@article{LeiterWohlschlaegerVersenetal.2025, author = {Leiter, Nina and Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Versen, Martin and Harter, Sonja D. and Kießlich, Tina and Lederer, Franziska and Clauß, Stefanie and Schlosser, Dietmar and Armanu, Emanuel Gheorghita and Eberlein, Christian and Heipieper, Hermann J. and L{\"o}der, Martin G. J. and Laforsch, Christian}, title = {Effects of defined organic layers on the fluorescence lifetime of plastic materials}, series = {Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry}, volume = {417}, journal = {Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry}, number = {16}, doi = {10.1007/s00216-025-05888-y}, pages = {3651 -- 3663}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Plastics have become an integral part of modern life, and linked to that fact, the demand for and global production of plastics are still increasing. However, the environmental pollution caused by plastics has reached unprecedented levels. The accumulation of small plastic fragments—microplastics and nanoplastics—potentially threatens organisms, ecosystems, and human health. Researchers commonly employ non-destructive analytical methods to assess the presence and characteristics of microplastic particles in environmental samples. However, these techniques require extensive sample preparation, which represents a significant limitation and hinders a direct on-site analysis. In this context, previous investigations showed the potential of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) for fast and reliable identification of microplastics in an environmental matrix. However, since microplastics receive an environmental coating after entering nature, a challenge arises from organic contamination on the surface of microplastic particles. How this influences the fluorescence signal and the possibility of microplastic detection are unknown. To address this research gap, we exposed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic samples to peptides, proteins, bacteria, and a filamentous fungus to induce organic contamination and mimic environmental conditions. We analyzed the fluorescence spectra and lifetimes of the samples using fluorescence spectroscopy and frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FD-FLIM), respectively. Our results demonstrate that reliably identifying and differentiating ABS and PET was possible via FD-FLIM, even in the presence of these biological contaminations. These findings highlight the potential of this technique as a valuable tool for environmental monitoring and plastic characterization, offering a rapid and efficient alternative to currently used analytical methods.}, language = {en} } @misc{LeiterHeitzmannVersenetal.2025, author = {Leiter, Nina and Heitzmann, Sebastian and Versen, Martin and Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and L{\"o}der, Martin G.J. and Laforsch, Christian}, title = {Identification of Microplastic Contamination in Food using FD-FLIM}, series = {2025 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)}, journal = {2025 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/SAS65169.2025.11105138}, pages = {1 -- 5}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Microplastics have emerged as a significant environmental concern, particularly due to their potential impact on food safety and human health. This study uses frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy to investigate the presence and effects of microplastics in four food types—ham, honey, fish, and lettuce. Samples were prepared with known quantities of high-density polyethylene particles, and their phase-dependent fluorescence lifetimes were analyzed to distinguish between contaminated and uncontaminated food. The results indicate that fluorescence lifetime analysis can effectively identify microplastic contamination, revealing distinct fluorescence characteristics for each food matrix. This research underscores the importance of innovative detection methods in ensuring food safety, highlighting the need for further studies on automated microplastic detection.}, language = {en} } @techreport{BarthBeneckenBetzetal.2016, author = {Barth, Simon and Benecken, Gerd and Betz, Andreas and Binninger, Karsten and Graule, Verena and Hack, Andreas and Haegele, Rainer and Hartmann, Markus and Hauck-Bauer, Eva and Haut, Sandra and J{\"a}ger, Johannes and Kagerl, Andreas and Karlinger, Peter and Konle, Elke and K{\"o}ster, Heinrich and Krause, Harald and Krommes, Sandra and Meissner, Thomas and Michanickl, Andreas and Sandor, Viktor and Schanda, Ulrich and Schemme, Michael and Sebald, Daniela and Spindler, Uli and Stauss, Kilian and Strobl, Thomas and Sussmann, Monika and Versen, Martin and Voit, Johann and Wambsganß, Mathias and Wellisch, Ulrich and Zauner, Johannes}, title = {Forschungsbericht 2015}, organization = {Hochschule Rosenheim}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:861-opus4-12304}, pages = {76}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Mit dem j{\"a}hrlich erscheinenden Forschungsbericht m{\"o}chte die Hochschule Rosenheim einen Einblick in ihre vielf{\"a}ltigen Projekte und Aktivit{\"a}ten der angewandten Forschung und Entwicklung geben. Im Forschungsbericht 2015 wird {\"u}ber Vorhaben im Jahr 2015 berichtet.