TY - THES A1 - Wong, Chui Yi T1 - Selectivity and Sensitivity Based Emission Line Table for Analysis of Typical, Environmentally Relevant Matrices by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) N2 - The thesis presents the development of a method which can be used for the easy and accurate selection of suitable emission lines for the analysis of specific elements in soil samples. In the formation of line spectra, line broadening, e.g. Doppler broadening and natural line broadening, might occur causing asymmetric line shape and emission lines´ overlap from various elements. Frequently, the emission line of the element of interest is in close proximity or even overlap-ping with the emission lines from other elements. Two classification tables were developed during this thesis: the emission line table and the interference table. The emission line table serves as the first step in identifying possible emis-sion lines of an element according to their sensitivity. The interference table was created for each emission line listed in the aforementioned table to highlight possible interferences caused by other elements present in the soil sample. In addition to the classification tables, a procedure flow chart was designed as a guideline for users to ensure proper use of elaborated tables during soil sample analysis. Results obtained from the filtering method such as full width at half maximum (FWHM) and symmetry using area comparison proves to be suitable even for Doppler broadening. Identifica-tion of possible interference to a certain distance was decided empirically through emission line graphs comparison while using the FWHM as a factor for the distance range. A threshold of sensitivity difference between the element of interest and possible interfering elements was also established based on an assumption of 10% interference for each distance range. Tables and flow chart presented in this thesis prove the feasibility of the elaborated method in identifying suitable emission lines for an element during soil sample analysis. Further studies should be performed to test (re)producibility of obtained data. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - THES A1 - Jaeger, Celina T1 - Über die Bedeutung von Online-Yoga-Angeboten während der COVID-19-Pandemie als gesundheitsförderndes Instrument N2 - Diese Masterarbeit untersucht die Bedeutung von Online-Yoga-Angeboten als gesundheitsförderndes Instrument unter besonderer Betrachtung der COVID-19-Pandemie. Bei Yoga handelt es sich um eine der ältesten philosophischen Lehren und Methoden, welche unter anderem durch Körperübungen in Verbindung mit kontrollierten Atemübungen die Einheit und Stärkung von Körper, Geist und Seele anstrebt (Schöps 2020, S. 6). Interventionen zur Bekämpfung von COVID-19 führen zu starken Einschränkungen des täglichen Lebens. Besonders Kontaktbeschränkungen, Ausgangssperren sowie Schließungen von Freizeit-, Kultur- und Bildungseinrichtungen führen, je länger diese aufrecht erhalten werden, zu einem deutlichen Anstieg der psychischen Belastungen. Aufgrund der Hygienevorschriften und Schließung von Sporteinrichtungen sind körperliche Bewegungen oder sportliche Aktivitäten meist auf die eigene Häuslichkeit beschränkt. Da das Praktizieren von Yoga in Präsenzkursen durch die viruseindämmenden Maßnahmen nicht mehr möglich ist, werden onlinebasierte Alternativen, wie beispielsweise Yoga-Apps, Videoübertragungen in Echtzeit oder Videos von Videoportalen stärker frequentiert und notwendig. Die Zielsetzung dieser Masterarbeit besteht darin, mit Hilfe einer Online-Umfrage die Forschungsfrage „Wie wirkt sich Online-Yoga in Zeiten von COVID-19 auf die Gesundheit aus?“ zu untersuchen. Die statistischen Ergebnisse zeigen mäßig bis starke psychische Belastungen aufgrund der COVID-19-Pandemie, welche in besonders hohem Maße die Belastungsfaktoren Antriebslosigkeit, Niedergeschlagenheit, Interessenlosigkeit sowie das Gefühl, keine Energie zu haben und Schlafstörungen umfassen. Das Praktizieren von Online-Yoga verhilft bezugnehmend auf diese Belastungsfaktoren zur Linderung und entfaltet insgesamt eine positive, gesundheitsfördernde Wirkung. Darüber hinaus stärkt die Online-Yoga-Praxis die individuellen Fähigkeiten sowie Strategien zur Anpassung und Bewältigung im Hinblick auf die viruseindämmenden Maßnahmen. Mit steigender Dauer und Häufigkeit der Online-Yoga-Praxis geht auch eine größere gesundheitsfördernde Wirkung einher. Außerdem zeichnet sich anhand der Ergebnisse ein gestärktes Gesundheitsbewusstsein ab. Diesbezüglich gilt ebenfalls, je länger Yoga praktiziert wird, desto häufiger liegt die Motivation in der Verbesserung der psychischen und körperlichen Gesundheit begründet. Die Wirkung des