@article{StuckiProdingerBickenbach2017, author = {Stucki, G. and Prodinger, Birgit and Bickenbach, J.}, title = {Four steps to follow when documenting functioning with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health}, series = {European Journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine}, volume = {53}, journal = {European Journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine}, number = {1}, pages = {144 -- 149}, year = {2017}, abstract = {In this methodological note on applying the ICF in rehabilitation, we introduce suitable tools that allow us to document comprehensively and systematically the lived experience of health to guide clinical practice, the management of services, evidence-informed policy and scientific inquiry. The objective of this methodological note is to present the currently available tools with respect to four questions: 1) what ICF domains to document; 2) what perspective to take; 3) what data collection tools to apply; and 4) which approach to use for reporting. The application of these tools is illustrated using the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury (SwiSCI) Cohort Study. Existing ICF Sets provide a practical approach for identifying the domains to document. One can document from the perspective of biological health, lived health, and appraised health. For identifying suitable data collection tools, either existing tools can be linked to the ICF or available ICF-based data collection tools can be used. For reporting, an interval scale metric is suggested. The four step approach presented provides users with a logical sequence to follow when planning the documentation of functioning using the ICF as a health information reference system in practice and research.}, language = {de} } @article{StanleyRogersForwelletal.2020, author = {Stanley, Mandy and Rogers, Sandra and Forwell, Sue and Hocking, Clare and Nayar, Shoba and Laliberte Rudman, Debbie and Prodinger, Birgit and Farias Vera, Lisette and Townsend, Elizabeth and Magalh{\~a}es, Lilian and Simaan, Juman and Reid, Heleen and Pols, Vee}, title = {A Pledge to Mobilize Against Racism}, series = {Journal of Occupational Science}, volume = {27}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Science}, number = {s1}, pages = {294 -- 295}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @article{StammVanderGiesenThorstenssonetal.2009, author = {Stamm, T. and Van der Giesen, F. and Thorstensson, C. and Steen, E. and Birrell, F. and Bauernfeind, B. and Marshall, N. and Prodinger, Birgit and Machold, K. and Smolen, J. and Kloppenburg, M.}, title = {Patient perspective of hand osteoarthritis in relation to concepts covered by instruments measuring functioning: a qualitative European multicentre study}, series = {Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases}, volume = {68}, journal = {Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases}, number = {9}, pages = {1453 -- 1460}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Objective: To explore whether the concepts important to patients with hand osteoarthritis (OA) are covered by the most commonly used instruments measuring functioning. Method: A qualitative multicentre study using a focus group technique was performed in five European countries: Austria, The Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The qualitative data analysis followed a modified form of "meaning condensation" and used the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a theoretical framework. Finally, the concepts from the focus groups were compared with the content of the most commonly used instruments which had been identified in an earlier theoretical analysis. Results: Fifty-six people (51 women, mean (SD) age 62.7 (7.9) years) with hand OA participated in this study in two focus groups per centre. 63 concepts were extracted from the focus groups. Twenty-one (33\%) of the 63 concepts were covered by at least one instrument. Psychological consequences, different qualities of pain, aesthetic changes and leisure activities are important concepts from the focus groups which were not covered by the instruments. The qualitative analysis revealed detailed descriptions of pain-concerning sensations, levels and a certain relation to activity, none of which were fully represented in the instruments routinely used. Conclusion: It was possible to combine the concepts of the focus groups from each centre into a common qualitative analysis. The concepts important to people with hand OA are not fully represented in the most commonly used instruments.