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{WohlschlaegerVersen2019, author = {Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Versen, Martin}, title = {Bestimmung einer Quanteneffizienz f{\"u}r das automatisierte Sortieren von Kunststoffen durch Fluoreszenz}, series = {AALE 2019 - Autonome und intelligente Systeme in der Automatisierungstechnik 16. Fachkonferenz}, booktitle = {AALE 2019 - Autonome und intelligente Systeme in der Automatisierungstechnik 16. Fachkonferenz}, editor = {Bauer, Benedict and Wittenberg, Carsten}, publisher = {VDE Verlag}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-8007-4860-0}, pages = {179 -- 187}, year = {2019}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KneisslVersen2019, author = {Kneißl, M. and Versen, Martin}, title = {Erh{\"o}hung der Bandbreite eines Stromregelkreises durch Hadamard-Modulation}, series = {AALE 2019 - Autonome und intelligente Systeme in der Automatisierungstechnik 16. Fachkonferenz}, booktitle = {AALE 2019 - Autonome und intelligente Systeme in der Automatisierungstechnik 16. Fachkonferenz}, editor = {Bauer, Benedict and Wittenberg, Carsten}, publisher = {VDE Verlag}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-8007-4860-0}, pages = {277 -- 285}, year = {2019}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{WohlschlaegerVersen2019, author = {Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Versen, Martin}, title = {Detektion von Kunststoffen in Wasser mithilfe von Fluoreszenz}, series = {20. GMA/ITG-Fachtagung Sensoren und Messsysteme 2019}, booktitle = {20. GMA/ITG-Fachtagung Sensoren und Messsysteme 2019}, publisher = {AMA Service GmbH}, address = {Wunstorf}, isbn = {978-3-9819376-0-2}, pages = {687 -- 694}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Die wohl gr{\"o}ßte aktuelle Umweltverschmutzung mit Kunststoffen findet in Ozeanen, Seen und Fl{\"u}ssen statt. Bis jetzt gibt es kein etabliertes Verfahren, mit dem Kunststoffe in Umwelt- bzw. Wassermatrizen detektiert werden k{\"o}nnen. Deshalb wird mit einem Verfahren, welches auf dem Prinzip der Fluoreszenz basiert, untersucht, ob unter Laborbedingungen Kunststoffe in Wasser detektiert und identifiziert werden k{\"o}nnen. Anhand eines mathematischen Modells, einer Simulation und mit Hilfe von optischen Experimenten wird gezeigt, dass der Nachweis und auch eine Identifikation von Kunststoffen in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit der Wassertiefe, mit diesem Verfahren m{\"o}glich ist.}, language = {de} } @incollection{Versen2019, author = {Versen, Martin}, title = {DRAM Failure Analysis and Defect Localization Techniques}, series = {Microelectronics Failure Analysis, Desk Reference}, booktitle = {Microelectronics Failure Analysis, Desk Reference}, editor = {Gandhi, Tejinder}, edition = {Seventh Edition}, publisher = {ASM International}, address = {Ohio}, isbn = {978-1-62708-247-1}, publisher = {Technische Hochschule Rosenheim}, pages = {499 -- 505}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WohlschlaegerVersenHolstetal.2019, author = {Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Versen, Martin and Holst, Gerhard and Franke, Robert}, title = {An Approach of Identifying Polymers With Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging}, series = {2019 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Photonics (EExPolytech)}, booktitle = {2019 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Photonics (EExPolytech)}, pages = {186 -- 189}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Nowadays, fluorescence lifetime measurements and the method of fluorescence lifetime imaging are already state of the art in biomedical research. Also first investigations show that polymers could be identified due to their endogenous fluorescent lifetime. Thus an approach of identifying polymers with fluorescence lifetime imaging is done in this contribution. Therefore, four different polymers are examined and evaluated with statistical methods in order to determine their specific fluorescence lifetimes.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DahlbergVersen2019, author = {Dahlberg, B. and Versen, Martin}, title = {Loop transformation algorithm for test vector accessing at high speed}, series = {ISTFA 2019: Proceedings from the 45th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis}, booktitle = {ISTFA 2019: Proceedings from the 45th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis}, pages = {434 -- 439}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WohlschlaegerVersenLanghals2019, author = {Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Versen, Martin and Langhals, H.}, title = {A method for sorting of plastics with an apparatus specific quantum efficiency approach}, series = {2019 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)}, booktitle = {2019 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Today, the automatic separation of polymers from each other in an industrial scale is an unsolved problem. In laboratory environments, two methods are known whereby plastic is sorted either by color or by fluorescence decay time measurements that require fast synchronization and thus expensive equipment. A simple and pragmatic process is proposed to separate plastics from each other: all fluorescent photons are counted in relation to the absorbed photons. A theoretical model and an experimental setup are built in order to determine an apparatus specific quantum efficiency.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{VersenKipfelsberger2014, author = {Versen, Martin and Kipfelsberger, S.}, title = {Introduction to microcomputer technology with the MSP430 Launch Pad in remote labs}, series = {Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 2014 IEEE}, booktitle = {Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 2014 IEEE}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Texas Instruments' MSP430 Launch Pad is used as a key component for remote labs that complement an introduction course to microcomputer technology in the bachelor program Mechatronic at the University of Applied Sciences in Rosenheim. The remote labs use breakout boards and include a timer experiment with generation of pulse width modulation signals, I2C communication and analog to digital conversion.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{VersenBernhardtHeigletal.2012, author = {Versen, Martin and Bernhardt, and Heigl, M. and Viehhauser, P. and Zentgraf, P.}, title = {System for real-time data acquisition and processing on a hail-fighter aeroplane}, series = {Proceedings of the 5th European DSP Education and Research Conference}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th European DSP Education and Research Conference}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The System HAILsens implements a device for Real-Time sensor data processing, running on a Texas Instruments Concerto M3 core. An I2C interface is used for sensor communications. Ethernet with UDP on a custom developed three layered frame organisation of sensor data serves as a link to the main system on board of an aeroplane. For backing up the acquired data, all frames are locally stored on an SD Card. To have the possibility of easily checking the current system status, an LCD module and a push-button provide a minimal user interface.