@article{HanslmayrStaudiglAslanetal.2010, author = {Hanslmayr, Simon and Staudigl, Tobias and Aslan, Alp and B{\"a}uml, Karl-Heinz}, title = {Theta oscillations predict the detrimental effects of memory retrieval}, series = {Cognitive, Affective, \& Behavioral Neuroscience}, volume = {10}, journal = {Cognitive, Affective, \& Behavioral Neuroscience}, number = {3}, pages = {329 -- 338}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Retrieving a target item from episodic memory typically enhances later memory for the retrieved item but causes forgetting of competing irrelevant memories. This finding is termed retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) and is assumed to be the consequence of an inhibitory mechanism resolving retrieval competition. In the present study, we examined brain oscillatory processes related to RIF, as induced by competitive memory retrieval. Contrasting a competitive with a noncompetitive retrieval condition, we found a stronger increase in early evoked theta (4-7 Hz) activity, which specifically predicted RIF, but not retrieval-induced enhancement. Within the cognitive framework of RIF, these findings suggest that theta oscillations reflect arising interference and its resolution during competitive retrieval in episodic memory.}, language = {en} } @article{BaeumlAslan2006, author = {B{\"a}uml, Karl-Heinz and Aslan, Alp}, title = {Part-list cuing can be transient and lasting: The role of encoding}, series = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition}, volume = {32}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition}, number = {1}, pages = {33 -- 43}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The presentation of a subset of learned items as retrieval cues can have detrimental effects on recall of the remaining items. For 2 types of encoding conditions, the authors examined in 3 experiments whether such part-list cuing is a transient or a lasting phenomenon. Across the experiments, the detrimental effect of part-list cues was consistently found to be transient with a high degree of interitem associations and lasting with a low degree. These results indicate that the persistence of part-list cuing depends on encoding, thus challenging both strategy disruption and retrieval inhibition as general accounts of part-list cuing. A 2-mechanism account is provided according to which the 2 mechanisms mediate the effect in different encoding conditions.}, language = {en} } @article{BaeumlAslan2004, author = {B{\"a}uml, Karl-Heinz and Aslan, Alp}, title = {Part-list cuing as instructed retrieval inhibition}, series = {Memory \& Cognition}, volume = {32}, journal = {Memory \& Cognition}, number = {4}, pages = {610 -- 617}, year = {2004}, abstract = {The reexposure of a subset of learned material as a retrieval cue can impair recall of the remaining material. Like part-list relearning—the reexposure of learned material for additional learning—this part-list cuing is often assumed to be the result of output order biases at test, caused by the increased strength of the reexposed material. We directly compared the effects of cuing and relearning when controlling for output order biases. In addition, we compared the two forms of reexposure with the effect of part-list retrieval. Both part-list cuing and part-list retrieval reduced recall performance for the remaining material. By contrast, part-list relearning had no such detrimental effect. These results indicate that the effect of reexposure depends on whether material is reexposed as a cue or for relearning, suggesting that part-list cuing reflects an instructional effect. Evidence is provided that part-list cuing leads to instructed covert retrieval of cue items and causes retrieval inhibition of noncue items, similar to how overt retrieval inhibits nonretrieved items.}, language = {en} } @article{JohanssonAslanBaeumletal.2007, author = {Johansson, Mikael and Aslan, Alp and B{\"a}uml, Karl-Heinz and G{\"a}bel, Andrea and Mecklinger, Axel}, title = {When Remembering Causes Forgetting: Electrophysiological Correlates of Retrieval-Induced Forgetting}, series = {Cerebral Cortex}, volume = {17}, journal = {Cerebral Cortex}, number = {6}, pages = {1335 -- 1341}, year = {2007}, abstract = {People tend to forget information that is related to memories they are actively trying to retrieve. On the basis of results from behavioral studies, such retrieval-induced forgetting is held to result from inhibitory control processes that are recruited to attenuate interference caused by competing memory traces. Employing electrophysiological measures of brain activity, the present study examined the neural correlates of these inhibitory processes as they operate. The results demonstrate that sustained prefrontal event-related potentials were 1) related to whether or not selective memory retrieval was required during reprocessing of previously studied words and 2) predictive of individual differences in the amount of forgetting observed in an ensuing recall test. The present findings give support to an inhibitory control account of retrieval-induced forgetting and are in accord with the view that prefrontal regions play an important role in the selection and maintenance of relevant memory representations at the expense of those currently irrelevant.}, language = {en} } @article{AslanBaeumlGrundgeiger2007, author = {Aslan, Alp and B{\"a}uml, Karl-Heinz and Grundgeiger, Tobias}, title = {The role of inhibitory processes in part-list cuing}, series = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition}, volume = {33}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition}, number = {2}, pages = {335 -- 341}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Providing a subset of studied items as retrieval cues can have detrimental effects on recall of the remaining items. In 2 experiments, the authors examined such part-list cuing impairment in a repeated testing situation. Participants studied exemplars from several semantic categories and were given 2 successive cued-recall tests separated by a distractor task of several minutes. Part-list cues were provided in the 1st test but not the 2nd. Noncue item recall was tested with the studied category cues (same probes) in the 1st test, but novel, unstudied retrieval cues (independent probes) in the 2nd test. The authors found detrimental effects of part-list cues in both the 1st (same-probe) test and the 2nd (independent-probe) test. These results show that part-list cuing impairment can be lasting and is not eliminated with independent probes. The findings support the view that the impairment was caused by retrieval inhibition.