistenztechnologien · Technikberatung · Edukation · Pflegebildung · Pflegedidaktik Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s16024-024-00419-8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pscherer, Theresa A1 - Krommes, Sandra T1 - LCA standards for environmental product assessments in the bioeconomy with a focus on biogenic carbon: A systematic review JF - International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment N2 - Purpose Climate change mitigation is one of the priorities of the European Bioeconomy Strategy (BES). In this regard, renewable raw materials are a crucial resource, as they help to substitute fossil resources and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by storing biogenic carbon (C). To control the environmental impact of the European BES, the life cycle assessment (LCA) is the preferred method. Standards provide guidance for LCA. This review aims to present the state of the art of LCA-related standards, focusing on the assessment of biogenic C and its global warming potential (GWP) to evaluate them for decision-making with regard to the transition to a bioeconomy (BE) and climate change mitigation. Methods A systematic review is conducted using the database Nautos to reveal the relevant standards guiding LCA in the BE. In an iterative process, criteria for a comparative analysis are defined. The eligible standards are then qualitatively analysed and compared based on criteria previously derived in the iterative process. Results and discussion In the context of LCA and bio-based products, 13 documents are identified. Differences are revealed in the accounting of biogenic C flows, the calculation of the duration of biogenic C storage and the biogenic C content as well as the consideration of substitution effects. Furthermore, the standards do not provide any information on the assessment of biogenic C in the circular economy so far. Conclusion The importance of biogenic C aspects in LCA has been reflected in the standards over the last 20 years. However, further research is needed to harmonise the different aspects and integrate new relevant ones related to biogenic C and BE to support decision-making for the transition to a BE. This becomes more important as new legislation refers to LCA standards as the preferred assessment method. KW - Life cycle assessment (LCA) · Bioeconomy (BE) · Standards · Bio-based products · Biogenic carbon (C) · Substitution potential · Displacement factor (DF) · Carbon storage Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-024-02387-7 SP - 1 EP - 23 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, A1 - Feger, Sebastian A1 - Dullenkopf, A1 - Liao, A1 - Süsslin, A1 - Liu, A1 - Butz, T1 - Beyond Recommendations: From Backward to Forward AI Support of Pilots' Decision-Making Process JF - Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction N2 - AI is anticipated to enhance human decision-making in high-stakes domains like aviation, but adoption is often hindered by challenges such as inappropriate reliance and poor alignment with users' decision-making. Recent research suggests that a core underlying issue is the recommendation-centric design of many AI systems, i.e., they give end-to-end recommendations and ignore the rest of the decision-making process. Alternative support paradigms are rare, and it remains unclear how the few that do exist compare to recommendation-centric support. In this work, we aimed to empirically compare recommendation-centric support to an alternative paradigm, continuous support, in the context of diversions in aviation. We conducted a mixed-methods study with 32 professional pilots in a realistic setting. To ensure the quality of our study scenarios, we conducted a focus group with four additional pilots prior to the study. We found that continuous support can support pilots' decision-making in a forward direction, allowing them to think more beyond the limits of the system and make faster decisions when combined with recommendations, though the forward support can be disrupted. Participants' statements further suggest a shift in design goal away from providing recommendations, to supporting quick information gathering. Our results show ways to design more helpful and effective AI decision support that goes beyond end-to-end recommendations. KW - Human-AI Interaction Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3687024 VL - 8 IS - CSCW2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pfeiffer, Elisa A1 - Unterhitzenberger, Johanna A1 - Enderby, Pia A1 - Juusola, Aino A1 - Kostova, Zlatina A1 - Lindauer, Ramon J. L. A1 - Nuotio, Sanna-Kaija A1 - Samuelberg, Poa A1 - Jensen, Tine K T1 - The dissemination and implementation of trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy for children and adolescents in seven European countries JF - BMC Health Services Research N2 - Background There is broad scientific evidence for the effectiveness of individual trauma-focused evidence-based treatments (EBTs) such as “trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy” (TF-CBT) for children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress symptoms. However, there is a significant research-to-practice gap resulting in traumatized children in high-income countries in Europe having only very limited access to these treatments. The aim of this study was, therefore, to identify common barriers and successful dissemination and implementation (D&I) strategies of evidence-based