@article{SeeberFleischmannCardonetal.2024, author = {Seeber, Isabella and Fleischmann, Carolin and Cardon, Peter and Aritz, Jolanta}, title = {Fostering Psychological Safety in Global Virtual Teams: The Role of Team-Based Interventions and Digital Reminder Nudges}, series = {Group Decision and Negotiation}, journal = {Group Decision and Negotiation}, doi = {10.1007/s10726-024-09899-5}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Psychological safety (PS), the feeling of being comfortable to express one's ideas or opinions in teams, is a key determinant of successful global virtual teams (GVT). Even though considerable knowledge exists about its antecedents, it is unknown how team-based interventions (TBI) and technology-based interventions (digital reminder nudges, DRN) foster PS among team members. Based on a survey involving 235 participants, our data show that TBI and DRN foster psychological safety in GVT. However, only the effect of TBI on psychological safety can be explained with a higher-quality coordination process. It remains unclear what causal mechanism explains the effect of DRN. These findings contribute to the literature on PS by showing that TBI facilitate effective coordination processes and to the literature on digital nudges by demonstrating that technology-based reminders drive PS.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FleischmannLogemannHeidewaldetal.2024, author = {Fleischmann, Carolin and Logemann, Minna and Heidewald, Jeanette and Cardon, Peter and Aritz, Jolanta and Swartz, Stephanie}, title = {Fostering GenAI Literacy in Higher Education for Future Workplace Preparedness: A Mixed-Methods Study}, series = {ECIS 2024 Proceedings}, booktitle = {ECIS 2024 Proceedings}, pages = {1859}, year = {2024}, abstract = {As generative AI (GenAI) becomes increasingly integrated into the professional workplace, offering significant productivity gains according to emerging research evidence, professionals and students need to build competencies to thrive in this new environment. In higher education, curricula must incorporate GenAI literacy to help students engage with this important and evolving technology. This research introduces results from a mixed-method study conducted among organisational practitioners, with the goal of creating an understanding of GenAI literacy needs across broad organisational contexts. We develop a Diamond Model of GenAI literacy for higher education to support curricular transformations needed to help students entering the GenAI-infused workplace. The suggested Diamond Model advocates for refining educational approaches to equip graduates with the capabilities to apply GenAI, maintain accountability, ensure authenticity and exercise agency in GenAI-driven workplaces.}, language = {en} } @article{CardonFleischmannLogemannetal.2024, author = {Cardon, Peter and Fleischmann, Carolin and Logemann, Minna and Heidewald, Jeanette and Aritz, Jolanta and Swartz, Stephanie}, title = {Competencies Needed by Business Professionals in the AI Age: Character and Communication Lead the Way}, series = {Business and Professional Communication Quarterly}, volume = {87}, journal = {Business and Professional Communication Quarterly}, number = {2}, doi = {10.1177/23294906231208166}, pages = {223 -- 246}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Many experts project generative AI will impact the types of competencies that are valued among working professionals. This is the first known academic study to explore the views of business practitioners about the impacts of generative AI on skill sets. This survey of 692 business practitioners showed that business practitioners widely use generative AI, with the most common uses involving research and ideation, drafting of business messages and reports, and summarizing and revising text. Business practitioners report that character-based traits such as integrity and soft skills will become more important. Implications for teaching business communication are discussed.}, language = {en} } @techreport{SiglFleischmannCardonetal.2023, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Sigl, Anna-Lena and Fleischmann, Carolin and Cardon, Peter and Aritz, Jolanta and Koße, Tamara}, title = {Speech-to-text technology for global virtual teams: A SWOT analysis}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:861-opus4-23270}, pages = {13}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Virtual team meetings are increasingly supported with advanced technology. This study investigates the extent to which Al-enabled speech technology can be useful for global virtual teams (GVT). A survey was conducted in GVTs in 2020 and 2021, when people's lives were primarily dominated by the pandemic. A transcription software was used to support the collaboration. A total of 530 survey responses were analyzed using a structured approach- qualitative content analysis. The data was structured using the SWOT framework that aimed at comprehensively answering the research question "To what extent is the use of Al-supported speech technology in GVTs useful?". Al-generated transcripts are helping to overcome language and time zone barriers in GVT. Yet, they also cause misunderstandings and impact openness of communication. Further results and implications for GVT are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{CarradiniGetchellCardonetal.2023, author = {Carradini, Stephen and Getchell, Kristen and Cardon, Peter and Fleischmann, Carolin and Aritz, Jolanta and Stapp, James}, title = {Evidence-based recommendations for recorded meetings