@article{ProdingerBallertBrachetal.2016, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Ballert, C. S. and Brach, M. and Brinkhof, M. W. G. and Cieza, A. and Hug, K. and Jordan, X. and Post, M. W. M. and Scheel-Sailer, A. and Schubert, M. and Tennant, A. and Stucki, G.}, title = {Toward standardized reporting for a cohort study on functioning: The Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Cohort Study}, series = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, volume = {48}, journal = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, number = {2}, pages = {189 -- 196}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Objective: Functioning is an important outcome to measure in cohort studies. Clear and operational outcomes are needed to judge the quality of a cohort study. This paper outlines guiding principles for reporting functioning in cohort studies and addresses some outstanding issues. Design: Principles of how to standardize reporting of data from a cohort study on functioning, by deriving scores that are most useful for further statistical analysis and reporting, are outlined. The Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Cohort Study Community Survey serves as a case in point to provide a practical application of these principles. Methods and Results: Development of reporting scores must be conceptually coherent and metrically sound. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) can serve as the frame of reference for this, with its categories serving as reference units for reporting. To derive a score for further statistical analysis and reporting, items measuring a single latent trait must be invariant across groups. The Rasch measurement model is well suited to test these assumptions. Conclusion: Our approach is a valuable guide for researchers and clinicians, as it fosters comparability of data, strengthens the comprehensiveness of scope, and provides invariant, interval-scaled data for further statistical analyses of functioning.}, language = {en} } @article{SelbGimiglianoProdingeretal.2017, author = {Selb, M. and Gimigliano, F. and Prodinger, Birgit and Stucki, G. and Pestelli, G. and Iocco, M. and Boldrini, P.}, title = {Toward an International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health clinical data collection tool: The Italian experience of developing simple, intuitive descriptions of the Rehabilitation Set categories}, series = {European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine}, volume = {53}, journal = {European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine}, number = {2}, pages = {290 -- 298}, year = {2017}, abstract = {As part of international efforts to develop and implement national models including the specification of ICF-based clinical data collection tools, the Italian rehabilitation community initiated a project to develop simple, intuitive descriptions of the ICF Rehabilitation Set, highlighting the core concept of each category in user-friendly language. This paper outlines the Italian experience in developing simple, intuitive descriptions of the ICF Rehabilitation Set as an ICF-based clinical data collection tool for Italy.Consensus process.Expert conference. Multidisciplinary group of rehabilitation professionals.The first of a two-stage consensus process involved developing an initial proposal for simple, intuitive descriptions of each ICF Rehabilitation Set category based on descriptions generated in a similar process in China. Stage two involved a consensus conference. Divided into three working groups, participants discussed and voted (vote A) whether the initially proposed descriptions of each ICF Rehabilitation Set category was simple and intuitive enough for use in daily practice. Afterwards the categories with descriptions considered ambiguous i.e. not simple and intuitive enough, were divided among the working groups, who were asked to propose a new description for the allocated categories. These proposals were then voted (vote B) on in a plenary session. The last step of the consensus conference required each working group to develop a new proposal for each and the same categories with descriptions still considered ambiguous. Participants then voted (final vote) for which of the three proposed descriptions they preferred.Nineteen clinicians from diverse rehabilitation disciplines from various regions of Italy participated in the consensus process. Three ICF categories already achieved consensus in vote A, while 20 ICF categories were accepted in vote B. The remaining 7 categories were decided in the final vote.The findings were discussed in light of current efforts toward developing strategies for ICF implementation, specifically for the application of an ICF-based clinical data collection tool, not only for Italy but also for the rest of Europe. Promising as minimal standards for monitoring the impact of interventions and for standardized reporting of functioning as a relevant outcome in rehabilitation.}, language = {en} } @article{MuellerGrillStierJarmeretal.2011, author = {M{\"u}ller, Martin and Grill, E. and Stier-Jarmer, M. and Strobl, R. and Gutenbrunner, C. and Fialka-Moser, V. and Stucki, G.