trauma-focused treatments (in particular TF-CBT) in seven European countries. Methods For this study, we chose a mixed-method approach: an online survey among certified European TF-CBT trainers (N = 22) and the collection of country-based narratives from TF-CBT experts in different European countries (Finland, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden). Results Common modifiable barriers to the implementation of TF-CBT were identified on different levels (e.g. government or treatment level), and successful D&I strategies were highlighted across all countries, such as translations of materials. Additionally, the experts from the country narratives put together a broad overview of TF-CBT research in Europe. Conclusions The results of this study revealed that especially learning collaborations and the development of joint European efforts in funding and researching D&I strategies are crucial for future implementation of trauma-focused EBTs in Europe. KW - TF-CBT KW - Europe KW - dissemination KW - implementation KW - children and adolescents Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-11689-3 VL - 24 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Versen, Martin A1 - Wohlschläger, Maximilian A1 - Langhals, Heinz A1 - Laforsch, Christian T1 - The detection of organic polymers as contaminants in foodstuffs by means of the fluorescence decay of their auto fluorescence JF - Food and Humanity N2 - Products such as food can become contaminated during their manufacture or afterwards. Depending on the type of substance causing the contamination, these contaminants can be harmful to health and difficult to detect by visible inspection. The suitability of fluorescence decay and FD-FLIM for the detection of plastics contamination in foodstuffs is demonstrated. Therefore, a procedure for the detection of contaminating organic polymers (plastics) in processed meat such as salami by means of the fluorescence decay time of auto fluorescence is described. The auto fluorescence of processed meat was found to decay according to first order with a typical time constant of about 2 ns, whereas the time constant of significant polymers for the processing of meat is generally appreciably higher (2.5 ns – 5.5 ns depending on the polymer). As a consequence, contaminating organic polymers can not only be globally detected by means of the fluorescence decay but also localised in two-dimensional imaging. The present study reports a high potential of FD-FLIM for rapidly identifying and differentiating different plastics on and in different foodstuffs. The method allows an improved quality control of foodstuffs. KW - Fluorescence KW - Decay constant KW - Foodstuff KW - Imaging KW - Quality control KW - Organic polymers Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foohum.2024.100363 VL - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zentgraf, Peter A1 - Shivarkar, Abhishek T1 - A transparent experimental modelling method for linear multiple-input multiple-output systems JF - IFAC Journal of Systems and Control N2 - This paper presents a transparent technique that simulates processes using input and output measurement data without the use of any complex optimization or iterative algorithms. The method is very simple and easy to understand as it comprises only of linear ordinary differential equations, Laplace transformations and least squares technique. The solution can be expressed only in two linear matrix equations. The main aim is to provide bachelor students of engineering with a tool to formulate transfer functions. The method is validated with artificially generated erroneous measurement data as well as using measurements obtained from a practical application at the university. Inclusion of dead times and estimation of initial conditions make it ideal to be used for various range of applications such as stable and unstable systems with and without damping, open and closed loop systems. Over-integration, normalizing and/or zeroing of different coefficients add more degrees of freedom to improve the model quality. KW - Experimental modelling KW - Simulation KW - MIMO KW - Linear ODEs KW - Simplicity Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100283 VL - 30 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pott, Claudia A1 - Dreischulte, Tobias A1 - Koller, Daniela A1 - Fegl, Marlene A1 - Langemeyer, Jürgen A1 - Bauer, Petra T1 - Development of an interprofessional diagnostic toolkit to enhance outside walking gait-related participation of people after stroke in Germany: study protocol of an ongoing multi-methods study JF - BMJ Open N2 - Introduction: Persons after stroke experience limitations in activities of daily living even in the chronic phase. Many patients who had a stroke report mobility limitations with loss of social roles such as reduced gait- related participation. International best- practice recommendations for patients who had a stroke include interprofessional diagnostics as a core element for goal setting and intervention planning to improve social participation. Interprofessional diagnostics has not yet been implemented in Germany. Methods and analysis: The aim is to develop an interprofessional diagnostic toolkit. This will be done in a multi- step process: first, an integrative review is conducted to synthesise the literature. Second, the experiences regarding diagnostics and walking outside is captured in focus groups with persons after stroke, relatives and health professionals. Third, a toolkit for the interprofessional diagnostic process of gait- related- participation will be developed based on the results of the previous steps in a future workshop. Fourth, the results of each work package will be integrated into the iterative development process for evaluation and implementation. All steps will be performed in accordance with the respective reporting guidelines. Ethics and dissemination: This study has been approved by the ethics committee at the Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Germany and is overseen by LMU-Medical Institutional Review Board. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Results will be disseminated through knowledge exchange with stakeholders and in peer- reviewed journal publications, scientific conferences, formal and informal reports. Stakeholders, patients and providers will be involved in most steps of the development from the beginning, which will facilitate later implementation at a larger scale. Trial registration number: German Register Clinical Trials/Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien DRKS00032389. KW - Stroke KW - Interprofessional Collaboration KW - Diagnostic techniques and procedures KW - Community-Based Participatory Research KW - Patient-Centered Care Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084316 N1 - Wir danken Denise Leonhardt für Ihre Unterstützung. VL - 14 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seeber, Isabella A1 - Fleischmann, Carolin A1 - Cardon, Peter A1 - Aritz, Jolanta T1 - Fostering Psychological Safety in Global Virtual Teams: The Role of Team-Based Interventions and Digital Reminder Nudges JF - Group Decision and Negotiation N2 - Psychological safety (PS), the feeling of being comfortable to express one’s ideas or opinions in teams, is a key determinant of successful global virtual teams (GVT). Even though considerable knowledge exists about its antecedents, it is unknown how team-based interventions (TBI) and technology-based interventions (digital reminder nudges, DRN) foster PS among team members. Based on a survey involving 235 participants, our data show that TBI and DRN foster psychological safety in GVT. However, only the effect of TBI on psychological safety can be explained with a higher-quality coordination process. It remains unclear what causal mechanism explains the effect of DRN. These findings contribute to the literature on PS by showing that TBI facilitate effective coordination processes and to the literature on digital nudges by demonstrating that technology-based reminders drive PS. KW - Artificial Intelligence KW - Collaboration KW - Digital nudging KW - Global virtual teams KW - Psychological safety KW - Team intervention Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10726-024-09899-5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lindemann, Christina A1 - Schunk, Michaela A1 - Keßler, Laura A1 - Bierbaum, Thomas A1 - Eichinger, Michael A1 - Farin-Glattacker, Erik A1 - Geraedts, Max A1 - Härter, Martin A1 - Heytens, Heike A1 - Meusch, Andreas A1 - Schoffer, Olaf A1 - Van Den Berg, Neeltje A1 - Vollmar, Horst Christian A1 - Von Kutzleben, Milena A1 - Hoffmann, Wolfgang A1 - Schmitt, Jochen T1 - Verbessert der Innovationsfonds die Versorgung? Eine kritische Bestandsaufnahme zum Stand der Implementierung erfolgreicher Innovationsfondsprojekte in die Versorgungspraxis JF - Das Gesundheitswesen N2 - Einleitung Der Innovationsfonds des G-BA fördert seit 2015 Projekte der Versorgungsforschung und neuer Versorgungsformen. Bis Ende 2022 wurden 211 Projekte im Bereich “Neue Versorgungsformen” gefördert. Ein zentrales Ziel ist der Praxistransfer erfolgreicher Projekte in die Regelversorgung. Dieser Beitrag analysiert die bisherigen Projekte hinsichtlich ihrer Umsetzung in die Regelversorgung anhand von Transferempfehlungen des Innovationsausschusses (IA). Methode Deskriptive Analyse aller bis zum 01. August 2023 im Förderbereich „Neue Versorgungsformen (NVF)“ abgeschlossenen Projekte mit Transferempfehlung. Darstellung nach Themenfeld, Projektlaufzeit und Zeitdauer bis zum Beschluss des IA, Einordnung und Anzahl der pro Projekt angesprochenen Institutionen und Organisationen (Adressaten), Anzahl der auf der Website des G-BA veröffentlichten Rückmeldungen, Antwortquoten pro Adressatengruppe sowie eine inhaltliche Klassifizierung und Interpretation exemplarischer Rückmeldungen. Formulierung von Handlungsempfehlungen anhand der Ergebnisse und deren Diskussion in einem Expert:innenworkshop. Ergebnisse Von 57 geförderten NVF-Projekten hatten 17 eine Transferempfehlung. Insgesamt 57 Rückmeldungen von 431 Adressaten wurden erhalten. Die Antwortquoten variierten erheblich. Ein Drittel der Anfragen an den G-BA und dessen Trägerorganisationen erhielten eine Antwort (31%), während nur jede fünfte Anfrage an Bundesländer (18%) und Fachgesellschaften (18%) beantwortet wurde. Weniger als jede zehnte Anfrage an das BMG (8%), Vertragspartner der Selbstverwaltung (6%) und die Bundesärztekammer (0%) erhielt eine Rückmeldung. Projektbezogene Rückmeldungen innerhalb eines Adressatenkreises waren oft widersprüchlich oder beschränkten sich auf den regionalen Wirkungsbereich. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung Der Transferprozess zeigt deutliche strukturelle und prozessuale Hindernisse bezüglich der Überführung erfolgreich evaluierte Projekte. Für den Innovationsfonds ist jedoch entscheidend, ob bei positivem Projektergebnis eine realistische Chance besteht, die untersuchte Intervention erfolgreich in die Regelversorgung zu überführen, um eine möglichst effektive Verwendung der Fördermittel zu gewährleisten. Das DNVF empfiehlt eine stärkere Einbindung regelungskompetenter Institutionen, Veröffentlichungspflicht, strukturierte Moderation, Weiterentwicklung der Selektivverträge, Förderung von Implementierungsphasen und die Finanzierung projektübergreifender Forschung zu Versorgungsmodellen. T2 - Does the Innovation Fund Improve Healthcare Provision? A Critical Assessment of the Status of Implementing Successful Innovation Fund Projects into Healthcare Practice KW - Versorgungsforschung KW - Innovation Fund KW - Forschungsförderung KW - Implementation KW - Regelversorgung KW - Innovationen in Versorgungsformen Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2270-3537 VL - 86 IS - 06 SP - 451 EP - 462 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tomaschko, Florian A1 - Reichelt, Lukas A1 - Krommes, Sandra T1 - Digitalisation of Manufacturing Systems: A Literature Review of Approaches to Assess the Sustainability of Digitalisation Technologies in Production Systems JF - Sustainability N2 - The digitalisation of production has a positive impact on manufacturing processes in terms of resource efficiency and environmental impact, particularly in the form of increased efficiency as well as cost and resource savings. However, the use of digitalisation technologies is also associated with efforts such as costs, CO2 emissions, and raw material consumption. When planning or deciding on the digitalisation of manufacturing systems, it is therefore necessary to assess whether these technologies pay off in terms of sustainability over their life cycle. This literature review (based on the PRISMA guidelines) analyses the relevance of sustainability assessment and its methods for the digitalisation of production in research. The review reveals that research focuses on the benefits of digitalisation technologies in manufacturing, while the assessment of efforts and their benefits is in its infancy. There is a need for further research on holistic assessment methods for digitalisation technologies. In particular, there is a lack of assessment methods that consistently link the economic and environmental dimensions of sustainability, and there is also a lack of guidance for the application of assessment methods in production. KW - digitalisation KW - sustainability KW - holistic assessment KW - cyber–physical system KW - digital twin KW - internet of things KW - industrial internet of things KW - Industry 4.0 KW - environmental KW - economic Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156275 VL - 16 IS - 15 SP - 6275 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mehta, Devang A1 - Klarmann, Noah T1 - Autoencoder-Based Visual Anomaly Localization for Manufacturing Quality Control JF - Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction N2 - Manufacturing industries require the efficient and voluminous production of high-quality finished goods. In the context of Industry 4.0, visual anomaly detection poses an optimistic solution for automatically controlled product quality with high precision. In general, automation based on computer vision is a promising solution to prevent bottlenecks at the product quality checkpoint. We considered recent advancements in machine learning to improve visual defect localization, but challenges persist in obtaining a balanced feature set and database of the wide variety of defects occurring in the production line. Hence, this paper proposes a defect localizing autoencoder with unsupervised class selection by clustering with k-means the features extracted from a pretrained VGG16 network. Moreover, the selected classes of defects are augmented with natural wild textures to simulate artificial defects. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of the defect localizing autoencoder with unsupervised class selection for improving defect detection in manufacturing industries. The proposed methodology shows promising results with precise and accurate localization of quality defects on melamine-faced boards for the furniture industry. Incorporating artificial defects into the training data shows significant potential for practical implementation in real-world quality control scenarios. KW - anomaly detection KW - artifical defect simulation KW - autoencoder KW - computer vision KW - defect detection KW - unsupervised clustering KW - visual product quality control Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/make6010001 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 17 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rößle, Felix A1 - Fleischmann, Carolin A1 - Roessle, Kathrin T1 - Gender diversity and financial performance in executive positions in German companies JF - Problems and Perspectives in Management N2 - An underrepresentation of women in executive positions has persisted for decades. This paper aims to analyze the financial impact of women in executive positions in German companies by examining the economic value added and exploring the effects of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors and female supervisory board members on female board members. The results indicate that in the 200 largest German companies, the share of female executives increased between 2018 and 2022. Regardless of industry, female executives started at very low levels at around 4% in 