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Institute
This thesis assesses the viability of cassava and corn/maize-derived bioethanol to enhance sustainable energy transition and energy security in the West African region. With the region facing significant energy challenges, including reliance on fossil fuels, limited access to electricity and high energy costs, bioethanol offers a promising alternative. The study evaluates the physical feasibility, yield differences, resource requirements, environmental impact, and socioeconomic implications of using these crops for bioethanol production. A comprehensive methodology involving laboratory experiments and literature review is employed.
Results demonstrate that cassava has a higher bioethanol yield than maize, with more efficient enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation processes. Additionally, cassava’s adaptability to marginal lands, lower water usage, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions make it a more sustainable feedstock. Economically, cassava-based bioethanol production is more cost-effective and has better market integration due to the established supply chain in the region. However, the social implications, particularly food security concerns necessitate careful consideration and the development of integrated food and fuel production systems.
The study concludes that cassava holds significant potential for bioethanol production in West Africa, providing a sustainable economically viable solution for the region’s energy needs. Recommendations are made for policymakers, investors, and stakeholders to optimize the use of cassava and maize for bioethanol production, emphasizing the importance of balancing biofuel with food security and rural development
Die Entwicklung nachhaltiger und effizienter 3D-Drucktechnologien ist von zentraler Bedeutung für den Fortschritt in der Fertigung und Industrie. Ein vielversprechender Ansatz ist der Einsatz von Holzmaterialien wie Lignin, einem Abfallstoff der Papier- und Zellstoffindustrie. Zur Verbesserung der mechanischen Eigenschaften solcher Werkstoffe in der Anwendung ist der Einsatz biotechnologischen Komponenten, wie Laccasen, die die Polymerisation von Lignin katalysieren können, von Nutzen.
In der Projektgruppe „BioHolz3D“ des Fraunhofer Institut für Produktionstechnik und Automatisierung wird sich dem Prozess gewidmet, durch 3D-Druck neue und nachhaltige Produkte aus enzymatisch verknüpftem Lignin mit weiteren Holzreststoffen zu produzieren. Hierfür wird die Zusammensetzung von Holzmaterialien und deren mögliche Eignung für die additive Fertigung analysiert.
In dieser Thesis werden verschiedene Ansätze verfolgt, um die Optimierung
konventioneller Enzyme und möglichen Enzymalternativen zu erreichen und eine Eignung dieser anhand verschiedener Methoden zu validieren. Nach der Herstellung verschiedener Materialkombinationen von Holzwerkstoffen sollen diese darauf angewendet werden, wobei das Ziel ist, die Ligninpolymerisation bei geringerem Enzymeinsatz zu erhöhen und Ressourcen wie Kosten und Energie einzusparen, um mit Hilfe des Liquid-Desposition-Modeling (LDM) erste Probekörper herzustellen.
Dabei wurden bestehende Prozessschwächen analysiert, Fehlerursachen diskutiert und deren Auswirkungen betrachtet.
Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die Enzymaktivität der Laccasen aus Trametes versicolor und Aspergillus sp durch Zugabe verschiedener Metallionen gesteigert werden kann. In der Anwendung an einem Modellsubstrat und Lignin zeigte sich, dass Kupfer- und Eisenionen mit der Enzymaktivität korrelieren.
Darauf basierend wurden Testobjekte hergestellt, an denen die Wirkung
nachgewiesen werden konnte.
Hydrogen fuel cells have been gaining attentions for marine mobility application because of it’s potential as a promising green technology with high energy intensity and reduced weight; Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel cell generates electric power by consuming hydrogen and oxygen as reactants. The fuel cell system consists of multiple sub-systems such as anode gas supply components, cathode air compressors with humidification systems and a cooling circuit. They all must be regulated according to the nominated working conditions of the stack, and one of the most important parameters is the hydrogen supply feed of the fuel cell system. The hydrogen supply system must be robust to handle different working conditions of the stacks such as load fluctuation, purging of water and nitrogen from anode side and subsequent pressure fluctuations. It is critical to control the anode pressure with respect to varying conditions since unbalanced H2 supply can lead to membrane failure, hydrogen starvation and drying out which can lead to deterioration and reduce the lifetime of the stack. The thesis describes the development of “Gas Handling Unit” as the effective hydrogen supply system which will be incorporated with a particle filter, switch off solenoid valve, proportional valve, pressure transmitters and a pressure safety valve for venting during critical conditions. The design and control of the gas handling unit is detailed along with material compatibility of metals and sealants polymers with hydrogen applications. The relevant safety regulations and technical standards are identified and followed during the design process.
This paper delves into the optimization of microservice architectures, a critical aspect of contemporary software engineering, by focusing on three pivotal areas: efficient data communication, scalable design, and the automation of Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) processes. The study begins by examining the intricacies of data communication within microservices, identifying challenges such as network latency, data consistency, and fault tolerance. Strategies for efficient data handling, including advanced message queuing techniques and API gateways, are explored. The paper then shifts its focus to scalable design, assessing how microservices can be architected to gracefully handle varying loads and facilitate seamless scaling. This includes an analysis of containerization technologies, service orchestration, and load balancing strategies. The final part of the study addresses the automation of CI/CD processes, a cornerstone for achieving agility and high velocity in microservices development and deployment. The evaluation of modern CI/CD tools and methodologies, highlighting their role in enhancing deployment frequency, reducing lead time for changes, and improving overall system reliability. This comprehensive study aims to provide valuable insights and practical guidelines for software professionals and researchers, contributing to the refinement and advancement of microservice architectures in the dynamic world of software development.