}, title = {Validation of the comprehensive ICF Core Sets for patients receiving rehabilitation interventions in the acute care setting}, series = {Journal of rehabilitation medicine}, journal = {Journal of rehabilitation medicine}, number = {43(2)}, editor = {Foundation of Rehabilitation Information,}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Objective: To examine the relevance and completeness of the comprehensive International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Sets for patients with rehabilitation needs in acute hospital care. Design: Multi-centre cohort study. Patients: A total of 391 patients (50.1\% female, mean age 63.4 years) from 4 university hospitals in Austria, Germany and Switzerland and one Austrian general hospital. Methods: Data on functioning were collected using the respective comprehensive acute ICF Core Sets. Data were extracted from patients' medical record sheets and interviews with health professionals and patients. Results: Most of the categories of the comprehensive ICF Core Sets describing impairments, limitations or restrictions occurred in a considerable proportion of the study population. The most outstanding limitations and restrictions of the patients were problems with sleep and blood vessel functions, walking and moving and self-care. Thirty-eight aspects of functioning not previously covered by the comprehensive ICF Core Sets were ranked as relevant. Conclusion: Categories of the comprehensive ICF Core Sets for the acute hospital situation were confirmed. Some additional categories not covered by the Set in its present version emerged from the interviews, and should be considered for inclusion in a finalized version.}, language = {en} } @article{GrillStroblMuelleretal.2011, author = {Grill, E. and Strobl, R. and M{\"u}ller, Martin and Quittan, M. and Kostanjsek, N. and Stucki, G.}, title = {ICF Core Sets for early post-acute rehabilitation facilities}, series = {Journal of rehabilitation medicine}, journal = {Journal of rehabilitation medicine}, number = {43(2)}, editor = {Foundation of Rehabilitation Information,}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Objective: To identify candidate categories for International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Sets for the reporting and measurement of functioning in patients in early post-acute rehabilitation facilities. Design: Prospective multi-centre cohort study. Patients: Patients receiving rehabilitation interventions for musculoskeletal, neurological or cardiopulmonary injury or disease in early post-acute rehabilitation facilities. Methods: Functioning was coded using the ICF. The criterion for selecting candidate categories for the ICF Core Sets was based on their ability to discriminate between patients with high or low functioning status. Discrimination was assessed using multivariable regression models, the independent variables being all of the ICF categories of the respective comprehensive ICF Core Set. Analogue ratings of overall functioning as reported by patients and health professionals were used as dependent variables. Results: A total of 165 patients were included in the study (67 neurological, 37 cardiopulmonary, 61 musculoskeletal), mean age 67.5 years, 46.1\% female. Selection yielded 38 categories for neurological, 32 for cardiopulmonary, and 31 for musculoskeletal. Conclusion: The present selection of categories can be considered an initial proposal, serving to identify the issues most relevant for the assessment and monitoring of functioning in patients undergoing early post-acute rehabilitation for neurological, cardiopulmonary, and musculoskeletal conditions.}, language = {en} } @article{HopfeStuckiMarshalletal.2016, author = {Hopfe, M. and Stucki, G. and Marshall, R. and Twomey, C. and {\"U}st{\"u}n, T.B. and Prodinger, Birgit}, title = {Capturing patients' needs in casemix: a systematic literature review on the value of adding functioning information in reimbursement systems}, series = {BMC Health Services Research}, volume = {16}, journal = {BMC Health Services Research}, pages = {40}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Background Contemporary casemix systems for health services need to ensure that payment rates adequately account for actual resource consumption based on patients' needs for services. It has been argued that functioning information, as one important determinant of health service provision and resource use, should be taken into account when developing casemix systems. However, there has to date been little systematic collation of the evidence on the extent to which the addition of functioning information into existing casemix systems adds value to those systems with regard to the predictive power and resource variation explained by the groupings of these systems. Thus, the objective of this research was to examine the value of adding functioning information into casemix systems with respect to the prediction of resource use as measured by costs and length of stay. Methods A systematic literature review was performed. Peer-reviewed studies, published before May 2014 were retrieved from CINAHL, EconLit, Embase, JSTOR, PubMed and Sociological Abstracts using keywords related to functioning ('Functioning', 'Functional status', 'Function*, 'ICF', 'International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health', 'Activities of Daily Living' or 'ADL') and casemix systems ('Casemix', 'case mix', 'Diagnosis Related Groups', 'Function Related Groups', 'Resource Utilization Groups' or 'AN-SNAP'). In addition, a hand search of reference lists of included articles was conducted. Information about study aims, design, country, setting, methods, outcome variables, study results, and information regarding the authors' discussion of results, study limitations and implications was extracted. Results Ten included studies provided evidence demonstrating that adding functioning information into casemix systems improves predictive ability and fosters homogeneity in casemix groups with regard to costs and length of stay. Collection and integration of functioning information varied across studies. Results suggest that, in particular, DRG casemix systems can be improved in predicting resource use and capturing outcomes for frail elderly or severely functioning-impaired patients. Conclusion Further exploration of the value of adding functioning information into casemix systems is one promising approach to improve casemix systems ability to adequately capture the differences in patient's needs for services and to better predict resource use.