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Versen2011, author = {Versen, Martin}, title = {DRAM Failure Analysis and Defect Localization Techniques, Microelectronics Failure Analysis}, series = {Desk Reference Sixth Edition}, booktitle = {Desk Reference Sixth Edition}, publisher = {ASM International}, address = {Ohio}, publisher = {Technische Hochschule Rosenheim}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Comprehensive guide to the process and test methods used for electronic device failure analysis. Contains dozens of articles—contributed by industry experts—covering a wide range of topics involving the failure analysis of microelectronics. It places the most important and up-to-date information on this subject at your fingertips.  Topic coverage includes:  Failure Analysis Process Flow Failure Verification  Failure Modes and Failure Classification  Special Devices (MEMS, Optoelectronics, Passives)  Fault Localization Techniques: Package Level (NDT)  Die Level (Depackaging, Photon Emission, Microthermography, Laser-Based Methods, Particle Beam Methods)  Deprocessing \& Imaging Techniques: Deprocessing  General Imaging Techniques  Local Deprocessing \& Imaging  Circuit Edit and Design Modification  Material Analysis Techniques  Reference Information: Important Topics for Semiconductor Devices  Failure Analysis Techniques Roadmap  Failure Analysis Operations and Management  Appendices: Failure Analysis Terms, Definitions, and Acronyms  Industry Standards}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{VersenShankarEnimidisettyetal.2011, author = {Versen, Martin and Shankar, S. and Enimidisetty, S. and Bernhardt, A. and Srinivasan, B.}, title = {Setup for Locating PV-Cell Surface Defects Through ISC Measurements}, series = {Proceedings of the 37th ISTFA 2011}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 37th ISTFA 2011}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Versen2011, author = {Versen, Martin}, title = {Worst Case Test Conditions for Defect Localization in DRAM Devices}, series = {Microelectronics Seminar of the ISTFA 2011}, booktitle = {Microelectronics Seminar of the ISTFA 2011}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{VersenTreichlKalteneckeretal.2018, author = {Versen, Martin and Treichl, R. and Kaltenecker, M. and El Shahawy, H. and Thomas, T. T.}, title = {Differentielle LVDS Schnittstelle f{\"u}r modellbasierte Entw{\"u}rfe mit MathWorks HDL Coder}, series = {15. AALE Konferenz zu Cyberphysischen Produktionssystemen, 2018}, booktitle = {15. AALE Konferenz zu Cyberphysischen Produktionssystemen, 2018}, publisher = {VDE-Verlag}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-8007-4522-7}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @article{VersenErnstGulati2017, author = {Versen, Martin and Ernst, W. and Gulati, P.}, title = {A row hammer pattern analysis of DDR2 SDRAM}, series = {Microelectronics Reliability}, volume = {76-77}, journal = {Microelectronics Reliability}, pages = {64 -- 67}, year = {2017}, abstract = {A DDR2 SDRAM test setup implemented on the Griffin III ATE test system from HILEVEL Technologies is used to analyse the row hammer bug. Row hammer pattern experiments are compared to standard retention tests. The analysis confirms that the row hammer effect is caused by a charge excitation process depending on the number of stress activation cycles. The stress has to occur in the local neighborhood of the cells under test. Shallow impurity levels support the responsible charge carrier transport process in the used DDR2 SDRAM technology}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{VersenKipfelsbergerSoekmen2016, author = {Versen, Martin and Kipfelsberger, F. and Soekmen, F.}, title = {Model-Based Reference Design Projects with MathWorks' HDL Workflow Advisor for Custom-Specific Electronics with the Zedboard}, series = {ANALOG 2016; 15. ITG/GMM-Symposium, Bremen, Germany}, booktitle = {ANALOG 2016; 15. ITG/GMM-Symposium, Bremen, Germany}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Reference design projects are implemented to the Xilinx Zynq on the Zedboard which is extended by user defined electronic hardware connected through the Zedboard's FMC (FPGA Mezzanine Card) connector. The implementation method with HDL Workflow Advisor includes constraint definitions for modified reference design projects for use with digital input and outputs and Zynq's XADC (Analog-Digital converter) which is characterized and compared to its data sheet. The bandwidth of the Zynq's internal AXI (Advanced eXtensible Interface) bus connected to the Simulink host PC is determined.}, language = {en} } @article{VersenErnstGulatietal.2015, author = {Versen, Martin and Ernst, W. and Gulati, P. and Singh, G.}, title = {Test setup for reliability studies of DDR2 SDRAM}, series = {Microelectronics Reliability}, journal = {Microelectronics Reliability}, year = {2015}, abstract = {A DDR2 DRAM test setup is developed and implemented on the Griffin III ATE test system from HILEVEL Technologies. The test system provides a raw platform for performing various mixed signal and digital tests. In order to configure patterns easily in a vector format, a software platform is developed to manage test patterns according to the user's analysis needs. As examples, retention test patterns with disabled self-refresh are applied to 2 Gbit DDR2 SDRAM of two different DRAM vendors. The devices are characterized in respect to their intrinsic leakage and data retention behavior under the influence of stress conditions such as temperature or access algorithm. The tests are automated and test data is logged for an off-line data analysis. Data is recorded before and after solder simulation steps in order to observe a retention time degradation.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{VersenHayn2014, author = {Versen, Martin and Hayn, M.