@article{EhrmannProdingerStuckietal.2018, author = {Ehrmann, C. and Prodinger, Birgit and Stucki, G. and Cai, W. and Zhang, X. and Liu, S. and Liu, S. and Li, J. and Reinhardt, J. D.}, title = {ICF Generic Set as new standard for the system wide assessment of functioning in China: a multicentre prospective study on metric properties and responsiveness applying item response theory}, series = {BMJ Open}, volume = {8}, journal = {BMJ Open}, number = {12}, pages = {e021696}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Objectives: To examine metric properties and responsiveness of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Generic Set when used in routine clinical practice to assess functioning. Design: Prospective multicentre study. Setting: 50 hospitals from 20 provinces of Mainland China. Participants: 4510 adult inpatients admitted to the departments of Pulmonology, Cardiology, Neurology, Orthopaedics, Cerebral Surgery or Rehabilitation Medicine. Main outcome measures: The ICF Generic Set (ICF Generic 6 Set) applied with an 11-point numeric rating scale (0-no problem to 10-complete problem) was fit to the Partial Credit Model (PCM) to create an interval score of functioning. Results: PCM assumptions were found to be fulfilled after accounting for Differential Item Functioning. With an average improvement by 7.86 points of the metric ICF Generic 6 score (95\% CI 7.53 to 8.19), the ICF Generic 6 Set proved sensitive to change (Cohen's f2=0.41). Ceiling and floor effects on detecting change in functioning were cancelled or reduced by using the metric score. Conclusion: The ICF Generic 6 Set can be used for the assessment of functioning in routine clinical practice and an interval score can be derived which is sensitive to change.}, language = {en} } @article{LiuReinhardtZhangetal.2019, author = {Liu, S. and Reinhardt, J. D. and Zhang, X. and Ehrmann, C. and Cai, W. and Prodinger, Birgit and Liu, S. and Li, J.}, title = {System-wide Clinical Assessment of Functioning Based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in China: Interrater Reliability, Convergent, Known Group, and Predictive Validity of the ICF Generic-6}, series = {Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation}, volume = {100}, journal = {Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation}, number = {8}, pages = {1450 -- 1457}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Objective To validate the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Generic-6 in daily routine clinical practice in Mainland China. Specific objectives were to analyze (1) interrater reliability, (2) convergent validity, (3) known group validity, and (4) predictive validity of the ICF Generic-6. Design Multicenter prospective cohort study. Setting Fifty hospitals from 20 provinces of Mainland China. Participants A total of 4510 patients from departments of rehabilitation, orthopedics, neurology, cardiology, pneumology, and cerebral surgery of the participating hospitals with different health conditions were included in this study. Intervention Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures The assessment was undertaken by nurses with ICF Generic-6 in combination with a numeric rating scale. Interrater reliability was evaluated with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Convergent validity was evaluated with Spearman correlation coefficients between ICF Generic-6 and Medical Outcomes Short Form (SF)-12 items. Known group validity was examined by comparing discharge scores between different discharge destinations. Predictive validity was determined by using ICF Generic-6 baseline scores for estimating length of hospital stay with a loglogistic survival model with gamma shared frailty and cost of in-hospital treatment with a mixed effects generalized linear regression model of the gamma family. Results The interrater reliability of items and score of ICF Generic-6 was good with ICCs ranging from 0.67-0.87. ICF Generic-6 items were further correlated with respective SF-12 items. Discharge scores of patients differed significantly by discharge destination. The ICF Generic-6 admission score was a significant predictor of length of stay and treatment cost. Conclusions The ICF Generic-6 administered in combination with a 0-10 numeric rating scale is a reliable and valid tool for the collection of minimal information on functioning across various clinical settings.}, language = {en} } @article{HopfeProdingerBickenbachetal.2018, author = {Hopfe, M. and Prodinger, Birgit and Bickenbach, J. E. and Stucki, G.}, title = {Optimizing health systems response to patient's needs: An argument for the importance of functioning information}, series = {Disability and Rehabilitation}, volume = {40}, journal = {Disability and Rehabilitation}, number = {19}, pages = {2325 -- 2330}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Background: Current health systems are increasingly challenged to meet the needs of a growing number of patients living with chronic and often multiple health conditions. The primary outcome of care, it is argued, is not merely curing disease but also optimizing functioning over a person's life span. According to the World Health Organization, functioning can serve as foundation for a comprehensive picture of health and augment the biomedical perspective with a broader and more comprehensive picture of health as it plays out in people's lives. The crucial importance of information about patient's functioning for a well-performing health system, however, has yet to be sufficiently appreciated. Methods: This paper argues that functioning information is fundamental in all components of health systems and enhances the capacity of health systems to optimize patients' health and health-related needs. Results and conclusion: Beyond making sense of biomedical disease patterns, health systems can profit from using functioning information to improve interprofessional collaboration and achieve cross-cutting disease treatment outcomes. - Implications for rehabilitation - Functioning is a key