@article{SchoenEierle2004, author = {Sch{\"o}n, F.-X. and Eierle, Benno}, title = {Konstruktion eines Modulsystems f{\"u}r r{\"a}umliche Holzfachwerke}, series = {bauen mit holz}, volume = {2004}, journal = {bauen mit holz}, number = {4/2004}, publisher = {Bruderverlag}, address = {K{\"o}ln}, year = {2004}, language = {de} } @article{HammerschmidtZeitlerGulichetal.2004, author = {Hammerschmidt, Thomas and Zeitler, HP. and Gulich, M. and Leidl, R.}, title = {A Comparison of Different Strategies to Collect Standard Gamble Utilities}, series = {Medical Decision Making}, journal = {Medical Decision Making}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Objective. The authors performed a methodological comparison of the usual standard gamble with methods that could also be used in mailed questionnaires.Methods.Ninety-two diabetic patients valued diabetes-related health states twice. In face-to-face interviews, the authors used an iterative standard gamble (ISG) in which the probabilities were varied in a ping-pong manner and a self-completion method (SC) with top-down titration as search procedure (SC-TD) in 2 independent subsamples of 46 patients. Three months later, all patients received a mailed questionnaire in which the authors used the self-completion method with bottom-up (SCBU) and SC-TD as search procedures.Results.ISG and SCTD showed feasibility and consistency in the interviews. The ISG resulted in significantly higher utilities than the SC-TD. Two thirds of the mailed questionnaires provided useful results indicating some problems of feasibility. Utilities measured by SC-BU and SC-TD did not differ significantly showing procedural invariance. Further, patients indicated ambivalence when given the choice not to definitely state their preferences.Conclusions.The results show that different strategies to collect standard gamble utilities can yield different results. Compared with the usually applied ISG, the SC method is feasible in interviews and provides a consistent alternative that is less costly when used in mailed questionnaires, although its practicability has to be improved in this later setting.}, language = {en} } @article{HammerschmidtBanzWagenpfeiletal.2004, author = {Hammerschmidt, Thomas and Banz, K. and Wagenpfeil, S. and Neiss, A. and Wutzler, P.}, title = {Economic Evaluation of Varicella Vaccination Programmes: A Review of the Literature}, series = {Pharmaco Economics}, journal = {Pharmaco Economics}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Chickenpox infections are generally mild but due to their very high incidence among healthy children they give rise to considerable morbidity and occasional mortality. With the development of a varicella vaccine in the early 1970s and its progressive licensing in many countries, interest in the efficiency of varicella immunisation programmes grew. The objective of this review was to discuss the methodological aspects and results of published economic evaluations of varicella vaccination. From this, we attempted to make recommendations. A computerised search was carried out; 17 full economic evaluations of varicella vaccination were retrieved. The review identified the methodological divergences and similarities between the articles in four areas: study design, epidemiological data, economic data and model characteristics. We assessed to what extent the applied methods conform to general guidelines for the economic evaluation of healthcare interventions and compared the studies' results. The desirability of a universal vaccination programme depends on whose perspective is taken. Despite variability in data and model assumptions, the studies suggest that universal vaccination of infants is attractive to society because large savings occur from averted unproductive days for parents. For the healthcare payer, universal vaccination of infants does not generate savings. Vaccination of susceptible adolescents has been proposed by some authors as a viable alternative; the attractiveness of this is highly dependent on the negative predictive value of anamnestic screening. Targeted vaccination of healthcare workers and immunocompromised individuals appears relatively cost effective. Findings for other target groups are either contradictory or provide insufficient evidence for any unequivocal recommendations to be made. High sensitivity to vaccine price was reported in most studies. This review highlights that some aspects of these studies need to be further improved before final recommendations can be made. First, more transparency, completeness and compliance to general methodological guidelines are required. Second, because of the increasing severity of varicella with age, it is preferable and in some cases essential to use dynamic models for the assessment of universal vaccination strategies. Third, most studies focused on the strategy of vaccinating children only while their results depended heavily on disputable assumptions (regarding vaccine effectiveness and impact on herpes zoster). Since violation of these assumptions could have important adverse public health effects, we suggest pre-adolescent vaccination as a more secure alternative. This option deserves more attention in future analyses.