@article{StuckiProdingerBickenbach2017, author = {Stucki, G. and Prodinger, Birgit and Bickenbach, J.}, title = {Four steps to follow when documenting functioning with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health}, series = {European Journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine}, volume = {53}, journal = {European Journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine}, number = {1}, pages = {144 -- 149}, year = {2017}, abstract = {In this methodological note on applying the ICF in rehabilitation, we introduce suitable tools that allow us to document comprehensively and systematically the lived experience of health to guide clinical practice, the management of services, evidence-informed policy and scientific inquiry. The objective of this methodological note is to present the currently available tools with respect to four questions: 1) what ICF domains to document; 2) what perspective to take; 3) what data collection tools to apply; and 4) which approach to use for reporting. The application of these tools is illustrated using the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury (SwiSCI) Cohort Study. Existing ICF Sets provide a practical approach for identifying the domains to document. One can document from the perspective of biological health, lived health, and appraised health. For identifying suitable data collection tools, either existing tools can be linked to the ICF or available ICF-based data collection tools can be used. For reporting, an interval scale metric is suggested. The four step approach presented provides users with a logical sequence to follow when planning the documentation of functioning using the ICF as a health information reference system in practice and research.}, language = {de} } @article{StanleyRogersForwelletal.2020, author = {Stanley, Mandy and Rogers, Sandra and Forwell, Sue and Hocking, Clare and Nayar, Shoba and Laliberte Rudman, Debbie and Prodinger, Birgit and Farias Vera, Lisette and Townsend, Elizabeth and Magalh{\~a}es, Lilian and Simaan, Juman and Reid, Heleen and Pols, Vee}, title = {A Pledge to Mobilize Against Racism}, series = {Journal of Occupational Science}, volume = {27}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Science}, number = {s1}, pages = {294 -- 295}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @article{StammVanderGiesenThorstenssonetal.2009, author = {Stamm, T. and Van der Giesen, F. and Thorstensson, C. and Steen, E. and Birrell, F. and Bauernfeind, B. and Marshall, N. and Prodinger, Birgit and Machold, K. and Smolen, J. and Kloppenburg, M.}, title = {Patient perspective of hand osteoarthritis in relation to concepts covered by instruments measuring functioning: a qualitative European multicentre study}, series = {Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases}, volume = {68}, journal = {Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases}, number = {9}, pages = {1453 -- 1460}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Objective: To explore whether the concepts important to patients with hand osteoarthritis (OA) are covered by the most commonly used instruments measuring functioning. Method: A qualitative multicentre study using a focus group technique was performed in five European countries: Austria, The Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The qualitative data analysis followed a modified form of "meaning condensation" and used the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a theoretical framework. Finally, the concepts from the focus groups were compared with the content of the most commonly used instruments which had been identified in an earlier theoretical analysis. Results: Fifty-six people (51 women, mean (SD) age 62.7 (7.9) years) with hand OA participated in this study in two focus groups per centre. 63 concepts were extracted from the focus groups. Twenty-one (33\%) of the 63 concepts were covered by at least one instrument. Psychological consequences, different qualities of pain, aesthetic changes and leisure activities are important concepts from the focus groups which were not covered by the instruments. The qualitative analysis revealed detailed descriptions of pain-concerning sensations, levels and a certain relation to activity, none of which were fully represented in the instruments routinely used. Conclusion: It was possible to combine the concepts of the focus groups from each centre into a common qualitative analysis. The concepts important to people with hand OA are not fully represented in the most commonly used instruments.}, language = {en} } @article{StammMacholdSmolenetal.2010, author = {Stamm, T. A. and Machold, K. P. and Smolen, J. and Prodinger, Birgit}, title = {Life stories of people with rheumatoid arthritis who retired early: how gender and other contextual factors shaped their everyday activities, including paid work}, series = {Musculoskeletal Care}, volume = {8}, journal = {Musculoskeletal Care}, number = {2}, pages = {78 -- 86}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Objective: The aim of the present study was to explore how contextual factors affect the everyday activities of women and men with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as evident in their life stories. Methods: Fifteen people with RA, who had retired early due to the disease, were interviewed up to three times, according to a narrative biographic interview style. The life stories of the participants, which were reconstructed from the biographical data and from the transcribed 'told story' were analysed from the perspective of contextual factors, including personal and environmental factors. The rigour and accuracy of the analysis were enhanced by reflexivity and peer-review of the results. Results: The life stories of the participants in this study reflected how contextual factors (such as gender, the healthcare system, the support of families and social and cultural values) shaped their everyday activities. In a society such as in Austria, which is based on traditional patriarchal values, men were presented with difficulties in developing a non-paid-work-related role. For women, if paid work had to be given up, they were more likely to engage in alternative challenging activities which enabled them to develop reflective skills, which in turn contributed to a positive and enriching perspective on their life stories. Health professionals may thus use some of the women's strategies to help men. Conclusion: Interventions by health professionals in people with RA may benefit from an approach sensitive to personal and environmental factors.}, language = {en} } @misc{SkudlikHirtDoeringeretal.2023, author = {Skudlik, Stefanie and Hirt, Julian and D{\"o}ringer, Tobias and Thalhammer, Regina and L{\"u}ftl, Katharina and Prodinger, Birgit and M{\"u}ller, Martin}, title = {Herausforderungen und Versorgungsstrategien im Kontext von Pflegeheimeinz{\"u}gen in Deutschland: Ein Scoping Review. Poster f{\"u}r den EbM-Kongress vom 22.-24. M{\"a}rz 2023 in Potsdam}, year = {2023}, language = {de} } @misc{SkudlikHirtDoeringeretal.2022, author = {Skudlik, Stefanie and Hirt, Julian and D{\"o}ringer, Tobias and Thalhammer, Regina and L{\"u}ftl, Katharina and Prodinger, Birgit and M{\"u}ller, Martin}, title = {Challenges and care strategies during the transition to nursing home in Germany: A scoping review. European Nursing Kongress am 5. Oktober 2022, online}, year = {2022}, language = {de} } @article{SkudlikHirtDoeringeretal.2023, author = {Skudlik, Stefanie and Hirt, Julian and D{\"o}ringer, Tobias and Thalhammer, Regina and L{\"u}ftl, Katharina and Prodinger, Birgit and M{\"u}ller, Martin}, title = {Challenges and care strategies associated with the admission to nursing homes in Germany: a scoping review}, series = {BMC Nursing}, volume = {22}, journal = {BMC Nursing}, doi = {10.1186/s12912-022-01139-y}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Background The admission to a nursing home is a critical life-event for affected persons as well as their families. Admission related processes are lacking adequate participation of older people and their families. To improve transitions to nursing homes, context- and country-specific knowledge about the current practice is needed. Hence, our aim was to summarize available evidence on challenges and care strategies associated with the admission to nursing homes in Germany. Methods We conducted a scoping review and searched eight major international and German-specific electronic databases for journal articles and grey literature published in German or English language since 1995. Further inclusion criteria were focus on challenges or care strategies in the context of nursing home admissions of older persons and comprehensive and replicable information on methods and results. Posters, only-abstract publications and articles dealing with mixed populations including younger adults were excluded. Challenges and care strategies were identified and analysed by structured content analysis using the TRANSCIT model. Results Twelve studies of 1,384 records were finally included. Among those, seven were qualitative studies, three quantitative observational studies and two mixed methods studies. As major challenges neglected participation of older people, psychosocial burden among family caregivers, inadequate professional cooperation and a lack of shared decision-making and evidence-based practice were identified. Identified care strategies included strengthening shared decision-making and evidence-based practice, improvement in professional cooperation, introduction of specialized transitional care staff and enabling participation for older people. Conclusion Although the process of nursing home admission is considered challenging and tends to neglect the needs of older people, little research is available for the German health care system. The perspective of the older people seems to be underrepresented, as most of the studies focused on caregivers and health professionals. Reported care strategies addressed important challenges, however, these were not developed and evaluated in a comprehensive and systematic way. Future research is needed to examine perspectives of all the involved groups to gain a comprehensive picture of the needs and challenges. Interventions based on existing care strategies should be systematically developed and evaluated to provide the basis of adequate support for older persons and their informal caregivers.}, language = {en} } @article{ShawProdingerJacobsetal.2010, author = {Shaw, L. and Prodinger, Birgit and Jacobs, K. and Shaw, N.}, title = {WORK: A historical evaluation of the impact and evolution of its editorial board}, series = {Work}, volume = {35}, journal = {Work}, number = {3}, pages = {247 -- 255}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Objectives: A historical review of the editorial board and the founding editor of WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment and Rehabilitation was conducted to examine the understanding of the editorship and contributions of this team to the knowledge in WORK. Participants: The team of four authors worked together to identify an approach to evaluate the contributions and impact of WORK's editorial board (EB) on the journal's scholarship. The editor-in-chief (EIC) and editorial board members were participants in this evaluation. Methods: Informative and formative evaluations were used to investigate how knowledge was shaped through the development of an epistemic community of scholars in the field of work. Metrics of the EB composition and participation in the journal as well as surveys and interviews with the board and the editor-in-chief were analyzed. Results: The EB represents an international community of scholars with a common interest in work and who contribute academically both within WORK and beyond. The epistemic community that has evolved through the editorial board represents a pluralistic perspective on work that is needed to inform practice, and knowledge. Conclusion: Future directions to continue to advance knowledge through WORK's editorial board and EIC are elaborated.}, language = {en} } @article{ShawJacobsRudmannetal.2012, author = {Shaw, L. and Jacobs, K. and Rudmann, D. and Magalhaes, L. and Huot, S. and Prodinger, Birgit and Mandich, A. and Hocking, C. and Akande, V. and Backmann, C. and Bossers, A. and Bragg, M. and Bryson, M. and Cowls, J. and Stone, S. D. and Dawe, E. and Dennhardt, S. and Dennis, D. and Foster, J. and Friesen, M. and Galheigo, S. and Gichuri, J. and Hughes, I. and Isaac, A. and Jarus, T. and Kinsella, A. and Klinger, L. and Leyshon, R. and Lysaght, R. and McKay, E. and Orchard, T. and Phelan, S. and Ravenek, M. and Gruhl, K. R. and Robb, L. and Stadnyk, R. and Sumsion, T. and Suto, M.