}, language = {en} } @article{StammMacholdSmolenetal.2010, author = {Stamm, T. A. and Machold, K. P. and Smolen, J. and Prodinger, Birgit}, title = {Life stories of people with rheumatoid arthritis who retired early: how gender and other contextual factors shaped their everyday activities, including paid work}, series = {Musculoskeletal Care}, volume = {8}, journal = {Musculoskeletal Care}, number = {2}, pages = {78 -- 86}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Objective: The aim of the present study was to explore how contextual factors affect the everyday activities of women and men with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as evident in their life stories. Methods: Fifteen people with RA, who had retired early due to the disease, were interviewed up to three times, according to a narrative biographic interview style. The life stories of the participants, which were reconstructed from the biographical data and from the transcribed 'told story' were analysed from the perspective of contextual factors, including personal and environmental factors. The rigour and accuracy of the analysis were enhanced by reflexivity and peer-review of the results. Results: The life stories of the participants in this study reflected how contextual factors (such as gender, the healthcare system, the support of families and social and cultural values) shaped their everyday activities. In a society such as in Austria, which is based on traditional patriarchal values, men were presented with difficulties in developing a non-paid-work-related role. For women, if paid work had to be given up, they were more likely to engage in alternative challenging activities which enabled them to develop reflective skills, which in turn contributed to a positive and enriching perspective on their life stories. Health professionals may thus use some of the women's strategies to help men. Conclusion: Interventions by health professionals in people with RA may benefit from an approach sensitive to personal and environmental factors.}, language = {en} } @misc{SkudlikHirtDoeringeretal.2023, author = {Skudlik, Stefanie and Hirt, Julian and D{\"o}ringer, Tobias and Thalhammer, Regina and L{\"u}ftl, Katharina and Prodinger, Birgit and M{\"u}ller, Martin}, title = {Herausforderungen und Versorgungsstrategien im Kontext von Pflegeheimeinz{\"u}gen in Deutschland: Ein Scoping Review. Poster f{\"u}r den EbM-Kongress vom 22.-24. M{\"a}rz 2023 in Potsdam}, year = {2023}, language = {de} } @misc{SkudlikHirtDoeringeretal.2022, author = {Skudlik, Stefanie and Hirt, Julian and D{\"o}ringer, Tobias and Thalhammer, Regina and L{\"u}ftl, Katharina and Prodinger, Birgit and M{\"u}ller, Martin}, title = {Challenges and care strategies during the transition to nursing home in Germany: A scoping review. European Nursing Kongress am 5. Oktober 2022, online}, year = {2022}, language = {de} } @article{SkudlikHirtDoeringeretal.2023, author = {Skudlik, Stefanie and Hirt, Julian and D{\"o}ringer, Tobias and Thalhammer, Regina and L{\"u}ftl, Katharina and Prodinger, Birgit and M{\"u}ller, Martin}, title = {Challenges and care strategies associated with the admission to nursing homes in Germany: a scoping review}, series = {BMC Nursing}, volume = {22}, journal = {BMC Nursing}, doi = {10.1186/s12912-022-01139-y}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Background The admission to a nursing home is a critical life-event for affected persons as well as their families. Admission related processes are lacking adequate participation of older people and their families. To improve transitions to nursing homes, context- and country-specific knowledge about the current practice is needed. Hence, our aim was to summarize available evidence on challenges and care strategies associated with the admission to nursing homes in Germany. Methods We conducted a scoping review and searched eight major international and German-specific electronic databases for journal articles and grey literature published in German or English language since 1995. Further inclusion criteria were focus on challenges or care strategies in the context of nursing home admissions of older persons and comprehensive and replicable information on methods and results. Posters, only-abstract publications and articles dealing with mixed populations including younger adults were excluded. Challenges and care strategies were identified and analysed by structured content analysis using the TRANSCIT model. Results Twelve studies of 1,384 records were finally included. Among those, seven were qualitative studies, three quantitative observational studies and two mixed methods studies. As major challenges neglected participation of older people, psychosocial burden among family caregivers, inadequate professional cooperation and a lack of shared decision-making and evidence-based practice were identified. Identified care strategies included strengthening shared decision-making and evidence-based practice, improvement in professional cooperation, introduction of specialized transitional care staff and enabling participation for older people. Conclusion Although the process of nursing home admission is considered challenging and tends to neglect the needs of older people, little research is available for the German health care system. The perspective of the older people seems to be underrepresented, as most of the studies focused on caregivers and health professionals. Reported care strategies addressed important challenges, however, these were not developed and evaluated in a comprehensive and systematic way. Future research is needed to examine perspectives of all the involved groups to gain a comprehensive picture of the needs and challenges. Interventions based on existing care strategies should be systematically developed and evaluated to provide the basis of adequate support for older persons and their informal caregivers.