health outcome for rehabilitation within health systems. - Information on restoring, maintaining, and optimizing human functioning can strengthen health system response to patients' health and rehabilitative needs. - Functioning information guides health systems to achieve cross-cutting health outcomes that respond to the needs of the growing number of individuals living with chronic and multiple health conditions. - Accounting for individuals functioning helps to overcome fragmentation of care and to improve interprofessional collaboration across settings}, language = {en} } @article{MaritzBaptisteDarzinsetal.2018, author = {Maritz, R. and Baptiste, S. and Darzins, S. W. and Magasi, S. and Weleschuk, C. and Prodinger, Birgit}, title = {Linking occupational therapy models and assessments to the ICF to enable standardized documentation of functioning}, series = {Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy}, volume = {85}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy}, number = {4}, pages = {330 -- 341}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Background The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) can serve as reference for standardized documentation of health in clinical practice. Purpose This study aims to bridge the gap between the ICF and occupational therapy specific concepts, represented by occupational therapy models and their derived assessments. Method Occupational therapy assessments in relation to their models were systematically linked to the ICF, and a compatibility analysis was conducted. To strengthen reliability of the linkings, feedback from the respective assessment hosts was obtained. Findings Linking tables were developed for the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills, the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, and the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool. Similarities and differences between the ICF and the three assessments and their associated models show how they differ from and complement each other. Implications The findings of this study lay the foundation for standardized documentation in occupational therapy and enhance the practicability of the ICF.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerTennantStucki2018, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Tennant, A. and Stucki, G.}, title = {Standardized reporting of functioning information on ICF-based common metrics}, series = {European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine}, volume = {54}, journal = {European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine}, number = {1}, pages = {110 -- 117}, year = {2018}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: In clinical practice and research a variety of clinical data collection tools are used to collect information on people's functioning for clinical practice and research and national health information systems. Reporting on ICF-based common metrics enables standardized documentation of functioning information in national health information systems. The objective of this methodological note on applying the ICF in rehabilitation is to demonstrate how to report functioning information collected with a data collection tool on ICF-based common metrics. We first specify the requirements for the standardized reporting of functioning information. Secondly, we introduce the methods needed for transforming functioning data to ICF-based common metrics. Finally, we provide an example. METHODS: The requirements for standardized reporting are as follows: 1) having a common conceptual framework to enable content comparability between any health information; and 2) a measurement framework so that scores between two or more clinical data collection tools can be directly compared. The methods needed to achieve these requirements are the ICF Linking Rules and the Rasch measurement model. Using data collected incorporating the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), and the Stroke Impact Scale 3.0 (SIS 3.0), the application of the standardized reporting based on common metrics is demonstrated. RESULTS: A subset of items from the three tools linked to common chapters of the ICF (d4 Mobility, d5 Self-care and d6 Domestic life), were entered as "super items" into the Rasch model. Good fit was achieved with no residual local dependency and a unidimensional metric. A transformation table allows for comparison between scales, and between a scale and the reporting common metric. CONCLUSIONS: Being able to report functioning information collected with commonly used clinical data collection tools with ICF-based common metrics enables clinicians and researchers to continue using their tools while still being able to compare and aggregate the information within and across tools.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerShawStammetal.2014, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Shaw, L. and Stamm, T. and Rudman, D. L.}, title = {Enacting occupation-based practice: Exploring the disjuncture between everyday life of mothers with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and institutional processes}, series = {British Journal of Occupational Therapy}, volume = {77}, journal = {British Journal of Occupational Therapy}, number = {10}, pages = {491 -- 498}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Introduction: Occupation-based approaches are a hallmark of excellence in occupational therapy practice. This article focuses on the disjuncture between how women with rheumatoid arthritis go about their daily lives, that is to say their occupations, and what is addressed during routine visits at a specialized rheumatology outpatient clinic. Method: Institutional ethnography was employed as a method of inquiry to identify the occupations and related issues that were or were not accounted for in health records and addressed within institutional processes. Interviews and participant observations were conducted with seven women with rheumatoid arthritis who were mothers. Hospital records were analysed as texts mediating between the women's daily lives and the rheumatology outpatient clinic. Findings: The analysis revealed that despite the diversity in the ways that the women managed their daily lives, the things that they did were viewed, understood, and addressed only within the boundaries of the standardizing relations that ruled practice in this clinical setting. Institutional processes grounded in biomedical concepts such as functional status or disease activity, as well as clinical assessments that depict these concepts, both shape and limit opportunities for occupational therapists to advance and enact occupation-based practice. Conclusion: In this setting, the complexity of the participants' daily lives and the occupations they engage in remain unaddressed.