Online-Yoga wird als beruhigend, entspannungsfördernd und positiv im Hinblick auf die körperliche Fitness sowie Ausgeglichenheit beschrieben. Es lässt sich demnach schlussfolgern, dass die Inanspruchnahme von Online-Yoga-Interventionen insgesamt eine mindestens genauso effektive und gesundheitsfördernde Wirkung erzielt, wie das Praktizieren in Präsenz-Kursen, in welchen die Yogaübungen durch einen Yogalehrenden angeleitet werden. N2 - This master´s thesis investigates the significance of online yoga offerings as a health-promoting measure with special regard to the COVID-19 pandemic. Yoga is one of the oldest philosophical teachings and methods, which strives for the unity and strengthening of body, mind and spirit through physical exercises in conjunction with controlled breathing exercises (Schöps 2020, p.6). Interventions to combat COVID-19 lead to severe restrictions on daily life. In particular, contact restrictions, curfews and closures of recreational, cultural and educational facilities increase psychological strain the longer they are maintained. Due to hygiene regulations and closure of sports facilities, physical exercises or sports activities are usually limited to one´s own home. Since practicing yoga in face-to-face classes is no longer possible due to virus-containment measures, online-based alternatives, such as yoga-apps, real-time video broadcasts, or videos from video portals, are necessary and becoming more frequented. The objective of this master´s thesis is to use an online survey to investigate the research question, ´What is the impact of online yoga on health in the era of COVID-19?`. The statistical results show moderate to severe psychological strain due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which particularly includes listlessness, dejection, lack of interest, lack of energy and insomnia. The study shows that practicing online yoga helps to alleviate these mental stress factors, having a positive, health promoting overall effect. Furthermore, the online yoga practice strengthens individual skills and strategies for adaption and coping with virus-control measures. With increasing duration and frequency of online yoga practice, comes greater health benefits, as several studies have stated. Moreover, the results indicate a strengthening of health awareness. Referring to this, the longer yoga is practiced, the more often the motivation is based on improving mental and physical health. The effect of online yoga is described as calming, relaxing and positive in terms of physical fitness as well as level-headedness. Concluding ultimately, the right utilization of online yoga interventions is started to be effective and health-promoting, just as practicing in face-to-face classes guided by a yoga teacher is. KW - Gesundheitsförderung KW - Prävention KW - Yoga KW - COVID-19 KW - Online-Yoga Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8593 ER - TY - THES A1 - Tran Nguyen, Anh Tho T1 - The influence of zinc sulfate in the fermentation rate of cider under homebrewing conditions N2 - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to first determine the effectiveness of zinc sulfate at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 PPM (Parts Per Million) on the fermentation rate of yeast when brewing cider under homebrewing conditions and to compare it to commercial yeast nutrient. Zinc is an essential mineral for the production of alcohol as it is a co-factor in alcohol dehydrogenase, the enzyme responsible for alcohol production in yeast. The general consensus of zinc levels needed for yeast fermentation is 0.4 – 1.07 PPM (Nicola and Walker, 2011). METHODS: Data was collected using a refractometer of the brews. There were five brews in total, one with yeast nutrient, two with zinc sulfate at 0.5 PPM and two at 1PPM along with their controls. RESULTS: A total of 25 brews, in five groups of five, were performed. The results showed that supplementing the yeast with commercial yeast nutrient significantly improved the fermentation rate, while zinc sulfate at 0.5 and 1PPM showed no significant difference when compared to the controls. CONCLUSIONS: While a certain level of zinc is needed for fermentation, this study did not find supplementing homebrew cider with zinc sulfate to significantly improve the fermentation rate in comparison with control brews. When compared to yeast nutrient, zinc sulfate was not found to improve the fermentation rate. In order to consider whether or not supplementing zinc can improve fermentation in homebrewing, more studies must be conducted with different factors taken into consideration such as the yeast variant, the juice used and the initial concentration of zinc compounds in the juice. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - THES A1 - Niederholz, Anna-Marie T1 - Cannabinoide in der analgetischen Therapie: Chancen und Risiken N2 - Hintergrund: In den letzten Jahren finden die Cannabinoide THC und CBD immer mehr Bedeutung in der Medizin zur Behandlung von Schmerzen. Die ärztliche Verordnung von medizinischem Cannabis ist seit 2017 in Deutschland legal. Viele Ärzte zögern bei Indikation der Patienten eine Verordnung aufgrund mangelnder Aufklärung hinaus. Auch in der Gesellschaft erfährt Cannabis eher negative Bewertungen bedingt durch seines Vorurteils zur Einstiegsdroge. Dabei bietet die Nutzung von Cannabis in der Medizin nicht nur Risiken, sondern auch Chancen in der Analgesie. Ziele: Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Darstellung von Chancen und Risiken der Cannabinoide in der analgetischen Therapie. Ergebnisse: Kombinationspräparate, die CBD und THC in einem 1:1 Verhältnis enthalten, weisen eine hohe Analgesie auf. CBD antagonisiert nachweislich die psychoaktive Komponente des THC. Auch gastrointestinale Nebenwirkungen wie Obstipation, Nausea und Emesis lassen sich durch die richtige Dosis lindern. Als adjuvante Therapieform können Cannabinoide die Menge der einnehmenden Opioide bei langfristigen Therapien senken. Wird THC in zu hoher Dosis und ohne ärztliche Betreuung eingenommen, kann die Psychoaktivität steigen und es treten unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen wie Angststörungen, Schlafstörungen oder Depressionen auf. Fazit: Die Chancen der Cannabinoide liegen primär in der Analgesie. Auch Nebenwirkungen ausgelöst durch andere Erkrankungen oder Arzneimittel lassen sich lindern. Unter ärztlicher Betreuung können Nebenwirkungen präventiv vermieden werden, indem das Präparat, die Dosis und die Applikationsform individuell auf den Patienten abgestimmt werde Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-9430 ER - TY - THES A1 - Belkhodja, Fatma T1 - Targeted therapy to overcome the blood-brain barrier in treating Glioblastoma N2 - Glioblastoma represents a challenge in oncology, characterized by its aggressive nature and resistance to conventional therapies. This thesis conducts a comprehensive examination of Glioblastoma, with a primary focus on advancing therapeutic strategies through precision medicine and sophisticated drug delivery mechanisms. The inquiry starts with an exhaustive analysis of the intricate blood-brain barrier, a vital neurovascular interface critical for understanding drug delivery complexities to the central nervous system. Subsequently, the study delves into Glioblastoma, elucidating its etiological foundations, molecular intricacies, clinical presentations, and existing treatment paradigms. The core of this research centers on the exploration of state-of-the-art targeted therapies, encompassing molecular-level targeting, immunotherapeutic modalities, and synergistic therapeutic approaches. It dissects a range of strategies aimed at enhancing drug delivery, including chemical disruption techniques, innovative delivery methodologies, and bioengineered approaches. Furthermore, it underscores the transformative potential of nanotechnology, emphasizing nanocarriers as precision tools poised to revolutionize GBM therapy. The literature review is conducted meticulously, drawing from renowned databases like PubMed, NCBI, NIH/National Cancer Institute, JSTOR, and BioMed Central. Additionally, reputable national and international health institute websites, along with carefully selected books from the campus library, contribute to the diverse and robust foundation of credible information. The discussion segment dissects the challenges inherent in GBM targeted treatment, underscores the burgeoning domain of precision medicine, highlights the paradigm-shifting role of theranostics, and outlines a roadmap for future prospects in this intricate landscape. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-18504 ER - TY - THES A1 - Heilemann, Nico T1 - Chrono-Nutrition: Zusammenhang der Nahrungsaufnahme und Schlafqualität bei gesunden Erwachsenen N2 - Hintergrund: Die Inzidenz von Schlafstörungen ist in Deutschland in den letzten Jahren stark gestiegen. Entgegen aktuellen Ernährungsempfehlungen sind vom Effizienzgedanken getrieben unnatürliche Ernährungsmuster entstanden. Das Frühstück wird übersprungen, schnelle Mahlzeiten über den Tag verteilt und große Mahlzeiten am Abend verzehrt. Eine Anpassung der Lebens- und Essgewohnheiten an den zirkadianen Rhythmus des Sonnenlichts kann in der Theorie zu einer Verbesserung der Schlafqualität führen. Lösungsansätze der Chrono-Nutrition wie das frühzeitliche intermittierende Fasten (eTRE), haben bereits nachweislich positive