}, language = {en} } @article{ShawProdingerJacobsetal.2010, author = {Shaw, L. and Prodinger, Birgit and Jacobs, K. and Shaw, N.}, title = {WORK: A historical evaluation of the impact and evolution of its editorial board}, series = {Work}, volume = {35}, journal = {Work}, number = {3}, pages = {247 -- 255}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Objectives: A historical review of the editorial board and the founding editor of WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment and Rehabilitation was conducted to examine the understanding of the editorship and contributions of this team to the knowledge in WORK. Participants: The team of four authors worked together to identify an approach to evaluate the contributions and impact of WORK's editorial board (EB) on the journal's scholarship. The editor-in-chief (EIC) and editorial board members were participants in this evaluation. Methods: Informative and formative evaluations were used to investigate how knowledge was shaped through the development of an epistemic community of scholars in the field of work. Metrics of the EB composition and participation in the journal as well as surveys and interviews with the board and the editor-in-chief were analyzed. Results: The EB represents an international community of scholars with a common interest in work and who contribute academically both within WORK and beyond. The epistemic community that has evolved through the editorial board represents a pluralistic perspective on work that is needed to inform practice, and knowledge. Conclusion: Future directions to continue to advance knowledge through WORK's editorial board and EIC are elaborated.}, language = {en} } @article{ShawJacobsRudmannetal.2012, author = {Shaw, L. and Jacobs, K. and Rudmann, D. and Magalhaes, L. and Huot, S. and Prodinger, Birgit and Mandich, A. and Hocking, C. and Akande, V. and Backmann, C. and Bossers, A. and Bragg, M. and Bryson, M. and Cowls, J. and Stone, S. D. and Dawe, E. and Dennhardt, S. and Dennis, D. and Foster, J. and Friesen, M. and Galheigo, S. and Gichuri, J. and Hughes, I. and Isaac, A. and Jarus, T. and Kinsella, A. and Klinger, L. and Leyshon, R. and Lysaght, R. and McKay, E. and Orchard, T. and Phelan, S. and Ravenek, M. and Gruhl, K. R. and Robb, L. and Stadnyk, R. and Sumsion, T. and Suto, M.}, title = {Directions for advancing the study of work transitions in the 21st century}, series = {Work}, volume = {41}, journal = {Work}, number = {4}, pages = {369 -- 377}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Objectives: The purpose of this article is to share the details, outcomes and deliverables from an international workshop on work transitions in London, Ontario, Canada. Participants: Researchers, graduate students, and community group members met to identity ways to advance the knowledge base of strategies to enhance work participation for those in the most disadvantaged groups within society. Methods: A participatory approach was used in this workshop with presentations by researchers and graduate students. This approach included dialogue and discussion with community members. In addition, small group dialogue and debate, world cafe discussions, written summaries of group discussion and reflection boards were used to bring new ideas to the discussion and to build upon what we know. Findings: Two research imperatives and six research recommendations were identified to advance global dialogue on work transitions and to advance the knowledge base. Occupational justice can be used to support future research directions in the study of work transitions. Conclusions: Moving forward requires a commitment of community of researchers, clinicians and stakeholders to address work disparities and implement solutions to promote participation in work.}, language = {en} } @article{ShawCampbellJacobsetal.2010, author = {Shaw, L. and Campbell, H. and Jacobs, K. and Prodinger, Birgit}, title = {Twenty years of Assessment in WORK: A narrative review}, series = {Work}, volume = {35}, journal = {Work}, number = {3}, pages = {257 -- 267}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Introduction: The aim of this review was to gain an understanding of the first 20 years of contributions to WORK within the assessment domain and to reflect on the perspectives underscoring this knowledge base. Method: A narrative review of assessment articles using the WORK ARTicle database was conducted. Assessment articles were searched using issues from 1990 to 2009. Descriptive data was analyzed to examine historical trends of the specific types and dimensions of articles, the regional location of the contributions, and the methodological accordance. A reflective process was used by an editorial board member of WORK to inductively interpret perspectives and contextual issues that underpinned the evolution of the assessment domain in WORK. Results: Over half of N= 108 of the articles on assessment in WORK focused on establishing or reporting reliability and validity of assessments used in clinical practice or evaluation research. The majority of the assessment articles were predominantly focused on the person. Contributions of articles were from 5 regions: North America, Europe, Australia, Asia and Africa. Conclusions: Assessment articles in WORK have contributed to the development of evidence to support assessment of the worker. These articles represent a knowledge base that emphasizes evidence-based assessments to evaluate what a person can and cannot do to participate in work. Efforts are needed to expand knowledge generation in assessment to include more evaluations on the workplace and occupation dimensions, and that also considers the worker in context.