2018; in 2022, this figure reached around 11%. Thereby, the financial sector showed the highest share of female executives at around 14% in 2022, and the industrial sector at around 9%. A closer look reveals that large companies have higher shares of female executives than smaller companies. Large companies show an average of 17% compared to small ones, and in 2022, only 8%. There is a positive correlation between the share of female supervisory board members and female executives, arguing that female supervisory board members seem to hire more female executives. Companies with more female executives tend to have lower ESG controversy scores, and companies with more female executives, measured by the economic value added, perform better financially than companies with few or no women. Companies with female executives show about 2 percentage points higher economic value added than those with the lowest share of females (no or few female executives). Thus, it seems that female executives matter and make a difference in companies. KW - corporate financial performance KW - corporate governance KW - diversity KW - ESG KW - Germany Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.22(2).2024.44 VL - 22 IS - 2 SP - 571 EP - 581 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fuchs, A. A1 - Schwingenheuer, M. A1 - Steinegger, E. A1 - Voglmaier, T. T1 - On an Interaction Model of General Language Change JF - Journal of Quantitative Linguistics N2 - In the following article, we construct an interaction model of general language change. This contributes in particular to quantitative studies on reversible language change initiated by G. Altmann by adding explanatory character in tracing global features of general language change back to the individual interaction of speakers. Although the corresponding coupled differential equations are (presumably) non-integrable, we use methods from the theory of dynamical systems to deduce the long-term behaviour (depending on four interaction parameters) of the model for any given initial constellation of speakers. Subsequent numerical analysis of real data on language change is used to justify the relevance of the constructed model for the practicing quantitative linguist. We show how data-fitting methods can be used to determine the four interaction parameters and predict from them the long-term behaviour of the system, i.e. if complete language change or reversible language change will take place. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09296174.2024.2344946 VL - 31 IS - 2 SP - 107 EP - 138 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kraft, Sarah Katharina A1 - Quayson, Matthew A1 - Kellner, Florian T1 - Assessing the German Act on Corporate Due Diligence Obligations in Supply Chains: a perspective from the smallholder cocoa farmer JF - Frontiers in Sustainability N2 - This research examines the potential outputs, outcomes, and impacts of the German Act on Corporate Due Diligence Obligations in Supply Chains (LkSG) on the smallholder cocoa farmers in West Africa. The study primarily relies on a literature review and an impact pathway to conduct a systematic analysis to identify the potential effects of the LkSG on smallholder cocoa farmers. The findings indicate that some, but not all of the risks addressed by the LkSG align with those faced by smallholder cocoa farmers and their families. Additionally, the research also reveals weaknesses, particularly in managing environmental risks, which the LkSG does not adequately cover. Our findings show that in the short- and medium-term, the LkSG has no potential effects on smallholder cocoa farmers. Furthermore, the potential positive impacts of the law on smallholder cocoa farmers will take a long time to realize, as the LkSG considers primarily tier-1 suppliers. Companies in Germany might reassess their supply chains to strive for an LkSG-risk-free supply chain, which could in the long term have sustained impacts on smallholder cocoa farmers. However, we recommend a comprehensive risk analysis of the cocoa supply chain to enhance the human rights of cocoa farmers. KW - sustainability KW - due diligence KW - supply chain KW - smallholder cocoa farmer KW - human rights KW - LkSG KW - West Africa KW - Germany Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/frsus.2024.1376619 VL - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wohlschläger, Maximilian A1 - Versen, Martin A1 - Löder, Martin G. J. A1 - Laforsch, Christian T1 - Identification of different plastic types and natural materials from terrestrial environments using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. JF - Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry N2 - Environmental pollution by plastics is a global issue of increasing concern. However, microplastic analysis in complex environmental matrices, such as soil samples, remains an analytical challenge. Destructive mass-based methods for microplastic analysis do not determine plastics’ shape and size, which are essential parameters for reliable ecological risk assessment. By contrast, nondestructive particle-based methods produce such data but require elaborate, time-consuming sample preparation. Thus, time-efficient and reliable methods for microplastic analysis are needed. The present study explored the potential of frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FD-FLIM) for rapidly and reliably identifying as well as differentiating plastics and natural materials from terrestrial environments. We investigated the fluorescence spectra of ten natural materials from terrestrial environments, tire wear particles, and eleven different transparent plastic granulates <5 mm to determine the optimal excitation wavelength for identification and differentiation via FD-FLIM under laboratory conditions. Our comparison of different excitation wavelengths showed that 445 nm excitation exhibited the highest fluorescence intensities. 