policies}, series = {Business Horizons}, journal = {Business Horizons}, doi = {10.1016/j.bushor.2023.08.003}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Virtual meeting recordings have become a common part of virtual and hybrid workplace environments. Meeting recordings offer potential benefits (speedy transcript production, expedited information sharing, searchable information, inclusion of visual and tonal expressions) and drawbacks (difficulty discussing sensitive issues, employee privacy, limited off-the-record capabilities, and employee concerns over sharing recordings). Given this variance, policies for virtual meetings are a necessity. Managers can successfully implement a policy by co-creating policy preferences with employees in open-ended and nonjudgmental conversations that openly discuss potential benefits, drawbacks, and employee concerns. Topics such as when to record, when not to record, how to gain consent, and who will have administrative and sharing rights should be covered. Accessibility concerns, use or rejection of software features, for how long and where meeting recordings should be stored, and emerging issues such as use of virtual reality meetings and AI tools are areas of less urgency that may be part of the conversations. Managers should deliver policy preferences to a group of representatives from Human Resources, Information Technology, and the executive team to compose the policy, request a legal review, then introduce and implement it in the organization.}, language = {en} } @article{CardonFleischmannAritzetal.2023, author = {Cardon, Peter and Fleischmann, Carolin and Aritz, Jolanta and Logemann, Minna and Heidewald, Jeanette}, title = {The Challenges and Opportunities of AI-Assisted Writing: Developing AI Literacy for the AI Age}, series = {Business and Professional Communication Quarterly}, journal = {Business and Professional Communication Quarterly}, doi = {10.1177/23294906231176517}, pages = {1 -- 39}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Generative AI may significantly disrupt the teaching and practice of business communication. This study of 343 communication instructors revealed a collective view that AI-assisted writing will be widely adopted in the workplace and will require significant changes to instruction. Key perceived challenges include less critical thinking and authenticity in writing. Key perceived benefits include more efficiency and better idea generation in writing. Students will need to develop AI literacy—composed of application, authenticity, accountability, and agency—to succeed in the workplace. Recommendations are provided for instructors and administrators to ensure the benefits of AI-assisted writing can outweigh the challenges.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FleischmannSeeberCardonetal.2023, author = {Fleischmann, Carolin and Seeber, Isabella and Cardon, Peter and Aritz, Jolanta}, title = {Fostering Psychological Safety in Global Virtual Teams: The Role of Reminder Nudges and Team-based Interventions}, series = {Proceedings of the 56th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 56th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences}, pages = {365}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Psychological safety, the feeling of being comfortable to express one's ideas or opinions in teams, is a key determinant of successful global virtual teams. Even though there exists considerable knowledge about its antecedents, it is unknown how team-based (e.g., clarification of deliverables and deadlines) and technology-based (e.g., digital reminder nudges/ DRN) interventions foster psychological safety given cultural variations of team members. Based on a survey involving 148 participants, our data shows that both team-based interventions (TBI) and digital nudges foster psychological safety in global virtual teams. TBI are even more effective for high-context, indirect communicators than for low-context, direct communicators. However, digital nudges were equally effective across cultures for building psychological safety. These findings contribute to the literature on psychological safety as we show that not all antecedents hold equally across cultures and to the literature of digital nudges as we show the effectiveness of technology-based interventions in a team context.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FleischmannAritzCardon2019, author = {Fleischmann, Carolin and Aritz, Jolanta and Cardon, Peter}, title = {Language Proficiency and Media Synchronicity Theory: The Impact of Media Capabilities on Satisfaction and Inclusion in Multilingual Virtual Teams}, series = {Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Virtual teams that use integrated communication technologies are ubiquitous in cross-border collaboration. This study explored media use and communication performance in multilingual virtual teams. Based on surveys from 96 virtual teams (with 578 team members), the research showed that more time spent in synchronous communication channels such as online conferences increased inclusion and satisfaction. Team members with lower language proficiency felt less included in synchronous and asynchronous collaboration, whereas team members with higher language proficiency felt less satisfied with asynchronous collaboration. Also, limited language proficiency speakers were significantly less likely to view synchronous tools as helpful for their teams to reach a mutual decision. Our data supports Media Synchronicity Theory (MST) for native and highly proficient English speakers. However, MST needs to be adjusted to account for different levels of language proficiency.