}, language = {en} } @article{SenjuMukainoProdingeretal.2021, author = {Senju, Y and Mukaino, M and Prodinger, Birgit and Selb, M and Okouchi, Y and Mizutani, K and Suzuki, M and Yamada, S and Izumi, SI and Sonoda, S and Otaka, Y and Saitoh, E and Stucki, G}, title = {Development of a clinical tool for rating the body function categories of the ICF generic-30/rehabilitation set in Japanese rehabilitation practice and examination of its interrater reliability}, series = {BMC Medical Research Methodology}, volume = {21}, journal = {BMC Medical Research Methodology}, number = {1}, pages = {121}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Background: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) Generic-30 (Rehabilitation) Set is a tool used to assess the functioning of a clinical population in rehabilitation. The ICF Generic-30 consists of nine ICF categories from the component "body functions" and 21 from the component "activities and participation". This study aimed to develop a rating reference guide for the nine body function categories of the ICF Generic-30 Set using a predefined, structured process and to examine the interrater reliability of the ratings using the rating reference guide. Methods: The development of the first version of the rating reference guide involved the following steps: (1) a trial of rating patients by several raters; (2) cognitive interviews with each rater to analyze the thought process involved in each rating; (3) the drafting of the rating reference guide by a multidisciplinary panel; and (4) a review by ICF specialists to confirm consistency with the ICF. Subsequently, we conducted a first field test to gain insight into the use of the guide in practice. The reference guide was modified based on the raters' feedback in the field test, and an inter-rater reliability test was conducted thereafter. Interrater agreement was evaluated using weighted kappa statistics with linear weights. Results: The first version of the rating reference guide was successfully developed and tested. The weighted kappa coefficient in the field testing ranged from 0.25 to 0.92. The interrater reliability testing of the rating reference guide modified based on the field test results yielded an improved weighted kappa coefficient ranging from 0.53 to 0.78. Relative improvements in the weighted kappa coefficients were observed in seven out of the nine categories. Consequently, seven out of nine categories were found to have a weighted kappa coefficient of 0.61 or higher. Conclusions: In this study, we developed and modified a rating reference guide for the body function categories of the ICF Generic-30 Set. The interrater reliability test using the final version of the rating reference guide showed moderate to substantial interrater agreement, which encouraged the use of the ICF in rehabilitation practice.}, language = {en} } @article{SelbGimiglianoProdingeretal.2017, author = {Selb, M. and Gimigliano, F. and Prodinger, Birgit and Stucki, G. and Pestelli, G. and Iocco, M. and Boldrini, P.}, title = {Toward an International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health clinical data collection tool: The Italian experience of developing simple, intuitive descriptions of the Rehabilitation Set categories}, series = {European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine}, volume = {53}, journal = {European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine}, number = {2}, pages = {290 -- 298}, year = {2017}, abstract = {As part of international efforts to develop and implement national models including the specification of ICF-based clinical data collection tools, the Italian rehabilitation community initiated a project to develop simple, intuitive descriptions of the ICF Rehabilitation Set, highlighting the core concept of each category in user-friendly language. This paper outlines the Italian experience in developing simple, intuitive descriptions of the ICF Rehabilitation Set as an ICF-based clinical data collection tool for Italy.Consensus process.Expert conference. Multidisciplinary group of rehabilitation professionals.The first of a two-stage consensus process involved developing an initial proposal for simple, intuitive descriptions of each ICF Rehabilitation Set category based on descriptions generated in a similar process in China. Stage two involved a consensus conference. Divided into three working