}, language = {en} } @article{Hammerschmidt2004, author = {Hammerschmidt, Thomas}, title = {Einfluss einer generellen Impfung von Kleinkindern gegen Varizellen auf die Budgets der gesetzlichen Krankenkassen in Deutschland}, series = {Pharmaco Economics German Research Articles}, journal = {Pharmaco Economics German Research Articles}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Introduction Universal varicella vaccination of infants in Germany was shown to be effective and cost-saving by the EVITA-model (Economic Varicella VaccInation Tool for Analysis).[1] However, affordability proves to be a "fourth hurdle". The objective of this study is to examine budget impacts of universal varicella vaccination from a payer's (sickness funds') perspective. Methods The validated, dynamic infections disease model EVITA was used to analyse budget impacts over 30 years. Universal vaccination of children in their second life year was compared to the currently recommended risk-group strategy. In the USA, universal varicella vaccination was implemented in 1996. Based on US-experience, three scenarios for the development of the coverage rates have been estimated. The price level of 2002 was used. Future costs were not discounted to show the full budget impact in future years. Aspects concerning the incidence of herpes zoster have not been included in the analysis. Results Under the current risk-group strategy, an annual average of 721,400 cases, 38,700 complications and 5,500 hospitalisations occur in Germany. Annual varicella costs for sickness funds amount to 73 million €, 50 \% thereof due to sick-leave costs of parents staying at home to care for their sick child covered by sickness funds. Other costs relate to hospitalisations (24 \%), physician services (12 \%), medication (11 \%) and vaccination (3 \%). With a universal vaccination strategy, morbidity is on average reduced by 75 \% to 80 \% (this and the following results depend on the analysed scenario). Vaccination costs rise to a maximum of 42-43 million € p. a. within about 10-12 years and therefore account — at maximum — for about 0.03 \% of the total payers' health care budget. Other varicella costs however decrease by more than 80 \% in the same time. Overall varicella costs rise by 8 \% to 13 \% in the first few years because of the additional investment in vaccination. In the 6th to 8th year, however, savings in treatment and work loss costs compensate vaccination costs, leading to net savings. Over 30 years, average annual varicella costs decrease by 31 \% to 33 \% to a level between 49 and 51 million €. Sensitivity analyses showed only marginal variations in these results with maximum coverage rate, price of vaccine, and work loss costs being the most influential variables. Conclusions Under the current risk-group vaccination strategy, varicella causes a high burden of disease resulting in considerable utilisation of health care resources and related costs. Universal vaccination can effectively reduce morbidity and utilisation. This strategy has a small impact on overall health care costs. For a short time, investment in varicella vaccination causes additional costs, which are low compared to current annual varicella costs, and does not influence sickness funds' premiums. Reduced morbidity rapidly leads to savings and significant net-savings occur in 6-8 years.}, language = {de} } @article{HammerschmidtZeitlerLeidl2004, author = {Hammerschmidt, Thomas and Zeitler, HP and Leidl, R.}, title = {A utility-theoretic approach to the aggregation of willingness to pay measured in decomposed scenarios: development and empirical test.}, series = {Health Econ}, journal = {Health Econ}, year = {2004}, abstract = {For cost-benefit analysis, health technologies with multiple effects should be valued in a single scenario by a holistic willingness-to-pay (WTP) measure. Recent studies instead used decomposed scenarios in which respondents report their WTP for each individual effect. Evidence can be found that the sum of such decomposed WTPs overestimates the holistic WTP, i.e. the holistic WTP is sub-additive. This sum of decomposed WTPs can lead to wrong conclusions on the efficiency of health technologies. This is also relevant in decision making about new technologies that are valued separately in different surveys. To date, no utility-theoretical and empirically validated aggregation function for decomposed WTPs exists. Within an expected utility model, this paper identifies as a reason for sub-additivity - beside risk aversion with respect to wealth - a negative influence of better health on the marginal utility of wealth, i.e. marginal utility of wealth is smaller in better health states. Assuming mutual utility independence of health and wealth, a theoretically founded aggregation function covering these two impacts is derived. In a contingent valuation study, 92 patients with diabetes were asked to state their WTP for reductions of the risk of several diabetic complications in decomposed as well as in holistic scenarios. The patients had preferences with a significant negative influence of health on the marginal utility of wealth. Sub-additivity occurred and theoretically founded aggregation could considerably lower the degree of overestimation. These results suggest that the theoretically founded aggregation function might reduce problems of sub-additivity that can be economically relevant. Further empirical testing of the approach is indicated.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SeifertBenekenBaehr2004, author = {Seifert, T. and Beneken, Gerd and Baehr, N.