@inproceedings{DietlmeierRajanLeiteretal.2023, author = {Dietlmeier, Maximilian and Rajan, Aromal Somarajan and Leiter, Nina and Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Versen, Martin}, title = {Klassifizierung von Altholz durch FD-FLIM Bilder mit neuronalen Netzen}, series = {Tagungsband AALE 2023}, booktitle = {Tagungsband AALE 2023}, doi = {10.33968/2023.24}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Holz ist eine der wichtigsten erneuerbaren Ressourcen und kann recycelt werden, wobei derzeit nur unbehandeltes Holz in mehreren Lebenszyklen verwendet werden kann. Allerdings werden in Altholzsortieranlagen meist behandeltes und unbehandeltes Altholz gemischt angeliefert und es gibt keine automatische Klassifizierung zur sortenreinen Sortierung. Fr{\"u}here Studien zeigen, dass behandelte und unbehandelte Holzproben mit Hilfe von bildgebender Fluoreszenzabklingzeit Mikroskopie unterschieden werden k{\"o}nnen. Um den Prozess der Klassifizierung von Altholz anhand von Fluoreszenzabklingzeitbildern zu automatisieren, werden zwei neuronale Netzwerke (NN) evaluiert. Das erste NN ist ein MLP (Multi Layer Perceptron), das das Altholz anhand von Erwartungswert und Standardabweichung eines Fluoreszenzabklingzeitbildes klassifiziert. Das zweite untersuchte NN ist ein CNN (Convolutional Neural Network), das das Holz direkt anhand der Fluoreszenzabklingzeitbilder klassifiziert. Beide Netzwerke sind in Python implementiert, um die sp{\"a}tere Verwendung in einem automatischen Klassifizierungs- und Sortierprozess zu erleichtern. Die Evaluation der NN zeigt vielversprechende Ergebnisse zur automatisierten Klassifikation von Altholz.}, language = {de} } @article{LeiterWohlschlaegerVersen2023, author = {Leiter, Nina and Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Versen, Martin}, title = {Analysis of the phase-dependent fluorescence decay time of treated wood using FD-FLIM}, series = {tm - Technisches Messen}, volume = {90}, journal = {tm - Technisches Messen}, number = {6}, doi = {10.1515/teme-2022-0114}, pages = {401 -- 406}, year = {2023}, abstract = {For sustainable handling of wood and high material utilization, post-consumer wood has to be sorted by post-consumer wood categories in Germany. The non-destructive FD-FLIM method could improve the wood recycling process by automatic classification of waste wood into post-consumer wood classes. Thus, the phase-dependent fluorescence decay time of treated wood is analysed in this study to obtain the impact of the treatment on the fluorescence decay time. It is shown that treated and untreated wood can be differentiated using the fluorescence decay time, although the state-of-the-art theoretical fluorescence decay time differs from the experimentally determined fluorescence decay time.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LeiterWohlschlaegerAueretal.2021, author = {Leiter, Nina and Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Auer, Veronika and Versen, Martin and Laforsch, Christian}, title = {An algorithmic method to identify multiple wood species in a single image by their specific fluorescence lifetimes}, series = {OSA Imaging and Applied Optics Congress 2021 (3D, COSI, DH, ISA, pcAOP) (2021), paper CF2B.3}, booktitle = {OSA Imaging and Applied Optics Congress 2021 (3D, COSI, DH, ISA, pcAOP) (2021), paper CF2B.3}, doi = {10.1364/COSI.2021.CF2B.3}, pages = {CF2B.3}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) combined with an image processing algorithm is successfully used for the optical identification and areal separation of three wood species of maple, larch and nut in a single taken image.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WohlschlaegerHolstVersenetal.2021, author = {Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Holst, Gerhard and Versen, Martin and Laforsch, Christian}, title = {An optical method to differentiate wood from polymers using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy}, series = {OSA Optical Sensors and Sensing Congress 2021 (AIS, FTS, HISE, SENSORS, ES) (2021), paper EW4G.6}, booktitle = {OSA Optical Sensors and Sensing Congress 2021 (AIS, FTS, HISE, SENSORS, ES) (2021), paper EW4G.6}, doi = {10.1364/ES.2021.EW4G.6}, pages = {EW4G.6}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In this contribution investigations with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) are made to optically distinguish polymers and wood. The results show that the distinction and identification is possible in a graphical and calculative way.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SeehuberCraemerKipfelsbergeretal.2022, author = {Seehuber, S. and Cr{\"a}mer, P. and Kipfelsberger, S. and Versen, Martin}, title = {EtherCAT Gateway f{\"u}r eine Arduino basierte Luftqualit{\"a}ts-Messung zur Visualisierung an eine Beckhoff SPS}, series = {Tagungsband 3. Symposium Elektronik und Systemintegration ESI}, booktitle = {Tagungsband 3. Symposium Elektronik und Systemintegration ESI}, doi = {10.57688/366}, pages = {98 -- 106}, year = {2022}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{WohlschlaegerVersenLaforsch2022, author = {Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Versen, Martin and Laforsch, Christian}, title = {Investigation of the Impact of CaCO3 Concentrations on the Fluorescence Lifetime of Polypropylene}, series = {2022 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)}, booktitle = {2022 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)}, pages = {1 -- 2}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The impact of fillers on the fluorescence lifetime of polymers is still unknown. Investigating polypropylene containing different CaCO 3 concentrations using FD-FLIM show an exponential increase in fluorescence lifetime proportional to the CaCO 3 density in polypropylene.