445 nm excitation was also superior for identifying plastic types and distinguishing them from natural materials from terrestrial environments with a high probability using FD-FLIM. We could demonstrate that FD-FLIM analysis has the potential to contribute to a streamlined and time-efficient direct analysis of microplastic contamination. However, further investigations on size-, shape-, color-, and material-type detection limitations are necessary to evaluate if the direct identification of terrestrial environmental samples of relatively low complexity, such as a surface inspection soil, is possible. KW - FD-FLIM KW - Fluorescence lifetime KW - Microplastic contamination KW - Microplastic in soils KW - Plastic identification KW - Terrestrial pollution Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-024-05305-w ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wohlschläger, Maximilian A1 - Versen, Martin A1 - Löder, Martin G. J. A1 - Laforsch, Christian T1 - A promising method for fast identification of microplastic particles in environmental samples: A pilot study using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy JF - Heliyon N2 - Microplastic pollution of the environment has been extensively studied, with recent studies focusing on the prevalence of microplastics in the environment and their effects on various organisms. Identification methods that simplify the extraction and analysis process to the point where the extraction can be omitted are being investigated, thus enabling the direct identification of microplastic particles. Currently, microplastic samples from environmental matrices can only be identified using time-consuming extraction, sample processing, and analytical methods. Various spectroscopic methods are currently employed, such as micro Fourier-transform infrared, attenuated total reflectance, and micro Raman spectroscopy. However, microplastics in environmental matrices cannot be directly identified using these spectroscopic methods. Investigations using frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FD-FLIM) to identify and differentiate plastics from environmental materials have yielded promising results for directly identifying microplastics in an environmental matrix. Herein, two artificially prepared environmental matrices that included natural soil, grass, wood, and high-density polyethylene were investigated using FD-FLIM. Our first results showed that we successfully identified one plastic type in the two artificially prepared matrices using FD-FLIM. However, further research must be conducted to improve the FD-FLIM method and explore its limitations for directly identifying microplastics in environmental samples. KW - FD-FLIM KW - Fluorescence lifetime KW - Environmental science KW - Fluorescence microscopy KW - Material identification KW - Microplastics Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25133 VL - 10 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kraft, Sarah Katharina A1 - Quayson, Matthew A1 - Kellner, Florian T1 - Assessing the German Act on Corporate Due Diligence Obligations in Supply Chains: a perspective from the smallholder cocoa farmer JF - Frontiers in Sustainability N2 - This research examines the potential outputs, outcomes, and impacts of the German Act on Corporate Due Diligence Obligations in Supply Chains (LkSG) on the smallholder cocoa farmers in West Africa. The study primarily relies on a literature review and an impact pathway to conduct a systematic analysis to identify the potential effects of the LkSG on smallholder cocoa farmers. The findings indicate that some, but not all of the risks addressed by the LkSG align with those faced by smallholder cocoa farmers and their families. Additionally, the research also reveals weaknesses, particularly in managing environmental risks, which the LkSG does not adequately cover. Our findings show that in the short- and medium-term, the LkSG has no potential effects on smallholder cocoa farmers. Furthermore, the potential positive impacts of the law on smallholder cocoa farmers will take a long time to realize, as the LkSG considers primarily tier-1 suppliers. Companies in Germany might reassess their supply chains to strive for an LkSG-risk-free supply chain, which could in the long term have sustained impacts on smallholder cocoa farmers. However, we recommend a comprehensive risk analysis of the cocoa supply chain to enhance the human rights of cocoa farmers. KW - sustainability KW - due diligence KW - supply chain KW - smallholder cocoa farmer KW - human rights KW - LkSG KW - West Africa KW - Germany Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/frsus.2024.1376619 VL - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwarz, Benedikt A1 - Ortler, Matthias A1 - Lindner, Johannes T1 - Rotational speed change and reverse mixing to avoid baffles in dispersing processes JF - Chemical Engineering Research and Design N2 - Stirring is used for mass and heat transfer, particle suspending or similar processes. It is commonly