}, title = {Engineering Long-Lived Applications Using MDA}, series = {Intl. Conference on Software Engineering and Applications, pp. 241-246, Cambridge}, booktitle = {Intl. Conference on Software Engineering and Applications, pp. 241-246, Cambridge}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Creating long-lived software systems requires a technol ogy to build systems with good maintainability. One of the core ideas of the Model Driven Architecture (MDA) is to ease the change of the run-time platform by raising the level of abstraction in which just the business aspects are modelled, and by separating business aspects from techni cal issues and implementation details. This article anal yses the MDA approach with respect to maintainability. We argue that MDA systems will become even harder to maintain because the maintainability depends on the sys tem's (development) environment. MDA, UML and other base technologies are still under development, therefore the tools will change considerably. While the MDA possibly eases the change of the run-time platform, we show that it is quite difficult to exchange a link in the development tool chain. Our argumentation is based on the general proper ties of software evolution and the dependency chains in the development and run-time environments. It is backed by experiences with MDA development as well as by analo gies to general maintenance experiences.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BenekenSeifertBaehretal.2004, author = {Beneken, Gerd and Seifert, T. and Baehr, N. and Hanschke, I. and Rauch, O.}, title = {Referenzarchitekturen und MDA, In INFORMATIK 2004 - Informatik verbindet}, series = {Beitr{\"a}ge der 34. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik e.V.}, booktitle = {Beitr{\"a}ge der 34. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik e.V.}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Dieser Beitrag beschreibt, wie Referenzarchitekturen die MDA nutzbar machen. Die Referenzarchitekturen liefern dabei die konzeptionelle Unterst{\"u}tzung f{\"u}r die Konstruktion und Implementierung von Software und die MDA bietet den Rahmen f{\"u}r eine Werkzeugunterst{\"u}tzung. Die praktische Umsetzbarkeit wird mit dem OpenSource Framework AndroMDA und einer Referenzarchitektur der Firma iteratec GmbH gezeigt.}, language = {de} } @article{BenekenDeisenboeck2004, author = {Beneken, Gerd and Deisenb{\"o}ck, F.}, title = {Java Server Faces}, series = {JavaSpektrum}, journal = {JavaSpektrum}, number = {04/2004}, year = {2004}, language = {en} } @incollection{HoltzHessingerRaboldetal.2004, author = {Holtz, F. and Hessinger, J. and Rabold, Andreas and Buschbacher, H.P.}, title = {Informationsdienst Holz -Schallschutz-W{\"a}nde und D{\"a}cher".}, series = {Holzbau Handbuch, Reihe 3, Teil 3, Folge 4}, booktitle = {Holzbau Handbuch, Reihe 3, Teil 3, Folge 4}, publisher = {Entwicklungsgemeinschaft Holzbau (EGH)}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, publisher = {Technische Hochschule Rosenheim}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Die schalltechnische Planung eines Mehrfamilienhauses in Holzbauweise stellt in der Regel eine gr{\"o}ßere Herausforderung dar, als die Planung eines vergleichbaren Bauvorhabens in Beton- und Mauerwerksbauweise. Die Ursache dieses Ungleichgewichts ist nicht nur in den vielf{\"a}ltigen Gestaltungs- und Ausf{\"u}h- rungsvarianten des Holzbaus zu suchen, sondern vielmehr in den fehlenden Planungsunterla- gen zum Schallschutz und der ungen{\"u}genden Ber{\"u}cksichtigung des Holzbaus in den ein- schl{\"a}gigen Normen. Zur Beseitigung dieser Schieflage wurden in der Vergangenheit unter Koordination der Deut- schen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Holzforschung auf Grundlage umfangreicher Forschungsvorhaben ver- schiedene Schriften in der Reihe Informationsdienst Holz ver{\"o}ffentlicht, die Planungsgrundla- gen f{\"u}r Decken, W{\"a}nde und D{\"a}cher bilden [2] , [3] . Diese Ergebnisse fließen nun auch in die derzeit in Bearbeitung befindliche Neufassung der DIN 4109 ein. Neben dem Bauteilkatalog wird auch das Nachweisverfahren aktualisiert und an die europ{\"a}ische Normung (EN 12354) angepasst. F{\"u}r den Holzbau wurde das Berech- nungsverfahren inzwischen in verschiedenen Vorhaben verifiziert [4] , [5] und an die speziellen Schall{\"u}bertragungsmechanismen im Holzbau angepasst [6] , [7] . Um dem subjektiven Empfinden des Bewohners gerecht zu werden, ist gerade bei leichten Holzbauteilen die Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der tieffrequenten Schall{\"u}bertragung empfehlenswert. Dies kann in den meisten europ{\"a}ischen L{\"a}ndern derzeit nur zus{\"a}tzlich zum schalltechnischen Nachweis erfolgen, da die normativen Anforderungen die tieffrequente Schall{\"u}bertragung nur ungen{\"u}gend oder gar nicht ber{\"u}cksichtigen. Nachfolgend wird daher auch auf aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse zur tieffrequenten {\"U}bertra- gung n{\"a}her eingegangen und die neuen Berechnungsm{\"o}glichkeiten f{\"u}r den schalltechnischen Nachweis im Holzbau vorgestellt. Die Berechnungsergebnisse werden mit Messergebnissen am Bau verglichen und es werden erg{\"a}nzende Hinweise zur Vermeidung von Baufehlern ge- geben.}, language = {de} } @techreport{Rabold2004, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Rabold, Andreas}, title = {Vorbereitende Arbeiten zur Berechnung der Trittschalld{\"a}mmung von Holzbalkendecken anhand der Finiten Elemente Methode.Diplomarbeit am Lehrstuhl f{\"u}r Bauinformatik}, year = {2004}, language = {de} }