TY - THES A1 - Jallloh, Abu Bakarr T1 - Understanding the Impact of Livestock in Enhancing Food Security, Poverty Reduction, and Wealth Creation in the Moyamba District N2 - This thesis research aims to discuss the impact of livestock management in enhancing food security, poverty reduction, and wealth creation in the moyamba district, Rural Sierra Leone. The study contains different chapters under the main research question with analysis. The first section starts with a brief background description of Sierra Leone's Agricultural sector in the context of livestock management and its contributions to the country's economy, poverty, and food security. Followed by the research objective, a semi-systematic literature review is conducted based on livestock management's impact and poverty reduction, lessons learned, and analysis of the significant constraint and opportunities for the sector's growth was presented using a conceptual framework. In chapter three, the writer uses a qualitative methodology to identify the different sections and data used in the thesis through a thematic approach. The results show that livestock management can contribute to the district's food security, poverty reduction, and wealth creation. However, factors such as poor road networks, weak governmental institutions/policies, insufficient funding, and lack of raw materials, among others, are critical issues affecting the development of the industry. On the other hand, traditional/cultural benefits and income generation are the district's main significant uses of livestock. Therefore, addressing these challenges through comprehensive interventions/policies will enable the people of the moyamba community to benefit from livestock and reduce poverty in the long term. Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - THES A1 - Okolie, Somtoo Dominic T1 - The Use of Pig insulin and Grafts in the treatment of Human Diabetes N2 - Biological resources are entities of natural origin with sources from either plants or animals that render a broad number of services to mankind. Purified pig insulin, pancreas, islet, and beta cells are biological resources synthesized, extracted, and isolated from pigs to provide medical services like treating human diabetes. The observed methodology was obtained by systematically reviewing and comparing other similar scientific studies to determine the challenges and risks associated with using pig grafts (islet, pancreas, beta cells) for the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D), the optimal pig age for extracting graft for treatment of diabetes, differences between human and pig insulin, and the clinical trials and adoption pig insulin and graft therapies for type 1 diabetes treatment. Xenotransplantation of pig grafts has successfully restored normoglycemia in a Type 1 diabetes patient for about 9.5 years, thus potentially being an alternative therapy to human islet allotransplantation. However, the clinical adoption of using pig grafts for diabetes treatment is hindered by the unavailability of T1D volunteers to be used for clinical trials because of risks like zoonosis, loss of body weight, immunosuppression, and death of the transplanted pig implant. Xenotransplantation of pig grafts to T1D can be clinically accepted through advanced practices like Genetic modifications of the pig, encapsulating the pig grafts before transplantation, and co-transplantation of the pig grafts with Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSCs) and/or Sertoli cells (SCs). The clinical adoption of pig grafts for T1D treatment will mitigate the problem of limited islet/pancreas donor sources encountered in allotransplantation, hence more research and studies are needed for this milestone to be accomplished. Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - THES A1 - Mahachi, Manfred T1 - Sustainability of small scale dairy farming as a tool to improve milk production in Zimbabwe N2 - In order to ascertain if the sustainability of small scale dairy farming in Zimbabwe can be used as a tool to increase milk production, a small cross sectional survey was carried out among five small scale dairy farmers and five large scale dairy farmers in the Natural Regions I and II of Zimbabwe. The major goal of the survey was to assess the small scale and the large scale dairy farmers level of awareness on sustainability or if at all they employed sustainability practices within their farming systems. The feedback from the survey indicated that small scale farmers either knew little or nothing about sustainability practices. Dairy production is an important aspect of the Zimbabwean economy. It assures that some of the nation’s major nutritional requirements are met, farmers are economically empowered, promotes rural development and impacts positively to the gross domestic production. The thesis showed the current level of sustainability obtained at small scale dairy farms, the challenges faced by small scale dairy farmers, as well as multi-stake holder engagement and government role or involvement. Major findings revealed factors that include genetics, animal welfare, feed and feed composition, hazard analysis critical control points and knowledge were key to sustainable dairying with an inclination towards an increase in milk production. Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - THES A1 - Galesloot, Ben T1 - Comparative Analysis of Dry and Wet Total Mixed Ration Uptake in Calves: A Study on Feed Intake, Growth, and Health Parameters N2 - This study investigates the effects of dry and wet Total Mixed Ration (TMR) restrictive feeding on the feed intake, growth, and health parameters of Holstein Friesian (Bostaurus) calves. Conducted on a commercial dairy farm in Bedburg-Hau, Germany, the research involved 40 calves divided into eight groups (n1, 2 = 14, n3, 4 = 6, and n5, 6, 7, 8 = 20) with dry TMR provided to odd-numbered groups and wet TMR to even-numberedgroups. The experiment monitored daily feed intake and health parameters from birth to at least six weeks of age for heifer calves from two groups and from birth to three weeks of age from further two groups, and from birth to four weeks for bull calves, alongside weekly assessments of growth progression. T-test results did not reveal significant differences among the examined parameters when various groups were compared head-to-head. However, observable differences were noted, specifically in the amount of feed intake during the first few weeks, where calves fed dry TMR showed increased feed intake. Additionally, calves fed dry TMR exhibited less susceptibility to digestive disorders and a subsequent need for clinical treatment. Regarding sustainability, dry TMR showed advantages in ease of handling and storage, reducing time investment and feed waste. Wet TMR showed advantages in palatability and feed intake nearing the 5-week mark of the calves’ age. However, wet TMR posed challenges, in terms of time required for its preparation. These findings provide insights into optimizing calf nutrition, promoting sustainable dairy farming practices, and addressing the challenges of different feed alternatives. Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - THES A1 - de Carvalho, Ben T1 - Assessment of Emissions from Pig Transportation using the GLEC-Framework N2 - With the implementation of the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive and the EU-Taxonomy, the European Union has introduced mandatory sustainability reporting for certain companies to which slaughterhouses and food retailers belong to. Any emission causing practices along the complete supply chain have to be reported on, so that stakeholders and investors have better access to information for their assessment of the respective companies. In the area of animal production, the current literature deems emissions from live-animal transports as negligible, thus the majority of research focused mainly on assessing emission from on-farm operations. In conjunction with the development of an emissions calculator for live-animal transports, this paper deployed the in 2023 released Global-Logistics-Emissions-Council-Framework v3 for the first time to different exemplary transportation scenarios of live-pigs (Sus scrof domesticus) in Germany. The results showed that indeed the contribution of live-animal transport to the total emissions of animal products is significantly low. However, the assessed emissions are still a valuable parameter for sustainability reports as more data enables more accurate evaluations by stakeholders. KW - GLEC KW - Emissions KW - Emission calculation KW - Animal transport emissions KW - Carbon footprint Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - THES A1 - Mashaba, Ismat Jahan T1 - Comparative Analysis of Waste Management Challenges and Strategies: A Case Study of Dhaka, Bangladesh, and Beijing. N2 - The paper emphasizes the importance of effective waste management for sustainable development, highlighting the challenges faced by Dhaka, mainly due to inadequate infrastructure, poor public awareness, and insufficient governmental support. The rapid urbanization and population growth in Dhaka exacerbate these issues, leading to severe environmental and public health risks. The study compares the waste management systems of Dhaka and Beijing. A survey was conducted to understand the attitude and awareness of the residents of Dhaka, and secondary data was considered to provide an overview of the existing waste management policies and practices of both Dhaka and Beijing. The findings of the paper outline several recommendations for improving waste management in Dhaka. However, the study also identifies several challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, insufficient governmental support and so on. In summary, the research highlights the significance of efficient waste management systems in metropolitan regions, especially in developing nations, and promotes a comprehensive strategy to tackle the difficulties encountered by cities such as Dhaka. Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - THES A1 - Untucht, Hannah Lea T1 - Status quo of Livestock Guardian Dogs for the Protection of Livestock in Germany in the Context of the Wolf's Return N2 - The resurgence of the Eurasian wolf (Canis lupus lupus) in Germany brings multiple conflicts with it and divides people into three parties. One party welcomes the wolf back to Germany and sees its potential to increase the biodiversity in Germany’s ecosystems and forests, one party sees the harm in the wolf by killing livestock animals such as equines (Equus), sheep (Ovis aries) and cattle (Bovine) yet another party is torn in between. Many farmers and shepherds are trapped somewhere in between in these opposing views. The return of the wolf has led to conflicts between livestock owners and the predators, necessitating effective and sustainable solutions to protect livestock. This thesis examines the status quo of LGDs as a non-lethal method for guarding livestock in the context of the wolf's return in Germany. It explores the historical use of LGDs, their reintroduction in modern German agricultural practices, and the factors influencing the success or failure. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature and interviews, the study investigates the socio-economic, ecological and policy-related dimensions of LGD use. Key areas of focus include the training and management of LGDs, their impact on reducing livestock loss, the attitudes and perceptions of livestock owners towards these guardian animals as well as the attitudes and perceptions of non – livestock owners. Findings indicate that LGDs can significantly reduce wolf predation on livestock when properly implemented and supported by appropriate training and management practices. Nevertheless, challenges such as initial investment costs, maintenance, and integration with other livestock protection measures need to be addressed. The research highlights the importance of education and support for livestock owners, as well as the need for policies that facilitate the use of LGDs. This concludes that LGDs can be a useful, non-lethal protection measure addition to livestock farms. However, it is found that a combination of protection measures is the most effective in protecting livestock from predators. Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kunze, Tobias T1 - Effects of management during the pre-weaning, weaning and postweaning period on the development of calves N2 - An efficient rearing process, consisting of pre-weaning, weaning and postweaning phase is integral to any operation seeking herd replacements. The results of multiple publications focusing on different aspects of calf development were reviewed and compared. Throughout the rearing process the calf’s development is influenced heavily by the feeding treatment, and consequent nutritional level. This can effect calf development as early as the fetal stage. Intensive and ad libitum feeding treatments during the pre-weaning phase can lower mortality rate, while also helping to achieve an early onset of puberty, target weights for insemination, an optimal age at first calving and an increased lifetime productivity. Feeding milk replacer instead of whole milk when employing these treatments may mitigate the risk of fat deposition, ensuring proper mammary development. Additionally, combining intensive or ad libitum feeding treatments with a step-down weaning plan can work to mitigate postweaning growth depression. Feedstuff that results in an increased production of volatile fatty acids has a significant positive influence on rumen development, although dietary fiber needs to then be included to buffer rumen pH. Housing calves in groups may have the benefit of increasing animal welfare and results in the exhibition of more natural and social behaviors. Nonetheless, all efforts in optimizing management decisions to improve calf development can be rendered obsolete if proper hygiene is not enforced, resulting in disease outbreaks and increased mortality rates. KW - Calf development KW - Rearing KW - Pre-weaning KW - Weaning KW - Feeding treatment KW - Post-weaning KW - Rumen development KW - Mammary development KW - Age at first calving Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-3174 ER - TY - THES A1 - Duarah, Meenakshi T1 - Healthy additions in dairy milk: A systematic literature review N2 - Dairy makes up a significant part of the diet as most individuals tend to include milk in their meals. Several studies have revealed that some of the health challenges experienced by humans are a result of some of the additives added to some of their foods. Various kinds of additions can be done in milk that is healthy to increase the consumption among the population or increase the nutrition value of milk. Such additions include flavours, vitamins, and minerals, chocolate, spices, and herbs, as well as fortification of milk products, etc. In the case of preservatives, potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate are added to milk which helps in inhibiting the growth of micro-organisms, preserves the freshness of milk, and prevents spoilage. Also, the concept of lactose-free dairy products is explained widely. Lactose is often present in almost all our dairy products, making it a challenge to those who suffer from lactose intolerance. The process of production of lactosefree milk is explained, which allows people to obtain the nutrients they need from food without compromising their health. The benefits of some of the additives of dairy products are determined methods of killing pathogens in milk