}, language = {en} } @article{AslanBaeumlPastoetter2007, author = {Aslan, Alp and B{\"a}uml, Karl-Heinz and Past{\"o}tter, Bernhard}, title = {No Inhibitory Deficit in Older Adults' Episodic Memory}, series = {Psychological Science}, volume = {18}, journal = {Psychological Science}, number = {1}, pages = {72 -- 78}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Selectively retrieving a subset of previously studied material can cause forgetting of the unpracticed material. Such retrieval-induced forgetting is attributed to an inhibitory mechanism recruited to resolve interference among competing items. According to the inhibition-deficit hypothesis, older people experience a specific decline in inhibitory function and thus should show reduced retrieval-induced forgetting. However, the results of the two experiments reported here show the same amount of retrieval-induced forgetting in younger and older adults. These results indicate that retrieval inhibition is intact in older adults' episodic recall. The findings suggest that the common view of a general inhibitory deficit in older adults needs to be updated and that older adults show intact inhibition in some cognitive tasks and deficient inhibition in others.}, language = {en} } @article{HanslmayrAslanStaudigletal.2007, author = {Hanslmayr, Simon and Aslan, Alp and Staudigl, Tobias and Klimesch, Wolfgang and Herrmann, Christoph S. and B{\"a}uml, Karl-Heinz}, title = {Prestimulus oscillations predict visual perception performance between and within subjects}, series = {NeuroImage}, volume = {37}, journal = {NeuroImage}, number = {4}, pages = {1465 -- 1473}, year = {2007}, abstract = {In the present study, the electrophysiological correlates of perceiving shortly presented visual stimuli are examined. In particular, we investigated the differences in the prestimulus EEG between subjects who were able to discriminate between four shortly presented stimuli (Perceivers) and subjects who were not (Non-Perceivers). Additionally, we investigated the differences between the subjects perceived and unperceived trials. The results show that Perceivers exhibited lower prestimulus alpha power than Non-Perceivers. Analysis of the prestimulus EEG between perceived and unperceived trials revealed that the perception of a stimulus is related to low phase coupling in the alpha frequency range (8-12 Hz) and high phase coupling in the beta and gamma frequency range (20-45 Hz). Single trial analyses showed that perception performance can be predicted by phase coupling in the alpha, beta and gamma frequency range. The findings indicate that synchronous oscillations in the alpha frequency band inhibit the perception of shortly presented stimuli whereas synchrony in higher frequency ranges (> 20 Hz) enhances visual perception. We conclude that alpha, beta and gamma oscillations indicate the attentional state of a subject and thus are able to predict perception performance on a single trial basis.}, language = {en} } @article{AslanBaeuml2007, author = {Aslan, Alp and B{\"a}uml, Karl-Heinz}, title = {Part-list cuing with and without item-specific probes: The role of encoding}, series = {Psychonomic Bulletin \& Review}, volume = {14}, journal = {Psychonomic Bulletin \& Review}, number = {3}, pages = {489 -- 494}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Part-list cuing—the detrimental effect of the presentation of a subset of studied items on recall of the remaining noncue items—was examined in three different study conditions and in the presence and absence of the noncues' initial letters serving as item-specific probes. With a single study trial, part-list cuing was observed both with and without item-specific probes. By contrast, when participants received two study-test cycles or interrelated list items to a common story, part-list cues were found to be detrimental only in the absence of item-specific probes, but not in their presence. These results indicate that the role of item-specific probes in part-list cuing depends on encoding. The findings are consistent with a recent two-mechanism account of part-list cuing (B{\"a}uml \& Aslan, 2006), according to which two different mechanisms mediate the effect in different encoding situations.}, language = {en} } @article{AslanBaeuml2009, author = {Aslan, Alp and B{\"a}uml, Karl-Heinz}, title = {The role of item similarity in part-list cueing impairment}, series = {The role of item similarity in part-list cueing impairment}, volume = {17}, journal = {The role of item similarity in part-list cueing impairment}, number = {7}, pages = {697 -- 707}, year = {2009}, abstract = {The presentation of a subset of studied items as retrieval cues can have detrimental effects on recall of the remaining (target) items. In three experiments we examined whether such part-list cueing impairment depends on the similarity between cue and target items. Item similarity was manipulated by making use of pre-experimental semantic similarities between cue and target items (Experiments 1 and 2), or was episodically induced through a similarity-encoding task, in which participants were asked to interrelate cue and target items in a meaningful way (Experiment 3). In all three experiments reliable part-list cueing impairment arose when the similarity between cues and targets was low, but no impairment was found when the similarity between cues and targets was high. Inhibitory as well as non-inhibitory explanations of the findings are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{AslanBaeuml2008, author = {Aslan, Alp and B{\"a}uml, Karl-Heinz}, title = {Memorial consequences of imagination in children and adults}, series = {Psychonomic Bulletin \& Review}, volume = {15}, journal = {Psychonomic Bulletin \& Review}, number = {4}, pages = {833 -- 837}, year = {2008}, abstract = {Recent work with adults suggests that imagination can impair later recall of previously encoded events but can improve recall of subsequently encoded events. The present study examined the memorial consequences of imagination in children. Kindergartners, first and fourth graders, and young adults studied two successively presented lists of items. Between the two lists, participants were given an imagination task supposed to create a change in mental context. As expected, in adults, the imagination task impaired recall of the previously encoded material (List 1) and improved recall of the subsequently encoded material (List 2). In children, significant List 1 impairment was present from first grade on, but even fourth graders failed to show improvement for List 2. The results challenge a purely context-based explanation of the memorial costs and benefits of imagination. Instead, they suggest that the two effects are mediated by different mechanisms with different developmental trajectories.}, language = {en} }