}, title = {Directions for advancing the study of work transitions in the 21st century}, series = {Work}, volume = {41}, journal = {Work}, number = {4}, pages = {369 -- 377}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Objectives: The purpose of this article is to share the details, outcomes and deliverables from an international workshop on work transitions in London, Ontario, Canada. Participants: Researchers, graduate students, and community group members met to identity ways to advance the knowledge base of strategies to enhance work participation for those in the most disadvantaged groups within society. Methods: A participatory approach was used in this workshop with presentations by researchers and graduate students. This approach included dialogue and discussion with community members. In addition, small group dialogue and debate, world cafe discussions, written summaries of group discussion and reflection boards were used to bring new ideas to the discussion and to build upon what we know. Findings: Two research imperatives and six research recommendations were identified to advance global dialogue on work transitions and to advance the knowledge base. Occupational justice can be used to support future research directions in the study of work transitions. Conclusions: Moving forward requires a commitment of community of researchers, clinicians and stakeholders to address work disparities and implement solutions to promote participation in work.}, language = {en} } @article{ShawCampbellJacobsetal.2010, author = {Shaw, L. and Campbell, H. and Jacobs, K. and Prodinger, Birgit}, title = {Twenty years of Assessment in WORK: A narrative review}, series = {Work}, volume = {35}, journal = {Work}, number = {3}, pages = {257 -- 267}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Introduction: The aim of this review was to gain an understanding of the first 20 years of contributions to WORK within the assessment domain and to reflect on the perspectives underscoring this knowledge base. Method: A narrative review of assessment articles using the WORK ARTicle database was conducted. Assessment articles were searched using issues from 1990 to 2009. Descriptive data was analyzed to examine historical trends of the specific types and dimensions of articles, the regional location of the contributions, and the methodological accordance. A reflective process was used by an editorial board member of WORK to inductively interpret perspectives and contextual issues that underpinned the evolution of the assessment domain in WORK. Results: Over half of N= 108 of the articles on assessment in WORK focused on establishing or reporting reliability and validity of assessments used in clinical practice or evaluation research. The majority of the assessment articles were predominantly focused on the person. Contributions of articles were from 5 regions: North America, Europe, Australia, Asia and Africa. Conclusions: Assessment articles in WORK have contributed to the development of evidence to support assessment of the worker. These articles represent a knowledge base that emphasizes evidence-based assessments to evaluate what a person can and cannot do to participate in work. Efforts are needed to expand knowledge generation in assessment to include more evaluations on the workplace and occupation dimensions, and that also considers the worker in context.}, language = {en} } @article{SenjuMukainoProdingeretal.2021, author = {Senju, Y and Mukaino, M and Prodinger, Birgit and Selb, M and Okouchi, Y and Mizutani, K and Suzuki, M and Yamada, S and Izumi, SI and Sonoda, S and Otaka, Y and Saitoh, E and Stucki, G}, title = {Development of a clinical tool for rating the body function categories of the ICF generic-30/rehabilitation set in Japanese rehabilitation practice and examination of its interrater reliability}, series = {BMC Medical Research Methodology}, volume = {21}, journal = {BMC Medical Research Methodology}, number = {1}, pages = {121}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Background: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) Generic-30 (Rehabilitation) Set is a tool used to assess the functioning of a clinical population in rehabilitation. The ICF Generic-30 consists of nine ICF categories from the component "body functions" and 21 from the component "activities and participation". This study aimed to develop a rating reference guide for the nine body function categories of the ICF Generic-30 Set using a predefined, structured process and to examine the interrater reliability of the ratings using the rating reference guide. Methods: The development of the first version of the rating reference guide involved the following steps: (1) a trial of rating patients by several raters; (2) cognitive interviews with each rater to analyze the thought process involved in each rating; (3) the drafting of the rating reference guide by a multidisciplinary panel; and (4) a review by ICF specialists to confirm consistency with the ICF. Subsequently, we conducted a first field test to gain insight into the use of the guide in practice. The reference guide was modified based on the raters' feedback in the field test, and an inter-rater reliability test was conducted thereafter. Interrater agreement was evaluated using weighted kappa statistics with linear weights. Results: The first version of the rating reference guide was successfully developed and tested. The weighted kappa coefficient in the field testing ranged from 0.25 to 0.92. The interrater reliability testing of the rating reference guide modified based on the field test results yielded an improved weighted kappa coefficient ranging from 0.53 to 0.78. Relative improvements in the weighted kappa coefficients were observed in seven out of the nine categories. Consequently, seven out of nine categories were found to have a weighted kappa coefficient of 0.61 or higher. Conclusions: In this study, we developed and modified a rating reference guide for the body function categories of the ICF Generic-30 Set. The interrater reliability test using the final version of the rating reference guide showed moderate to substantial interrater agreement, which encouraged the use of the ICF in rehabilitation practice.}, language = {en} } @article{SelbGimiglianoProdingeretal.2017, author = {Selb, M. and Gimigliano, F. and Prodinger, Birgit and Stucki, G. and Pestelli, G. and Iocco, M. and Boldrini, P.}, title = {Toward an International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health clinical data collection tool: The Italian experience of developing simple, intuitive descriptions of the Rehabilitation Set categories}, series = {European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine}, volume = {53}, journal = {European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine}, number = {2}, pages = {290 -- 298}, year = {2017}, abstract = {As part of international efforts to develop and implement national models including the specification of ICF-based clinical data collection tools, the Italian rehabilitation community initiated a project to develop simple, intuitive descriptions of the ICF Rehabilitation Set, highlighting the core concept of each category in user-friendly language. This paper outlines the Italian experience in developing simple, intuitive descriptions of the ICF Rehabilitation Set as an ICF-based clinical data collection tool for Italy.Consensus process.Expert conference. Multidisciplinary group of rehabilitation professionals.The first of a two-stage consensus process involved developing an initial proposal for simple, intuitive descriptions of each ICF Rehabilitation Set category based on descriptions generated in a similar process in China. Stage two involved a consensus conference. Divided into three working groups, participants discussed and voted (vote A) whether the initially proposed descriptions of each ICF Rehabilitation Set category was simple and intuitive enough for use in daily practice. Afterwards the categories with descriptions considered ambiguous i.e. not simple and intuitive enough, were divided among the working groups, who were asked to propose a new description for the allocated categories. These proposals were then voted (vote B) on in a plenary session. The last step of the consensus conference required each working group to develop a new proposal for each and the same categories with descriptions still considered ambiguous. Participants then voted (final vote) for which of the three proposed descriptions they preferred.Nineteen clinicians from diverse rehabilitation disciplines from various regions of Italy participated in the consensus process. Three ICF categories already achieved consensus in vote A, while 20 ICF categories were accepted in vote B. The remaining 7 categories were decided in the final vote.The findings were discussed in light of current efforts toward developing strategies for ICF implementation, specifically for the application of an ICF-based clinical data collection tool, not only for Italy but also for the rest of Europe. Promising as minimal standards for monitoring the impact of interventions and for standardized reporting of functioning as a relevant outcome in rehabilitation.}, language = {en} } @article{ReinhardtZhangProdingeretal.2016, author = {Reinhardt, J. D. and Zhang, X. and Prodinger, Birgit and Ehrmann-Bostan, C. and Selb, M. and Stucki, G. and Li, J.}, title = {Toward the system-wide implementation of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in routine clinical practice: Empirical findigns of a pilot study from Mainland China}, series = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, volume = {48}, journal = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, number = {6}, pages = {515 -- 521}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Objective: The aims of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Generic Set in routine clinical practice, and of creating a functioning score based on it, and, subsequently, to examine its sensitivity to change. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, data from 761 adult inpatients from 21 Chinese hospitals were analysed. Each patient was assessed at admission and discharge. Feasibility was evaluated by analysing mean assessment time. The Rasch model was used to create a metric of functioning. Sensitivity to change was analysed with mixed-effects regression and by calculating standardized effect size based on Cohen's f2. Results: Mean duration of assessment was 5.3 min, with a significant decrease between admission and discharge. After removal of the item remunerative employment, the remaining ICF Generic Set categories fitted the Rasch model well. With a mean improvement in functioning of 12.1 (95\% confidence interval (95\% CI): 11.5-12.6), this metric proved sensitive to change, both in terms of statistical significance (p < 0.001) and standardized effect size (Cohen's f2 = 2.35). Discussion: The ICF Generic Set is feasible for use in routine clinical practice and is promising to serve as the basis for the development of a functioning score that is sensitive to change.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerWeiseShawetal.2010, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Weise, A. P. and Shaw, L. and Stamm, T. A.}, title = {A Delphi study on Environmental Factors that impact work and social life participation of individuals with Multiple Sclerosis in Austria and Switzerland}, series = {Disability and Rehabilitation}, volume = {32}, journal = {Disability and Rehabilitation}, number = {3}, pages = {183 -- 195}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Purpose: This study aimed to gain knowledge about environmental factors (EFs) that impact work and social life participation of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) in Austria and Switzerland to extend the knowledge of participation and to identify key areas for measuring participation. Method: A three-round Delphi study was conducted defining patients as experts. In the 1st round, qualitative data was gathered through questionnaires, analyzed with content analysis, and factors were assigned to EFs as classified in the ICF. In the 2nd and 3rd round, experts judged EFs according to its relevance to obtain consensus (cut-off 75\%). Categories were ranked on a scale from mostly important to important. Results: One hundred and twelve Austrian and 109 Swiss experts were recruited. The content analysis revealed 768 EFs. The study resulted in a list of 176 consensus factors for Austria and 177 Switzerland. Five categories revealed to be highly important, 12 moderately important, 6 fairly important, and 10 important. Conclusions: This study indicates that participation in work or social life is influenced by physical, social, attitudinal, and policy factors. Consensus factors afford insights into areas for consideration in the development of participation outcome measurements and support a comprehensive and inclusive rehabilitation approach.