@article{MoroneVieiraLangeetal.2026, author = {Morone, Piergiuseppe and Vieira, Helena and Lange, Lene and Meer, Yvonne Van der and Penttil{\"a}, Merja and Dragicevic, Arnaud and Koukios, Emmanuel and Krommes, Sandra and Alvarino Pereira, Teresa and Vincevica-Gaile, Zane and Vidarsson, Jonas and Zorpas, Antonis A. and Zimmermannova, Jarmilla and Zimniewska, Malgorzata and O'Connor, Kevin E.}, title = {The European Bioeconomy strategy revision: an opportunity to go against the tide and secure a sustainable future}, series = {Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy}, volume = {13}, journal = {Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy}, number = {100204}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy}, doi = {10.1016/j.clcb.2026.100204}, pages = {1 -- 9}, year = {2026}, abstract = {In today's tense geopolitical landscape, marked by strained relations among major powers and deep-rooted dependence on fossil-based economies, the emerging modern bioeconomy can provide resource independence and resilience, in tandem with economic, social, and environmental benefits, and thus has the potential to underpin a sustainable future. The bioeconomy is a vital cross-cutting meta-sector, but it is not inherently circular or sustainable; without intentional design, it risks becoming a linear, unsustainable replacement of the fossil-based economy. Realising its full promise requires purposeful engineering to address climate change, biodiversity loss, strengthen resource independence, support food security and resilience, create jobs, promote social inclusion, boost competitiveness and autonomy, and improve human, animal, and environmental health. The potential is enormous, but so are the challenges society faces in realising the vision for a biobased, nature-positive future.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KrommesHuberPschereretal.2025, author = {Krommes, Sandra and Huber, Gretel and Pscherer, Theresa and Nemeth, Isabell}, title = {Circular economy in life cycle costing: a literature review in the construction sector}, series = {Journal of Physics: Conference Series}, booktitle = {Journal of Physics: Conference Series}, publisher = {IOP Science}, doi = {10.1088/1742-6596/3140/13/132012}, pages = {1 -- 7}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Circular economy (CE) has become important in reducing the environmental impact of the construction sector. For the transformation from linear to CE, decision support tools and methods are needed to assess and promote CE for constructions. With regard to sustainable financial decisions, life cycle costing (LCC) is the preferred method. However, the LCC approaches and their application in CE research differ. Based on a systematic literature review, the relevance of refurbishment in operation, reuse, recycling and disposal at end-of-life (EoL) in LCC is assessed. As a result, LCC has gained relevance in the construction sector, but CE plays a subordinate role in LCC applications. Costs or benefits of CE are often neglected. However, some research have shown that refurbishment as well as reuse and recycling can outweigh higher initial cost over lifetime. The internalisation of environmental and social impacts or even benefits are also rare. In particular, there is a lack of research on how to internalise the environmental benefits of refurbishment, reuse and recycling or how to effectively incentivise higher CE efforts in LCC in order to encourage decision-making in construction towards CE.}, language = {en} } @incollection{TomaschkoHuberKrommes2025, author = {Tomaschko, Florian and Huber, Gretel and Krommes, Sandra}, title = {Nachhaltiges Rohstoffrisikomanagement: Bewertungsinstrumente f{\"u}r KMU}, editor = {Wellbrock, Wanja and Ludin, Daniela}, publisher = {Springer Gabler}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {ISBN 978-3-658-47227-6}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-47228-3_26}, publisher = {Technische Hochschule Rosenheim}, pages = {579 -- 605}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Durch die fortlaufende Industrialisierung der Fertigungsprozesse steigt der Bedarf an Rohstoffen kontinuierlich an. Dabei r{\"u}cken neben den traditionellen Rohstoffen zunehmend auch kritische Rohstoffe in den Fokus der Industrie. Die traditionelle Perspektive auf Rohstoffe hat sich um Aspekte der Nachhaltigkeit erweitert, wodurch nun auch Ressourcen wie Luft, Wasser, Fl{\"a}che und Biodiversit{\"a}t als Rohstoffe im weiteren Sinne betrachtet werden. Die Beschaffung von Rohstoffen birgt f{\"u}r Unternehmen verschiedene Risiken, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Preisvolatilit{\"a}t und der Verf{\"u}gbarkeit, aber auch in Bezug auf Umwelt- und sozial-gesellschaftliche Risiken. Kleinere und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) stehen aufgrund begrenzter Ressourcen bei Zeit, Personal und finanzieller Mittel sowie eingeschr{\"a}nkter Datenverf{\"u}gbarkeit und fehlendem Fachwissen vor besonderen Herausforderungen. Die bestehenden Methoden zur Bewertung von Rohstoffrisiken sind h{\"a}ufig nicht auf die spezifischen Bed{\"u}rfnisse von KMU zugeschnitten. Unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der Anforderungen von KMU werden geeignete Methoden und spezifische Indikatoren zur Bewertung von Rohstoffrisiken identifiziert. Die Indikatoren bilden unterschiedliche Aspekte der drei Nachhaltigkeits-Dimensionen {\"O}konomie, {\"O}kologie (Umwelt) und Soziales (Gesellschaft) ab. Sie sind Basis f{\"u}r ein Monitoringsystem, welches in ein Risikomanagement bei KMU integriert werden kann. Die {\"U}berlegungen werden durch ein praxisorientiertes Beispiel erg{\"a}nzt, um die Herausforderungen in KMU und die Umsetzung des Bewertungsinstruments zu veranschaulichen.