groups, participants discussed and voted (vote A) whether the initially proposed descriptions of each ICF Rehabilitation Set category was simple and intuitive enough for use in daily practice. Afterwards the categories with descriptions considered ambiguous i.e. not simple and intuitive enough, were divided among the working groups, who were asked to propose a new description for the allocated categories. These proposals were then voted (vote B) on in a plenary session. The last step of the consensus conference required each working group to develop a new proposal for each and the same categories with descriptions still considered ambiguous. Participants then voted (final vote) for which of the three proposed descriptions they preferred.Nineteen clinicians from diverse rehabilitation disciplines from various regions of Italy participated in the consensus process. Three ICF categories already achieved consensus in vote A, while 20 ICF categories were accepted in vote B. The remaining 7 categories were decided in the final vote.The findings were discussed in light of current efforts toward developing strategies for ICF implementation, specifically for the application of an ICF-based clinical data collection tool, not only for Italy but also for the rest of Europe. Promising as minimal standards for monitoring the impact of interventions and for standardized reporting of functioning as a relevant outcome in rehabilitation.}, language = {en} } @article{ReinhardtZhangProdingeretal.2016, author = {Reinhardt, J. D. and Zhang, X. and Prodinger, Birgit and Ehrmann-Bostan, C. and Selb, M. and Stucki, G. and Li, J.}, title = {Toward the system-wide implementation of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in routine clinical practice: Empirical findigns of a pilot study from Mainland China}, series = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, volume = {48}, journal = {Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine}, number = {6}, pages = {515 -- 521}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Objective: The aims of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Generic Set in routine clinical practice, and of creating a functioning score based on it, and, subsequently, to examine its sensitivity to change. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, data from 761 adult inpatients from 21 Chinese hospitals were analysed. Each patient was assessed at admission and discharge. Feasibility was evaluated by analysing mean assessment time. The Rasch model was used to create a metric of functioning. Sensitivity to change was analysed with mixed-effects regression and by calculating standardized effect size based on Cohen's f2. Results: Mean duration of assessment was 5.3 min, with a significant decrease between admission and discharge. After removal of the item remunerative employment, the remaining ICF Generic Set categories fitted the Rasch model well. With a mean improvement in functioning of 12.1 (95\% confidence interval (95\% CI): 11.5-12.6), this metric proved sensitive to change, both in terms of statistical significance (p < 0.001) and standardized effect size (Cohen's f2 = 2.35). Discussion: The ICF Generic Set is feasible for use in routine clinical practice and is promising to serve as the basis for the development of a functioning score that is sensitive to change.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerWeiseShawetal.2010, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Weise, A. P. and Shaw, L. and Stamm, T. A.}, title = {A Delphi study on Environmental Factors that impact work and social life participation of individuals with Multiple Sclerosis in Austria and Switzerland}, series = {Disability and Rehabilitation}, volume = {32}, journal = {Disability and Rehabilitation}, number = {3}, pages = {183 -- 195}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Purpose: This study aimed to gain knowledge about environmental factors (EFs) that impact work and social life participation of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) in Austria and Switzerland to extend the knowledge of participation and to identify key areas for measuring participation. Method: A three-round Delphi study was conducted defining patients as experts. In the 1st round, qualitative data was gathered through questionnaires, analyzed with content analysis, and factors were assigned to EFs as classified in the ICF. In the 2nd and 3rd round, experts judged EFs according to its relevance to obtain consensus (cut-off 75\%). Categories were ranked on a scale from mostly important to important. Results: One hundred and twelve Austrian and 109 Swiss experts were recruited. The content analysis revealed 768 EFs. The study resulted in a list of 176 consensus factors for Austria and 177 Switzerland. Five categories revealed to be highly important, 12 moderately important, 6 fairly important, and 10 important. Conclusions: This study indicates that participation in work or social life is influenced by physical, social, attitudinal, and policy factors. Consensus factors afford insights into areas for consideration in the development of participation outcome measurements and support a comprehensive and inclusive rehabilitation approach.