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerTurner2013, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Turner, S. M.}, title = {Using institutional ethnography to explore how social policies infiltrate into daily life}, series = {Journal of Occupational Science}, volume = {20}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Science}, number = {4}, pages = {357 -- 369}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The paper demonstrates how institutional ethnography provides a way forward for occupational scientists to understand how social policies shape and infiltrate people's daily lives and work. Institutional ethnography is a method of inquiry that starts in individual's experiences and from there traces how their experiences are coordinated to and become shaped within particular organizational processes and social relations. In this paper, we are specifically interested in how social policies, as higher order texts, shape the organizational processes and service agents' work at Labor Market Offices, and enter into the organization of people's everyday activities. We want to make visible how particular policies enter into the organization of the daily lives of women with rheumatoid arthritis who apply for unemployment benefits and 'regulate' what they can or may have to do, even though higher order policy texts are not immediately visible or actively referred to in the setting. We learn from the experiences of two women, who are of employable age, have been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, and live in a mid-sized city in Austria.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerTennantStuckietal.2016, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Tennant, A. and Stucki, G. and Cieza, A. and {\"U}st{\"u}n, T.B.}, title = {Harmonizing routinely collected health information for strengthening quality management in health systems: requirements and practice}, series = {Journal of Health Services Research \& Policy}, volume = {21}, journal = {Journal of Health Services Research \& Policy}, number = {4}, pages = {223 -- 228}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Objective Our aim was to specify the requirements of an architecture to serve as the foundation for standardized reporting of health information and to provide an exemplary application of this architecture. Methods The World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) served as the conceptual framework. Methods to establish content comparability were the ICF Linking Rules. The Rasch measurement model, as a special case of additive conjoint measurement, which satisfies the required criteria for fundamental measurement, allowed for the development of a common metric foundation for measurement unit conversion. Secondary analysis of data from the North Yorkshire Survey was used to illustrate these methods. Patients completed three instruments and the items were linked to the ICF. The Rasch measurement model was applied, first to each scale, and then to items across scales which were linked to a common domain. Results Based on the linking of items to the ICF, the majority of items were grouped into two domains, Mobility and Self-care. Analysis of the individual scales and of items linked to a common domain across scales satisfied the requirements of the Rasch measurement model. The measurement unit conversion between items from the three instruments linked to the Mobility and Self-care domains, respectively, was demonstrated. Conclusions The realization of an ICF-based architecture for information on patients' functioning enables harmonization of health information while allowing clinicians and researchers to continue using their existing instruments. This architecture will facilitate access to comprehensive and consistently reported health information to serve as the foundation for informed decision-making.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerTennantStucki2018, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Tennant, A. and Stucki, G.}, title = {Standardized reporting of functioning information on ICF-based common metrics}, series = {European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine}, volume = {54}, journal = {European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine}, number = {1}, pages = {110 -- 117}, year = {2018}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: In clinical practice and research a variety of clinical data collection tools are used to collect information on people's functioning for clinical practice and research and national health information systems. Reporting on ICF-based common metrics enables standardized documentation of functioning information in national health information systems. The objective of this methodological note on applying the ICF in rehabilitation is to demonstrate how to report functioning information collected with a data collection tool on ICF-based common metrics. We first specify the requirements for the standardized reporting of functioning information. Secondly, we introduce the methods needed for transforming functioning data to ICF-based common metrics. Finally, we provide an example. METHODS: The requirements for standardized reporting are as follows: 1) having a common conceptual framework to enable content comparability between any health information; and 2) a measurement framework so that scores between two or more clinical data collection tools can be directly compared. The methods needed to achieve these requirements are the ICF Linking Rules and the Rasch measurement model. Using data collected incorporating the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), and the Stroke Impact Scale 3.0 (SIS 3.0), the application of the standardized reporting based on common metrics is demonstrated. RESULTS: A subset of items from the three tools linked to common chapters of the ICF (d4 Mobility, d5 Self-care and d6 Domestic life), were entered as "super items" into the Rasch model. Good fit was achieved with no residual local dependency and a unidimensional metric. A transformation table allows for comparison between scales, and between a scale and the reporting common metric. CONCLUSIONS: Being able to report functioning information collected with commonly used clinical data collection tools with ICF-based common metrics enables clinicians and researchers to continue using their tools while still being able to compare and aggregate the information within and across tools.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerTaylor2018, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Taylor, Paul}, title = {Improving quality of care through patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs): expert interviews using the NHS PROMs Programme and the Swedish quality registers for knee and hip arthroplasty as examples}, series = {BMC Health Services Research}, volume = {18}, journal = {BMC Health Services Research}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, pages = {87}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Background: Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) have been integrated in national quality registries or specific national monitoring initiatives to inform the improvement of quality of care on a national scale. However there are many unanswered questions, such as: how these systems are set up, whether they lead to improved quality of care, which stakeholders use the information once it is available. The aim of this study was to examine supporting and hindering factors relevant to integrating patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in selected health information systems (HIS) tailored toward improving quality of care across the entire health system. Methods: First, a systematic search and review was conducted to outline previously identified factors relevant to the integration of PROMs in the selected HIS. A social network analysis was performed to identify networks of experts in these systems. Second, expert interviews were conducted to discuss and elaborate on the identified factors. Directive content analysis was applied using a HIS Evaluation Framework as the frame of reference. This framework is structured into four components: Organization, Human, Technology, and Net benefits. Results: The literature review revealed 37 papers for the NHS PROMs Programme and 26 papers for the SHPR and SKAR: Five networks of researchers were identified for the NHS PROMs Programme and 1 for the SHPR and SKAR. Seven experts related to the NHS PROMs Programme and 3 experts related to the SKAR and SHPR participated in the study. The main themes which revealed in relation to Organization were Governance and Capacity building; to Human: Reporting and Stakeholder Engagement; to Technology: the Selection and Collection of PROMs and Data linkage. In relation to Net benefits, system-specific considerations are presented. Conclusion: Both examples succeeded in integrating PROMs into HIS on a national scale. The lack of an established standard on what change PROMs should be achieved by an intervention limits their usefulness for monitoring quality of care. Whether the PROMs data collected within these systems can be used in routine clinical practice is considered a challenge in both countries.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerStuckiCoenenetal.2019, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Stucki, G. and Coenen, M. and Tennant, A.}, title = {The measurement of functioning using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: comparing qualifier ratings with existing health status instruments}, series = {Disability and Rehabilitation}, volume = {41}, journal = {Disability and Rehabilitation}, number = {5}, pages = {541 -- 548}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Background: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health is the international standard for describing and monitoring functioning. While the categories, the units of the classification, were not designed with measurement in mind, the hierarchical structure of the classification lends itself to the possibility of summating categories into some higher order domain. Focusing on the chapters of d4 Mobility, d5 Self-Care and d6 Domestic Life, this study seeks to ascertain if qualifiers rating of categories (0-No problem to 4-Complete problem) within those chapters can be summated, and whether such derived measurement is consistent with estimates obtained from well-known instruments which purport to measure the same constructs. Methods: The current study applies secondary analysis to data previously collected in the context of validating Core Sets for stroke, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis. Data included qualifier-based ratings of the categories in the Core Sets, and the physical functioning sub-scale of the Short-Form 36, and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. To examine qualifier-comparator scale item agreement Kappa statistics were used. To identify whether appropriate gradients of the comparator scales were observed across qualifier levels, an Independent Sample Median Test of the ordinal scores was deployed. To investigate the internal validity of the summated ICF categories, the Rasch model was applied. Results: Data from 2,927 subjects from Europe, Australasia, Middle East and South America were available for analysis; 36.3\% had experienced a stroke, 35.8\% osteoarthritis, and 27.9\% had rheumatoid arthritis. The items from the Short-Form 36 could not match directly the qualifier categories as the former had only 3 response options. The Kappa between World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 items and categories was low. For all qualifiers, a significant (<0.001) overall gradient was observed across the comparator scales. Only in few of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 items could no discrete level be detected. The aggregation of the qualifiers at the Chapter and higher order levels mostly revealed fit to the Rasch model. Almost all ICF qualifiers showed ordered thresholds suggesting that the current structure and response options of the qualifiers worked as intended. Conclusions: The findings of this study provide supporting evidence for the use of the professionally rated categories and associated qualifiers to measure functioning. Implication for Rehabilitation - This study provides evidence that functioning data can be collected directly with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) by using the ICF categories as items and the ICF qualifiers as rating scale. - The findings of this study show the aggregated ratings of ICF categories from the chapters d4 Mobility, d5 Self-care, and d6 Domestic life capture a broader spectrum of the construct than the corresponding summated items from the SF36-Physical Function sub-scale and the corresponding items of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. - This study illustrates the potential of building quantitative measurement by aggregating ICF categories and their qualifier ratings into meaningful domains.