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerSalzbergerStuckietal.2011, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Salzberger, T. and Stucki, G. and Stamm, T. and Cieza, A.}, title = {Measuring Functioning in People with Fibromyalgia (FM) Based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)—A Psychometric Analysis}, series = {Pain Practice}, volume = {12}, journal = {Pain Practice}, number = {4}, pages = {255 -- 265}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Objectives: Instruments to assess functioning in patients with FM vary considerably in their content and are often symptom-specific. This study aimed to examine whether it is feasible to construct a psychometric-sound clinical instrument to measure functioning in FM based on the Brief ICF-Core-Set for chronic widespread pain (CWP). Methods: Two hundred and fifty six people with FM completed the Brief ICF-Core-Set. The Rasch model was used for analysis. Once ordering of response options of ICF categories was ensured, the following properties were studied: fit of the ICF categories to the Rasch model, the targeting between ICF categories and a person's abilities, unidimensionality, and reliability. Results: Six ICF categories were rescored due to disordered thresholds. Five ICF categories were removed due to high model-misfit and differential item functioning (DIF) for gender. Scores from 46 participants were excluded due to extreme scores. The ICF categories included display consistency with an underlying unidimensional construct, are free of DIF for age, disease duration and gender, display excellent overall reliability, and cover a range of functioning difficulties. Conclusions: This study illustrates that it is possible to measure functioning as a unidimensional construct based on selected ICF categories from the components body functions, as well as activities and participation of the Brief ICF-Core-Set for CWP in patients with FM.}, language = {en} } @article{GrillMuellerQuittanetal.2011, author = {Grill, E. and M{\"u}ller, Martin and Quittan, M. and Fialka-Moser, V. and Strobl, R. and Kostanjsek, N. and Stucki, G.}, title = {Brief ICF Core Sets for the acute hospital}, series = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, journal = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, editor = {Medical Journals Limited,}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Objective: To identify candidate categories for brief International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Sets for the reporting and measurement of functioning in patients in the acute hospital. Design: Prospective multi-centre cohort study. Patients: Patients receiving rehabilitation interventions for musculoskeletal, neurological or cardiopulmonary injury or disease in acute hospitals. Methods: Functioning and contextual factors were coded using the ICF. The criterion for selecting candidate categories for the brief ICF Core Sets was based on their ability to discriminate between patients with high or low functioning status. Discrimination was assessed using multivariable regression models, the independent variables being all of the ICF categories of the respective comprehensive ICF Core Set. Analogue ratings of overall functioning as reported by patients and health professionals were used as dependent variables. Results: A total of 391 patients were included in the study (91 neurological, 109 cardiopulmonary, 191 musculoskeletal), mean age 63.4 years, 50.1\% female. Selection yielded 33 categories for neurological, 31 for cardiopulmonary, and 30 for musculoskeletal. Conclusion: The present selection of categories can be considered an initial proposal, serving to identify the ICF categories most relevant for the practical assessment and monitoring of functioning in patients with acute neurological, cardiopulmonary, and musculoskeletal conditions.}, language = {en} } @article{MuellerGrillQuittanetal.2011, author = {M{\"u}ller, Martin and Grill, E. and Quittan, M. and Strobl, R. and Kostanjsek, N. and Stucki, G.}, title = {ICF Core Set for patients in geriatric post-acute rehabilitation facilities}, series = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, journal = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, editor = {Medical Journals Limited,}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Objective: To identify candidate categories for International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Sets for the reporting and clinical measurement of functioning in older patients in early post-acute rehabilitation facilities. Design: Prospective multi-centre cohort study. Patients: Older patients receiving rehabilitation interventions in early post-acute rehabilitation facilities. Methods: Functioning was coded using the ICF. The criterion for selecting candidate categories for the brief ICF Core Sets was based on their ability to discriminate between patients with high or low functioning status. Discrimination was assessed using multivariable regression models, the independent variables being all of the ICF categories of the respective comprehensive ICF Core Set. Analogue ratings of overall functioning as reported by patients and health professionals were used as dependent variables. Results: A total of 209 patients were included in the study, mean age 80.4 years, 67.0\% female. Selection yielded a total of 29 categories for the functioning part and 9 categories for the contextual part of the ICF. Conclusion: The present selection of categories can be considered an initial proposal, serving to identify the issues most relevant for the clinical assessment and monitoring of functioning in older patients undergoing early post-acute rehabilitation.