@inproceedings{AppenzellerBartholomaeusBreitschwerdtetal.2021, author = {Appenzeller, Arno and Bartholom{\"a}us, Sebastian and Breitschwerdt, R{\"u}diger and Claussen, Carsten and Geisler, Sandra and Hartz, Tobias and Kachel, Philipp and Krempel, Erik and Robert, Sebastian and Ruth Zeissig, Sylke}, title = {Towards Distributed Healthcare Systems - Virtual Data Pooling Between Cancer Registries as Backbone of Care and Research}, series = {2021 IEEE/ACS 18th International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA)}, booktitle = {2021 IEEE/ACS 18th International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA)}, pages = {1 -- 8}, year = {2021}, abstract = {German cancer registries offer a systematic approach for the collection, storage, and management of data on patients with cancer and related diseases. Much hope in research and healthcare in general is depending on such register-based analyses in order to comprehensively consider the features of a highly diverse population. Next to the data collection the cancer registries are responsible for data protection. To fulfill legal regulations, access to data has to be controlled in a strict way leading to sometimes bureaucratic and slow processes. The situation is especially complicated in Germany, since cancer data is distributed over numerous federal cancer registries. If a nationwide data evaluation is conducted a research team has to negotiate a separate contract with each cancer registry.In a joint work in progress effort of cancer registries, technical, medical, and economical experts we propose a different solution for cooperative data processing. Our approach aims for combining data in a virtual pool based on the selection criteria of individual requests from researchers. To achieve our goal, we adapt the Fraunhofer Medical Data Space as enabling technology. The architecture we propose will allow us to pool data of multiple partners regulated by data access policies. In doing so, each of the data sources can introduce its own rules and specifications on how data is used. Additionally, we add a digital consent management that will allow individual patients to decide how their data is used. Finally, we show the high potential of the cooperative analysis of distributed cancer data supported by the proposed solution in our approach.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PhilippBeckerRobertetal.2019, author = {Philipp, Patrick and Becker, Silvia and Robert, Sebastian and Hempel, Dirk and Beyerer, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Modeling of Medical Treatment Processes for an Interactive Assistance Based on the Translation of UML Activities into PROforma}, series = {2019 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI)}, booktitle = {2019 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI)}, pages = {972 -- 976}, year = {2019}, abstract = {In modern medicine, Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) are well-established resources for the appropriate treatment of diseases. Evidence-based CPGs contain recommendations which are based on the state of the art and which have been achieved by consensus of several experts. Nevertheless, there is a potential for problems in translating guideline documents into specific actions for physicians. Therefore we propose to formalize the treatment process in an understandable representation as UML activities together with a domain expert. This formalization serves as a basis for the transfer of knowledge into a model, in this case PROforma, which directly allows execution in an interactive assistance software. The results of this work are part of an ongoing research project on the treatment of colon cancer based on the corresponding evidence-based CPG.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PhilippBommersheimRobertetal.2019, author = {Philipp, Patrick and Bommersheim, Marie and Robert, Sebastian and Beyerer, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Probabilistic Estimation of Human Interaction Needs in Context of a Robotic Assistance in Geriatrics}, series = {Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering}, booktitle = {Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering}, organization = {Proceedings of the 2019 Annual Meeting of the German Society of Biomedical Engineering}, pages = {433 -- 436}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The key purpose of assistance robots is to help people coping with work-related or everyday tasks. To ensure an intuitive and effective support by an assistance robot, its expectation conform behavior is essential. In particular, when using assistance robots in geriatrics to assist elderly patients, special attention to the human-robot interaction should be paid. In order to help elderly patients maintain their independence and abilities as much as possible, the robot should only intervene when its support is needed. Therefore, the continuous estimation of the patient's need for interaction is of particular importance. For enabling suitable models to estimate this need, we elaborate the use of Bayesian Networks. The analysis of our results seems promising, yielding a robust and practical approach.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MuchaJacobiRobert2019, author = {Mucha, Henrik and Jacobi, Ricarda and Robert, Sebastian}, title = {Partizipation und K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz}, series = {Mensch und Computer 2019 - Workshopband}, booktitle = {Mensch und Computer 2019 - Workshopband}, organization = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik e.V.