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerStammPeterssonetal.2016, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Stamm, T. and Petersson, D. and Stucki, G. and Tennant, A.}, title = {Toward a standardized reporting of outcomes in hand osteoarthritis: Developing a common metric of outcome measures commonly used to assess functioning.}, series = {Arthritis Care \& Research}, volume = {68}, journal = {Arthritis Care \& Research}, number = {8}, pages = {1115 -- 1127}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Objective Functioning is an important outcome in hand osteoarthritis (OA). The heterogeneity of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) available challenges the direct comparability of information collected by these instruments. This study aimed to examine whether it is possible to achieve metric equivalence of PROMs commonly used to measure functioning in people with hand OA. Methods A secondary analysis of data from 253 persons who participated in the Vienna Hand Osteoarthritis Cohort Study was conducted applying the Rasch measurement model. Participants completed the Health Assessment Questionnaire, the Australian/Canadian Index for Hand Osteoarthritis, the Functional Index for Hand Osteoarthritis (FIHOA), and the Cochin Scale. The assumptions of stochastic ordering, local independence, unidimensionality, and invariance were tested for each scale independently before the scales were co-calibrated onto a common metric. Results Except for the FIHOA, all measures indicated issues of local dependency in the initial analyses. After accommodating those with testlets, all scales satisfied the assumptions of the Rasch model (χ2 > 0.05). Marginal misfit in 2 items was found in the FIHOA, but this did not disturb person estimates. As the 4 scales form a common metric that satisfies the assumptions of the Rasch model, the scores can be equated. Conclusion The scores of the 4 hand function measures can be transformed to a common 0-100 metric, such that scores can be interchanged. A user-friendly transformation table enables clinicians and researchers to have access to the common metric by simply adding up the total score for each instrument and identifying the corresponding transformed score on the common metric.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerStamm2012, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Stamm, T. A.}, title = {The emergence of Occupational Science in Austria: An insider perspective}, series = {Journal of Occupational Science}, volume = {19}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Science}, number = {2}, pages = {127 -- 137}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Occupational science has been discussed in terms of its relation to occupational therapy, its philosophical and theoretical foundations, and its international and interdisciplinary character over the past years. The disciplinary identity of occupational science in non-English speaking countries has not yet been debated in the literature. The aim of this article is to discuss occupational science as an emergent discipline in Austria, a German-speaking country. The discussion is divided into two parts. In the first part we engage in critical reflexivity to explicate the current development of occupational science in Austria by reviewing the disciplinary and historical context of occupational science and the related profession of occupational therapy, the educational and institutional influences as well as the influence of language. In the second part, we illustrate that occupational science is an emerging discipline in Austria by drawing on an ongoing research project: the Gender, Occupational Balance, and Immunology Study. By making explicit how occupational science has emerged, from our insider perspective, we aim to contribute to the further development of the disciplinary identity of occupational science nationally and internationally.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerStamm2010, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Stamm, T. A.}, title = {Self-reflection as a means for personal transformation: An analysis of women's life stories living with a chronic disease}, series = {Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research}, volume = {11}, journal = {Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research}, number = {4}, year = {2010}, abstract = {The aim of this secondary analysis is to explicate taken-for-granted practices in the health care system in which the life stories of six women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are embedded. A secondary analysis of life stories of six women with RA, which were assigned to a typology named "rheumatoid arthritis as a source for new challenges" (STAMM et al., 2008) in the primary narrative study, was conducted. The theoretical framework applied for the analysis was informed by feminist standpoint theory and feminist philosophy. In the present analysis, each of the women challenged established health care practices and the cognitive authority of medicine at a certain point in their life story reflections. Becoming more conscious about health care practices enabled the women to acknowledge their own knowledge and to make choices about their health. The findings challenge health care providers to engage in critical reflexivity to become conscious about and to transform taken-for-granted practices as embedded in larger systems and to create health care environments that enable dialogue between clients and health care providers.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerShawStammetal.2014, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Shaw, L. and Stamm, T. and Rudman, D. L.}, title = {Enacting occupation-based practice: Exploring the disjuncture between everyday life of mothers with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and institutional processes}, series = {British Journal of Occupational Therapy}, volume = {77}, journal = {British Journal of Occupational Therapy}, number = {10}, pages = {491 -- 498}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Introduction: Occupation-based approaches are a hallmark of excellence in occupational therapy practice. This article focuses on the disjuncture between how women with rheumatoid arthritis go about their daily lives, that is to say their occupations, and what is addressed during routine visits at a specialized rheumatology outpatient clinic. Method: Institutional ethnography was employed as a method of inquiry to identify the occupations and related issues that were or were not accounted for in health records and addressed within institutional processes. Interviews and participant observations were conducted with seven women with rheumatoid arthritis who were mothers. Hospital records were analysed as texts mediating between the women's daily lives and the rheumatology outpatient clinic. Findings: The analysis revealed that despite the diversity in the ways that the women managed their daily lives, the things that they did were viewed, understood, and addressed only within the boundaries of the standardizing relations that ruled practice in this clinical setting. Institutional processes grounded in biomedical concepts such as functional status or disease activity, as well as clinical assessments that depict these concepts, both shape and limit opportunities for occupational therapists to advance and enact occupation-based practice. Conclusion: In this setting, the complexity of the participants' daily lives and the occupations they engage in remain unaddressed.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerShawRudmanetal.2012, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Shaw, L. and Rudman, D. L. and Townsend, E.}, title = {Arthritis-related occupational therapy: Making invisible ruling relations visible using institutional ethnography}, series = {British Journal of Occupational Therapy}, volume = {75}, journal = {British Journal of Occupational Therapy}, number = {10}, pages = {463 -- 470}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Introduction: Occupational therapists' intention of enabling women with rheumatoid arthritis to participate in everyday life is fraught with challenges in everyday practice. Method: Inspired by institutional ethnography, this paper aims to make explicit how the work of occupational therapists in an outpatient rheumatology hospital setting is governed within invisible, ruling relations. An analytical description of the first author's clinical experience was a standpoint from which to explicate how occupational therapy is coordinated to the ruling relations of the Austrian health care system. Findings: Occupational therapy practice and research are ruled within a positivist, body-focused, medical apparatus, which renders largely invisible occupational therapists' knowledge of enabling people to engage in occupations that are meaningful to them. Conclusion: Occupational therapists have professional power that can be asserted by strategically using occupational therapy specific knowledge and language in textually mediated practices, from assessments and case files to media images, to give greater visibility and influence to the profession's work of enabling occupation.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerShawRudmanetal.2014, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Shaw, L. and Rudman, D. L. and Stamm, T.}, title = {Negotiating disability in everyday life: Ethnographical accounts of women with rheumatoid arthritis}, series = {Disability and Rehabilitation}, volume = {36}, journal = {Disability and Rehabilitation}, number = {6}, pages = {497 -- 503}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Purpose: Drawing on data from a larger study, the aim of this paper is to illuminate how the everyday doings of women with disabilities are coordinated to and shaped by organizational processes and social context, particularly as these relate to the potential of being labelled disabled. Methods: An institutional ethnography was conducted with seven Austrian women diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Interviews and participant observations were conducted, and texts about the historical development of disability policies were identified. Data analysis included grouping similar doings of participants together to subsequently explore links between what the women did and how their doings are shaped by disability policies and the social context. Results: The women, who participated in this study, spent time and effort to keep the disease invisible, resist disability and negotiate a disability pass. By drawing upon the historical development of Austrian disability policies, the interpretation reveals how this development infiltrates into participants' lives and shapes their everyday doing. Conclusion: This study furthers understanding of how broader policies and practices, shaped over historical time, infiltrate into the daily lives of women with disabilities. It illustrates how full participation may not necessarily be a lived reality for people with disabilities at this point in Austria. Implications for Rehabilitation Maximising full participation for people with rheumatoid arthritis is important. This requires focusing not only on the bodily health of people with rheumatoid arthritis but also on their interaction with the social, cultural and political context in their daily lives. This requires also understanding how knowledge about disability is passed on from previous generations.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerScheelSailerEscorpizoetal.2017, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Scheel-Sailer, A. and Escorpizo, R. and Stucki, G.