conducted in a steady operation mode. This paper targets on performing the stirring process dynamically by reversing the rotation direction to introduce additional turbulences and hence accelerating the dispersing processes. The power introduced into the fluid as well as mixing kinetics performing dynamic mixing were studied based on the rotational acceleration, blade pitch angle, liquid volume and duration of the rotational speed direction interval for a vessel equipped with a turbine agitator with and without baffles. Experiments show that baffles are not necessary if reverse mixing is performed at a specific frequency. KW - agitating KW - dispersion KW - dynamic mixing KW - reverse mixing KW - rotational direction change KW - stirring Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2024.05.004 VL - 206 SP - 302 EP - 309 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Niemann, Anne A1 - Schanda, Ulrich T1 - Einfach Bauen und Schallschutz – ein Konflikt? BT - Untersuchung des Lärmempfindens von Bewohnern am Fallbeispiel der drei „Einfach Bauen“ – Forschungshäuser, Bad Aibling JF - Bauphysik N2 - In der Diskussion um bezahlbares Bauen werden aktuell die Standards im Wohnungsbau hinterfragt, darunter auch die Schallschutzanforderungen. Die Wahrnehmung von Schallschutz ist subjektiv und wird von verschiedenen Faktoren wie Alter und individuellen Empfindlichkeiten beeinflusst. Nachbarschaftslärm kann zu Schlafstörungen und Belästigungen führen, während Verkehrslärm nachweislich Gesundheitsprobleme verursacht. Das Konzept „Einfach Bauen“ zielt darauf ab, das Bauen zu vereinfachen und nachhaltiger zu gestalten. Drei Forschungshäuser, die diesem Konzept folgen, wurden auf Schallschutz überprüft. Dabei erfüllten Wohnungstrennwände und -decken die Anforderungen. Die Untersuchung der Bewohnerzufriedenheit durch Befragungen in diesen Häusern zeigt, dass die Wahrnehmung von Lärm stark variiert. Die Zufriedenheit wird durch die Kommunikation mit den Nachbarn beeinflusst. Das Fallbeispiel verdeutlicht, dass Schallschutzanforderungen oft nicht den individuellen Lärmempfinden gerecht werden, da nicht-akustische Faktoren eine starke Rolle spielen. Die Erwartung eines reduzierten Schallschutzes bei „Einfach Bauen“ kann zu Fehlvorstellungen führen, wie der Auszug von Bewohnern aus Schallschutzgründen zeigt. Die derzeitigen Mindestanforderungen an den Schallschutz erweisen sich für sehr empfindsame Menschen als unzureichend. Es ist wichtig, dass die Bewohner über den zu erwartenden Schallschutz informiert werden, um ein harmonisches Zusammenleben zu ermöglichen. KW - Einfach Bauen KW - Forschungshäuser KW - Luftschalldämmung KW - Trittschalldämmung KW - Lärmempfinden Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/bapi.202400011 VL - 46 IS - 2 SP - 84 EP - 94 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fischer, Markus A1 - Michalk, Wibke A1 - Hardt, Cornelius A1 - Bogenberger, Klaus T1 - Bill It Right: Evaluating Public Charging Station Usage Behavior under the Presence of Different Pricing Policies JF - World Electric Vehicle Journal N2 - This study investigates for the first time how public charging infrastructure usage differs under the presence of diverse pricing models. About 3 million charging events from different European countries were classified according to five different pricing models (cost-free, flat-rate, time-based, energy-based, and mixed) and evaluated using various performance indicators such as connection duration; transferred energy volumes; average power; achievable revenue; and the share of charging and idle time for AC, DC, and HPC charging infrastructure. The study results show that the performance indicators differed for the classified pricing models. In addition to the quantitative comparison of the performance indicators, a Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance and a pairwise comparison using the Mann–Whitney-U test were used to show that the data distributions of the defined pricing models were statistically significantly different. The results are discussed from various perspectives on the efficient design of public charging infrastructure. The results show that time-based pricing models can improve the availability of public charging infrastructure, as the connection duration per charging event can be roughly halved compared to other pricing models. Flat-rate pricing models and AC charging infrastructure can support the temporal shift of charging events, such as shifting demand peaks, as charging events usually have several hours of idle time per charging process. By quantifying various performance indicators for different charging technologies and pricing models, the study is relevant for stakeholders involved in the development and operation of public charging infrastructure. KW - charging tariffs KW - electric vehicles KW - pricing mechanisms KW - pricing models KW - pricing of PEV charging KW - pricing policy KW - usage behavior of charging infrastructure Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15040175 VL - 15 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmiedt, Anja Bettina A1 - Weiß, Christian T1 - The pair correlation function of multi-dimensional low-discrepancy sequences with small stochastic error terms JF - Journal of Number Theory N2 - In any dimension d≥2, there is no known example of a low-discrepancy sequence which possesses Poisssonian pair correlations. This is in some sense rather surprising, because low-discrepancy sequences