}, subject = {Rohstoffkritikalit{\"a}t}, language = {de} } @article{PschererKrommes2024, author = {Pscherer, Theresa and Krommes, Sandra}, title = {LCA standards for environmental product assessments in the bioeconomy with a focus on biogenic carbon: A systematic review}, series = {International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment}, journal = {International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-024-02387-7}, pages = {1 -- 23}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Purpose Climate change mitigation is one of the priorities of the European Bioeconomy Strategy (BES). In this regard, renewable raw materials are a crucial resource, as they help to substitute fossil resources and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by storing biogenic carbon (C). To control the environmental impact of the European BES, the life cycle assessment (LCA) is the preferred method. Standards provide guidance for LCA. This review aims to present the state of the art of LCA-related standards, focusing on the assessment of biogenic C and its global warming potential (GWP) to evaluate them for decision-making with regard to the transition to a bioeconomy (BE) and climate change mitigation. Methods A systematic review is conducted using the database Nautos to reveal the relevant standards guiding LCA in the BE. In an iterative process, criteria for a comparative analysis are defined. The eligible standards are then qualitatively analysed and compared based on criteria previously derived in the iterative process. Results and discussion In the context of LCA and bio-based products, 13 documents are identified. Differences are revealed in the accounting of biogenic C flows, the calculation of the duration of biogenic C storage and the biogenic C content as well as the consideration of substitution effects. Furthermore, the standards do not provide any information on the assessment of biogenic C in the circular economy so far. Conclusion The importance of biogenic C aspects in LCA has been reflected in the standards over the last 20 years. However, further research is needed to harmonise the different aspects and integrate new relevant ones related to biogenic C and BE to support decision-making for the transition to a BE. This becomes more important as new legislation refers to LCA standards as the preferred assessment method.}, language = {en} } @article{TomaschkoReicheltKrommes2024, author = {Tomaschko, Florian and Reichelt, Lukas and Krommes, Sandra}, title = {Digitalisation of Manufacturing Systems: A Literature Review of Approaches to Assess the Sustainability of Digitalisation Technologies in Production Systems}, series = {Sustainability}, volume = {16}, journal = {Sustainability}, number = {15}, publisher = {MDPI}, doi = {10.3390/su16156275}, pages = {6275}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The digitalisation of production has a positive impact on manufacturing processes in terms of resource efficiency and environmental impact, particularly in the form of increased efficiency as well as cost and resource savings. However, the use of digitalisation technologies is also associated with efforts such as costs, CO2 emissions, and raw material consumption. When planning or deciding on the digitalisation of manufacturing systems, it is therefore necessary to assess whether these technologies pay off in terms of sustainability over their life cycle. This literature review (based on the PRISMA guidelines) analyses the relevance of sustainability assessment and its methods for the digitalisation of production in research. The review reveals that research focuses on the benefits of digitalisation technologies in manufacturing, while the assessment of efforts and their benefits is in its infancy. There is a need for further research on holistic assessment methods for digitalisation technologies. In particular, there is a lack of assessment methods that consistently link the economic and environmental dimensions of sustainability, and there is also a lack of guidance for the application of assessment methods in production.}, language = {en} } @article{MehtaKlarmann2024, author = {Mehta, Devang and Klarmann, Noah}, title = {Autoencoder-Based Visual Anomaly Localization for Manufacturing Quality Control}, series = {Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction}, volume = {6}, journal = {Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction}, number = {1}, doi = {10.3390/make6010001}, pages = {1 -- 17}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Manufacturing industries require the efficient and voluminous production of high-quality finished goods. In the context of Industry 4.0, visual anomaly detection poses an optimistic solution for automatically controlled product quality with high precision. In general, automation based on computer vision is a promising solution to prevent bottlenecks at the product quality checkpoint. We considered recent advancements in machine learning to improve visual defect localization, but challenges persist in obtaining a balanced feature set and database of the wide variety of defects occurring in the production line. Hence, this paper proposes a defect localizing autoencoder with unsupervised class selection by clustering with k-means the features extracted from a pretrained VGG16 network. Moreover, the selected classes of defects are augmented with natural wild textures to simulate artificial defects. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of the defect localizing autoencoder with unsupervised class selection for improving defect detection in manufacturing industries. The proposed methodology shows promising results with precise and accurate localization of quality defects on melamine-faced boards for the furniture industry. Incorporating artificial defects into the training data shows significant potential for practical implementation in real-world quality control scenarios.}, language = {en} } @article{VivekanandanWirthKarlbaueretal.2023, author = {Vivekanandan, Deepak and Wirth, Samuel and Karlbauer, Patrick and Klarmann, Noah}, title = {A Reinforcement Learning Approach for Scheduling Problems with Improved Generalization through Order Swapping}, series = {Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction}, volume = {5}, journal = {Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction}, number = {2}, doi = {10.3390/make5020025}, pages = {418 -- 430}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The scheduling of production resources (such as associating jobs to machines) plays a vital role for the manufacturing industry not only for saving energy, but also for increasing the overall efficiency. Among the different job scheduling problems, the Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP) is addressed in this work. JSSP falls into the category of NP-hard Combinatorial Optimization Problem (COP), in which solving the problem through exhaustive search becomes unfeasible. Simple heuristics such as First-In, First-Out, Largest Processing Time First and metaheuristics such as taboo search are often adopted to solve the problem by truncating the search space. The viability of the methods becomes inefficient for large problem sizes as it is either far from the optimum or time consuming. In recent years, the research towards using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to solve COPs has gained interest and has shown promising results in terms of solution quality and computational efficiency. In this work, we provide an novel approach to solve the JSSP examining the objectives generalization and solution effectiveness using DRL. In particular, we employ the Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm that adopts the policy-gradient paradigm that is found to perform well in the constrained dispatching of jobs. We incorporated a new method called Order Swapping Mechanism (OSM) in the environment to achieve better generalized learning of the problem. The performance of the presented approach is analyzed in depth by using a set of available benchmark instances and comparing our results with the work of other groups.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{JosifovskiMalmirKlarmannetal.2022, author = {Josifovski, Josip and Malmir, Mohammadhossein and Klarmann, Noah and Žagar, Bare Luka and Navarro-Guerrero, Nicol{\´a}s and Knoll, Alois}, title = {Analysis of Randomization Effects on Sim2Real Transfer in Reinforcement Learning for Robotic Manipulation Tasks}, series = {2022 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Kyoto, Japan}, booktitle = {2022 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Kyoto, Japan}, doi = {10.1109/IROS47612.2022.9981951}, pages = {10193 -- 10200}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Randomization is currently a widely used approach in Sim2Real transfer for data-driven learning algorithms in robotics. Still, most Sim2Real studies report results for a specific randomization technique and often on a highly customized robotic system, making it difficult to evaluate different randomization approaches systematically. To address this problem, we define an easy-to-reproduce experimental setup for a robotic reach-and-balance manipulator task, which can serve as a benchmark for comparison. We compare four randomization strategies with three randomized parameters both in simulation and on a real robot. Our results show that more randomization helps in Sim2Real transfer, yet it can also harm the ability of the algorithm to find a good policy in simulation. Fully randomized simulations and fine-tuning show differentiated results and translate better to the real robot than the other approaches tested}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TomaschkoKrommes2023, author = {Tomaschko, Florian and Krommes, Sandra}, title = {Future Work Skills im Bachelorstudium kontextbasiert und problemorientiert vermitteln}, series = {Future Work Skills im Bachelorstudium kontextbasiert und problemorientiert vermitteln}, booktitle = {Future Work Skills im Bachelorstudium kontextbasiert und problemorientiert vermitteln}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:861-opus4-23200}, pages = {2}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Posterpr{\"a}sentation am Tag der digitalen Lehre an der Universit{\"a}t Regensburg (26.09.2023 - 27.09.2023) Im Bachelorstudium Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen an der Technischen Hochschule Rosenheim durchlaufen die Studierenden ab dem ersten Semester miteinander verzahnte und aufeinander aufbauende Inhalte, die sich an den Problemstellungen eines fiktiven Unternehmens orientieren. Dabei ziehen sich die praxisnahen Inhalte der „Rosenheimer Mobility Werke" wie ein roter Faden durch das gesamte Studium.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KrommesBrunsmeierAuer2023, author = {Krommes, Sandra and Brunsmeier, Martin and Auer, Veronika}, title = {Bio{\"o}konomie - welchen Beitrag kann die {\"O}kobilanzierung leisten?}, series = {1. Internationales Wood BioEconomy-Forum (WBE)}, booktitle = {1. Internationales Wood BioEconomy-Forum (WBE)}, address = {Rosenheim}, year = {2023}, language = {de} }