@incollection{YeapWongSchmidt2008, author = {Yeap, W.K. and Wong, C.K. and Schmidt, Jochen}, title = {Using a Mobile Robot to Test a Theory of Cognitive Mapping.}, series = {Robotics and Cognitive Approaches to Spatial Mapping, Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics}, booktitle = {Robotics and Cognitive Approaches to Spatial Mapping, Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, publisher = {Technische Hochschule Rosenheim}, year = {2008}, abstract = {This paper describes using a mobile robot, equipped with some sonar sensors and an odometer, to test navigation through the use of a cognitive map. The robot explores an office environment, computes a cognitive map, which is a network of ASRs [36, 35], and attempts to find its way home. Ten trials were conducted and the robot found its way home each time. From four random positions in two trials, the robot estimated the home position relative to its current position reasonably accurately. Our robot does not solve the simultaneous localization and mapping problem and the map computed is fuzzy and inaccurate with much of the details missing. In each homeward journey, it computes a new cognitive map of the same part of the environment, as seen from the perspective of the homeward journey. We show how the robot uses distance information from both maps to find its way home.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ZengerSchmidtKroedel2013, author = {Zenger, A. and Schmidt, Jochen and Kr{\"o}del, M.}, title = {Towards the Intelligent Home: Using Reinforcement-Learning for Optimal Heating Control}, series = {Advances in Artificial Intelligence, Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference on AI, volume 8077 of Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence}, booktitle = {Advances in Artificial Intelligence, Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference on AI, volume 8077 of Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence}, publisher = {Springer}, year = {2013}, abstract = {We propose a reinforcement learning approach to heating control in home automation, that can acquire a set of rules enabling an agent to heat a room to the desired temperature at a defined time while conserving as much energy as possible. Experimental results are presented that show the feasibility of our method.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{YeapWongSchmidt2006, author = {Yeap, W.K. and Wong, C.K. and Schmidt, Jochen}, title = {Initial Experiments with a Mobile Robot on Cognitive Mapping}, series = {International Symposium on Practical Cognitive Agents and Robots (PCAR 2006), pages 221-230, Perth, Australia}, booktitle = {International Symposium on Practical Cognitive Agents and Robots (PCAR 2006), pages 221-230, Perth, Australia}, year = {2006}, abstract = {This paper shows how a mobile robot equipped with sonar sensors and an odometer is used to test ideas about cognitive mapping. The robot first explores an office environment and computes a "cognitive map" which is a network of ASRs [1]. The robot generates two networks, one for the outward journey and the other for the journey home. It is shown that both networks are different. The two networks, however, are not merged to form a single network. Instead, the robot attempts to use distance information implicit in the shape of each ASR to find its way home. At random positions in the homeward journey, the robot calculates its orientation towards home. The robot's performances for both problems are evaluated and found to be surprisingly accurate.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WongYeapSchmidt2007, author = {Wong, C.K. and Yeap, W.K. and Schmidt, Jochen}, title = {Using a Mobile Robot for Cognitive Mapping}, series = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), pages 2243-2248, Hyderabad, India, 2007}, booktitle = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), pages 2243-2248, Hyderabad, India, 2007}, year = {2007}, abstract = {When animals (including humans) first explore a new environment, what they remember is fragmentary knowledge about the places visited. Yet, they have to use such fragmentary knowledge to find their way home. Humans naturally use more powerful heuristics while lower animals have shown to developa varietyof methodsthat tend to utilize two key pieces of information,namely distance and orientation information. Their methods differ depending on how they sense their environment. Could a mobile robot be used to investigate the nature of such a process, commonly referred to in the psychological literature as cognitive mapping? What might be computed in the initial explorations and how is the resulting "cognitive map" be used to return home? In this paper, we presented a novel approach using a mobile robot to do cognitive mapping. Our robot computes a "cognitive map" and uses distance and orientation information to find its way home. The process developed provides interesting insights into the nature of cognitive mapping and encourages us to use a mobile robot to do cognitive mapping in the future, as opposed to its popular use in robot mapping.}, language = {en} } @article{WenningerStecherSchmidt2019, author = {Wenninger, Marc and Stecher, Dominik and Schmidt, Jochen}, title = {SVM-Based Segmentation of Home Appliance Energy Measurements}, series = {Proceedings 8th IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications -ICMLA 2019}, journal = {Proceedings 8th IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications -ICMLA 2019}, pages = {1666 -- 1670}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Generating a more detailed understanding of domestic electricity demand is a major topic for energy suppliers and householders in times of climate change. Over the years there have been many studies on consumption feedback systems to inform householders, disaggregation algorithms for Non-Intrusive-Load-Monitoring (NILM), Real-Time-Pricing (RTP) to promote supply aware behavior through monetary incentives and appliance usage prediction algorithms. While these studies are vital steps towards energy awareness, one of the most fundamental challenges has not yet been tackled: Automated detection of start and stop of usage cycles of household appliances. We argue that most research efforts in this area will benefit from a reliable segmentation method to provide accurate usage information. We propose a SVM-based segmentation method for home appliances such as dishwashers and washing machines. The method is evaluated using manually annotated electricity measurements of five different appliances recorded over two years in multiple households.