}, title = {Introduction to Verification and Test Using a 4-Bit Arithmetic Logic Unit Including a Failure Module in a Xilinx XC9572XL CPLD}, series = {Proceedings of the 40th ISTFA 2014}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 40th ISTFA 2014}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{VersenKipfelsbergerBernhardt2020, author = {Versen, Martin and Kipfelsberger, Stefan and Bernhardt, Andreas}, title = {Einf{\"u}hrung in die Aufbau- und Verbindungstechnik durch eine interaktive und praxisnahe Qualifizierung in der Leiterplattentechnik}, series = {Tagungsband 2. Symposium Elektronik und Systemintegration ESI 2020: "Intelligente Systeme und ihre Komponenten: Forschung und industrielle Anwendung"}, booktitle = {Tagungsband 2. Symposium Elektronik und Systemintegration ESI 2020: "Intelligente Systeme und ihre Komponenten: Forschung und industrielle Anwendung"}, address = {Landshut}, isbn = {978-3-9818439-4-1}, pages = {54 -- 62}, year = {2020}, abstract = {F{\"u}r eine Einf{\"u}hrung in die fertigungstechnischen Grundlagen der Aufbau- und Verbindungstechnik sind im Wahlfach „Leiterplattentechnik Praktikum" an der Technischen Hochschule (TH) Rosenheim Inhalte der Prozesstechnik und des Leiterplattendesigns miteinander kombiniert. Zu Beginn der Veranstaltung zeichnen die Praktikumsteilnehmer ein Layout f{\"u}r eine Leiterbahn-Teststruktur, welche anschließend im Haus gefertigt wird. Nach der Fertigung folgt eine elektrische und optische Charakterisierung zur Kontrolle der Prozessqualit{\"a}t. Die praxisnahe Erstellung eines einlagigen Layouts f{\"u}r eine LED-Taschenlampe auf Basis eines vorgegebenen Schaltplans und innerhalb einer begrenzten Platinenfl{\"a}che sowie dessen Fertigung bef{\"a}higen die Kursteilnehmer sp{\"a}ter, eigene Layouts f{\"u}r elektronische Schaltungen selbstst{\"a}ndig zu entwickeln. Die anspruchsvolle, teilautomatische Best{\"u}ckung einer zweilagigen, vorgegebenen SMT(Surface Mount Technology)-Leiterplatte, die ein FM-Radio mit Capacitive Touch-Steuerung bildet, rundet die erfolgreiche Qualifizierung in der Leiterplattentechnik ab.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{WohlschlaegerHolstVersen2020, author = {Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Holst, Gerhard and Versen, Martin}, title = {Automatische Erkennung von Kunststoffen durch bildgebende Fluoreszenzabklingzeitmessung}, series = {Tagungsband: AALE 2020 - Automatisierung und Mensch-Technik-Interaktion 17. Fachkonferenz}, booktitle = {Tagungsband: AALE 2020 - Automatisierung und Mensch-Technik-Interaktion 17. Fachkonferenz}, publisher = {VDE Verlag Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-8007-5180-8}, pages = {223 -- 231}, year = {2020}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HeitauerVersen2020, author = {Heitauer, Mathias and Versen, Martin}, title = {Co-Simulation eines zweistufigen Operationsverst{\"a}rkers mit MATLAB/Simulink und Cadence ADE}, series = {Tagungsband: AALE 2020 - Automatisierung und Mensch-Technik-Interaktion 17. Fachkonferenz}, booktitle = {Tagungsband: AALE 2020 - Automatisierung und Mensch-Technik-Interaktion 17. Fachkonferenz}, publisher = {VDE Verlag Berlin}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-8007-5180-8}, pages = {287 -- 291}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Ein zweistufiger Operationsverst{\"a}rker wird parallel in einer 180nm CMOS Technologie in der Entwicklungsumgebung von Cadence ADE und in MATLAB/Simulink in einem modellbasierten Ansatz entworfen und simuliert. F{\"u}r den Entwurf in MATLAB/Simulink wird das Kleinsignalersatzschaltbild der physikalischen Schaltung verwendet. Mit Hilfe der Co-Simulation zwischen Cadence und MATLAB/Simulink wird das Verhalten simuliert und ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse aus beiden Modellen stimmen {\"u}berein, wodurch festgestellt werden kann, dass die Co-Simulation erfolgreich war.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{WohlschlaegerHolstVersen2020, author = {Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Holst, G. and Versen, Martin}, title = {A novel approach to optically distinguish plastics based on fluorescence lifetime measurements}, series = {2020 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia}, booktitle = {2020 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia}, pages = {1 -- 6}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @article{WohlschlaegerVersen2020, author = {Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Versen, Martin}, title = {Detection of plastics in water based on their fluorescence behavior}, series = {Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems}, volume = {9}, journal = {Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems}, number = {2}, pages = {337 -- 343}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Plastic waste is one of the biggest growing factors contributing to environmental pollution. So far there has been no established method to detect and identify plastics in environmental matrices. Thus, a method based on their characteristic fluorescence behavior is used to investigate whether plastics can be detected and identified in tap water under laboratory conditions. The experiments show that the identification of plastics as a function of water depth is possible. As the identification becomes more difficult with higher water depths, investigations with a highly sensitive imaging method were carried out to obtain an areal integration of the fluorescent light and thus better results.}, language = {en} } @article{VersenErnst2020, author = {Versen, Martin and Ernst, W.}, title = {Row hammer avoidance analysis of DDR3 SDRAM}, series = {Microelectronics Reliability}, journal = {Microelectronics Reliability}, pages = {113744}, year = {2020}, abstract = {A DDR3 SDRAM test setup implemented on the Griffin III test system from HILEVEL Technologies is used to analyse the row hammer bug. Row hammer pattern experiments are compared to standard retention tests for different manufacturing technologies. The row hammer effect is depending on the number of stress activation cycles. The analysis is extended to an avoidance scheme with refreshes similar to the Target Row Refresh scheme for the DDR4 SDRAM technology.