}, pages = {19 -- 21}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Der Einsatz k{\"u}nstlicher Intelligenz (KI) wird unsere Lebenswirklichkeit nachhaltig beeinflussen. Mittels technischer Verfahren maschinellen Lernens oder tiefer neuronaler Netze k{\"o}nnen Modelle aus existierenden Datenbest{\"a}nden gelernt und Vorhersagen abgeleitet werden. Wir stellen skizzenartig zwei aktuelle Projekte vor, die sich u.a. mit den Potentialen und der menschzentrierten Gestaltung von Systemen k{\"u}nstlicher Intelligenz besch{\"a}ftigen. Wir betten dies schlaglichtartig in den Kontext der aktuellen Debatte {\"u}ber die Entwicklung und Gestaltung von KI Systemen ein. Im Zuge dessen umreißen wir Herausforderungen und Chancen f{\"u}r die partizipative und sozialverantwortliche Technologieentwicklung von komplexen und auf Verfahren der k{\"u}nstlichen Intelligenz basierenden Systemen. Schließlich fokussieren wir dabei auf die Arbeitsebene und beschreiben kurz, welche konkreten Aktivit{\"a}ten wir planen und stellen diese zur Diskussion.}, language = {de} } @article{HempelVelosodeOliveiraGaumannetal.2021, author = {Hempel, Louisa and Veloso de Oliveira, Julia and Gaumann, Andreas and Milani, Valeria and Schweneker, Katrin and Schenck, Kristina and Fleischmann, Bastian and Philipp, Patrick and Mederle, Stefanie and Garg, Arun and Piehler, Armin and Gandorfer, Beate and Schick, Cordula and Kleespies, Axel and Sellmann, Ludger and Bartels, Marius and Goetze, Thorsten O. and Stein, Alexander and Goekkurt, Eray and Pfitzner, Lucia and Robert, Sebastian and Hempel, Dirk}, title = {Landscape of Biomarkers and Actionable Gene Alterations in Adenocarcinoma of GEJ and Stomach - A Real World Data Analysis}, series = {Cancers}, volume = {13}, journal = {Cancers}, number = {17}, pages = {4453}, year = {2021}, abstract = {After several years of negative phase III trials in gastric and esophageal cancer, a significant breakthrough in the treatment of metastatic adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) and stomach (GC) is now becoming evident with the emerging of precision oncology and implementation of molecular targets in tumor treatment. In addition, new generation studies such as umbrella and basket trials are focused on these molecular targets, which makes an early molecular diagnosis based on IHC/ISH and NGS necessary. The required companion diagnostics of Her2neu overamplification or PD-L1 expression is based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) or additionally in situ hybridization (ISH) in case of an IHC Her2neu score of 2+. However, there are investigator-dependent differences in the assessment of Her2neu amplification and different PD-L1 scoring systems obtained by IHC/ISH. The use of high-throughput technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) holds the potential to standardize the analysis and thus make them more comparable. In the presented study, real-world multigene sequencing data of 72 Caucasian patients diagnosed with metastatic adenocarcinomas of GEJ and stomach were analyzed. In the clinical companion diagnostics, we found ESCAT level I molecular targets in one-third of our patients, which directly determined the therapy. In addition, we found potential targets in 14/72 patients (19.4\%) who potentially qualify for precision therapies in corresponding molecular studies. The study highlights the importance of comprehensive molecular profiling for precision treatment of GEJ/GC and indicates that a biomarker evaluation should be performed for all patients with metastatic adenocarcinomas before the initiation of first-line treatment and during second-line or subsequent treatment.}, language = {en} } @article{HempelMolnarGaumannetal.2021, author = {Hempel, Louisa and Molnar, Jakob and Gaumann, Andreas and Robert, Sebastian and Scheiber, Josef and Kleespies, Axel and Riedmann, Kristina and Schreiber, Susanne and Gandorfer, Beate and Piehler, Armin and Hempel, Dirk}, title = {Detection of acquired resistance mutation ALK G1202R after treatment with alectinib and response of lorlatinib}, series = {memo - Magazine of European Medical Oncology}, journal = {memo - Magazine of European Medical Oncology}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In the era of personalized medicine, the identification of driver mutations has paved the way towards targeted therapy. With the identification of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) as an oncogenic driver mutation, ALK rearrangements became druggable by tyrosine kinase inhibitors and, thus, have improved the prognosis for patients. Nevertheless, these approaches are limited by resistances occurring within the first or second year of administering ALK inhibitors. Among the different ALK resistant mutations, G1202R is the most common mutation, located in the kinase domain of the ALK protein resulting in resistance to treatment with the first- and second-generation kinase inhibitors (e.g., crizotinib, ceritinib, brigatenib and alectinib). Conflicting reports exist regarding the efficacy of lorlatinib, a next generation ALK inhibitor. The aim of this study is to access the potential impact of lorlatinib as a second-line treatment for a metastatic progressive NSCLC disease harboring genomic alteration of ALK G1202R, an AKLi-resistant mutation. The case of a patient with advanced lung cancer and the mentioned mutation is described.