Vorteile für die metabolischen Gesundheit gezeigt. Ein eindeutig positiver Einfluss auf den Schlaf ist jedoch noch umstritten und der Zusammenhang zur Tageszeit wurde ebenfalls unzureichend untersucht. Methodik: Es wurde eine einwöchige Online-Befragung unter gesunden Erwachsenen bis 59 Jahren, ohne Schichtarbeit durchgeführt. Die Fragen bezogen sich auf die Tages- und Ernährungsgewohnheiten sowie der subjektiven Schlafqualität bzw. -dauer. Ergebnisse: 225 TN haben erfolgreich an der Befragung teilgenommen und wurden ausgewertet. Es wurden ein signifikant positiver Einfluss der Regelmäßigkeit der Nahrungsaufnahme und ein signifikant negativer Einfluss der Nahrungsaufnahme innerhalb der letzten Stunde vor der Schlafenszeit auf die Schlafqualität festgestellt. Zusammenfassung: Zusammenfassend kann gesagt werden, dass die Regelmäßigkeit der Nahrungsaufnahme und die letzte Mahlzeit einen größeren Effekt auf die Schlafqualität aufweisen als die erste Mahlzeit des Tages. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-18747 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hammoudeh, Basil Mazen T1 - The use of biocatalysis in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) N2 - Colorectal cancer is a significant global health burden. Early-stage colorectal cancer is asymptomatic, which, coupled with the fact that later stages of CRC have a very low prognosis, and that current methods of diagnosis and treatment significantly impact the patient, exploring alternate ways to diagnose and treat CRC is vital. Biocatalysis is the use of naturally found catalysts such as nanozymes and enzymes in order to catalyze reactions. Due to their characteristics and uses, biocatalysts are seen as promising alternatives to current methods of CRC diagnosis and therapy. This research-based bachelor thesis aims to summarize and analyze current traditional and biocatalytic methods that exist to diagnose and treat CRC, in order to seek the potential of biocatalysis in this field, as well as discuss its current state and its future in comparison to currently implemented methods. It provides an extensive overview of traditional and biocatalytic approaches to diagnosis and therapy, considering important factors such as efficacy, sensitivity, selectivity, cost, and safety. The thesis also delves into the use of biocatalysis for important points such as the early diagnosis of CRC, and the challenges faced during development, regulation, and monetary concerns. Through careful analysis of the strengths and limitations of techniques in the field, as well as personal opinions on the future of research, conclusions on given hypotheses regarding biocatalysis in CRC diagnosis and therapies were presented and included strong support for the unquestionable potential of biocatalysis use in cancer healthcare, while highlighting possibilities to tap into that potential by scrutinizing their equally as unquestionable current limitations. Overall, this thesis aspires to contribute, on however minuscule a scale, towards the advancement of CRC diagnosis and therapy approaches, with the ambition of improving patient care and prognosis, as well as quality of life for those struggling or who will struggle in the future with the disease, together with their kin who are profoundly affected as well. KW - Colorectal cancer KW - Cancer KW - Biocatalysis KW - Enzymes KW - Diagnosis KW - Therapy Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-18147 ER - TY - THES A1 - Pastoors, Ann-Kathrin T1 - Der Effekt kurzkettiger Fettsäuren auf die Darmmikrobiota im Zusammenhang mit Adipositas N2 - Der demographische Wandel führt zu einer stetig höheren Lebenserwartung der Menschen. Ein erhöhtes Alter birgt das Risiko an einer Vielzahl von Krankheiten zu leiden. Darunter fallen insbesondere Herz Kreislauf¬ Erkrankung und Krebserkrankung. Solche Erkrankung fallen ebenfalls unter die Folge und Begleiterkrankung einer Adipositas. Die Adipositas ist eine Stoffwechselerkrankung und beschreibt ein erhöhtes Körpergewicht aufgrund eines erhöhten Körperfettanteils. Die Erkrankung kann beispielsweise durch eine Ernährungsumstellung gelindert werden. Die Ernährung kann unter anderem auch die Darmmikrobiota modulieren. Insbesondere Ballaststoffe und die Fermentationsprodukte der Ballaststoffe, die kurzkettigen Fettsäuren, haben einen Einfluss auf die Darmmikrobiota. Aufgrund dessen werden in dieser Arbeit die Effekte der kurzkettigen Fettsäuren auf die Darmmikrobiota insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit der Erkrankung Adipositas untersucht. Die Ursachen einer Adipositas liegen meist in den Lebensweisen der Patienten. Eine erhöhte Energieaufnahme und geringe Bewegung führen zu einem Anstieg des Körperfettanteils