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerTurner2013, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Turner, S. M.}, title = {Using institutional ethnography to explore how social policies infiltrate into daily life}, series = {Journal of Occupational Science}, volume = {20}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Science}, number = {4}, pages = {357 -- 369}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The paper demonstrates how institutional ethnography provides a way forward for occupational scientists to understand how social policies shape and infiltrate people's daily lives and work. Institutional ethnography is a method of inquiry that starts in individual's experiences and from there traces how their experiences are coordinated to and become shaped within particular organizational processes and social relations. In this paper, we are specifically interested in how social policies, as higher order texts, shape the organizational processes and service agents' work at Labor Market Offices, and enter into the organization of people's everyday activities. We want to make visible how particular policies enter into the organization of the daily lives of women with rheumatoid arthritis who apply for unemployment benefits and 'regulate' what they can or may have to do, even though higher order policy texts are not immediately visible or actively referred to in the setting. We learn from the experiences of two women, who are of employable age, have been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, and live in a mid-sized city in Austria.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerTennantStuckietal.2016, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Tennant, A. and Stucki, G. and Cieza, A. and {\"U}st{\"u}n, T.B.}, title = {Harmonizing routinely collected health information for strengthening quality management in health systems: requirements and practice}, series = {Journal of Health Services Research \& Policy}, volume = {21}, journal = {Journal of Health Services Research \& Policy}, number = {4}, pages = {223 -- 228}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Objective Our aim was to specify the requirements of an architecture to serve as the foundation for standardized reporting of health information and to provide an exemplary application of this architecture. Methods The World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) served as the conceptual framework. Methods to establish content comparability were the ICF Linking Rules. The Rasch measurement model, as a special case of additive conjoint measurement, which satisfies the required criteria for fundamental measurement, allowed for the development of a common metric foundation for measurement unit conversion. Secondary analysis of data from the North Yorkshire Survey was used to illustrate these methods. Patients completed three instruments and the items were linked to the ICF. The Rasch measurement model was applied, first to each scale, and then to items across scales which were linked to a common domain. Results Based on the linking of items to the ICF, the majority of items were grouped into two domains, Mobility and Self-care. Analysis of the individual scales and of items linked to a common domain across scales satisfied the requirements of the Rasch measurement model. The measurement unit conversion between items from the three instruments linked to the Mobility and Self-care domains, respectively, was demonstrated. Conclusions The realization of an ICF-based architecture for information on patients' functioning enables harmonization of health information while allowing clinicians and researchers to continue using their existing instruments. This architecture will facilitate access to comprehensive and consistently reported health information to serve as the foundation for informed decision-making.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerTennantStucki2018, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Tennant, A. and Stucki, G.}, title = {Standardized reporting of functioning information on ICF-based common metrics}, series = {European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine}, volume = {54}, journal = {European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine}, number = {1}, pages = {110 -- 117}, year = {2018}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: In clinical practice and research a variety of clinical data collection tools are used to collect information on people's functioning for clinical practice and research and national health information systems. Reporting on ICF-based common metrics enables standardized documentation of functioning information in national health information systems. The objective of this methodological note on applying the ICF in rehabilitation is to demonstrate how to report functioning information collected with a data collection tool on ICF-based common metrics. We first specify the requirements for the standardized reporting of functioning information. Secondly, we introduce the