}, language = {en} } @article{CarrierProdinger2014, author = {Carrier, A. and Prodinger, Birgit}, title = {Visions of possibility: Using institutional ethnography as a theory and method for understanding contexts and their ruling relations}, series = {Occupational Therapy Now}, volume = {16}, journal = {Occupational Therapy Now}, number = {2}, pages = {18 -- 21}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @article{DuerBinderSadloňovaetal.2012, author = {D{\"u}r, M. and Binder, A. and Sadloňov{\´a}, M. and Haider, S. and Stoffer, M. and Smolen, J. and Dejaco, C. and Kautzky-Willer, A. and Prodinger, Birgit and Fialka-Moser, V. and Lovelock, L. and Stamm, T.A.}, title = {UPDATE: Life stories and laboratory parameters - the FWF funded GOBI study}, series = {Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift}, journal = {Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift}, number = {12}, pages = {10 -- 13}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{KriegerKinebanianProdingeretal.2012, author = {Krieger, B. and Kin{\´e}banian, A. and Prodinger, Birgit and Heigl, F.}, title = {Becoming a member of the work force - Perceptions of adults with Asperger Syndrome}, series = {WORK}, volume = {43}, journal = {WORK}, number = {2}, pages = {141 -- 157}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Objective: Research has shown that comparatively few adults with Asperger Syndrome (AS) participate in the competitive work force. The purpose of this study was to gain in-depth knowledge about contextual factors, which contribute to successful labor market participation in some adults with AS. Participants: This study was conducted by indepth-interviewing six adults with AS working in the competitive job market in Switzerland. Methods: A developmental and hermeneutic narrative approach was used for data collection and analysis. Two in-depth narrative interviews were conducted with each participant. A narrative analysis according to the theories of Paul Ricoeur was performed. Results: Results showed that participants received pre-vocational requisites during their childhood through parents and friends that provided a feeling of security in social contexts. For participants, a supportive school setting resulted in academic achievements. The narratives reveal participants' capacities for understanding and adapting to social norms. Participants' understanding of their own needs was essential to the successful labor market participation. However, disclosure is rare and social stigma is still present. Conclusions: This study showed that successful labor participation of adults with AS can be enhanced through adequate social support already in the early stages of an individual's lifetime.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerCiezaWilliamsetal.2008, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Cieza, A. and Williams, D.A. and Mease, P. and Boonen, A. and Kerschan-Schindl, K. and Fialka-Moser, V. and Smolen, J. and Stucki, G. and Machold, K. and Stamm, T.}, title = {Measuring health in patients with fibromyalgia: Content comparison of questionnaires based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)}, series = {Arthritis Care \& Research}, volume = {59}, journal = {Arthritis Care \& Research}, number = {5}, pages = {650 -- 658}, year = {2008}, abstract = {Objective To analyze the content of outcome measures commonly used to assess health in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) by linking the items of the instruments with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) in order to evaluate the adequacy of currently used measures. Methods Questionnaires used in FM were identified in a structured literature search. All concepts included in the items of the questionnaires were linked to ICF categories, according to previously published linking rules, by 2 independent health professionals. The percentages of linked ICF categories addressing the different ICF components were calculated. Results Generic and symptom-specific instruments were included. From the 296 items contained in all 16 instruments, 447 concepts were extracted and then linked to 52 ICF categories of the component body functions, 1 category of the component body structure, 40 categories of the component activities and participation, and 9 categories of the component environmental factors. More than half of the concepts identified were linked to body function, fewer were linked to activities and participation, and only concepts of 4 instruments were linked to the ICF component environmental factors. Conclusion Many concepts were linked to the categories in the ICF component body functions. While linking to the broad category, purportedly similar instruments often covered widely varying areas of function at more fine-grained levels of detail. Some categories, such as environmental factors, were barely covered by any of the instruments and might constitute an important aspect of health deserving better coverage and future development.}, language = {en} } @article{PeterSchulenbergBuchananetal.2016, author = {Peter, C. and Schulenberg, S. E. and Buchanan, E. M. and Prodinger, Birgit and Geyh, S.