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LeiterWohlschlaegerAueretal.2021, author = {Leiter, Nina and Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Auer, Veronika and Versen, Martin and Laforsch, Christian}, title = {A Novel Approach to Identify Wood Species Optically using Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy}, series = {SMSI 2021 Conference - Sensor and Measurement Science International}, booktitle = {SMSI 2021 Conference - Sensor and Measurement Science International}, pages = {169 -- 170}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This contribution presents the results obtained with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM)within the optical identification and differentiation of the four wood species walnut, beech, spruce, and maple. The experimental setup as well as the evaluation algorithm, with which the experiments were carried out, is explained briefly.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SeehuberCraemerKipfelsbergeretal.2022, author = {Seehuber, S. and Cr{\"a}mer, P. and Kipfelsberger, S. and Versen, Martin}, title = {EtherCAT Gateway f{\"u}r eine Arduino basierte Luftqualit{\"a}ts-Messung zur Visualisierung an eine Beckhoff SPS}, series = {Tagungsband 3. Symposium Elektronik und Systemintegration ESI}, booktitle = {Tagungsband 3. Symposium Elektronik und Systemintegration ESI}, doi = {10.57688/366}, pages = {98 -- 106}, year = {2022}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{BernoeckerLeiterWohlschlaegeretal.2022, author = {Bern{\"o}cker, Anton and Leiter, Nina and Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Versen, Martin}, title = {Entwicklung eines neuronalen Netzwerks als Basis zur automatisierten Holzartenerkennung}, series = {Tagungsband AALE 2022, 18. AALE-Konferenz. Pforzheim, 09.03.-11.03.2022}, booktitle = {Tagungsband AALE 2022, 18. AALE-Konferenz. Pforzheim, 09.03.-11.03.2022}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.33968/2022.11}, pages = {115 -- 124}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Holz ist ein vielseitig einsetzbarer nachwachsender Rohstoff. Neben seinem wirtschaftlichen Nutzen ist er f{\"u}r den Erhalt des Klimas unersetzlich. Eine sortenreine Sortierung f{\"u}r die Weiterverarbeitung von Altholz spielt f{\"u}r einen ressourcenschonenden Umgang eine wichtige Rolle. Um das Potenzial eines neuronalen Netzwerks basierend auf Messdaten der bildgebenden Fluoreszenzabklingzeitmessung f{\"u}r die Altholzsortierung aufzuzeigen, wurden zwei unterschiedliche Klassifikationsans{\"a}tze auf Basis der Programmiersprache Python gew{\"a}hlt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die bildbasierte Klassifizierung der Holzart mit einer Genauigkeit von 47,36 \% noch ausbauf{\"a}hig ist. Eine datenbasierte Klassifizierung der Holzart mit einer Identifikationsgenauigkeit von 98,28 \% ist dagegen vielversprechend.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{LeiterWohlschlaegerAueretal.2021, author = {Leiter, Nina and Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Auer, Veronika and Versen, Martin and Laforsch, Christian}, title = {An algorithmic method to identify multiple wood species in a single image by their specific fluorescence lifetimes}, series = {OSA Imaging and Applied Optics Congress 2021 (3D, COSI, DH, ISA, pcAOP)}, booktitle = {OSA Imaging and Applied Optics Congress 2021 (3D, COSI, DH, ISA, pcAOP)}, doi = {10.1364/COSI.2021.CF2B.3}, pages = {CF2B.3}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) combined with an image processing algorithm is successfully used for the optical identification and areal separation of three wood species of maple, larch and nut in a single taken image.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WohlschlaegerHolstVersenetal.2021, author = {Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Holst, Gerhard and Versen, Martin and Laforsch, Christian}, title = {An optical method to differentiate wood from polymers using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy}, series = {OSA Optical Sensors and Sensing Congress 2021 (AIS, FTS, HISE, SENSORS, ES)}, booktitle = {OSA Optical Sensors and Sensing Congress 2021 (AIS, FTS, HISE, SENSORS, ES)}, doi = {10.1364/ES.2021.EW4G.6}, pages = {EW4G.6}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In this contribution investigations with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) are made to optically distinguish polymers and wood. The results show that the distinction and identification is possible in a graphical and calculative way.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WohlschlaegerVersenLaforsch2022, author = {Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Versen, Martin and Laforsch, Christian}, title = {Optical identification of car tire particles on soil using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy}, series = {Optical Sensors and Sensing Congress 2022 (AIS, LACSEA, Sensors, ES), Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 2022)}, booktitle = {Optical Sensors and Sensing Congress 2022 (AIS, LACSEA, Sensors, ES), Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 2022)}, doi = {10.1364/ES.2022.ETu3H.3}, pages = {ETu3H.3}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Tire wear is one of the major contributors of environmental pollution by microplastic. FD-FLIM in combination with an image processing algorithm are successfully applied to detect tyre wear on soil.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WohlschlaegerHolstVersen2020, author = {Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Holst, Gerhard and Versen, Martin}, title = {A novel approach to optically distinguish plastics based on fluorescence lifetime measurements}, series = {2020 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)}, booktitle = {2020 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)}, doi = {10.1109/SAS48726.2020.9220084}, pages = {1 -- 6}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In medical and biological research, fluorescence lifetime measurements and fluorescence lifetime imaging is already a part of the standardized analysis procedures. As first investigations have shown, polymers can be identified using fluorescence lifetime imaging and an evaluation algorithm. Thus, this contribution pursues a novel approach for the direct differentiation of four polymers with fluorescence lifetime imaging. Therefore, the evaluation algorithm is extended to compare several fluorescence lifetime images to prove that a distinction is possible.