methods needed for transforming functioning data to ICF-based common metrics. Finally, we provide an example. METHODS: The requirements for standardized reporting are as follows: 1) having a common conceptual framework to enable content comparability between any health information; and 2) a measurement framework so that scores between two or more clinical data collection tools can be directly compared. The methods needed to achieve these requirements are the ICF Linking Rules and the Rasch measurement model. Using data collected incorporating the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), and the Stroke Impact Scale 3.0 (SIS 3.0), the application of the standardized reporting based on common metrics is demonstrated. RESULTS: A subset of items from the three tools linked to common chapters of the ICF (d4 Mobility, d5 Self-care and d6 Domestic life), were entered as "super items" into the Rasch model. Good fit was achieved with no residual local dependency and a unidimensional metric. A transformation table allows for comparison between scales, and between a scale and the reporting common metric. CONCLUSIONS: Being able to report functioning information collected with commonly used clinical data collection tools with ICF-based common metrics enables clinicians and researchers to continue using their tools while still being able to compare and aggregate the information within and across tools.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerTaylor2018, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Taylor, Paul}, title = {Improving quality of care through patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs): expert interviews using the NHS PROMs Programme and the Swedish quality registers for knee and hip arthroplasty as examples}, series = {BMC Health Services Research}, volume = {18}, journal = {BMC Health Services Research}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, pages = {87}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Background: Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) have been integrated in national quality registries or specific national monitoring initiatives to inform the improvement of quality of care on a national scale. However there are many unanswered questions, such as: how these systems are set up, whether they lead to improved quality of care, which stakeholders use the information once it is available. The aim of this study was to examine supporting and hindering factors relevant to integrating patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in selected health information systems (HIS) tailored toward improving quality of care across the entire health system. Methods: First, a systematic search and review was conducted to outline previously identified factors relevant to the integration of PROMs in the selected HIS. A social network analysis was performed to identify networks of experts in these systems. Second, expert interviews were conducted to discuss and elaborate on the identified factors. Directive content analysis was applied using a HIS Evaluation Framework as the frame of reference. This framework is structured into four components: Organization, Human, Technology, and Net benefits. Results: The literature review revealed 37 papers for the NHS PROMs Programme and 26 papers for the SHPR and SKAR: Five networks of researchers were identified for the NHS PROMs Programme and 1 for the SHPR and SKAR. Seven experts related to the NHS PROMs Programme and 3 experts related to the SKAR and SHPR participated in the study. The main themes which revealed in relation to Organization were Governance and Capacity building; to Human: Reporting and Stakeholder Engagement; to Technology: the Selection and Collection of PROMs and Data linkage. In relation to Net benefits, system-specific considerations are presented. Conclusion: Both examples succeeded in integrating PROMs into HIS on a national scale. The lack of an established standard on what change PROMs should be achieved by an intervention limits their usefulness for monitoring quality of care. Whether the PROMs data collected within these systems can be used in routine clinical practice is considered a challenge in both countries.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerStuckiCoenenetal.2019, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Stucki, G. and Coenen, M. and Tennant, A.