}, title = {Rasch analysis of measurement instruments capturing psychological personal factors in persons with spinal cord injury}, series = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, volume = {48}, journal = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, number = {2}, pages = {175 -- 188}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Objective: To evaluate the metric properties of distinct measures of psychological personal factors comprising feelings, beliefs, motives, and patterns of experience and behaviour assessed in the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Cohort Study (SwiSCI), using Rasch methodology. Methods: SwiSCI Pathway 2 is a community-based, nationwide, cross-sectional survey for persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) (n = 511). The Rasch partial credit model was used for each subscale of the Positive Affect Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), Appraisal of Life Events Scale (ALE), Purpose in Life test - Short Form (PIL-SF), and the Big Five Inventory-K (BFI-K). Results: The measures were unidimensional, with the exception of the positive affect items of the PANAS, where pairwise t-tests resulted in 10\% significant cases, indicating multidimensionality. The BFI-K subscale agreeableness revealed low reliability (0.53). Other reliability estimates ranged between 0.61 and 0.89. Ceiling and floor effects were found for most measures. SCI-related differential item functioning (DIF) was rarely found. Language DIF was identified for several items of the BFI-K, PANAS and the ALE, but not for the PIL-SF. Conclusion: A majority of the measures satisfy the assumptions of the Rasch model, including unidimensionality. Invariance across language versions still represents a major challenge.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerCoenenHammondetal.2020, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Coenen, M and Hammond, A and K{\"u}{\c{c}}{\"u}kdeveci, AA and Tennant, A}, title = {Scale-Banking for Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) Measuring Functioning in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Daily Activities Metric}, series = {Arthritis Care \& Research}, volume = {Online ahead of print}, journal = {Arthritis Care \& Research}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Objective: Functioning is an important outcome for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management. Heterogeneity of respective patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) challenges direct comparisons between their results. This study aimed to standardize reporting of such PROMs measuring functioning in RA to facilitate comparability. Methods: Common Item Non-Equivalent Groups Design (NEAT) with the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) as a common scale across data sets from various countries (incl. UK, Turkey and Germany) to establish a common metric. Other PROMs included are the Physical Function items of the Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MDHAQ), Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule Version 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), and four short forms (20, 10, 6, and 4 physical function items) from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). As the HAQ includes mobility, self-care and domestic life items, this study focuses on these three domains. PROMs were described using Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) and Smallest Detectable Difference (SDD). Rasch Measurement model was used to create the common metric. Results: Range of SEM is 0.2 (MDHAQ) to 7.4 (SF36-PF). SDD revealed a range from 9.7 \% (WOMAC-RAT) to 33.5 \% (WHODAS-PF). PROMs co-calibration revealed fit to the Rasch measurement model. A transformation table was developed to allow exchange between PROMs scores. Discussion: Scores between the Daily Activity PROMs commonly used in RA can now be compared. Factors such as SEM and SDD help determine choice of PROM in clinical practice and research. Keywords: Common metric; DASH; Disability and Health; HAQ; International Classification of Functioning; Multidimensional HAQ; PROMIS-SF; Rasch measurement model; Scale banking; WHODAS 2.0; WOMAC.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerKuecuekdeveciKutlayetal.2020, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and K{\"u}{\c{c}}{\"u}kdeveci, AA and Kutlay, S and Elhan, AH and Kreiner, S and Tennant, A}, title = {Cross-diagnostic scale-banking using Rasch analysis: Developing a common reference metric for generic and health condition-specific scales in people with rheumatoid arthritis and stroke.}, series = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, journal = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Abstract Objectives: To develop a common reference metric of functioning, incorporating generic and health condition-specific disability instruments, and to test whether this reference metric is invariant across 2 health conditions. Design: Psychometric study using secondary data analysis. Firstly, the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Linking Rules were used to examine the concept equivalence between the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and Functional Independence Measure (FIMTM). Secondly, a scale-bank was developed using a reference metric approach to test-equating, based on the Rasch measurement model. Participants: Secondary analysis was performed on data from 487 people; 61.4\% with rheumatoid arthritis and 38.6\% with stroke. Results: Three sub-domains of the WHODAS 2.0 and all items of the HAQ and FIMTM motor mapped on to the ICF chapters d4 Mobility, d5 Self-care and d6 Domestic life. Test-equating of these scales resulted in good model fit, indicating that a scale bank and associated reference metric across these 3 instruments could be created. Conclusion: This study provides a transformation table to enable direct comparisons among instruments measuring physical functioning commonly used in rheumatoid arthritis (HAQ) and stroke (FIMTM motor scale), as well as in people with disability in general (WHODAS 2.0). Keywords: FIM; Functional Independence Measure; HAQ; Health Assessment Questionnaire; WHODAS 2.0; World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule; outcome assessment; rheumatoid arthritis; stroke; psychometrics.