}, title = {UEMS-PRM ICF workshop moderators and rapporteurs. (2017) European initiative for the application of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: Development of Clinical Assessment Schedules for specified rehabilitation services}, series = {European Journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine}, volume = {53}, journal = {European Journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine}, number = {2}, pages = {319 -- 332}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Clinical assessment schedule (CLAS) is a core part of the ICF-based implementation of functioning reporting across health conditions and along the continuum of care. The Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Section and Board of the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS PRM) workshop held in January 2016 aimed to develop and specify a CLAS within the context of rehabilitation services. UEMS PRM Workshop in Nottwil, Switzerland, January 2016.PRM physicians representatives from 12 European countries, as well as Israel and Japan, mostly delegates of UEMS PRM Section and Board, and experts with other rehabilitation professional backgrounds.Participants were divided into 6 working groups and asked to specify what functioning aspects would be essential to document using the available ICF sets for the identified rehabilitation services contained in the newly developed service classification (ICSO-R): acute, post-acute and long-term rehabilitation services. The 7 ICF Generic and 23 Rehabilitation Set categories were confirmed as well as specific health condition categories for acute rehabilitation services (mobile team), for postacute rehabilitation services (general outpatient rehabilitation, musculoskeletal and neurological rehabilitation, as well as specialized SCI rehabilitation), and for long-term rehabilitation services (day clinic and rehabilitation provided in the community). While general principles of the CLAS were defined, the need to align the CLAS for a specific service, as well as across services along the continuum of care was highlighted. All groups deliberated on this topic; however, no conclusive statement was presented yet.The groups recognized a need for a systematic effort to identify data collection tools currently used.CLASs will serve in the future to ensure that functioning information is systematically and consistently collected across services, and thus respond also to various global reports and initiatives which stress the need for improving data collection on people's functioning.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerSalzbergerStuckietal.2011, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Salzberger, T. and Stucki, G. and Stamm, T. and Cieza, A.}, title = {Measuring Functioning in People with Fibromyalgia (FM) Based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)—A Psychometric Analysis}, series = {Pain Practice}, volume = {12}, journal = {Pain Practice}, number = {4}, pages = {255 -- 265}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Objectives: Instruments to assess functioning in patients with FM vary considerably in their content and are often symptom-specific. This study aimed to examine whether it is feasible to construct a psychometric-sound clinical instrument to measure functioning in FM based on the Brief ICF-Core-Set for chronic widespread pain (CWP). Methods: Two hundred and fifty six people with FM completed the Brief ICF-Core-Set. The Rasch model was used for analysis. Once ordering of response options of ICF categories was ensured, the following properties were studied: fit of the ICF categories to the Rasch model, the targeting between ICF categories and a person's abilities, unidimensionality, and reliability. Results: Six ICF categories were rescored due to disordered thresholds. Five ICF categories were removed due to high model-misfit and differential item functioning (DIF) for gender. Scores from 46 participants were excluded due to extreme scores. The ICF categories included display consistency with an underlying unidimensional construct, are free of DIF for age, disease duration and gender, display excellent overall reliability, and cover a range of functioning difficulties. Conclusions: This study illustrates that it is possible to measure functioning as a unidimensional construct based on selected ICF categories from the components body functions, as well as activities and participation of the Brief ICF-Core-Set for CWP in patients with FM.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerRudmanShaw2015, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Rudman, D. L. and Shaw, L.}, title = {Institutional ethnography: Studying the situated nature of human occupation}, series = {Journal of Occupational Science}, volume = {22}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Science}, number = {1}, pages = {71 -- 81}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Institutional ethnographers and occupational scientists share a common interest in studying what people do in their daily lives. Institutional ethnographers start inquiry at the standpoint of people as they are situated in the actualities of everyday life and then turn their gaze from the individual to the social. We aim to outline in this paper some key tenets of institutional ethnography to argue its relevance for studying human occupation. More specifically, we posit that institutional ethnography provides a promising social theory and method to further understandings of the situated nature of human occupation.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerReinhardSelbetal.2016, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Reinhard, J.D. and Selb, M. and Stucki, G. and Yan, T. and Zhang, C. and Li, J.}, title = {Towards system-wide implementation of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) in routine practice: Developing simple, intuitive descriptions of ICF categories in the ICF Generic and Rehabilitation Set}, series = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, volume = {48}, journal = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, number = {6}, pages = {508 -- 514}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Objective: A national, multi-phase, consensus process to develop simple, intuitive descriptions of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) categories contained in the ICF Generic and Rehabilitation Sets, with the aim of enhancing the utility of the ICF in routine clinical practice, is presented in this study. Methods: A multi-stage, national, consensus process was conducted. The consensus process involved 3 expert groups and consisted of a preparatory phase, a consensus conference with consecutive working groups and 3 voting rounds (votes A, B and C), followed by an implementation phase. In the consensus conference, participants first voted on whether they agreed that an initially developed proposal for simple, intuitive descriptions of an ICF category was in fact simple and intuitive. Results: The consensus conference was held in August 2014 in mainland China. Twenty-one people with a background in physical medicine and rehabilitation participated in the consensus process. Four ICF categories achieved consensus in vote A, 16 in vote B, and 8 in vote C. Discussion: This process can be seen as part of a larger effort towards the system-wide implementation of the ICF in routine clinical and rehabilitation practice to allow for the regular and comprehensive evaluation of health outcomes most relevant for the monitoring of quality of care.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerRastallKalraetal.2018, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Rastall, Paul and Kalra, Dipak and Wooldridge, Darren and Carpenter, Iain}, title = {Documenting Routinely What Matters to People: Standardized Headings for Health Records of Patients with Chronic Health Conditions}, series = {Applied Clinical Informatics}, volume = {9}, journal = {Applied Clinical Informatics}, number = {2}, editor = {Thieme E-Journals,}, pages = {348 -- 365}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Objective Specifying the content in electronic health records (EHRs) through standardized headings based on international reference classifications will facilitate their semantic interoperability. The objective of this study was to specify potential chapter headings for EHRs aligned with the World Health Organization's (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) based on the perspectives of people living with chronic health conditions, carers, and professionals. Methods A multistage process was established including (1) a patient workshop, (2) an online survey of both patients and carers, and (3) an online consultation with patient and professional bodies. The ICF served as a starting point. Based on the first stage, a first draft of the headings was developed and further refined based on the feedback at each stage. We examined in a fourth step whether items from existing assessment tools support the operationalization of the identified headings. Therefore, we used the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS2.0), a patient-reported instrument, and interRAI, a clinician-administered instrument. Results The first workshop was attended by eight people, the survey was completed by 250 persons, and the online consultation received detailed feedback by 18 professional bodies. This study resulted in 16 potential chapter headings for EHRs which capture aspects related to the body, such as emotions, motivation, sleep, and memory or thoughts, to being involved in social life, such as mobility, social activities, and finances, as well as to the care process, such as understanding of health issues and treatment or care priorities and goals. When using the WHODAS2.0 and interRAI together, they capture all except one of the proposed headings. Conclusion The identified headings provide a high level structure for the standardized recording, use, and sharing of information. Once implemented, these headings have the potential to facilitate the delivery of personalized care planning for patients with long-term health problems.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerO'ConnorStuckietal.2017, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and O'Connor, R.J. and Stucki, G. and Tennant, A.}, title = {Establishing score equivalence of the Functional Independence Measure (FIM™) motor scale and the Barthel Index, utilising the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and Rasch Measurement Theory}, series = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, volume = {49}, journal = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, number = {5}, pages = {416 -- 422}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Introduction: Two widely used outcome measures to assess functioning in neurological rehabilitation are the Functional Independence Measure (FIM™) and the Barthel Index. The current study aims to establish the equivalence of the total score of the FIM™ motor scale and the Barthel Index through the application of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, and Rasch measurement theory. Methods: Secondary analysis of a large sample of patients with stroke, spinal cord injury, and multiple sclerosis, undergoing rehabilitation was conducted. All patients were assessed at the same time on both the FIM™ and the Barthel Index. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Linking Rules were used to establish conceptual coherency between the 2 scales, and the Rasch measurement model to establish an exchange of the total scores. Results: Using the FIM™ motor scale, items from both scales linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health d4 Mobility or d5 Self-care chapters. Their co-calibration satisfied the assumptions of the Rasch model for each of 3 diagnostic groups. A ceiling effect was observed for the Barthel Index when contrasted against the FIM™ motor scale. Conclusion: Having a Rasch interval metric to transform scores between the FIM™ motor scale and Barthel Index is valuable for monitoring functioning, meta-analysis, quality audits and hospital benchmarking.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerNdosiNordenskioeldetal.2015, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Ndosi, M. and Nordenski{\"o}ld, U. and Stamm, T. and Persson, G. and Andreasson, I. and Lundgren-Nilsson, A.