always have β-Poissonian pair correlations for all 0<β<1/d and are therefore arbitrarily close to having Poissonian pair correlations (which corresponds to the case β=1/d). In this paper, we further elaborate on the closeness of the two notions. We show that d-dimensional Kronecker sequences for badly approximable vectors α→ with an arbitrary small uniformly distributed stochastic error term generically have β=1/d-Poissonian pair correlations. KW - Kronecker sequences KW - Poissonian pair correlations KW - Uniform distribution Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnt.2023.12.011 VL - 259 SP - 422 EP - 437 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aslan, Alp A1 - Kubik, Veit T1 - Buildup and Release from Proactive Interference: The Forward Testing Effect in Children’s Spatial Memory JF - Journal of Experimental Child Psychology N2 - Previous work has indicated that testing can enhance memory for subsequently studied new information by reducing proactive interference from previously studied information. Here, we examined this forward testing effect in children’s spatial memory. Kindergartners (5–6 years) and younger (7–8 years) and older (9–10 years) elementary school children studied four successively presented 3 x 3 arrays, each composed of the same 9 objects. The children were asked to memorize the locations of the objects that differed across the four arrays. Following presentation of each of the first three arrays, memory for the object locations of the respective array was tested (testing condition) or the array was re-presented for additional study (restudy condition). Results revealed that testing Arrays 1 to 3 enhanced children’s object location memory for Array 4 relative to restudying. Moreover, children in the testing condition were less likely to confuse Array 4 locations with previous locations, suggesting that testing reduces the buildup of proactive interference. Both effects were found regardless of age. Thus, the current findings indicate that testing is an effective means to resolve proactive interference and, in this way, to enhance children’s learning and remembering of spatial information even before the time of school entry. KW - Cognitive development KW - Forward testing effect KW - Spatial memory KW - Test-enhanced learning in children KW - Proactive interference Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105838 VL - 240 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cardon, Peter A1 - Fleischmann, Carolin A1 - Logemann, Minna A1 - Heidewald, Jeanette A1 - Aritz, Jolanta A1 - Swartz, Stephanie T1 - Competencies Needed by Business Professionals in the AI Age: Character and Communication Lead the Way JF - Business and Professional Communication Quarterly N2 - Many experts project generative AI will impact the types of competencies that are valued among working professionals. This is the first known academic study to explore the views of business practitioners about the impacts of generative AI on skill sets. This survey of 692 business practitioners showed that business practitioners widely use generative AI, with the most common uses involving research and ideation, drafting of business messages and reports, and summarizing and revising text. Business practitioners report that character-based traits such as integrity and soft skills will become more important. Implications for teaching business communication are discussed. KW - AI-mediated communication KW - artificial intelligence KW - business education KW - generative AI KW - soft skills Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/23294906231208166 VL - 87 IS - 2 SP - 223 EP - 246 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmiedt, Anja Bettina A1 - Cramer, Erhard T1 - Generalized Ng–Kundu–Chan model of adaptive progressive Type-II censoring and related inference JF - Naval Research Logistics (NRL) N2 - The model of adaptive progressive Type-II censoring introduced by Ng et al. (2009) (referred to as Ng–Kundu–Chan model) is extended to allow switching from a given initial censoring plan to any arbitrary given plan of the same length. In this generalized model, the joint distribution of the failure times and the corresponding likelihood function is derived. It is illustrated that the computation of maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimates are along the same lines as for standard progressive Type-II censoring. However, the distributional properties of the estimators will usually be different since the censoring plan actually applied in the (generalized) Ng–Kundu–Chan model is random. As already mentioned in Cramer and Iliopoulos (2010), we directly show that the normalized spacings are independent and identically exponentially distributed. However, it turns out that the spacings themselves are generally dependent with mixtures of exponential distributions as marginals. These results are used to study linear estimators. Finally, we propose an algorithm for generating random numbers in the generalized Ng–Kundu–Chan model and present some simulation results. The results obtained also provide new findings in the original Ng–Kundu–Chan model; the corresponding implications are highlighted. KW - adaptive progressive censoring KW - exponential distribution KW - likelihood inference KW - linear inference KW - Ng–Kundu–Chan model KW - progressive Type-II censoring KW - spacings Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/nav.22152 VL - 71 IS - 3 SP - 389 EP - 415 ER -