also come into play in the research. This includes sterilization of milk which is a high treatment process that uses high temperature to get rid of pathogens. The study also explains the implications that come with the development of aroma and flavour in dairy products, the process of fortification of milk is also explained as a healthy addition to milk. Overall, this review paper shed light on the healthy additions in milk. The research also explores the effectiveness of the market trend of such additions in milk. Keywords: “Lactose free Milk”, “Healthy additions”, “Healthy benefits and Milk”, “Herbs and spices in Milk”, “Milk products”, “Milk market and Germany”, “Healthy addition or Chocolates”, “Turmeric milk”, “Cloves milk”, “Chocolate milk and milk products”, “Fortified milk and additions”, “Probiotics in milk”. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bhadula, Divya T1 - Evaluating the influence of adaption to the vegan lifestyle on protecting the right of farm animals and challenges faced by them due to climate change N2 - This research is on evaluating the influence of vegan lifestyle on the protection of animal rights. There are different factors that influence the adaption of veganism, such as ethical reasons or health reasons for choosing a vegan lifestyle. Those factors have been evaluated in this research in the context of European countries. There are different steps taken by the European countries to improve animal protection at livestock farms, which have also been determined in this research. The evaluation has identified that there are different initiatives taken by European countries and EFSA to ensure that the animals feel less pain and distress on livestock farms. Climate change also has an influence on animal protection. Specifically, it is related to the livestock farms as well because it impacts the quality of crop and water supply. It have been identified that both livestock farms and climate change have an influence on each other, and the steps are being taken to overcome the challenges related to the influence of climate change on livestock farms. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - THES A1 - Lai, Siru T1 - Investigation on conventional tea industry in Chinese domestic market analysis along the supply chain Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - THES A1 - Oesterwind, Ferdinand Clemens T1 - Study on the Potential of Mob Grazing on Animal and Pasture Performance exemplified by an Organic Holstein Dairy Herd N2 - Increasing adverse effects of climate change challenge Central European farmers. Severe precipitation deficits reduce fodder crop yields in livestock production and make grazing difficult. Understanding the effects of climate change and the impact grazing systems have on the environment is vital to economically utilize grassland. Mob grazing is a strategy that could provide an opportunity to ensure stable grassland yields during drought periods. Commonly used grazing systems, impact of climate change on pasture management and possible benefits of mob grazing are reviewed in this thesis. In addition, the effects of mob grazing on animal and pasture performance exemplified by an organic Holstein dairy herd are assessed in a field trial carried out at the Agricultural Chamber of North-Rhine Westphalia. The potential on animal performance is evaluated by milk yield and body condition. Pasture performance is determined by yield, sward height, pasture residues, and yield shares. Computation of milk yield from pasture allows for an interpretation of the potential of mob grazing in an interdisciplinary scope of pasture and animal performance. The research showed that mob grazing has the potential to achieve promising yields, regarding milk yield, pasture forage yield and milk production from pasture in comparison to conventional grazing systems. Mob grazing can provide resilience against potential consequences of climate change. It has the potential to be further adapted by farmers due to its economic and ecological advantages. To emphasize this, future research must focus on the effects of mob grazing on soil fertility, carbon sequestration and biodiversity. KW - Mob grazing KW - Holistic planned grazing KW - Regenerative agriculture KW - Climate-adapted farming KW - Climate change Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - THES A1 - Furre, Liban T1 - Somaliland Livestock Export: Understanding Reasons Behind Recurring Export Embargoes N2 - Somaliland heavily relies economically and socially on livestock export to Arabian countries, mainly Saudi Arabia. The livestock sector has, in recent years, experienced many challenges, including export bans imposed by importing states. This thesis study aims, therefore, to investigate and understand the reasons behind the recurring livestock export bans in Somaliland’s livestock sector. It deployed a Literature review as a research approach and found that the main reason for the bans is animal health problems, particularly Rift Valley Fever outbreaks in the Horn of Africa. Absent institutional regulations and frequent droughts add more pressure on the top. KW - Livestock Export KW - Somaliland KW - Embargo KW - Pastoralism Y1 - 2023 ER -