}, language = {en} } @article{StuckiProdingerBickenbach2017, author = {Stucki, G. and Prodinger, Birgit and Bickenbach, J.}, title = {Four steps to follow when documenting functioning with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health}, series = {European Journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine}, volume = {53}, journal = {European Journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine}, number = {1}, pages = {144 -- 149}, year = {2017}, abstract = {In this methodological note on applying the ICF in rehabilitation, we introduce suitable tools that allow us to document comprehensively and systematically the lived experience of health to guide clinical practice, the management of services, evidence-informed policy and scientific inquiry. The objective of this methodological note is to present the currently available tools with respect to four questions: 1) what ICF domains to document; 2) what perspective to take; 3) what data collection tools to apply; and 4) which approach to use for reporting. The application of these tools is illustrated using the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury (SwiSCI) Cohort Study. Existing ICF Sets provide a practical approach for identifying the domains to document. One can document from the perspective of biological health, lived health, and appraised health. For identifying suitable data collection tools, either existing tools can be linked to the ICF or available ICF-based data collection tools can be used. For reporting, an interval scale metric is suggested. The four step approach presented provides users with a logical sequence to follow when planning the documentation of functioning using the ICF as a health information reference system in practice and research.}, language = {de} } @article{ProdingerO'ConnorStuckietal.2017, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and O'Connor, R.J. and Stucki, G. and Tennant, A.}, title = {Establishing score equivalence of the Functional Independence Measure (FIM™) motor scale and the Barthel Index, utilising the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and Rasch Measurement Theory}, series = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, volume = {49}, journal = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, number = {5}, pages = {416 -- 422}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Introduction: Two widely used outcome measures to assess functioning in neurological rehabilitation are the Functional Independence Measure (FIM™) and the Barthel Index. The current study aims to establish the equivalence of the total score of the FIM™ motor scale and the Barthel Index through the application of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, and Rasch measurement theory. Methods: Secondary analysis of a large sample of patients with stroke, spinal cord injury, and multiple sclerosis, undergoing rehabilitation was conducted. All patients were assessed at the same time on both the FIM™ and the Barthel Index. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Linking Rules were used to establish conceptual coherency between the 2 scales, and the Rasch measurement model to establish an exchange of the total scores. Results: Using the FIM™ motor scale, items from both scales linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health d4 Mobility or d5 Self-care chapters. Their co-calibration satisfied the assumptions of the Rasch model for each of 3 diagnostic groups. A ceiling effect was observed for the Barthel Index when contrasted against the FIM™ motor scale. Conclusion: Having a Rasch interval metric to transform scores between the FIM™ motor scale and Barthel Index is valuable for monitoring functioning, meta-analysis, quality audits and hospital benchmarking.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerScheelSailerEscorpizoetal.2017, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Scheel-Sailer, A. and Escorpizo, R. and Stucki, G.}, title = {UEMS-PRM ICF workshop moderators and rapporteurs. (2017) European initiative for the application of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: Development of Clinical Assessment Schedules for specified rehabilitation services}, series = {European Journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine}, volume = {53}, journal = {European Journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine}, number = {2}, pages = {319 -- 332}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Clinical assessment schedule (CLAS) is a core part of the ICF-based implementation of functioning reporting across health conditions and along the continuum of care. The Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Section and Board of the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS PRM) workshop held in January 2016 aimed to develop and specify a CLAS within the context of rehabilitation services. UEMS PRM Workshop in Nottwil, Switzerland, January 2016.PRM physicians representatives from 12 European countries, as well as Israel and Japan, mostly delegates of UEMS PRM Section and Board, and experts with other rehabilitation professional backgrounds.Participants were divided into 6 working groups and asked to specify what functioning aspects would be essential to document using the available ICF sets for the identified rehabilitation services contained in the newly developed service classification (ICSO-R): acute, post-acute and long-term rehabilitation services. The 7 ICF Generic and 23 Rehabilitation Set categories were confirmed as well as specific health condition categories