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WohlschlaegerVersenLaforsch2021, author = {Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Versen, Martin and Laforsch, Christian}, title = {Non-destructive evaluation of treated polyethylene terephthalate films by fluorescence lifetime imaging}, series = {2021 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)}, booktitle = {2021 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)}, doi = {10.1109/SAS51076.2021.9530008}, pages = {1 -- 5}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The fluorescence decay time allows to identify and distinguish polymers from each other. Three differently treated biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate films are examined with two excitation wavelengths of 445 and 488nm. The fluorescence decay time is dependent of the treatment method of the films and is a means for identification.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HoeltlKneisslVersen2021, author = {H{\"o}ltl, Stefan and Kneißl, Matthias and Versen, Martin}, title = {Parallel Delta-Sigma ADC modulation for performance increase of position sensors in industrial applications}, series = {2021 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)}, booktitle = {2021 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)}, doi = {10.1109/SAS51076.2021.9530099}, pages = {1 -- 5}, year = {2021}, abstract = {A parallel design concept of Delta-Sigma modulators that optimizes the resolution and the bandwidth for a highly dynamic position control in industrial applications. The idea is realized on a printed circuit board and tested by using a comprehensive measurement setup. The effective number of bits is increased by 2.5 bits at a fixed frequency. For a constant resolution, the design approach allows smaller filter lengths and a decrease of the delay by 25\%.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LeiterWohlschlaegerVersen2022, author = {Leiter, Nina and Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Versen, Martin}, title = {Frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging as method to analyze wood structures}, series = {2022 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)}, booktitle = {2022 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)}, pages = {1 -- 2}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WohlschlaegerVersenLaforsch2022, author = {Wohlschlaeger, Maximilian and Versen, Martin and Laforsch, Christian}, title = {A novel approach to optically detect microplastic in an environmental matrix with Rapid-FLIM}, series = {Sensors and Measuring Systems; 21th ITG/GMA-Symposium}, booktitle = {Sensors and Measuring Systems; 21th ITG/GMA-Symposium}, pages = {1 -- 6}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LeiterWohlschlaegerVersenetal.2022, author = {Leiter, Nina and Wohlschlaeger, Maximilian and Versen, Martin and Laforsch, Christian}, title = {Non-destructive differentiation of treated and non-treated wood using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy}, series = {Sensors and Measuring Systems; 21th ITG/GMA-Symposium}, booktitle = {Sensors and Measuring Systems; 21th ITG/GMA-Symposium}, pages = {1 -- 6}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @article{LeiterWohlschlaegerVersenetal.2022, author = {Leiter, Nina and Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Versen, Martin and Laforsch, Christian}, title = {An algorithmic method for the identification of wood species and the classification of post-consumer wood using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy}, series = {Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems}, volume = {11}, journal = {Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems}, number = {1}, doi = {10.5194/jsss-11-129-2022}, pages = {129 -- 136}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In this contribution the frequency domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FD-FLIM) technique is evaluated for post-consumer wood sorting. The fluorescence characteristics of several wood samples were determined, whereby two excitation wavelengths (405 and 488 nm) were used. The measured data were processed using algorithmic methods to identify the wood species and post-consumer wood category. With the excitation wavelength of 405 nm, 16 out of 19 samples could be correctly assigned to the corresponding post-consumer wood category by means of the fluorescence lifetimes. Thus, the experimental results revealed the high potential of the FD-FLIM technique for automated post-consumer wood sorting.}, language = {en} } @article{HeitauerVersen2021, author = {Heitauer, Mathias and Versen, Martin}, title = {Evaluation of a Co-Simulation Approach for Functional Verification of Analog and Mixed Signal Devices}, series = {EDFA Technical Articles}, volume = {23}, journal = {EDFA Technical Articles}, number = {3}, doi = {10.31399/asm.edfa.2021-3.p008}, pages = {8 -- 12}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This article presents an automation workflow for the development of analog and mixed-signal devices similar to the two-stage process used for the design and verification of logic ICs. The use of a co-simulation interface makes it possible to build and verify failure models.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WohlschlaegerVersenLaforsch2022, author = {Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Versen, Martin and Laforsch, Christian}, title = {Investigation of the Impact of CaCO3 Concentrations on the Fluorescence Lifetime of Polypropylene}, series = {2022 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)}, booktitle = {2022 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)}, pages = {1 -- 2}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The impact of fillers on the fluorescence lifetime of polymers is still unknown. Investigating polypropylene containing different CaCO 3 concentrations using FD-FLIM show an exponential increase in fluorescence lifetime proportional to the CaCO 3 density in polypropylene.