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BernoeckerLeiterWohlschlaegeretal.2022, author = {Bern{\"o}cker, Anton and Leiter, Nina and Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Versen, Martin}, title = {Entwicklung eines neuronalen Netzwerks als Basis zur automatisierten Holzartenerkennung}, series = {Tagungsband AALE 2022, 18. AALE-Konferenz. Pforzheim, 09.03.-11.03.2022}, booktitle = {Tagungsband AALE 2022, 18. AALE-Konferenz. Pforzheim, 09.03.-11.03.2022}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.33968/2022.11}, pages = {115 -- 124}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Holz ist ein vielseitig einsetzbarer nachwachsender Rohstoff. Neben seinem wirtschaftlichen Nutzen ist er f{\"u}r den Erhalt des Klimas unersetzlich. Eine sortenreine Sortierung f{\"u}r die Weiterverarbeitung von Altholz spielt f{\"u}r einen ressourcenschonenden Umgang eine wichtige Rolle. Um das Potenzial eines neuronalen Netzwerks basierend auf Messdaten der bildgebenden Fluoreszenzabklingzeitmessung f{\"u}r die Altholzsortierung aufzuzeigen, wurden zwei unterschiedliche Klassifikationsans{\"a}tze auf Basis der Programmiersprache Python gew{\"a}hlt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die bildbasierte Klassifizierung der Holzart mit einer Genauigkeit von 47,36 \% noch ausbauf{\"a}hig ist. Eine datenbasierte Klassifizierung der Holzart mit einer Identifikationsgenauigkeit von 98,28 \% ist dagegen vielversprechend.}, language = {de} } @article{HeitauerVersen2021, author = {Heitauer, Mathias and Versen, Martin}, title = {Evaluation of a Co-Simulation Approach for Functional Verification of Analog and Mixed Signal Devices}, series = {EDFA Technical Articles}, volume = {23}, journal = {EDFA Technical Articles}, number = {3}, doi = {10.31399/asm.edfa.2021-3.p008}, pages = {8 -- 12}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This article presents an automation workflow for the development of analog and mixed-signal devices similar to the two-stage process used for the design and verification of logic ICs. The use of a co-simulation interface makes it possible to build and verify failure models.}, language = {en} } @article{LeiterWohlschlaegerVersenetal.2022, author = {Leiter, Nina and Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Versen, Martin and Laforsch, Christian}, title = {An algorithmic method for the identification of wood species and the classification of post-consumer wood using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy}, series = {Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems}, volume = {11}, journal = {Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems}, number = {1}, doi = {10.5194/jsss-11-129-2022}, pages = {129 -- 136}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In this contribution the frequency domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FD-FLIM) technique is evaluated for post-consumer wood sorting. The fluorescence characteristics of several wood samples were determined, whereby two excitation wavelengths (405 and 488 nm) were used. The measured data were processed using algorithmic methods to identify the wood species and post-consumer wood category. With the excitation wavelength of 405 nm, 16 out of 19 samples could be correctly assigned to the corresponding post-consumer wood category by means of the fluorescence lifetimes. Thus, the experimental results revealed the high potential of the FD-FLIM technique for automated post-consumer wood sorting.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LeiterWohlschlaegerVersenetal.2022, author = {Leiter, Nina and Wohlschlaeger, Maximilian and Versen, Martin and Laforsch, Christian}, title = {Non-destructive differentiation of treated and non-treated wood using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy}, series = {Sensors and Measuring Systems; 21th ITG/GMA-Symposium}, booktitle = {Sensors and Measuring Systems; 21th ITG/GMA-Symposium}, pages = {1 -- 6}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WohlschlaegerVersenLaforsch2022, author = {Wohlschlaeger, Maximilian and Versen, Martin and Laforsch, Christian}, title = {A novel approach to optically detect microplastic in an environmental matrix with Rapid-FLIM}, series = {Sensors and Measuring Systems; 21th ITG/GMA-Symposium}, booktitle = {Sensors and Measuring Systems; 21th ITG/GMA-Symposium}, pages = {1 -- 6}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LeiterWohlschlaegerVersen2022, author = {Leiter, Nina and Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Versen, Martin}, title = {Frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging as method to analyze wood structures}, series = {2022 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)}, booktitle = {2022 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)}, pages = {1 -- 2}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WohlschlaegerVersenLaforsch2022, author = {Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Versen, Martin and Laforsch, Christian}, title = {Optical identification of car tire particles on soil using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy}, series = {Optical Sensors and Sensing Congress 2022 (AIS, LACSEA, Sensors, ES), Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 2022)}, booktitle = {Optical Sensors and Sensing Congress 2022 (AIS, LACSEA, Sensors, ES), Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 2022)}, doi = {10.1364/ES.2022.ETu3H.3}, pages = {ETu3H.3}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Tire wear is one of the major contributors of environmental pollution by microplastic. FD-FLIM in combination with an image processing algorithm are successfully applied to detect tyre wear on soil.