}, title = {Rehabilitation provided to patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A comparison of three different Rheumatology clinics in Austria, Sweden and the UK from the perspectives of patients and health professionals}, series = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, volume = {47}, journal = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, number = {2}, pages = {174 -- 182}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Objective: To explore patients' and health professionals' views of outpatient rehabilitation services for patients with rheumatoid arthritis in 3 different rheumatology sites across Europe. Methods: A qualitative multi-method study was conducted with patients and health professionals in Vienna (Austria), Gothenburg (Sweden) and Leeds (UK). Data collection was carried out during focus groups with patients and health professionals. Patients' hospital records were integrated into the analysis. Data were analysed for site and findings were compared across sites. Results: A total of 20 patients and 20 health professionals participated in 12 focus groups. Although the 3 sites were all publicly funded university clinics, there were differences between sites regarding the structure and content of rehabilitation services. The themes that emerged in the focus groups were: referrals; continuity in rehabilitation; information provided to patients; patients' organizations; documentation and communication amongst health professionals; interface between primary and specialist care; and prescription practices. Most themes were addressed at all 3 sites, but there were variations in the specifics within themes. Conclusion: Integration of patients' and health professionals' views on how rehabilitation services are coordinated and how (parts of) processes are set up elsewhere provide valuable information for the further optimization of rehabilitation services.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerMagalhaes2010, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Magalhaes, L.}, title = {Advancing knowledge in work-related rehabilitation - Review of research published in the journal of WORK}, series = {Work}, volume = {35}, journal = {Work}, number = {3}, pages = {301 -- 318}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Objective: Many studies published in the journal WORK in the recent decades have discussed work and employment trends. However, the dimensions of these contributions over time have not been reviewed. The main objective of this study was to investigate the knowledge development in regard to work-related rehabilitation in WORK over the last two decades. Methods: A scoping review was conducted using the following five stages: (i) identifying research question, (ii) identifying relevant studies, (iii) study selection, (iv) charting, summarizing, and collating the data, and (v) reporting the results. Studies were selected from the WORK Article Database. Results: Seventy-five relevant studies were identified. The findings reflect that WORK has published papers from across the world, with most of the studies from the United States, Sweden, Canada, and Hong Kong. The complexity and multi-factorial nature of work-related rehabilitation was reflected in the application of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed method research approaches, as well as case studies. Study participants were characterized by work, and non-work related injuries, systematic diseases/chronic illness, fulfilled certain socio-demographic characteristic, and represented various stakeholders. Fewer studies drew on secondary resources. In the findings one re-occurring theme has been noted: 'maintaining/obtaining/returning to secure and stable employment/work'. Conclusions: Four key-reflections evolved from this scoping review that provide potential avenues for future research. These key-reflections include (i) the national, transnational and international dimension of the reviewed studies, (ii) the various societal levels informing work-related rehabilitation practices, (iii) the diversity of methodologies applied in current research, and (iv) the variability of terminology used within the reviewed studies. The journal WORK has published a variety of research over the last two decades and contributed significantly to our current understanding of work-related rehabilitation. However, further research in these reflective areas would expand the current knowledge base.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerKuecuekdeveciKutlayetal.2020, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and K{\"u}{\c{c}}{\"u}kdeveci, AA and Kutlay, S and Elhan, AH and Kreiner, S and Tennant, A}, title = {Cross-diagnostic scale-banking using Rasch analysis: Developing a common reference metric for generic and health condition-specific scales in people with rheumatoid arthritis and stroke.}, series = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, journal = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Abstract Objectives: To develop a common reference metric of functioning, incorporating generic and health condition-specific disability instruments, and to test whether this reference metric is invariant across 2 health conditions. Design: Psychometric study using secondary data analysis. Firstly, the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Linking Rules were used to examine the concept equivalence between the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and Functional Independence Measure (FIMTM). Secondly, a scale-bank was developed using a reference metric approach to test-equating, based on the Rasch measurement model. Participants: Secondary analysis was performed on data from 487 people; 61.4\% with rheumatoid arthritis and 38.6\% with stroke. Results: Three sub-domains of the WHODAS 2.0 and all items of the HAQ and FIMTM motor mapped on to the ICF chapters d4 Mobility, d5 Self-care and d6 Domestic life. Test-equating of these scales resulted in good model fit, indicating that a scale bank and associated reference metric across these 3 instruments could be created. Conclusion: This study provides a transformation table to enable direct comparisons among instruments measuring physical functioning commonly used in rheumatoid arthritis (HAQ) and stroke (FIMTM motor scale), as well as in people with disability in general (WHODAS 2.0). Keywords: FIM; Functional Independence Measure; HAQ; Health Assessment Questionnaire; WHODAS 2.0; World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule; outcome assessment; rheumatoid arthritis; stroke; psychometrics.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerHammondTennantetal.2019, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Hammond, A. and Tennant, A. and Prior, Y. and Tyson, S.}, title = {Revisiting the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) and QuickDASH in rheumatoid arthritis}, series = {BMC Musculoskeletal Disorder}, volume = {20}, journal = {BMC Musculoskeletal Disorder}, number = {1}, pages = {41}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Background Limitations in upper limb functioning are common in Musculoskeletal disorders and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scale (DASH) has gained widespread use in this context. However, various concerns have been raised about its construct validity and so this study seeks to examine this and other psychometric aspects of both the DASH and QuickDASH from a modern test theory perspective. Methods Participants in the study were eligible if they had a confirmed diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). They were mailed a questionnaire booklet which included the DASH. Construct validity was examined by fit to the Rasch measurement model. The degree of precision of both the DASH and QuickDASH were considered through their Standard Error of Measurement (SEM). Results Three hundred and thirty-seven subjects with confirmed RA took part, with a mean age of 62.0 years (SD12.1); 73.6\% (n = 252) were female. The median standardized score on the DASH was 33 (IQR 17.5-55.0). Significant misfit of the DASH and QuickDASH was observed but, after accommodating local dependency among items in a two-testlet solution, satisfactory fit was obtained, supporting the unidimensionality of the total sets and the sufficiency of the raw (ordinal or standardized) scores. Conclusion Having accommodated local response dependency in the DASH and QuickDASH item sets, their total scores are shown to be valid, given they satisfy the Rasch model assumptions. The Rasch transformation should be used whenever all items are used to calculate a change score, or to apply parametric statistics within an RA population. Significance and innovations Most previous modern psychometric analyses of both the DASH and QuickDASH have failed to fully address the effect of a breach of the local independence assumption upon construct validity. Accommodating this problem by creating 'super items' or testlets, removes this effect and shows that both versions of the scale are valid and unidimensional, as applied with a bi-factor equivalent solution to an RA population. The Standard Error of Measurement of a scale can be biased by failing to take into account the local dependency in the data which inflates reliability and thus making the SEM appear better (i.e. smaller) than the true value without bias.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerDarzinsMagasietal.2015, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Darzins, S. and Magasi, S. and Baptiste, S.}, title = {The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF): Opportunities and Challenges to the Use of the ICF for Occupational Therapy}, series = {World Federation of Occupational Therapists Bulletin}, volume = {71}, journal = {World Federation of Occupational Therapists Bulletin}, number = {2}, pages = {108 -- 114}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The occupational therapy community has been receptive to the World Health Organisation's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) published in 2001. Building upon results of a survey (2008-2009) and subsequent workshop (2010) conducted by the World Federation of Occupational Therapists on the use and utility of the ICF for occupational therapists, this paper addresses some of the opportunities and challenges to strengthening the use of the ICF in occupational therapy practice. Attaining further clarity on the relationship of occupational therapy concepts and the ICF and developing crosswalk tables to exemplify linkages between occupational therapy terminology and the ICF will strengthen utility of the ICF for occupational therapy. Enhanced clarity about the concepts within occupational therapy that correspond to the ICF will ultimately assist other professions and disciplines in their understanding about occupational therapy and occupational therapists' roles in health and related systems.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerCoenenHammondetal.2022, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Coenen, Michaela and Hammond, Alison and K{\"u}{\c{c}}{\"u}kdeveci, Ay{\c{s}}e A. and Tennant, Alan}, title = {Scale Banking for Patient-Reported Outcome Measures That Measure Functioning in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Daily Activities Metric}, series = {Arthritis Care \& Research}, volume = {74}, journal = {Arthritis Care \& Research}, number = {4}, pages = {579 -- 587}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Objective Functioning is an important outcome for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Heterogeneity of respective patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) challenges direct comparisons between their results. This study aimed to standardize reporting of such PROMs measuring functioning in RA to facilitate comparability. Methods Common-item nonequivalent group design with the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) as a common scale across data sets from various countries (including the UK, Turkey, and Germany) to establish a common metric was used. Other PROMs included are the physical function items of the Multidimensional HAQ (MDHAQ), the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHODAS II), the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) health survey, and 4 short forms (20, 10, 6, and 4 physical function items) from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System. As the HAQ includes mobility, self-care, and domestic life items, this study focuses on these 3 domains. PROMs were described using standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable difference (SDD). A Rasch measurement model was used to create the common metric. Results The range of the SEM was 0.2 (MDHAQ) to 7.4 (SF-36 health survey physical functioning domain). The SDD revealed a range from 9.7\% (WOMAC rating scale) to 33.5\% (WHODAS physical functioning domain). PROMs co-calibration revealed fit to the Rasch measurement model. A transformation table was developed to allow exchange between PROM scores. Conclusion Scores between the daily activity PROMs commonly used in RA can now be compared. Factors such as SEM and SDD help to determine the choice of a PROM in clinical practice and research.