}, language = {en} } @article{MaritzTennantFellinghaueretal.2020, author = {Maritz, Roxanne and Tennant, Alan and Fellinghauer, Carolina and Stucki, Gerold and Prodinger, Birgit}, title = {Creating a common metric based on existing activities of daily living tools to enable standardized reporting of functioning outcomes achieved during rehabilitation}, series = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, volume = {52}, journal = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, number = {7}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Objective: Many different assessment tools are used to assess functioning in rehabilitation; this limits the comparability and aggregation of respective data. The aim of this study was to outline the development of an International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)-based interval-scaled common metric for 2 assessment tools assessing activities of daily living: the Functional Independence Measure (FIMTM) and the Extended Barthel Index (EBI), used in Swiss national rehabilitation quality reports. Methods: The conceptual equivalence of the 2 tools was assessed through their linking to the ICF. The Rasch measurement model was then applied to create a common metric including FIMTM and EBI. Subjects: Secondary analysis of a sample of 265 neurological patients from 5 Swiss clinics. Results: ICF linking found conceptual coherency of the tools. An interval-scaled common metric, including FIMTM and EBI, could be established, given fit to the Rasch model in the related analyses. Conclusion: The ICF-based and interval-scaled common metric enables comparison of patients and clinics functioning outcomes when different activities of daily living tools are used. The common metric can be included in a Standardized Assessment and Reporting System for functioning information in order to enable data aggregation and comparability. Keywords: Barthel Index; Functional Independence Measure; Rasch Measurement Model; activities of daily living; outcome assessment (healthcare); psychometrics; quality in healthcare; rehabilitation.}, language = {en} } @article{StanleyRogersForwelletal.2020, author = {Stanley, Mandy and Rogers, Sandra and Forwell, Sue and Hocking, Clare and Nayar, Shoba and Laliberte Rudman, Debbie and Prodinger, Birgit and Farias Vera, Lisette and Townsend, Elizabeth and Magalh{\~a}es, Lilian and Simaan, Juman and Reid, Heleen and Pols, Vee}, title = {A Pledge to Mobilize Against Racism}, series = {Journal of Occupational Science}, volume = {27}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Science}, number = {s1}, pages = {294 -- 295}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @article{NicolYuSelbetal.2020, author = {Nicol, R and Yu, H and Selb, M and Prodinger, Birgit and Hartvigsen, J and C{\^o}t{\´e}, P}, title = {How does the measurement of disability in low back pain map unto the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)? A scoping review of the manual medicine literature}, series = {American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation}, volume = {Online ahead of print.}, journal = {American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The objective of this study was to catalogue items from instruments used to measure functioning, disability, and contextual factors in patients with low back pain (LBP) treated with manual medicine (manipulation and mobilization) according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). This catalogue will be used to inform the development of an ICF-based assessment schedule for LBP patients treated with manual medicine. In this scoping review we systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL. We identified instruments (questionnaires, clinical tests, single questions) used to measure functioning, disability and contextual factors, extracted the relevant items and then linked these items to the ICF. We included 95 articles and identified 1510 meaningful concepts. All but 70 items were linked to the ICF. Of the concepts linked to the ICF, body functions accounted for 34.7\%, body structures accounted for 0\%, activities and participation accounted for 41\%, environmental factors accounted for 3.6\%, and personal factors accounted for 16\%. Most items used to measure functioning and disability in LBP patient treated with manual medicine focus on body functions, and activities and participation. The lack of measures that address environmental factors warrants further investigation.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Prodinger2022, author = {Prodinger, Birgit}, title = {Institutional Ethnography}, series = {Rehabilitation in Practice}, booktitle = {Rehabilitation in Practice}, editor = {Hayre, Christopher M. and Muller, Dave J. and Hackett, Paul M. W.}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Singapore}, publisher = {Technische Hochschule Rosenheim}, pages = {55 -- 66}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Rehabilitation aims to enable people with disabilities or who are likely to experience disability to participate fully in their daily lives through a set of interprofessional and multimodal measures. Yet, rehabilitation services are embedded within social and healthcare systems that shape what individuals, who are active within these systems, can and may have to do. This chapter introduces Institutional Ethnography, a critical method of inquiry, which aims to explicate what people actually do and experience and how their doings and experiences become organized within textually mediated social relations. For rehabilitation practice and research, Institutional Ethnography is a powerful method to delineate which concepts are dominating institutional practices and to explicate whether these concepts are comprehensive enough to serve not only institutional purposes but account for and respond to the realities of people's daily lives.