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GoellerWenningerSchmidt2018, author = {Goeller, Toni and Wenninger, Marc and Schmidt, Jochen}, title = {Towards Cost-Effective Utility Business Models - Selecting a Communication Architecture for the Rollout of New Smart Energy Services}, series = {Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems - Volume 1: SMARTGREENS}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems - Volume 1: SMARTGREENS}, publisher = {SciTePress}, isbn = {978-989-758-292-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:861-opus4-8332}, pages = {231 -- 237}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The IT architecture for meter reading and utility services is at the core of new business models and has a decisive role as an enabler for resource efficiency measures. The communication architecture used by those services has significant impact on cost, flexibility and speed of new service rollout. This article describes how the dominant system model for meter reading came about, what alternative models exist, and what trade-offs those models have for rollout of new services by different stakeholders. Control of a self learning home automation system by dynamic tariff information (Real-Time-Pricing) is given as an application example.}, language = {en} } @article{WenningerMaierSchmidt2021, author = {Wenninger, Marc and Maier, Andreas and Schmidt, Jochen}, title = {DEDDIAG, a domestic electricity demand dataset of individual appliances in Germany}, series = {Scientific Data}, volume = {8}, journal = {Scientific Data}, number = {176}, pages = {15}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Real-world domestic electricity demand datasets are the key enabler for developing and evaluating machine learning algorithms that facilitate the analysis of demand attribution and usage behavior. Breaking down the electricity demand of domestic households is seen as the key technology for intelligent smart-grid management systems that seek an equilibrium of electricity supply and demand. For the purpose of comparable research, we publish DEDDIAG, a domestic electricity demand dataset of individual appliances in Germany. The dataset contains recordings of 15 homes over a period of up to 3.5 years, wherein total 50 appliances have been recorded at a frequency of 1 Hz. Recorded appliances are of significance for load-shifting purposes such as dishwashers, washing machines and refrigerators. One home also includes three-phase mains readings that can be used for disaggregation tasks. Additionally, DEDDIAG contains manual ground truth event annotations for 14 appliances, that provide precise start and stop timestamps. Such annotations have not been published for any long-term electricity dataset we are aware of.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WenningerSchmidtGoeller2017, author = {Wenninger, Marc and Schmidt, Jochen and Goeller, Toni}, title = {Appliance Usage Prediction for the Smart Home with an Application to Energy Demand Side Management - And Why Accuracy is not a Good Performance Metric for this Problem.}, series = {6th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems (SMARTGREENS)}, booktitle = {6th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems (SMARTGREENS)}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Shifting energy peak load is a subject that plays a huge role in the currently changing energy market, where renewable energy sources no longer produce the exact amount of energy demanded. Matching demand to supply requires behavior Changes on the customerside, which can be achieved by incentives suchas Real-Time-Pricing (RTP). Various studies show that such incentives cannot be utilized without a complexity reduction, e.g., by smart home automation systems that inform the customer about possible savings or automatically schedule appliances to off-peak load phases. We propose a probabilistic appliance usage prediction based on historical energy data that can be used to identify the times of day where an appliance will be used and therefore make load shift recommendations that suite the customer's usage profile. A huge issue is how to provide a valid performance evaluation for this particular problem. We will argue why the commonly used accuracy metric is not suitable, and suggest to use other metrics like the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) or F1-Score instead.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtWongYeap2007, author = {Schmidt, Jochen and Wong, C.K. and Yeap, W.K.}, title = {Localisation and Mapping with a Mobile Robot Using Sparse Range Data}, series = {Autonomous Robots and Agents, Studies in Computational Intelligence (SCI),}, journal = {Autonomous Robots and Agents, Studies in Computational Intelligence (SCI),}, publisher = {Springer}, year = {2007}, abstract = {We present an approach for indoor mapping and localisation using sparse range data, acquired by a mobile robot equipped with sonar sensors. The chapter consists of two main parts. First, a split and merge based method for dividing a given metric map into distinct regions is presented, thus creating a topological map in a metric framework. Spatial information extracted from this map is then used for self-localisation on the return home journey. The robot computes local confidence maps for two simple localisation strategies based on distance and relative orientation of regions. These local maps are then fused to produce overall confidence maps.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SchmidtWongYeap2007, author = {Schmidt, Jochen and Wong, C.K. and Yeap, W.K.}, title = {Spatial Information Extraction for Cognitive Mapping with a Mobile Robot.}, series = {Conference on Spatial Information Theory: COSIT'07, Melbourne, Australia. Volume 4736 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, booktitle = {Conference on Spatial Information Theory: COSIT'07, Melbourne, Australia. Volume 4736 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, year = {2007}, abstract = {When animals (including humans) first explore a new environment, what they remember is fragmentary knowledge about the places visited. Yet, they have to use such fragmentary knowledge to find their way home. Humans naturally use more powerful heuristics while lower animals have shown to develop a variety of methods that tend to utilize two key pieces of information, namely distance and orientation information. Their methods differ depending on how they sense their environment. Could a mobile robot be used to investigate the nature of such a process, commonly referred to in the psychological literature as cognitive mapping? What might be computed in the initial explorations and how is the resulting "cognitive map" be used for localization? In this paper, we present an approach using a mobile robot to generate a "cognitive map", the main focus being on experiments conducted in large spaces that the robot cannot apprehend at once due to the very limited range of its sensors. The robot computes a "cognitive map" and uses distance and orientation information for localization.}, language = {en} }