for acute rehabilitation services (mobile team), for postacute rehabilitation services (general outpatient rehabilitation, musculoskeletal and neurological rehabilitation, as well as specialized SCI rehabilitation), and for long-term rehabilitation services (day clinic and rehabilitation provided in the community). While general principles of the CLAS were defined, the need to align the CLAS for a specific service, as well as across services along the continuum of care was highlighted. All groups deliberated on this topic; however, no conclusive statement was presented yet.The groups recognized a need for a systematic effort to identify data collection tools currently used.CLASs will serve in the future to ensure that functioning information is systematically and consistently collected across services, and thus respond also to various global reports and initiatives which stress the need for improving data collection on people's functioning.}, language = {en} } @article{FeketePostBickenbachetal.2017, author = {Fekete, C. and Post, M. and Bickenbach, J. and Middleton, J. and Prodinger, Birgit and Selb, M. and Stucki, G.}, title = {A structured approach to capture the lived experience of spinal cord injury: Data model and questionnaire of the International Spinal Cord Injury Community Survey (InSCI)}, series = {American Journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine}, volume = {96}, journal = {American Journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine}, number = {2}, pages = {S5 -- S16}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The International Spinal Cord Injury (InSCI) community survey has been developed to collect internationally comparable data on the lived experience of persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) in all 6 WHO regions. The InSCI survey provides a crucial first step to generate evidence on functioning, health maintenance, and subjective well-being in persons with SCI globally. A major challenge in setting up the InSCI community survey was to develop a data model and questionnaire that comprehensively captures what matters to people and, at the same time, is feasible and parsimonious in terms of participant's burden. This paper outlines the components of the InSCI data model and presents the question selection to operationalize the data model along the 4 guiding principles of efficiency, feasibility, comparability, and truth and discrimination. The data model consists of 6 components operationalized with 125 questions including functioning (n = 28 body functions and structures; n = 42 activities and participation), contextual factors (n = 26 environmental; n = 19 personal factors), lesion characteristics (n = 2), and appraisal of health and well-being (n = 8). The InSCI questionnaire presents an efficient and feasible solution with satisfying comparability to other populations; however, its validity and reliability still needs to be confirmed.}, language = {en} } @article{DorjbalCiezaGmuenderetal.2016, author = {Dorjbal, D. and Cieza, A. and Gm{\"u}nder, H.-P- and Scheel-Sailer, A. and Stucki, G. and {\"U}st{\"u}n, T.B. and Prodinger, Birgit}, title = {Strengthening quality of care through standardized reporting based on the World Health Organization's reference classifications}, series = {International Journal of Quality in Health}, volume = {28}, journal = {International Journal of Quality in Health}, number = {5}, pages = {626 -- 633}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Quality issue Responding to person's health and related needs requires the availability of health information that reflects relevant aspects of a health condition and how this health condition impacts on a person's daily life. Initial assessment Health information is routinely collected at different time points by diverse professionals, in different settings for various purposes with varying methods. Consequently, health information is not always comparable, posing a challenge to the regular monitoring of quality. Choice of solution The World Health Organization's (WHO) International Classification of Diseases (ICD), International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), and International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI; under development) are complementary and serve as meaningful reference classifications for comparing data on persons' health and related interventions across health systems. Implementation We developed a systematic approach of translating routinely collected information into a standardized report based on the three WHO reference classifications and the Rehab-Cycle®. Subsequently, we have demonstrated its application using five random case records of individuals attending a rehabilitation program. Evaluation All identified concepts were able to be linked to WHO's reference classifications. The ICF served as a tool to standardize information on rehabilitation goals and their achievement. The ICHI served as the basis for reporting the interventions that were documented in the case records, including the intervention targets that were derived from the ICF codes. Lessons learned Our experience shows that, it is possible to translate routinely collected information into standardized reports by linking existing narrative records with WHO's reference classifications.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerTennantStuckietal.2016, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Tennant, A. and Stucki, G. and Cieza, A. and {\"U}st{\"u}n, T.B.