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerCoenenHammondetal.2022, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Coenen, Michaela and Hammond, Alison and K{\"u}{\c{c}}{\"u}kdeveci, Ay{\c{s}}e A. and Tennant, Alan}, title = {Scale Banking for Patient-Reported Outcome Measures That Measure Functioning in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Daily Activities Metric}, series = {Arthritis Care \& Research}, volume = {74}, journal = {Arthritis Care \& Research}, number = {4}, pages = {579 -- 587}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Objective Functioning is an important outcome for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Heterogeneity of respective patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) challenges direct comparisons between their results. This study aimed to standardize reporting of such PROMs measuring functioning in RA to facilitate comparability. Methods Common-item nonequivalent group design with the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) as a common scale across data sets from various countries (including the UK, Turkey, and Germany) to establish a common metric was used. Other PROMs included are the physical function items of the Multidimensional HAQ (MDHAQ), the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHODAS II), the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) health survey, and 4 short forms (20, 10, 6, and 4 physical function items) from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System. As the HAQ includes mobility, self-care, and domestic life items, this study focuses on these 3 domains. PROMs were described using standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable difference (SDD). A Rasch measurement model was used to create the common metric. Results The range of the SEM was 0.2 (MDHAQ) to 7.4 (SF-36 health survey physical functioning domain). The SDD revealed a range from 9.7\% (WOMAC rating scale) to 33.5\% (WHODAS physical functioning domain). PROMs co-calibration revealed fit to the Rasch measurement model. A transformation table was developed to allow exchange between PROM scores. Conclusion Scores between the daily activity PROMs commonly used in RA can now be compared. Factors such as SEM and SDD help to determine the choice of a PROM in clinical practice and research.}, language = {en} } @article{NicolYuSelbetal.2021, author = {Nicol, R and Yu, H and Selb, M and Prodinger, Birgit and Hartvigsen, J and C{\^o}t{\´e}, P}, title = {How Does the Measurement of Disability in Low Back Pain Map Unto the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health?: A Scoping Review of the Manual Medicine Literature}, series = {American Journal of Physical Medicine \& Rehabilitation}, volume = {100}, journal = {American Journal of Physical Medicine \& Rehabilitation}, number = {4}, pages = {367 -- 395}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The objective of this study was to catalog items from instruments used to measure functioning, disability, and contextual factors in patients with low back pain treated with manual medicine (manipulation and mobilization) according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. This catalog will be used to inform the development of an International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-based assessment schedule for low back pain patients treated with manual medicine. In this scoping review, we systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL. We identified instruments (questionnaires, clinical tests, single questions) used to measure functioning, disability, and contextual factors, extracted the relevant items, and then linked these items to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. We included 95 articles and identified 1510 meaningful concepts. All but 70 items were linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Of the concepts linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, body functions accounted for 34.7\%, body structures accounted for 0\%, activities and participation accounted for 41\%, environmental factors accounted for 3.6\%, and personal factors accounted for 16\%. Most items used to measure functioning and disability in low back pain patient treated with manual medicine focus on body functions, as well as activities and participation. The lack of measures that address environmental factors warrants further investigation.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerCoenenHammondetal.2020, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Coenen, Michaela and Hammond, Alison and K{\"u}{\c{c}}{\"u}kdeveci, Ayse A. and Tennant, Alan}, title = {Scale-Banking for Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) Measuring Functioning in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Daily Activities Metric}, series = {Arthritis Care \& Research}, journal = {Arthritis Care \& Research}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Objective: Functioning is an important outcome for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management. Heterogeneity of respective patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) challenges direct comparisons between their results. This study aimed to standardize reporting of such PROMs measuring functioning in RA to facilitate comparability. Methods: Common Item Non-Equivalent Groups Design (NEAT) with the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) as a common scale across data sets from various countries (incl. UK, Turkey and Germany) to establish a common metric. Other PROMs included are the Physical Function items of the Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MDHAQ), Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule Version 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), and four short forms (20, 10, 6, and 4 physical function items) from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). As the HAQ includes mobility, self-care and domestic life items, this study focuses on these three domains. PROMs were described using Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) and Smallest Detectable Difference (SDD). Rasch Measurement model was used to create the common metric. Results: Range of SEM is 0.2 (MDHAQ) to 7.4 (SF36-PF). SDD revealed a range from 9.7 \% (WOMAC-RAT) to 33.5 \% (WHODAS-PF). PROMs co-calibration revealed fit to the Rasch measurement model. A transformation table was developed to allow exchange between PROMs scores. Discussion: Scores between the Daily Activity PROMs commonly used in RA can now be compared. Factors such as SEM and SDD help determine choice of PROM in clinical practice and research.