In dieser Bachelorarbeit wird der Nutzen von Chatbots zur Unterstützung von deutschen Juristen in ihrer beruflichen Tätigkeit überprüft.
Hierzu wird zunächst ein prototypischer Chatbot erstellt, der auf einem trainierten Grundlagenmodell aufbaut und durch Fine-Tuning mit einem Datensatz bestehend aus Gesetzestexten angepasst wird. Anschließend werden die Ergebnisse über Tests mit Juristen evaluiert. Es wird gezeigt, wie der Datensatz für das Fine-Tuning erstellt wird, welche Kriterien bei der Wahl des Grundlagenmodells beachtet werden müssen und welche Herausforderungen beim Erstellen eines Sprachmodells auftreten können.
Dabei wird insbesondere auf die Auswahl relevanter Gesetzestexte, die Bereinigung und Strukturierung der Daten, sowie die spezifischen Anforderungen für die rechtliche Domäne eingegangen.
Das Ergebnis dieser Thesis zeigt, dass der Prototyp bereits einen kleinen Nutzen für die juristische Recherche erzielt hat und einige Juristen diesen bereits im Beruf verwenden würden. Es wird jedoch auch deutlich, dass der Prototyp noch ein großes Verbesserungspotenzial hat und häufig falsche oder unzureichende Antworten erstellt.
Dies unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit weiterer Optimierungen und Anpassungen, um die Zuverlässigkeit und Genauigkeit des Chatbots zu erhöhen.
In dieser Bachelorarbeit wurde untersucht, wie körperliche Aktivität als adjuvante oder nicht-pharmakologische Therapie bei Depressionen eingesetzt werden kann. Es wurden sowohl die antidepressiven Effekte als auch potenzielle Wirkmechanismen analysiert. Der theoretische Teil beleuchtet Depressionen, neurobiologische Prozesse sowie gängige Behandlungsansätze.
Die Ergebnisse einer systematischen Literaturrecherche zeigen, dass körperliche Aktivität positive Effekte auf depressive Symptome, die maximale Sauerstoffaufnahme (VO2) und die Schlafqualität hat. Insbesondere individuelle Programme sind wirksam.
Es wurden die Vor- und Nachteile der Sporttherapie erörtert, sowie Empfehlungen für zukünftige Forschung gegeben.
Assessment of the Biological root cause of Chicken Wing bone damage during chicken processing.
(2024)
Abstract
The Poultry industry plays a significant role in meeting global demand for protein-rich food. However, there is a significant challenge in chicken processing which involves the occurrence of wing breakage that impacts both the aesthetic quality of the product and raises concerns regarding animal welfare and economic sustainability. This thesis aims to investigate the underlying biological factors associated with wing damage during processing by comparing wing structures of broilers raised under different management systems. This investigation focuses on exploring the chicken wing breakage contributing factors and cultivating a better understanding of this challenge to aid the chicken processing industry. This objective will be achieved by a comparative analysis of internal wing structures with a focus on distal humeral growth plate development observed in chicken wings from broilers raised under different production systems.
The packaging and selling of damaged chicken wings for human consumption is prohibited by the European Union due to the potential health risks and aesthetic reasons. Hence, the disposal of chicken carcasses with wing damage results in financial losses for the company. An internal comparative analysis of the chicken wings aided by dissection techniques as well as X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry analysis of elements present at the bone growth plates will be carried out with an intention of quantifying the structural variations in broiler wings from different management systems. By elucidating the internal features and compositions of the different chicken wings with comparison to relevant literature and recent related discoveries, this research seeks to identify biological factors potentially responsible for wing damage among different broilers, allowing further intervention strategies within the industry.
The findings from this study have implications for both industry practices and animal welfare standards. By discovering potential biological root causes of wing damage, this research provides valuable insights for optimizing processing protocols and equipment design to minimize trauma to birds and enhance product quality. In addition, a deeper understanding of physiological responses of chicken to processing stress can encourage more humane and efficient poultry handling practices and management strategies to reduce losses from wastage as well as chicken welfare improvement in commercial broiler production.
The overall contribution of this thesis is towards the advancement of knowledge in poultry production and the importance of considering the biological factors and internal structures of chicken wings in designing processing systems. Through collaborative efforts between researchers, stakeholders and other parties involved, the insights gained from this study will aid sustainable practices that prioritize animal welfare, product quality assurance and economic sustainability in the poultry industry.
In the context of changing workplace norms and rapidly changing technological environments, this thesis examines the effects of expectations about the workplace on young professionals' career decisions and job satisfaction in Germany. It evaluates the impact of workplace flexibility, corporate culture, and further training opportunities on young professionals through a review of existing literature and a survey conducted by the author. This analysis is guided by theoretical frameworks such as the Person-Environment-Fit Theory, Social Cognitive Career Theory, Job Demand-Resources Model, Boundary Theory, Expectancy Theory of Motivation, and Human Capital Theory, which comprehensively understand the relationship between environmental elements and job satisfaction and career decision-making processes. The findings show that career growth and job satisfaction are significantly increased when there is a strong match between the expectations of young professionals and the realities of their work environments. The study emphasizes how important it is for organizations to modify their approaches to create work environments that encourage young professionals’ career ambitions and satisfaction. This study offers insightful information about efficient organizational strategies that may draw in, fulfill the needs of, and keep young professionals satisfied.