}, title = {Harmonizing routinely collected health information for strengthening quality management in health systems: requirements and practice}, series = {Journal of Health Services Research \& Policy}, volume = {21}, journal = {Journal of Health Services Research \& Policy}, number = {4}, pages = {223 -- 228}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Objective Our aim was to specify the requirements of an architecture to serve as the foundation for standardized reporting of health information and to provide an exemplary application of this architecture. Methods The World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) served as the conceptual framework. Methods to establish content comparability were the ICF Linking Rules. The Rasch measurement model, as a special case of additive conjoint measurement, which satisfies the required criteria for fundamental measurement, allowed for the development of a common metric foundation for measurement unit conversion. Secondary analysis of data from the North Yorkshire Survey was used to illustrate these methods. Patients completed three instruments and the items were linked to the ICF. The Rasch measurement model was applied, first to each scale, and then to items across scales which were linked to a common domain. Results Based on the linking of items to the ICF, the majority of items were grouped into two domains, Mobility and Self-care. Analysis of the individual scales and of items linked to a common domain across scales satisfied the requirements of the Rasch measurement model. The measurement unit conversion between items from the three instruments linked to the Mobility and Self-care domains, respectively, was demonstrated. Conclusions The realization of an ICF-based architecture for information on patients' functioning enables harmonization of health information while allowing clinicians and researchers to continue using their existing instruments. This architecture will facilitate access to comprehensive and consistently reported health information to serve as the foundation for informed decision-making.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerStammPeterssonetal.2016, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Stamm, T. and Petersson, D. and Stucki, G. and Tennant, A.}, title = {Toward a standardized reporting of outcomes in hand osteoarthritis: Developing a common metric of outcome measures commonly used to assess functioning.}, series = {Arthritis Care \& Research}, volume = {68}, journal = {Arthritis Care \& Research}, number = {8}, pages = {1115 -- 1127}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Objective Functioning is an important outcome in hand osteoarthritis (OA). The heterogeneity of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) available challenges the direct comparability of information collected by these instruments. This study aimed to examine whether it is possible to achieve metric equivalence of PROMs commonly used to measure functioning in people with hand OA. Methods A secondary analysis of data from 253 persons who participated in the Vienna Hand Osteoarthritis Cohort Study was conducted applying the Rasch measurement model. Participants completed the Health Assessment Questionnaire, the Australian/Canadian Index for Hand Osteoarthritis, the Functional Index for Hand Osteoarthritis (FIHOA), and the Cochin Scale. The assumptions of stochastic ordering, local independence, unidimensionality, and invariance were tested for each scale independently before the scales were co-calibrated onto a common metric. Results Except for the FIHOA, all measures indicated issues of local dependency in the initial analyses. After accommodating those with testlets, all scales satisfied the assumptions of the Rasch model (χ2 > 0.05). Marginal misfit in 2 items was found in the FIHOA, but this did not disturb person estimates. As the 4 scales form a common metric that satisfies the assumptions of the Rasch model, the scores can be equated. Conclusion The scores of the 4 hand function measures can be transformed to a common 0-100 metric, such that scores can be interchanged. A user-friendly transformation table enables clinicians and researchers to have access to the common metric by simply adding up the total score for each instrument and identifying the corresponding transformed score on the common metric.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerCiezaOberhauseretal.2016, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Cieza, A. and Oberhauser, C. and Bickenbach, J. and {\"U}st{\"u}n, T.B. and Chatterji, S. and Stucki, G.}, title = {Toward the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Rehabilitation Set: A Minimal Generic Set of Domains for Rehabilitation as a Health Strategy}, series = {Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation}, volume = {97}, journal = {Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation}, number = {6}, pages = {875 -- 884}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerReinhardSelbetal.2016, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Reinhard, J.D. and Selb, M. and Stucki, G. and Yan, T. and Zhang, C. and Li, J.