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HoeltlKneisslVersen2021, author = {H{\"o}ltl, Stefan and Kneißl, Matthias and Versen, Martin}, title = {Parallel Delta-Sigma ADC modulation for performance increase of position sensors in industrial applications}, series = {2021 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)}, booktitle = {2021 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)}, doi = {10.1109/SAS51076.2021.9530099}, pages = {1 -- 5}, year = {2021}, abstract = {A parallel design concept of Delta-Sigma modulators that optimizes the resolution and the bandwidth for a highly dynamic position control in industrial applications. The idea is realized on a printed circuit board and tested by using a comprehensive measurement setup. The effective number of bits is increased by 2.5 bits at a fixed frequency. For a constant resolution, the design approach allows smaller filter lengths and a decrease of the delay by 25\%.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WohlschlaegerVersenLaforsch2021, author = {Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Versen, Martin and Laforsch, Christian}, title = {Non-destructive evaluation of treated polyethylene terephthalate films by fluorescence lifetime imaging}, series = {2021 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)}, booktitle = {2021 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)}, doi = {10.1109/SAS51076.2021.9530008}, pages = {1 -- 5}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The fluorescence decay time allows to identify and distinguish polymers from each other. Three differently treated biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate films are examined with two excitation wavelengths of 445 and 488nm. The fluorescence decay time is dependent of the treatment method of the films and is a means for identification.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WohlschlaegerHolstVersenetal.2021, author = {Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Holst, Gerhard and Versen, Martin and Laforsch, Christian}, title = {An optical method to differentiate wood from polymers using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy}, series = {OSA Optical Sensors and Sensing Congress 2021 (AIS, FTS, HISE, SENSORS, ES)}, booktitle = {OSA Optical Sensors and Sensing Congress 2021 (AIS, FTS, HISE, SENSORS, ES)}, doi = {10.1364/ES.2021.EW4G.6}, pages = {EW4G.6}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In this contribution investigations with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) are made to optically distinguish polymers and wood. The results show that the distinction and identification is possible in a graphical and calculative way.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LeiterWohlschlaegerAueretal.2021, author = {Leiter, Nina and Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Auer, Veronika and Versen, Martin and Laforsch, Christian}, title = {An algorithmic method to identify multiple wood species in a single image by their specific fluorescence lifetimes}, series = {OSA Imaging and Applied Optics Congress 2021 (3D, COSI, DH, ISA, pcAOP)}, booktitle = {OSA Imaging and Applied Optics Congress 2021 (3D, COSI, DH, ISA, pcAOP)}, doi = {10.1364/COSI.2021.CF2B.3}, pages = {CF2B.3}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) combined with an image processing algorithm is successfully used for the optical identification and areal separation of three wood species of maple, larch and nut in a single taken image.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WohlschlaegerHolstVersen2020, author = {Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Holst, Gerhard and Versen, Martin}, title = {A novel approach to optically distinguish plastics based on fluorescence lifetime measurements}, series = {2020 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)}, booktitle = {2020 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)}, doi = {10.1109/SAS48726.2020.9220084}, pages = {1 -- 6}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In medical and biological research, fluorescence lifetime measurements and fluorescence lifetime imaging is already a part of the standardized analysis procedures. As first investigations have shown, polymers can be identified using fluorescence lifetime imaging and an evaluation algorithm. Thus, this contribution pursues a novel approach for the direct differentiation of four polymers with fluorescence lifetime imaging. Therefore, the evaluation algorithm is extended to compare several fluorescence lifetime images to prove that a distinction is possible.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LeiterWohlschlaegerAueretal.2021, author = {Leiter, Nina and Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Auer, Veronika and Versen, Martin and Laforsch, Christian}, title = {A Novel Approach to Identify Wood Species Optically using Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy}, series = {SMSI 2021 Conference - Sensor and Measurement Science International}, booktitle = {SMSI 2021 Conference - Sensor and Measurement Science International}, pages = {169 -- 170}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This contribution presents the results obtained with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM)within the optical identification and differentiation of the four wood species walnut, beech, spruce, and maple. The experimental setup as well as the evaluation algorithm, with which the experiments were carried out, is explained briefly.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WohlschlaegerHolstVersen2020, author = {Wohlschl{\"a}ger, Maximilian and Holst, G. and Versen, Martin}, title = {A novel approach to optically distinguish plastics based on fluorescence lifetime measurements}, series = {2020 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia}, booktitle = {2020 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia}, pages = {1 -- 6}, year = {2020}, language = {en} }