}, language = {en} } @article{SenjuMukainoProdingeretal.2021, author = {Senju, Y and Mukaino, M and Prodinger, Birgit and Selb, M and Okouchi, Y and Mizutani, K and Suzuki, M and Yamada, S and Izumi, SI and Sonoda, S and Otaka, Y and Saitoh, E and Stucki, G}, title = {Development of a clinical tool for rating the body function categories of the ICF generic-30/rehabilitation set in Japanese rehabilitation practice and examination of its interrater reliability}, series = {BMC Medical Research Methodology}, volume = {21}, journal = {BMC Medical Research Methodology}, number = {1}, pages = {121}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Background: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) Generic-30 (Rehabilitation) Set is a tool used to assess the functioning of a clinical population in rehabilitation. The ICF Generic-30 consists of nine ICF categories from the component "body functions" and 21 from the component "activities and participation". This study aimed to develop a rating reference guide for the nine body function categories of the ICF Generic-30 Set using a predefined, structured process and to examine the interrater reliability of the ratings using the rating reference guide. Methods: The development of the first version of the rating reference guide involved the following steps: (1) a trial of rating patients by several raters; (2) cognitive interviews with each rater to analyze the thought process involved in each rating; (3) the drafting of the rating reference guide by a multidisciplinary panel; and (4) a review by ICF specialists to confirm consistency with the ICF. Subsequently, we conducted a first field test to gain insight into the use of the guide in practice. The reference guide was modified based on the raters' feedback in the field test, and an inter-rater reliability test was conducted thereafter. Interrater agreement was evaluated using weighted kappa statistics with linear weights. Results: The first version of the rating reference guide was successfully developed and tested. The weighted kappa coefficient in the field testing ranged from 0.25 to 0.92. The interrater reliability testing of the rating reference guide modified based on the field test results yielded an improved weighted kappa coefficient ranging from 0.53 to 0.78. Relative improvements in the weighted kappa coefficients were observed in seven out of the nine categories. Consequently, seven out of nine categories were found to have a weighted kappa coefficient of 0.61 or higher. Conclusions: In this study, we developed and modified a rating reference guide for the body function categories of the ICF Generic-30 Set. The interrater reliability test using the final version of the rating reference guide showed moderate to substantial interrater agreement, which encouraged the use of the ICF in rehabilitation practice.}, language = {en} } @article{HodelEhrmannScheelSaileretal.2021, author = {Hodel, Jsabel and Ehrmann, Cristina and Scheel-Sailer, Anke and Stucki, Gerold and Bickenbach, Jerome E. and Prodinger, Birgit}, title = {Identification of Classes of Functioning Trajectories and Their Predictors in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury Attending Initial Rehabilitation in Switzerland}, series = {Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation}, volume = {3}, journal = {Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation}, number = {2}, pages = {100121}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Objectives: To identify classes of functioning trajectories in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) undergoing initial rehabilitation after injury and to examine potential predictors of class membership to inform clinical planning of the rehabilitation process. Design: Longitudinal analysis of the individual's rehabilitation stay using data from the Inception Cohort of the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Cohort Study (SwiSCI). Setting: Initial rehabilitation in specialized centers in Switzerland. Participants: Individuals with newly acquired SCI (N=748; mean age, 54.66±18.38y) who completed initial rehabilitation between May 2013 and September 2019. The cohort was primarily composed of men (67.51\%), persons with paraplegia (56.15\%), incomplete injuries (67.51\%), and traumatic etiologies (55.48\%). Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Functioning was operationalized with the interval-based sum score of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure version III (SCIM III). For each individual, the SCIM III sum score was assessed at up to 4 time points during rehabilitation stay. The corresponding time of assessment was recorded by the difference in days between the SCIM III assessment and admission to the rehabilitation program. Results: Latent process mixed model analysis revealed 4 classes of functioning trajectories within the present sample. Class-specific predicted mean functioning trajectories describe stable high functioning (n=307; 41.04\%), early functioning improvement (n=39; 5.21\%), moderate functioning improvement (n=287; 38.37\%), and slow functioning improvement (n=115; 15.37\%), respectively. Out of 12 tested factors, multinomial logistic regression showed that age, injury level, injury severity, and ventilator assistance were robust predictors that could distinguish between identified classes of functioning trajectories in the present sample. Conclusions: The current study establishes a foundation for future research on the course of functioning of individuals with SCI in initial rehabilitation by identifying classes of functioning trajectories. This supports the development of specifically tailored rehabilitation programs and prediction models, which can be integrated into clinical rehabilitation planning.