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FleischmannCardonAritz2020, author = {Fleischmann, Carolin and Cardon, Peter and Aritz, Jolanta}, title = {Smart Collaboration in Global Virtual Teams: The Influence of Culture on Technology Acceptance and Communication Effectiveness}, series = {Proceedings of the 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Teams are beginning to rely on smart communication technology that is enhanced by Artificial Intelligence (AI). Yet, we lack understanding of how these smart communication technologies (SCT) influence team collaboration, especially in global virtual teams (GVT). This study empirically investigates how cultural values and practices influence the acceptance of SCT and how the use of this technology impacts communication effectiveness in GVT. We surveyed 643 members of 109 GVT before and after using the SCT. Results showed that team members from individualistic, future oriented cultures generally had more positive expectations towards the performance and enjoyment of using the technology. Uncertainty avoidance increased effort expectancy. After using SCT for communicating in the GVT, most differences disappeared. Regarding communication effectiveness, SCT had a positive influence, which was stronger for performance and future oriented cultures.}, language = {en} } @article{FleischmannAritzCardon2020, author = {Fleischmann, Carolin and Aritz, Jolanta and Cardon, Peter}, title = {Language Proficiency and Media Richness in Global Virtual Teams: Impacts on Satisfaction, Inclusion, and Task Accomplishment}, series = {ACM Transactions on Social Computing}, volume = {2}, journal = {ACM Transactions on Social Computing}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1145/3363564}, pages = {1 -- 18}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Virtual teams that use integrated communication platforms are ubiquitous in cross-border collaboration. This study explores the use of communication media and team outcomes—both social outcomes and task accomplishment—in multilingual virtual teams. Based on surveys from 96 virtual teams (with 578 team members), the research shows that the more time spent in rich communication channels, such as online conferences, increased inclusion and satisfaction, whereas the more time spent with written communication that is lower in richness increased the level of task accomplishment. Team members with lower language proficiency felt less included in all collaboration channels, whereas team members with higher language proficiency felt less satisfied with lean collaboration. In addition, limited language proficiency speakers were significantly less likely to view rich tools as helpful for their teams to reach a mutual decision. Our data support media richness theory in its original context for native and highly proficient English speakers. Our study extends the scope of the theory by applying it to the new context of team members with limited language proficiency. Management should implement a collaboration infrastructure consisting of communication platforms that integrate a variety of media to account for different tasks and different communication needs.}, language = {en} } @article{CardonAritzFleischmannetal.2020, author = {Cardon, Peter and Aritz, Jolanta and Fleischmann, Carolin and Elhaddaoui, Terri and Getchell, Kristen and Helens-Hart, Rose and Iivonen, Kirsti and Insignares, Frank and Li, Xiaoli and Logemann, Minna and Palmer-Silveira, Juan Carlos and Ruiz-Garrido, Miguel and Shrivastava, Archana and Springer, Scott and Stapp, James and Swartz, Stephanie and Warren, Naomi and Woolstenhulme, Karen and Zemaitis, Eigirdas}, title = {What Happens to Global Virtual Teams When a Pandemic Hits? Maintaining Normalcy and Stability with Disruption All Around}, series = {The Western ABC Bulletin}, volume = {Spring 2020}, journal = {The Western ABC Bulletin}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Each year, the Virtual Business Professional (VBP) program brings together professors and students from across the globe to engage in client projects. The VBP program of 2020 occurred from the beginning of March through the middle of April. In this article, we share how the COVID-19 pandemic affected VBP participants and their teams. We present post-project survey results (completed by 440 of 530 participants for an 83 percent response rate), professor comments, and student comments to demonstrate how VBP participants overcame many of the pandemic disruptions to work effectively in virtual teams, develop compassion and empathy for one another, and foster more global mindsets.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FleischmannCardonAritz2021, author = {Fleischmann, Carolin and Cardon, Peter and Aritz, Jolanta}, title = {Acceptance of Speech-to-Text Technology: Exploring Language Proficiency and Psychological Safety in Global Virtual Teams}, series = {Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences}, pages = {411}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Natural Language Processing, such as speech-to-text technology, is increasingly implemented in collaboration software that is used by global virtual teams (GVT). GVT collaboration has become ubiquitous and has additionally accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main issues of global virtual teams are technology difficulties, language and time zone differences, and lower levels of psychological safety. Advances