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LeiterWohlschlaegerVersen2022, author = {Leiter, Nina and Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Versen, Martin}, title = {Frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging as method to analyze wood structures}, series = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics}, booktitle = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics}, organization = {Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 2022)}, doi = {10.1364/CLEO_AT.2022.JW3A.19}, pages = {JW3A.19}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The analysis of wood structures using FD-FLIM seems promising for the identification of wood at 488 nm, as lignin has a high impact on the fluorescence lifetime.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ManiyattuGeegyLeiteretal.2022, author = {Maniyattu, Georgekutty Jose and Geegy, Eldho and Leiter, Nina and Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Versen, Martin and Laforsch, Christian}, title = {Development of a neural network to identify plastics using Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy}, series = {2022 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)}, booktitle = {2022 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)}, doi = {10.1109/SAS54819.2022.9881372}, pages = {1 -- 6}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Plastics have become a major part of human's daily life. An uncontrolled usage of plastic leads to an accumulation in the environment posing a threat to flora and fauna, if not recycled correctly. The correct sorting and recycling of the most commonly available plastic types and an identification of plastic in the environment are important. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy shows a high potential in sorting and identifying plastic types. A data-based and an image-based classification are investigated using python programming language to demonstrate the potential of a neural network based on fluorescence lifetime images to identify plastic types. The results indicate that the data-based classification has a higher identification accuracy compared to the image-based classification.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BernoeckerLeiterWohlschlaegeretal.2022, author = {Bern{\"o}cker, Anton and Leiter, Nina and Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Versen, Martin}, title = {Entwicklung eines neuronalen Netzwerks als Basis zur automatisierten Holzartenerkennung}, series = {18. AALE-Konferenz. Pforzheim, 09.03.-11.03.2022}, booktitle = {18. AALE-Konferenz. Pforzheim, 09.03.-11.03.2022}, organization = {Hochschule f{\"u}r Technik, Wirtschaft und Kultur Leipzig}, doi = {10.33968/2022.11}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Holz ist ein vielseitig einsetzbarer nachwachsender Rohstoff. Neben seinem wirtschaftlichen Nutzen ist er f{\"u}r den Erhalt des Klimas unersetzlich. Eine sortenreine Sortierung f{\"u}r die Weiterverarbeitung von Altholz spielt f{\"u}r einen ressourcenschonenden Umgang eine wichtige Rolle. Um das Potenzial eines neuronalen Netzwerks basierend auf Messdaten der bildgebenden Fluoreszenzabklingzeitmessung f{\"u}r die Altholzsortierung aufzuzeigen, wurden zwei unterschiedliche Klassifikationsans{\"a}tze auf Basis der Programmiersprache Python gew{\"a}hlt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die bildbasierte Klassifizierung der Holzart mit einer Genauigkeit von 47,36 \% noch ausbauf{\"a}hig ist. Eine datenbasierte Klassifizierung der Holzart mit einer Identifikationsgenauigkeit von 98,28 \% ist dagegen vielversprechend.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{WohlschlaegerVersenLaforsch2022, author = {Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Versen, Martin and Laforsch, Christian}, title = {Investigation of the Impact of CaCO3 Concentrations on the Fluorescence Lifetime of Polypropylene}, series = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics}, booktitle = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics}, organization = {Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 2022)}, doi = {10.1364/CLEO_AT.2022.AM2M.2}, pages = {AM2M.2}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The impact of fillers on the fluorescence lifetime of polymers is still unknown. Investigating polypropylene containing different CaCO3 concentrations using FD-FLIM show an exponential increase in fluorescence lifetime proportional to the CaCO3 density in polypropylene.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WohlschlaegerHolstVersenetal.2021, author = {Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Holst, Gerhard and Versen, Martin and Laforsch, Christian}, title = {An optical method to differentiate wood from polymers using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy}, series = {OSA Optical Sensors and Sensing Congress 2021 (AIS, FTS, HISE, SENSORS, ES) (2021), paper EW4G.6}, booktitle = {OSA Optical Sensors and Sensing Congress 2021 (AIS, FTS, HISE, SENSORS, ES) (2021), paper EW4G.6}, doi = {10.1364/ES.2021.EW4G.6}, pages = {EW4G.6}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In this contribution investigations with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) are made to optically distinguish polymers and wood. The results show that the distinction and identification is possible in a graphical and calculative way.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LeiterWohlschlaegerAueretal.2021, author = {Leiter, Nina and Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Auer, Veronika and Versen, Martin and Laforsch, Christian}, title = {An algorithmic method to identify multiple wood species in a single image by their specific fluorescence lifetimes}, series = {OSA Imaging and Applied Optics Congress 2021 (3D, COSI, DH, ISA, pcAOP) (2021), paper CF2B.3}, booktitle = {OSA Imaging and Applied Optics Congress 2021 (3D, COSI, DH, ISA, pcAOP) (2021), paper CF2B.3}, doi = {10.1364/COSI.2021.CF2B.3}, pages = {CF2B.3}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) combined with an image processing algorithm is successfully used for the optical identification and areal separation of three wood species of maple, larch and nut in a single taken image.