}, language = {en} } @article{HodelStuckiProdinger2021, author = {Hodel, Jsabel and Stucki, Gerold and Prodinger, Birgit}, title = {The potential of prediction models of functioning remains to be fully exploited: A scoping review in the field of spinal cord injury rehabilitation}, series = {Journal of Clinical Epidemiology}, volume = {139}, journal = {Journal of Clinical Epidemiology}, pages = {177 -- 190}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Objective: The study aimed to explore existing prediction models of functioning in spinal cord injury (SCI). Study design and setting: The databases PubMed, EBSCOhost CINAHL Complete, and IEEE Xplore were searched for relevant literature. The search strategy included published search filters for prediction model and impact studies, index terms and keywords for SCI, and relevant outcome measures able to assess functioning as reflected in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The search was completed in October 2020. Results: We identified seven prediction model studies reporting twelve prediction models of functioning. The identified prediction models were mainly envisioned to be used for rehabilitation planning, however, also other possible applications were stated. The method predominantly used was regression analysis and the investigated predictors covered mainly the ICF components of body functions and activities and participation, next to characteristics of the health condition and health interventions. Conclusion: Findings suggest that the development of prediction models of functioning for use in clinical practice remains to be fully exploited. By providing a comprehensive overview of what has been done, this review informs future research on prediction models of functioning in SCI and contributes to an efficient use of research evidence.}, language = {en} } @misc{SkudlikHirtDoeringeretal.2022, author = {Skudlik, Stefanie and Hirt, Julian and D{\"o}ringer, Tobias and Thalhammer, Regina and L{\"u}ftl, Katharina and Prodinger, Birgit and M{\"u}ller, Martin}, title = {Challenges and care strategies during the transition to nursing home in Germany: A scoping review. European Nursing Kongress am 5. Oktober 2022, online}, year = {2022}, language = {de} } @misc{SkudlikHirtDoeringeretal.2023, author = {Skudlik, Stefanie and Hirt, Julian and D{\"o}ringer, Tobias and Thalhammer, Regina and L{\"u}ftl, Katharina and Prodinger, Birgit and M{\"u}ller, Martin}, title = {Herausforderungen und Versorgungsstrategien im Kontext von Pflegeheimeinz{\"u}gen in Deutschland: Ein Scoping Review. Poster f{\"u}r den EbM-Kongress vom 22.-24. M{\"a}rz 2023 in Potsdam}, year = {2023}, language = {de} } @article{SkudlikHirtDoeringeretal.2023, author = {Skudlik, Stefanie and Hirt, Julian and D{\"o}ringer, Tobias and Thalhammer, Regina and L{\"u}ftl, Katharina and Prodinger, Birgit and M{\"u}ller, Martin}, title = {Challenges and care strategies associated with the admission to nursing homes in Germany: a scoping review}, series = {BMC Nursing}, volume = {22}, journal = {BMC Nursing}, doi = {10.1186/s12912-022-01139-y}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Background The admission to a nursing home is a critical life-event for affected persons as well as their families. Admission related processes are lacking adequate participation of older people and their families. To improve transitions to nursing homes, context- and country-specific knowledge about the current practice is needed. Hence, our aim was to summarize available evidence on challenges and care strategies associated with the admission to nursing homes in Germany. Methods We conducted a scoping review and searched eight major international and German-specific electronic databases for journal articles and grey literature published in German or English language since 1995. Further inclusion criteria were focus on challenges or care strategies in the context of nursing home admissions of older persons and comprehensive and replicable information on methods and results. Posters, only-abstract publications and articles dealing with mixed populations including younger adults were excluded. Challenges and care strategies were identified and analysed by structured content analysis using the TRANSCIT model. Results Twelve studies of 1,384 records were finally included. Among those, seven were qualitative studies, three quantitative observational studies and two mixed methods studies. As major challenges neglected participation of older people, psychosocial burden among family caregivers, inadequate professional cooperation and a lack of shared decision-making and evidence-based practice were identified. Identified care strategies included strengthening shared decision-making and evidence-based practice, improvement in professional cooperation, introduction of specialized transitional care staff and enabling participation for older people. Conclusion Although the process of nursing home admission is considered challenging and tends to neglect the needs of older people, little research is available for the German health care system. The perspective of the older people seems to be underrepresented, as most of the studies focused on caregivers and health professionals. Reported care strategies addressed important challenges, however, these were not developed and evaluated in a comprehensive and systematic way. Future research is needed to examine perspectives of all the involved groups to gain a comprehensive picture of the needs and challenges. Interventions based on existing care strategies should be systematically developed and evaluated to provide the basis of adequate support for older persons and their informal caregivers.}, language = {en} }