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerCoenenHammondetal.2020, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Coenen, Michaela and Hammond, Alison and K{\"u}{\c{c}}{\"u}kdeveci, Ayse A. and Tennant, Alan}, title = {Scale-Banking for Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) Measuring Functioning in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Daily Activities Metric}, series = {Arthritis Care \& Research}, journal = {Arthritis Care \& Research}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Objective: Functioning is an important outcome for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management. Heterogeneity of respective patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) challenges direct comparisons between their results. This study aimed to standardize reporting of such PROMs measuring functioning in RA to facilitate comparability. Methods: Common Item Non-Equivalent Groups Design (NEAT) with the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) as a common scale across data sets from various countries (incl. UK, Turkey and Germany) to establish a common metric. Other PROMs included are the Physical Function items of the Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MDHAQ), Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule Version 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), and four short forms (20, 10, 6, and 4 physical function items) from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). As the HAQ includes mobility, self-care and domestic life items, this study focuses on these three domains. PROMs were described using Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) and Smallest Detectable Difference (SDD). Rasch Measurement model was used to create the common metric. Results: Range of SEM is 0.2 (MDHAQ) to 7.4 (SF36-PF). SDD revealed a range from 9.7 \% (WOMAC-RAT) to 33.5 \% (WHODAS-PF). PROMs co-calibration revealed fit to the Rasch measurement model. A transformation table was developed to allow exchange between PROMs scores. Discussion: Scores between the Daily Activity PROMs commonly used in RA can now be compared. Factors such as SEM and SDD help determine choice of PROM in clinical practice and research.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerCoenenHammondetal.2020, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Coenen, M and Hammond, A and K{\"u}{\c{c}}{\"u}kdeveci, AA and Tennant, A}, title = {Scale-Banking for Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) Measuring Functioning in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Daily Activities Metric}, series = {Arthritis Care \& Research}, volume = {Online ahead of print}, journal = {Arthritis Care \& Research}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Objective: Functioning is an important outcome for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management. Heterogeneity of respective patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) challenges direct comparisons between their results. This study aimed to standardize reporting of such PROMs measuring functioning in RA to facilitate comparability. Methods: Common Item Non-Equivalent Groups Design (NEAT) with the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) as a common scale across data sets from various countries (incl. UK, Turkey and Germany) to establish a common metric. Other PROMs included are the Physical Function items of the Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MDHAQ), Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule Version 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), and four short forms (20, 10, 6, and 4 physical function items) from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). As the HAQ includes mobility, self-care and domestic life items, this study focuses on these three domains. PROMs were described using Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) and Smallest Detectable Difference (SDD). Rasch Measurement model was used to create the common metric. Results: Range of SEM is 0.2 (MDHAQ) to 7.4 (SF36-PF). SDD revealed a range from 9.7 \% (WOMAC-RAT) to 33.5 \% (WHODAS-PF). PROMs co-calibration revealed fit to the Rasch measurement model. A transformation table was developed to allow exchange between PROMs scores. Discussion: Scores between the Daily Activity PROMs commonly used in RA can now be compared. Factors such as SEM and SDD help determine choice of PROM in clinical practice and research. Keywords: Common metric; DASH; Disability and Health; HAQ; International Classification of Functioning; Multidimensional HAQ; PROMIS-SF; Rasch measurement model; Scale banking; WHODAS 2.0; WOMAC.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerCiezaWilliamsetal.2008, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Cieza, A. and Williams, D.A. and Mease, P. and Boonen, A. and Kerschan-Schindl, K. and Fialka-Moser, V. and Smolen, J. and Stucki, G. and Machold, K. and Stamm, T.}, title = {Measuring health in patients with fibromyalgia: Content comparison of questionnaires based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)}, series = {Arthritis Care \& Research}, volume = {59}, journal = {Arthritis Care \& Research}, number = {5}, pages = {650 -- 658}, year = {2008}, abstract = {Objective To analyze the content of outcome measures commonly used to assess health in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) by linking the items of the instruments with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) in order to evaluate the adequacy of currently used measures. Methods Questionnaires used in FM were identified in a structured literature search. All concepts included in the items of the questionnaires were linked to ICF categories, according to previously published linking rules, by 2 independent health professionals. The percentages of linked ICF categories addressing the different ICF components were calculated. Results Generic and symptom-specific instruments were included. From the 296 items contained in all 16 instruments, 447 concepts were extracted and then linked to 52 ICF categories of the component body functions, 1 category of the component body structure, 40 categories of the component activities and participation, and 9 categories of the component environmental factors. More than half of the concepts identified were linked to body function, fewer were linked to activities and participation, and only concepts of 4 instruments were linked to the ICF component environmental factors. Conclusion Many concepts were linked to the categories in the ICF component body functions. While linking to the broad category, purportedly similar instruments often covered widely varying areas of function at more fine-grained levels of detail. Some categories, such as environmental factors, were barely covered by any of the instruments and might constitute an important aspect of health deserving better coverage and future development.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerCiezaOberhauseretal.2016, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Cieza, A. and Oberhauser, C. and Bickenbach, J. and {\"U}st{\"u}n, T.B. and Chatterji, S. and Stucki, G.}, title = {Toward the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Rehabilitation Set: A Minimal Generic Set of Domains for Rehabilitation as a Health Strategy}, series = {Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation}, volume = {97}, journal = {Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation}, number = {6}, pages = {875 -- 884}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerBallertBrinkofetal.2016, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Ballert, C.S. and Brinkof, M. W. G. and Tennant, A. and Post, M. W. M.}, title = {Metric properties of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure - Self Report in a community survey}, series = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, volume = {48}, journal = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, number = {2}, pages = {149 -- 164}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Objective: The Spinal Cord Independence Measure - Self Report (SCIM-SR) is a self-report instrument for assessing functional independence of persons with spinal cord injury. This study examined the internal construct validity and reliability of the SCIM-SR, when administered in a community survey, using the Rasch measurement model. Methods: Rasch analysis of data from 1,549 individuals with spinal cord injury who completed the SCIM-SR. Results: In the initial analysis no fit to the Rasch model was achieved. Items were grouped into testlets to accommodate the substantial local dependency. Due to the differential item functioning for lesion level and degree, spinal cord injury-specific sub-group analyses were conducted. Fit to the Rasch model was then achieved for individuals with tetraplegia and complete paraplegia, but not for those with incomplete paraplegia. Comparability of ability estimates across sub-groups was attained by anchoring all sub-groups on a testlet. Conclusion: The SCIM-SR violates certain assumptions of the Rasch measurement model, as shown by the local dependency and differential item functioning. However, an intermediate solution to achieve fit in 3 out of 4 spinal cord injury sub-groups was found. For the time being, therefore, it advisable to use this approach to compute Rasch-transformed SCIM-SR scores.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerBallertCieza2016, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Ballert, C. S. and Cieza, A.}, title = {Setting up a cohort study of functioning: From classification to measurement}, series = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, volume = {48}, journal = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, number = {2}, pages = {131 -- 140}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Objective: Cohort studies are an appropriate method for the collection of population-based longitudinal data to track people's health and functioning over time. However, describing and understanding functioning in its complexity with all its determinants is one of the biggest challenges faced by clinicians and researchers. Design: This paper focuses on the development of a cohort study on functioning, outlining the relevant steps and related methods, and illustrating these with reference to the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Cohort Study (SwiSCI). Methods and results: In setting up a cohort study the initial step is to specify which variables are to be included, i.e. what to assess. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is valuable in this process. The second step is to identify how to assess the specified ICF categories. Existing instruments and assessments can then be linked to the ICF. Conclusion: The methods outlined here enable the development of a cohort study to be based on a comprehensive perspective of health, operationalized through functioning as conceptualized and classified in the ICF, yet to remain efficient and feasible to administer.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerBallertBrachetal.2016, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Ballert, C. S. and Brach, M. and Brinkhof, M. W. G. and Cieza, A. and Hug, K. and Jordan, X. and Post, M. W. M. and Scheel-Sailer, A. and Schubert, M. and Tennant, A. and Stucki, G.}, title = {Toward standardized reporting for a cohort study on functioning: The Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Cohort Study}, series = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, volume = {48}, journal = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, number = {2}, pages = {189 -- 196}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Objective: Functioning is an important outcome to measure in cohort studies. Clear and operational outcomes are needed to judge the quality of a cohort study. This paper outlines guiding principles for reporting functioning in cohort studies and addresses some outstanding issues. Design: Principles of how to standardize reporting of data from a cohort study on functioning, by deriving scores that are most useful for further statistical analysis and reporting, are outlined. The Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Cohort Study Community Survey serves as a case in point to provide a practical application of these principles. Methods and Results: Development of reporting scores must be conceptually coherent and metrically sound. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) can serve as the frame of reference for this, with its categories serving as reference units for reporting. To derive a score for further statistical analysis and reporting, items measuring a single latent trait must be invariant across groups. The Rasch measurement model is well suited to test these assumptions. Conclusion: Our approach is a valuable guide for researchers and clinicians, as it fosters comparability of data, strengthens the comprehensiveness of scope, and provides invariant, interval-scaled data for further statistical analyses of functioning.