in collaboration technology aim at improving collaboration for GVT. But we know little about the acceptance of these technologies. Therefore, the objective of this study is to explore how Millennial and Gen Z members of GVT accept speech-to-text technology; namely, automated captions in virtual conferences and automated meetings transcripts. Particularly, we are comparing antecedents of acceptance across levels of language proficiency and psychological safety. We surveyed 530 users of speech-to-text technology in GVT both before and after they used the technology. The pre-survey was administered before the COVID-19 pandemic hit; when participants completed the post-survey all were under some degree of lockdown. Results suggest that use of the technology reduces anxiety and effort, but decreases performance expectation and hedonic motivation. Non-native speakers rate the technology more positively. The impact of psychological safety is limited to self-efficacy and anxiety.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{CardonMaFleischmannetal.2021, author = {Cardon, Peter and Ma, Haibing and Fleischmann, Carolin and Aritz, Jolanta}, title = {Recorded Work Meetings and Algorithmic Tools: Anticipated Boundary Turbulence}, series = {Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences}, pages = {196}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Meeting recordings and algorithmic tools that process and evaluate recorded meeting data may provide many new opportunities for employees, teams, and organizations. Yet, the use of this data raises important consent, data use, and privacy issues. The purpose of this research is to identify key tensions that should be addressed in organizational policymaking about data use from recorded work meetings. Based on interviews with 50 professionals in the United States, China, and Germany, we identify the following five key tensions (anticipated boundary turbulence) that should be addressed in a social contract approach to organizational policymaking for data use of recorded work meetings: disruption versus help in relationships, privacy versus transparency, employee control versus management control, learning versus evaluation, and trust in AI versus trust in people.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{CardonFleischmannAritzetal.2022, author = {Cardon, Peter and Fleischmann, Carolin and Aritz, Jolanta and Ma, Haibing and Springer, Ann and Springer, Scott}, title = {The Influence of Psychological Safety and Personality on Technology Acceptance of Team-Based Technology in Global Virtual Teams}, series = {Proceedings of the 55th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 55th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Collaboration platforms for teams, such as Slack, are increasingly used in virtual teams. Conventional wisdom suggests attitudes about adopting these types of platforms is primarily driven by their affordances. Our project emerged from the premise that psychological safety and personality traits can also significantly influence attitudes related to technology adoption. This research of roughly 300 global virtual teams showed that psychological safety influences views of collaboration platforms in terms of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and hedonic motivation. In addition, this research showed that personality traits influence views of collaboration platforms. These findings about psychological safety and personality traits suggest a team-development approach is an integral component of the technology adoption process. Recommendations for future research are provided.}, language = {en} } @article{LogemannAritzCardonetal.2022, author = {Logemann, Minna and Aritz, Jolanta and Cardon, Peter and Swartz, Stephanie and Elhaddaoui, Terri and Getchell, Kristen and Fleischmann, Carolin and Helens-Hart, Rose and Li, Xiaoli and Palmer-Silveira, Juan Carlos and Ruiz-Garrido, Miguel and Springer, Scott and Stapp, James}, title = {Standing strong amid a pandemic: How a global online team project stands up to the public health crisis}, series = {British Journal of Educational Technology}, volume = {53}, journal = {British Journal of Educational Technology}, number = {3}, doi = {10.1111/bjet.13189}, pages = {577 -- 592}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The annual instructional virtual team Project X brings together professors and students from across the globe to engage in client projects. The 2020 project was challenged by the global disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper draws on a quantitative dataset from a post-project survey among 500 participating students and a qualitative narrative inquiry of personal experiences of the faculty members. The findings reveal how innovative use of a variety of collaboration and communication technologies helped students and their professors in building emotional connection and compassion to support each other in the midst of the crisis, and to accomplish the project despite connectivity disruptions. The results suggest that the role of an instructor changed to a coach and mentor, and technology was used to create a greater sense of inclusion and co-presence in student-faculty interactions. Ultimately, the paper highlights the role of technology to help the participants navigate sudden crisis affecting a global online instructional team project. The adaptive instructional teaching strategies and technologies depicted in this study offer transformative potential for future developments in higher education.}, language = {en} }