}, language = {en} } @article{LeiterWohlschlaegerVersen2023, author = {Leiter, Nina and Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Versen, Martin}, title = {Analysis of the phase-dependent fluorescence decay time of treated wood using FD-FLIM}, series = {tm - Technisches Messen}, volume = {90}, journal = {tm - Technisches Messen}, number = {6}, doi = {10.1515/teme-2022-0114}, pages = {401 -- 406}, year = {2023}, abstract = {For sustainable handling of wood and high material utilization, post-consumer wood has to be sorted by post-consumer wood categories in Germany. The non-destructive FD-FLIM method could improve the wood recycling process by automatic classification of waste wood into post-consumer wood classes. Thus, the phase-dependent fluorescence decay time of treated wood is analysed in this study to obtain the impact of the treatment on the fluorescence decay time. It is shown that treated and untreated wood can be differentiated using the fluorescence decay time, although the state-of-the-art theoretical fluorescence decay time differs from the experimentally determined fluorescence decay time.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DietlmeierRajanLeiteretal.2023, author = {Dietlmeier, Maximilian and Rajan, Aromal Somarajan and Leiter, Nina and Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Versen, Martin}, title = {Klassifizierung von Altholz durch FD-FLIM Bilder mit neuronalen Netzen}, series = {Tagungsband AALE 2023}, booktitle = {Tagungsband AALE 2023}, doi = {10.33968/2023.24}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Holz ist eine der wichtigsten erneuerbaren Ressourcen und kann recycelt werden, wobei derzeit nur unbehandeltes Holz in mehreren Lebenszyklen verwendet werden kann. Allerdings werden in Altholzsortieranlagen meist behandeltes und unbehandeltes Altholz gemischt angeliefert und es gibt keine automatische Klassifizierung zur sortenreinen Sortierung. Fr{\"u}here Studien zeigen, dass behandelte und unbehandelte Holzproben mit Hilfe von bildgebender Fluoreszenzabklingzeit Mikroskopie unterschieden werden k{\"o}nnen. Um den Prozess der Klassifizierung von Altholz anhand von Fluoreszenzabklingzeitbildern zu automatisieren, werden zwei neuronale Netzwerke (NN) evaluiert. Das erste NN ist ein MLP (Multi Layer Perceptron), das das Altholz anhand von Erwartungswert und Standardabweichung eines Fluoreszenzabklingzeitbildes klassifiziert. Das zweite untersuchte NN ist ein CNN (Convolutional Neural Network), das das Holz direkt anhand der Fluoreszenzabklingzeitbilder klassifiziert. Beide Netzwerke sind in Python implementiert, um die sp{\"a}tere Verwendung in einem automatischen Klassifizierungs- und Sortierprozess zu erleichtern. Die Evaluation der NN zeigt vielversprechende Ergebnisse zur automatisierten Klassifikation von Altholz.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{BouwmanHoogenboomFuhrmannetal.2024, author = {Bouwman, Wim and Hoogenboom, Jacob and Fuhrmann, Tina A. and Gelbord, Todd and Hettich, Christian and Sum, J{\"u}rgen and J{\"o}dicke, Bernd and Kautz, Christian and Neff, Julia L. and Krocker, Georg and Oostinga, Jeroen B. and Ruhe, Tim and D{\"u}ser, David and Schneider, Andreas Karl Peter and Suhonen, Sami and Tiili, Juho and Versen, Martin and Kipfelsberger, Stefan and Wendlandt, Michael}, title = {Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Physics Teaching in Engineering Education PTEE 2024}, editor = {Sch{\"a}fle, Claudia and Stanzel, Silke and Junker, Elmar and Lux, Christine}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:861-opus4-24648}, pages = {110}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The Proceedings of the 12th PTEE conference 2024 in Rosenheim present 15 articles from a wide range of actual topics in physics teaching - from artificial intelligence, innovative teaching and examination methods, lab experiments, tutorials to thoughts on what would be desirable to know, when you start teaching (activating) physics.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ThomasSaleemLeiteretal.2023, author = {Thomas, Amal and Saleem, Shaif and Leiter, Nina and Dietlmeier, Maximilian and Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Versen, Martin and Laforsch, Christian}, title = {Development of a Neural Network for an Automated Differentiation of Plastics using Rapid-FLIM}, series = {Optica Sensing Congress 2023}, booktitle = {Optica Sensing Congress 2023}, doi = {10.1364/ES.2023.EW4E.5}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The fast classification and identification of plastics presents a significant challenge. The study assesses the suitability of a Multilayer Perceptron to classify and identify commonly found plastic types using Rapid-FLIM, achieving an accuracy of 88.33\%.}, language = {en} } @article{ManiyattuGeegyWohlschlaegeretal.2023, author = {Maniyattu, Georgekutty Jose and Geegy, Eldho and Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Leiter, Nina and Versen, Martin and Laforsch, Christian}, title = {Multilayer Perceptron Development to Identify Plastics Using Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy}, series = {EDFA Technical Articles}, volume = {25}, journal = {EDFA Technical Articles}, number = {3}, doi = {10.31399/asm.edfa.2023-3.p031}, pages = {31 -- 37}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Existing plastic analysis techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy are problematic because samples must be anhydrous and identification can be hindered by additives. This article describes a new approach that has been successfully demonstrated in which plastics can be classified by neural networks that are trained, validated, and tested by frequency domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy measurements.}, language = {en} }