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Prodinger2022, author = {Prodinger, Birgit}, title = {Institutional Ethnography}, series = {Rehabilitation in Practice}, booktitle = {Rehabilitation in Practice}, editor = {Hayre, Christopher M. and Muller, Dave J. and Hackett, Paul M. W.}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Singapore}, publisher = {Technische Hochschule Rosenheim}, pages = {55 -- 66}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Rehabilitation aims to enable people with disabilities or who are likely to experience disability to participate fully in their daily lives through a set of interprofessional and multimodal measures. Yet, rehabilitation services are embedded within social and healthcare systems that shape what individuals, who are active within these systems, can and may have to do. This chapter introduces Institutional Ethnography, a critical method of inquiry, which aims to explicate what people actually do and experience and how their doings and experiences become organized within textually mediated social relations. For rehabilitation practice and research, Institutional Ethnography is a powerful method to delineate which concepts are dominating institutional practices and to explicate whether these concepts are comprehensive enough to serve not only institutional purposes but account for and respond to the realities of people's daily lives.}, language = {en} } @article{PongpipatpaiboonSelbKovindhaetal.2020, author = {Pongpipatpaiboon, K and Selb, M and Kovindha, A and Prodinger, Birgit}, title = {Toward a framework for developing an ICF-based documentation system in spinal cord injury-specific rehabilitation based on routine clinical practice: a case study approach}, series = {Spinal Cord Series and Cases}, volume = {6}, journal = {Spinal Cord Series and Cases}, number = {33}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Study design Case study. Objective To present a framework for developing an International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)-based documentation system in spinal cord injury (SCI)-specific rehabilitation. Setting Data collection took place at Maharaj Hospital, Thailand. The preparatory studies and analysis were performed at Swiss Paraplegic Research, Switzerland. Methods Data collected from interviews and health records of four SCI cases across the continuum of care (acute, post-acute, early and late long term) were linked to ICF categories using established ICF linking rules. The resulting categories were compared with selected ICF sets (ICF Generic-30, ICF core sets for SCI and multiple sclerosis) to determine the extent of coverage. Furthermore, the context of applicable services was described systematically. Results Less than half of the ICF categories in the defined ICF sets were covered by clinical assessment tools. Low correspondence was found predominantly in acute and late long-term phase. Least well covered were categories of activities and participations and environmental factors. The correspondence of categories increased when considering the additional ICF categories identified from patient interviews. The description of rehabilitation services provided in each case classified according to the dimensions of service provider, funding, and service delivery. Conclusions There is a need to promote the systematic and standardized assessment of functioning among health professionals working in the field of SCI in developing countries. This study describes basic steps toward developing a standardized ICF-based system for assessing and reporting functioning outcomes in SCI rehabilitation and across the continuum of care.}, language = {en} } @article{PeterSchulenbergBuchananetal.2016, author = {Peter, C. and Schulenberg, S. E. and Buchanan, E. M. and Prodinger, Birgit and Geyh, S.}, title = {Rasch analysis of measurement instruments capturing psychological personal factors in persons with spinal cord injury}, series = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, volume = {48}, journal = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, number = {2}, pages = {175 -- 188}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Objective: To evaluate the metric properties of distinct measures of psychological personal factors comprising feelings, beliefs, motives, and patterns of experience and behaviour assessed in the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Cohort Study (SwiSCI), using Rasch methodology. Methods: SwiSCI Pathway 2 is a community-based, nationwide, cross-sectional survey for persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) (n = 511). The Rasch partial credit model was used for each subscale of the Positive Affect Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), Appraisal of Life Events Scale (ALE), Purpose in Life test - Short Form (PIL-SF), and the Big Five Inventory-K (BFI-K). Results: The measures were unidimensional, with the exception of the positive affect items of the PANAS, where pairwise t-tests resulted in 10\% significant cases, indicating multidimensionality. The BFI-K subscale agreeableness revealed low reliability (0.53). Other reliability estimates ranged between 0.61 and 0.89. Ceiling and floor effects were found for most measures. SCI-related differential item functioning (DIF) was rarely found. Language DIF was identified for several items of the BFI-K, PANAS and the ALE, but not for the PIL-SF. Conclusion: A majority of the measures satisfy the assumptions of the Rasch model, including unidimensionality. Invariance across language versions still represents a major challenge.}, language = {en} } @article{NicolYuSelbetal.2020, author = {Nicol, R and Yu, H and Selb, M and Prodinger, Birgit and Hartvigsen, J and C{\^o}t{\´e}, P}, title = {How does the measurement of disability in low back pain map unto the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)? A scoping review of the manual medicine literature}, series = {American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation}, volume = {Online ahead of print.}, journal = {American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The objective of this study was to catalogue items from instruments used to measure functioning, disability, and contextual factors in patients with low back pain (LBP) treated with manual medicine (manipulation and mobilization) according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). This catalogue will be used to inform the development of an ICF-based assessment schedule for LBP patients treated with manual medicine. In this scoping review we systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL. We identified instruments (questionnaires, clinical tests, single questions) used to measure functioning, disability and contextual factors, extracted the relevant items and then linked these items to the ICF. We included 95 articles and identified 1510 meaningful concepts. All but 70 items were linked to the ICF. Of the concepts linked to the ICF, body functions accounted for 34.7\%, body structures accounted for 0\%, activities and participation accounted for 41\%, environmental factors accounted for 3.6\%, and personal factors accounted for 16\%. Most items used to measure functioning and disability in LBP patient treated with manual medicine focus on body functions, and activities and participation. The lack of measures that address environmental factors warrants further investigation.}, language = {en} } @article{NicolYuSelbetal.2021, author = {Nicol, R and Yu, H and Selb, M and Prodinger, Birgit and Hartvigsen, J and C{\^o}t{\´e}, P}, title = {How Does the Measurement of Disability in Low Back Pain Map Unto the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health?: A Scoping Review of the Manual Medicine Literature}, series = {American Journal of Physical Medicine \& Rehabilitation}, volume = {100}, journal = {American Journal of Physical Medicine \& Rehabilitation}, number = {4}, pages = {367 -- 395}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The objective of this study was to catalog items from instruments used to measure functioning, disability, and contextual factors in patients with low back pain treated with manual medicine (manipulation and mobilization) according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. This catalog will be used to inform the development of an International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-based assessment schedule for low back pain patients treated with manual medicine. In this scoping review, we systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL. We identified instruments (questionnaires, clinical tests, single questions) used to measure functioning, disability, and contextual factors, extracted the relevant items, and then linked these items to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. We included 95 articles and identified 1510 meaningful concepts. All but 70 items were linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Of the concepts linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, body functions accounted for 34.7\%, body structures accounted for 0\%, activities and participation accounted for 41\%, environmental factors accounted for 3.6\%, and personal factors accounted for 16\%. Most items used to measure functioning and disability in low back pain patient treated with manual medicine focus on body functions, as well as activities and participation. The lack of measures that address environmental factors warrants further investigation.}, language = {en} } @article{MukainoProdingerYamadaetal.2020, author = {Mukaino, M. and Prodinger, Birgit and Yamada, S. and Senju, Y. and Izumi, S. I. and Sonoda, S. and Selb, M. and Saitoh, E. and Stucki, G.}, title = {Supporting the clinical use of the ICF in Japan - development of the Japanese version of the simple, intuitive descriptions for the ICF Generic-30 set, its operationalization through a rating reference guide, and interrater reliability study}, series = {BMC Health Services Research}, volume = {20}, journal = {BMC Health Services Research}, number = {1}, pages = {66}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Background The World Health Organization developed the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) in 2001 and has been in the process of implementing it in clinics since then. Current international efforts to implement ICF in rehabilitation clinics include the implementation of ICF Core Sets and the development of simple, intuitive descriptions for the ICF Generic-30 Set (also called Rehabilitation Set). The present study was designed to operationalize these ICF tools for clinical practice in Japan. This work included 1) the development of the Japanese version of the simple, intuitive descriptions for the ICF Generic-30 Set, 2) the development of a rating reference guide for Activity and Participation categories, and 3) the examination of the interrater reliability of rating Activity and Participation categories. Methods The Japanese version of the simple, intuitive descriptions for the ICF Generic-30 Set was developed following the process employed to develop the Chinese and Italian versions. For further operationalization of this ICF Set in practice, a rating reference guide was developed. The development of the rating reference guide involved the following steps: 1) a trial of rating patients by several raters, 2) cognitive interviewing of the raters to analyse the thinking process involved in rating, 3) drafting of the rating reference guide, and 4) review by ICF specialists to confirm consistency with the original ICF concepts. After the rating reference guide was developed, interrater reliability of the rating with the reference guide was determined. Interrater reliability was examined using weighted kappa statistics with linear weight. Results Through the pre-defined process, the Japanese version of the simple, intuitive descriptions for 30 categories of the ICF Generic-30 Set and the rating reference guides for 21 Activity and Participation categories were successfully developed. The weighted kappa statistics ranged from 0.61 to 0.85, showing substantial to excellent agreement of the ratings between raters. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that ICF categories can be translated into clinical practice. Collaboration between clinicians and researchers would further enhance the implementation of the ICF in Japan.}, language = {en} }