}, title = {Towards system-wide implementation of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) in routine practice: Developing simple, intuitive descriptions of ICF categories in the ICF Generic and Rehabilitation Set}, series = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, volume = {48}, journal = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, number = {6}, pages = {508 -- 514}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Objective: A national, multi-phase, consensus process to develop simple, intuitive descriptions of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) categories contained in the ICF Generic and Rehabilitation Sets, with the aim of enhancing the utility of the ICF in routine clinical practice, is presented in this study. Methods: A multi-stage, national, consensus process was conducted. The consensus process involved 3 expert groups and consisted of a preparatory phase, a consensus conference with consecutive working groups and 3 voting rounds (votes A, B and C), followed by an implementation phase. In the consensus conference, participants first voted on whether they agreed that an initially developed proposal for simple, intuitive descriptions of an ICF category was in fact simple and intuitive. Results: The consensus conference was held in August 2014 in mainland China. Twenty-one people with a background in physical medicine and rehabilitation participated in the consensus process. Four ICF categories achieved consensus in vote A, 16 in vote B, and 8 in vote C. Discussion: This process can be seen as part of a larger effort towards the system-wide implementation of the ICF in routine clinical and rehabilitation practice to allow for the regular and comprehensive evaluation of health outcomes most relevant for the monitoring of quality of care.}, language = {en} } @article{LiProdingerReinhardetal.2016, author = {Li, J. and Prodinger, Birgit and Reinhard, J. D. and Stucki, G.}, title = {Toward the system-wide implementation of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in routine clinical practice: Lessons from a pilot study in China}, series = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, volume = {48}, journal = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, number = {6}, pages = {502 -- 507}, year = {2016}, abstract = {In 2011 the Chinese leadership in rehabilitation, in collaboration with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Research Branch, embarked on an effort towards the system-wide implementation of the ICF in the healthcare system in China. We report here on the lessons learned from the pilot phase of testing the ICF Generic Set, a parsimonious set of 7 ICF categories, which have been shown to best describe functioning across the general population and people with various health conditions, for use in routine clinical practice in China. The paper discusses whether classification and measurement are compatible, what number of ICF categories should be included in data collection in routine practice, and the usefulness of a functioning profile and functioning score in clinical practice and health research planning. In addition, the paper reflects on the use of ICF qualifiers in a rating scale and the particularities of certain ICF categories contained in the ICF Generic Set when used as items in the context of Chinese rehabilitation and healthcare. Finally, the steps required to enhance the utility of system-wide implementation of the ICF in rehabilitation and healthcare services are set out.}, language = {en} } @article{ReinhardtZhangProdingeretal.2016, author = {Reinhardt, J. D. and Zhang, X. and Prodinger, Birgit and Ehrmann-Bostan, C. and Selb, M. and Stucki, G. and Li, J.}, title = {Toward the system-wide implementation of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in routine clinical practice: Empirical findigns of a pilot study from Mainland China}, series = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, volume = {48}, journal = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, number = {6}, pages = {515 -- 521}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Objective: The aims of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Generic Set in routine clinical practice, and of creating a functioning score based on it, and, subsequently, to examine its sensitivity to change. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, data from 761 adult inpatients from 21 Chinese hospitals were analysed. Each patient was assessed at admission and discharge. Feasibility was evaluated by analysing mean assessment time. The Rasch model was used to create a metric of functioning. Sensitivity to change was analysed with mixed-effects regression and by calculating standardized effect size based on Cohen's f2. Results: Mean duration of assessment was 5.3 min, with a significant decrease between admission and discharge. After removal of the item remunerative employment, the remaining ICF Generic Set categories fitted the Rasch model well. With a mean improvement in functioning of 12.1 (95\% confidence interval (95\% CI): 11.5-12.6), this metric proved sensitive to change, both in terms of statistical significance (p < 0.001) and standardized effect size (Cohen's f2 = 2.35). Discussion: The ICF Generic Set is feasible for use in routine clinical practice and is promising to serve as the basis for the development of a functioning score that is sensitive to change.}, language = {en} } @article{MaritzEhrmannProdingeretal.2020, author = {Maritz, R. and Ehrmann, C. and Prodinger, Birgit and Tennant, A. and Stucki, G.}, title = {The influence and added value of a Standardized Assessment and Reporting System for functioning outcomes upon national rehabilitation quality reports}, series = {International Journal for Quality in Health Care}, volume = {32}, journal = {International Journal for Quality in Health Care}, number = {6}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, pages = {379 -- 387}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Objective To demonstrate the influence and added value of a Standardized Assessment and Reporting System (StARS) upon the reporting of functioning outcomes for national rehabilitation quality reports. A StARS builds upon an ICF-based (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health) and interval-scaled common metric. Design Comparison of current ordinal-scaled Swiss national rehabilitation outcome reports including an expert-consensus-based transformation scale with StARS-based reports through descriptive statistical methods and content exploration of further development areas of