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MuchaRobertBreitschwerdtetal.2021, author = {Mucha, Henrik and Robert, Sebastian and Breitschwerdt, Ruediger and Fellmann, Michael}, title = {Interfaces for Explanations in Human-AI Interaction: Proposing a Design Evaluation Approach}, series = {Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA}, booktitle = {Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA}, pages = {327}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Explanations in Human-AI Interaction are communicated to human decision makers through interfaces. Yet, it is not clear what consequences the exact representation of such explanations as part of decision support systems (DSS) and working on machine learning (ML) models has on human decision making. We observe a need for research methods that allow for measuring the effect different eXplainable AI (XAI) interface designs have on people's decision making. In this paper, we argue for adopting research approaches from decision theory for HCI research on XAI interface design. We outline how we used estimation tasks in human-grounded design research in order to introduce a method and measurement for collecting evidence on XAI interface effects. To this end, we investigated representations of LIME explanations in an estimation task online study as proof-of-concept for our proposal.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MuchaMevissenRobertetal.2020, author = {Mucha, Henrik and Mevißen, Dennis and Robert, Sebastian and Jacobi, Ricarda and Meyer, Kirsten and Heusler, Winfried and Arztmann, Daniel}, title = {Co-Design Futures for AI and Space: A Workbook Sprint}, series = {Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA}, booktitle = {Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA}, pages = {1 -- 8}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Artificial Intelligence (AI) is continuously moving into our surroundings. In its various forms, it has the potential to disrupt most aspects of human life. Yet, the discourse around AI has long been by experts and for experts. In this paper, we argue for a participatory approach towards designing human-AI interactions. We outline how we used design methodology to organise an interdisciplinary workshop with a diverse group of students - a workbook sprint with 45 participants from four different programs and 13 countries - to develop speculative design futures in five focus areas. We then provide insights into our findings and share our lessons learned regarding our workshop topic - AI and Space - our process, and our research. We learned that involving non-experts in complex technical discourses - such as AI - through the structural rigour of design methodology is a viable approach. We then conclude by laying out how others might use our findings and initiate their own workbook sprint to explore complex technologies in a human-centred way.}, language = {en} } @article{HempelMolnarRobertetal.2021, author = {Hempel, Louisa and Molnar, Jakob and Robert, Sebastian and Veloso, Julia and Trepotec, Zeljka and Englisch, Sofie and Weinzierl, Philip and Schick, Cordula and Milani, Valeria and Schweneker, Katrin and Fleischmann, Bastian and Scheiber, Josef and Gandorfer, Beate and Kleespies, Axel and Hempel, Dirk and Riedmann, Kristina and Piehler, Armin}, title = {Rare SARS-CoV-2 antibody development in cancer patients}, series = {Seminars in Oncology}, volume = {48}, journal = {Seminars in Oncology}, number = {2}, pages = {160 -- 165}, year = {2021}, abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 antibody development and immunity will be crucial for the further course of the pandemic. Until now, it has been assumed that patients who are infected with SARS-CoV-2 will develop antibodies as has been the case with other coronaviruses, like MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV. In the present study, we analyzed the development of antibodies in 77 patients with an oncologic diagnosis 26 days after positive RT-qPCR testing for SARS-CoV2. RT-qPCR and anti-SARS-CoV2-antibody methods from BGI (MGIEasy Magnetic Beads Virus DNA/RNA Extraction Kit) and Roche (Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay) were used, respectively, according to the manufacturers' specifications. Surprisingly, antibody development was detected in only 6 of 77 individuals with a confirmed history of COVID-19. Despite multiple testing, the remaining patients did not show measurable antibody concentrations in subsequent tests. These results undermine the previous hypothesis that SARS-CoV2 infections are regularly associated with antibody development and cast doubt on the provided immunity to COVID-19. Understanding the adaptive and humoral response to SARS-CoV2 will play a key role in vaccine development and gaining further knowledge on the pathogenesis.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MuchaRobertBreitschwerdtetal.2020, author = {Mucha, Henrik and Robert, Sebastian and Breitschwerdt, R{\"u}diger and Fellmann, Michael}, title = {Towards Participatory Design Spaces for Explainable AI Interfaces in Expert Domains}, series = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings XI-ML 2020}, booktitle = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings XI-ML 2020}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In this position paper, we lay out an approach to use participatory and co-design methodology to explore how users perceive and interact with explanations of artificially intelligent decision support systems. We describe how we intend to construct bottom-up participatory design spaces to systematically inform the design of interactive explanations in Human-AI interaction.}, language = {en} }