}, title = {The measurement of functioning using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: comparing qualifier ratings with existing health status instruments}, series = {Disability and Rehabilitation}, volume = {41}, journal = {Disability and Rehabilitation}, number = {5}, pages = {541 -- 548}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Background: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health is the international standard for describing and monitoring functioning. While the categories, the units of the classification, were not designed with measurement in mind, the hierarchical structure of the classification lends itself to the possibility of summating categories into some higher order domain. Focusing on the chapters of d4 Mobility, d5 Self-Care and d6 Domestic Life, this study seeks to ascertain if qualifiers rating of categories (0-No problem to 4-Complete problem) within those chapters can be summated, and whether such derived measurement is consistent with estimates obtained from well-known instruments which purport to measure the same constructs. Methods: The current study applies secondary analysis to data previously collected in the context of validating Core Sets for stroke, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis. Data included qualifier-based ratings of the categories in the Core Sets, and the physical functioning sub-scale of the Short-Form 36, and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. To examine qualifier-comparator scale item agreement Kappa statistics were used. To identify whether appropriate gradients of the comparator scales were observed across qualifier levels, an Independent Sample Median Test of the ordinal scores was deployed. To investigate the internal validity of the summated ICF categories, the Rasch model was applied. Results: Data from 2,927 subjects from Europe, Australasia, Middle East and South America were available for analysis; 36.3\% had experienced a stroke, 35.8\% osteoarthritis, and 27.9\% had rheumatoid arthritis. The items from the Short-Form 36 could not match directly the qualifier categories as the former had only 3 response options. The Kappa between World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 items and categories was low. For all qualifiers, a significant (<0.001) overall gradient was observed across the comparator scales. Only in few of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 items could no discrete level be detected. The aggregation of the qualifiers at the Chapter and higher order levels mostly revealed fit to the Rasch model. Almost all ICF qualifiers showed ordered thresholds suggesting that the current structure and response options of the qualifiers worked as intended. Conclusions: The findings of this study provide supporting evidence for the use of the professionally rated categories and associated qualifiers to measure functioning. Implication for Rehabilitation - This study provides evidence that functioning data can be collected directly with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) by using the ICF categories as items and the ICF qualifiers as rating scale. - The findings of this study show the aggregated ratings of ICF categories from the chapters d4 Mobility, d5 Self-care, and d6 Domestic life capture a broader spectrum of the construct than the corresponding summated items from the SF36-Physical Function sub-scale and the corresponding items of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. - This study illustrates the potential of building quantitative measurement by aggregating ICF categories and their qualifier ratings into meaningful domains.}, language = {en} } @article{ProdingerStammPeterssonetal.2016, author = {Prodinger, Birgit and Stamm, T. and Petersson, D. and Stucki, G. and Tennant, A.}, title = {Toward a standardized reporting of outcomes in hand osteoarthritis: Developing a common metric of outcome measures commonly used to assess functioning.}, series = {Arthritis Care \& Research}, volume = {68}, journal = {Arthritis Care \& Research}, number = {8}, pages = {1115 -- 1127}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Objective Functioning is an important outcome in hand osteoarthritis (OA). The heterogeneity of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) available challenges the direct comparability of information collected by these instruments. This study aimed to examine whether it is possible to achieve metric equivalence of PROMs commonly used to measure functioning in people with hand OA. Methods A secondary analysis of data from 253 persons who participated in the Vienna Hand Osteoarthritis Cohort Study was conducted applying the Rasch measurement model. Participants completed the Health Assessment Questionnaire, the Australian/Canadian Index for Hand Osteoarthritis, the Functional Index for Hand Osteoarthritis (FIHOA), and the Cochin Scale. The assumptions of stochastic ordering, local independence, unidimensionality, and invariance were tested for each scale independently before the scales were co-calibrated onto a common metric. Results Except for the FIHOA, all measures indicated issues of local dependency in the initial analyses. After accommodating those with testlets, all scales satisfied the assumptions of the Rasch model (χ2 > 0.05). Marginal misfit in 2 items was found in the FIHOA, but this did not disturb person estimates. As the 4 scales form a common metric that satisfies the assumptions of the Rasch model, the scores can be equated. Conclusion The scores of the 4 hand function measures can be transformed to a common 0-100 metric, such that scores can be interchanged. A user-friendly transformation table enables clinicians and researchers to have access to the common metric by simply adding up the total score for each instrument and identifying the corresponding transformed score on the common metric.}, language = {en} }