the reports with relevant ICF Core Sets. Setting Swiss national public rehabilitation outcome quality reports on the clinic level. Participants A total of 29 Swiss rehabilitation clinics provided their quality report datasets including 18 047 patients. Interventions Neurological or musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Main outcome measures Functional Independence Measure™ or Extended Barthel Index. Results Outcomes reported with a StARS tended to be smaller but more precise than in the current ordinal-scaled reports, indicating an overestimation of achieved outcomes in the latter. The comparison of the common metric's content with ICF Core Sets suggests to include 'energy and drive functions' or 'maintaining a basic body position' to enhance the content of functioning as an indicator. Conclusions A StARS supports the comparison of outcomes assessed with different measures on the same interval-scaled ICF-based common metric. Careful consideration is needed whether an ordinal-scaled or interval-scaled reporting system is applied as the magnitude and precision of reported outcomes is influenced. The StARS' ICF basis brings an added value by informing further development of functioning as a relevant indicator for national outcome quality reports in rehabilitation.}, language = {en} } @article{MukainoProdingerYamadaetal.2020, author = {Mukaino, M. and Prodinger, Birgit and Yamada, S. and Senju, Y. and Izumi, S. I. and Sonoda, S. and Selb, M. and Saitoh, E. and Stucki, G.}, title = {Supporting the clinical use of the ICF in Japan - development of the Japanese version of the simple, intuitive descriptions for the ICF Generic-30 set, its operationalization through a rating reference guide, and interrater reliability study}, series = {BMC Health Services Research}, volume = {20}, journal = {BMC Health Services Research}, number = {1}, pages = {66}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Background The World Health Organization developed the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) in 2001 and has been in the process of implementing it in clinics since then. Current international efforts to implement ICF in rehabilitation clinics include the implementation of ICF Core Sets and the development of simple, intuitive descriptions for the ICF Generic-30 Set (also called Rehabilitation Set). The present study was designed to operationalize these ICF tools for clinical practice in Japan. This work included 1) the development of the Japanese version of the simple, intuitive descriptions for the ICF Generic-30 Set, 2) the development of a rating reference guide for Activity and Participation categories, and 3) the examination of the interrater reliability of rating Activity and Participation categories. Methods The Japanese version of the simple, intuitive descriptions for the ICF Generic-30 Set was developed following the process employed to develop the Chinese and Italian versions. For further operationalization of this ICF Set in practice, a rating reference guide was developed. The development of the rating reference guide involved the following steps: 1) a trial of rating patients by several raters, 2) cognitive interviewing of the raters to analyse the thinking process involved in rating, 3) drafting of the rating reference guide, and 4) review by ICF specialists to confirm consistency with the original ICF concepts. After the rating reference guide was developed, interrater reliability of the rating with the reference guide was determined. Interrater reliability was examined using weighted kappa statistics with linear weight. Results Through the pre-defined process, the Japanese version of the simple, intuitive descriptions for 30 categories of the ICF Generic-30 Set and the rating reference guides for 21 Activity and Participation categories were successfully developed. The weighted kappa statistics ranged from 0.61 to 0.85, showing substantial to excellent agreement of the ratings between raters. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that ICF categories can be translated into clinical practice. Collaboration between clinicians and researchers would further enhance the implementation of the ICF in Japan.}, language = {en} } @article{MaritzTennantFellinghaueretal.2019, author = {Maritz, R. and Tennant, A. and Fellinghauer, C. and Stucki, G. and Prodinger, Birgit}, title = {The Extended Barthel Index (EBI) can Be Reported as a Unidimensional Interval-Scaled Metric - A Psychometric Study}, series = {Physikalische Medizin, Rehabilitationsmedizin, Kurortmedizin}, volume = {29}, journal = {Physikalische Medizin, Rehabilitationsmedizin, Kurortmedizin}, number = {04}, pages = {224 -- 232}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Background: The Extended Barthel Index (EBI), consisting of the original Barthel Index plus 6 cognitive items, provides a tool to monitor patients' outcomes in rehabilitation. Whether the EBI provides a unidimensional metric, thus can be reported as a valid sum-score, remains to be examined. Objective: To examine whether the EBI can be reported as unidimensional interval-scaled metric for neurological and musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Methods: Rasch analysis of a calibration sample of 800 cases from neurological or musculoskeletal rehabilitation in 2016 in Switzerland. Results: In the baseline analysis no fit to the Rasch Model was achieved. When accommodating local dependencies with a testlet approach satisfactory fit to the Rasch Model was achieved, and an interval scale transformation table was created. Conclusion: The results support the reporting of adapted EBI total scores for both rehabilitation groups by applying the interval scaled transformation table presented in this study.}, language = {en} }