und erhöhen zudem das Risiko für Begleiterkrankung, wie Diabetes mellitus Typ 2, koronaren Herzkrankheiten oder auch Depressionen. Insbesondere die konservativen Behandlungsmöglichkeiten zeigen wenig positive Ergebnisse und die Entwicklung neuer Methoden muss Priorität haben. Die Fermentationsprodukte der Ballaststoffe sind die kurzkettigen Fettsäuren. Diese haben sowohl orexigene als auch anorexigene Eigenschaften. Bei der Ausarbeitung der Ergebnisse wurde deutlich, dass die kurzkettigen Fettsäuren bei der Behandlung der Adipositas von großer Bedeutung sein können. Sie beeinflussen wichtige Rezeptoren, die die appetithemmende Hormone PYY und GLP 1 freisetzen und eine überschüssige Nahrungsaufnahme verhindern. Des Weiteren wirken sich die kurzkettigen Fettsäuren positiv auf die Gluconeogenese aus. Zudem konnten verschiedene Studien über Supplementierungen positive Effekte der kurzkettigen Fettsäuren verzeichnen. Dennoch ergaben sich bei der Bearbeitung der Literatur ebenfalls widersprüchliche Ergebnisse. Um die genauen Effekte der kurzkettigen Fettsäuren lückenfrei zu erschließen sind weitere Forschungen und Experimente zwingend notwendig. Die ersten Untersuchungen zeigen aber, dass eine ballaststoffreiche Ernährung und eine erhöhte Konzentration der kurzkettigen Fettsäuren bei der Behandlung und Prävention eine entscheidende Rolle annehmen. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-19117 ER - TY - THES A1 - Dos Santos, Leonardo Henrique T1 - The effects of cannabinoids CBD and WIN 55 212-2 against oxidative stress in BR1 Astrocytes from a proteomic viewpoint N2 - Oxidative stress is a common hallmark observed in neurodegenerative diseases, acting either as a triggering factor or as a consequence of the neurodegenerative process. Astrocytes play a crucial role in mediating oxidative stress caused by physiological processes, such as the byproducts of mitochondrial function during cellular respiration. Given the critical role of oxidative stress in the progression of many neurodegenerative diseases, identifying molecules capable of modulating this response and mitigating oxidative damage is of considerable interest. Cannabinoids such as cannabidiol (CBD) and WIN 55.212-2, known for their capability of influencing the endocannabinoid system through their interaction with cannabinoid receptors (namely, CB1R and CB2R), and therefore the Central Nervous System, are promising candidates for such modulation. This work aimed to explore, through proteomics, the potential effect that the mentioned cannabinoids might have against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in astrocytes, possibly mitigating some of the oxidative damage. KW - Cannabis KW - WIN 55.212-2 KW - CBD KW - Astrocytes KW - Proteomics KW - Neurodegeneration KW - Neurodegenerative Diseases KW - OmicScope KW - Oxidative Stress KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BR1 Astrocytes Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-21665 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ratnayake, Hasiru T1 - A Systematic Review of Rapamycin- Mediated Fetal Hemoglobin Induction via the mTOR Pathway N2 - mTOR inhibitor rapamycin has been observed to induce fetal hemoglobin in patients of β-hemoglobinopathies, a group of disorders in which mutations in the gene responsible β-globin chains results in reduced or malformed RBC production, leading to anemia. The induction of fetal hemoglobin bypasses these mutations, as they are found on the gene responsible for adult hemoglobin. Following birth, the fetal hemoglobin gene is silenced, and the adult gene is activated through a process known as the hemoglobin switch. Rapamycin treatment reverses this hemoglobin switch but the mechanism by which it does so is currently unknown. Rapamycin functions through its inhibition of mTORC1, a protein complex responsible for nutrient- and growth factor-dependent cell growth and proliferation. This literature review seeks to collate existing information on the mTORC1 signalling pathway and the hemoglobin switch, allowing for a specific mechanism by which rapamycin induces fetal hemoglobin through its inhibition of mTORC1 to be hypothesized. Following the literature search, 55 studies on the mTORC1 pathway and 31 studies on the hemoglobin switch were summarized. Using the information gained from this, three hypotheses were put forward for the possible induction mechanism, out of which the primary hypothesis is based on the hemoglobin switching factor KLF1. This was based on the observation that the knockdown of Raptor, a crucial component of mTORC1, in mice caused a decreased expression of KLF1. As KLF1 is an essential component of the hemoglobin switch, this provides a direct link between the inhibition of mTORC1 and the reversal of the hemoglobin switch. Additionally, the efficiency of rapamycin in comparison to other methods of fetal hemoglobin was discussed, including newer generations of mTOR inhibitors developed using rapamycin as a foundation. Finally, possible avenues of research to confirm the validity of the proposed hypotheses and to address points of ignorance within each topic were discussed. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-21155 ER - TY - THES A1 - Mumtaz, Muhammad Imran T1 - Generation and expression of a mutated murine tRNA-guanine transglycosylase variant N2 - Translation of messenger RNA carrying the nucleic code for protein synthesis is one of the vital bioprocesses of living organisms. This translation is mediated by transfer RNA, which allocates specific amino acids to the growing chain by decoding the genetic code. The tRNAs with the G34U35N36 anticodon sequence are recognised by an enzyme called tRNA-guanine transglycosylase, which catalyses the exchange of guanine with queuine. TGT enzyme is found in all three domains of life and is involved in post-transcriptional modification. TGT is of keen interest in the development of therapeutics against shigellosis, since the genetic inactivation of TGT leads to decreased pathogenicity in Shigella. For understanding the differences between bacterial and eukaryotic TGT, studies have been performed in the past, which show remarkable resemblance. On the contrary, some pronounced structural contrast can also be observed. One prominent difference is that the bacterial TGT contains a short turn of three amino acids, whereas, in eukaryotes, this turn is replaced by an extended loop of more than 45 amino acids. The function of this loop in eukaryotic TGT is not known. The loop is a highly flexible region and, thus, is not structurally solved. To elucidate the function of this loop, a TGT mutant lacking this loop was generated, expressed and purified. TGT mutant was expressed in different bacterial cell strains. For the purification, different chromatography techniques were utilised. The mutation resulted in a low yield of the protein in comparison to the wild-type TGT. This leads to the inference that the loop influences the physicochemical characteristics of the protein. KW - RNA-guanine transglycosylase KW - Generation KW - Expression KW - Queuine KW - Protein purification KW - Chromatography KW - Site-directed mutagenesis KW - Protein mutation Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-18560 ER - TY - THES A1 - May, Clarissa T1 - Efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medical DrugsThe Treatment of Common Illnesses in Comparison with Western medicine N2 - The efficacy of treating common illnesses with traditional Chinese medical drugs has been a subject of growing interest and debate especially when compared to established practices of modern Western medicine. The integration of alternative and traditional medicine practices also gains significance as healthcare systems evolve. This literature review aims to comprehensively assess and compare the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medical drugs with modern Western medial drugs in addressing common illnesses. Through a systematic analysis of reviewed scientific articles, clinical studies, and relevant literature the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medical drugs will be identified and compared to modern Western medical drugs and treatment options in context of the treatment success rates, symptom relief, adverse effects, and patient satisfaction. The study focuses on the herbal based remedies and their traditional therapeutic treatment methods, to illuminate their mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic benefits for a range of common illnesses such as the common cold and flu, digestive disorders, musculoskeletal pain, and skin conditions. Furthermore, the potential synergies between the two practices will be explored, as integrative healthcare becomes increasingly important as a comprehensive approach to patient wellbeing. Through a comprehensive analysis of the available medical literature and clinical data, this paper attempts to address the potential of traditional Chinese medical drugs as an alternative or complementary method to modern Western medicine for various common illnesses. The findings may contribute to informed decision-making by healthcare professionals and patients, offering insights into the strengths and limitations of each approach. Additionally, the research aims to foster a deeper understanding of cross-cultural medical practices and their potential integration into contemporary healthcare systems. KW - Traditional Chinese medicine Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-19440 ER - TY - THES A1 - Vu, Trong Khang Tommy T1 - Über die antidepressiven Effekte sportlicher Aktivität: Eine Metaanalyse klinischer Studien zu potenziellen Wirkmechanismen N2 - In dieser Bachelorarbeit wurde untersucht, wie körperliche Aktivität als adjuvante oder nicht-pharmakologische Therapie bei Depressionen eingesetzt werden kann. Es wurden sowohl die antidepressiven Effekte als auch potenzielle Wirkmechanismen analysiert. Der theoretische Teil beleuchtet Depressionen, neurobiologische Prozesse sowie gängige Behandlungsansätze. Die Ergebnisse einer systematischen Literaturrecherche zeigen, dass körperliche Aktivität positive Effekte auf depressive Symptome, die maximale Sauerstoffaufnahme (VO2) und die Schlafqualität hat. Insbesondere individuelle Programme sind wirksam. Es wurden die Vor- und Nachteile der Sporttherapie erörtert, sowie Empfehlungen für zukünftige Forschung gegeben. KW - Sport KW - Depression KW - Antidepressiva KW - Effekte KW - Bewegung Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-20348 ER - TY - THES A1 - Teresa, Zöbel T1 - Die Rolle individueller Copingstrategien und Resilienz für die mentale Gesundheit im Kontext der Wahrnehmung der Klimakrise: Eine systematische Untersuchung empirischer Studien N2 - Hintergrund: Der Klimawandel ist ein globales Problem, welches bereits weltweit spürbar ist und sich zukünftig weiter verschärfen wird. Neben den damit einhergehenden physischen Auswirkungen für die Gesundheit, steigt auch die Relevanz mentaler Belastungen. Nicht nur das Erleben von Naturkatastrophen und extremen Wetterereignissen, sondern auch die Wahrnehmungen der Veränderungen wirkt bedrohlich und kann eine mentale Belastung für Menschen darstellen. Ziel der Masterarbeit war es zu untersuchen, welche Rolle individuelle Copingstrategien und Resilienz für die mentale Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden im Kontext der Wahrnehmung der Klimakrise haben. Wesentlich war daher die Identifikation potenzieller Schutz- und Risikofaktoren sowie die Untersuchung von Copingstrategien im Kontext des Klimawandels, um gezielte Empfehlungen zur Stärkung der Resilienz und Verbesserung des psychischen Wohlbefindens abzuleiten. Methoden: Eine systematische Literaturrecherche wurde durchgeführt, um relevante, empirische Studien zu identifizieren. Das methodische Vorgehen orientierte sich an den Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Die Suche erfolgte auf den Datenbanken Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubPsych, PubMed und PsycArticles. Zur Bewertung der methodischen Qualität und Bewertung des Verzerrungspotenzials der eingeschlossenen Studien, wurden die Critical Appraisal Checklisten des Joanna Briggs Instituts (JBI) verwendet. Die Ergebnisse der Studien wurden anhand zweier Evidenztabellen nach Studiendesign und Studienergebnissen synthetisiert und narrativ beschrieben. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt erfüllten 19 von 1.676 geprüften Studien die Einschlusskriterien. Die Studien untersuchten unterschiedliche Copingstrategien und -stile, wie Verhaltensweisen des umweltfreundlichen Handelns sowie problem-, emotions- und bedeutungsorientierte Bewältigungsstrategien. Verschiedene Faktoren wurden berücksichtigt, darunter emotionale Reaktionen, psychologische, soziale und kognitive Aspekte sowie soziodemografische Eigenschaften. Zunächst wurde untersucht, wie Copingstrategien in Verbindung mit den einbezogenen Faktoren stehen. Darauf aufbauend wurde analysiert, wie diese Copingstrategien die mentale Gesundheit beeinflussen und ob die Faktoren im Kontext des Klimawandels als Schutz- oder Risikofaktoren wirken. Beispielsweise zeigten leichte Ausprägungen der Angst vor dem Klimawandel sowohl aktivierende Effekte, in Form von umweltfreundlichen Verhaltensweisen, als auch die Neigung zu mentalen Beeinträchtigungen, bei starker Ausprägung. Sorgen zeigten im Studienvergleich gemischte Auswirkungen, indem sie teilweise problemorientiertes Coping begünstigten, teilweise jedoch auch belastend wirkten. Wut zeigte vorwiegend aktivierende Effekte und weniger Beeinträchtigungen für die mentale Gesundheit. Naturverbundenheit, Geschlecht und Alter standen oftmals mit problemorientiertem Coping in Verbindung, jedoch gleichzeitig mit einer erhöhten Anfälligkeit für mentale Beeinträchtigung. Daneben wurden zwei Studien identifiziert, die unterschiedliche Maßnahmen zur Reduktion der mentalen Belastungen durch den Klimawandel evaluierten und bei relevanten Parametern der mentalen Gesundheit positive Ergebnisse erzielten. Schlussfolgerung: Es besteht verstärkter Forschungsbedarf, um die mentalen Auswirkungen im Kontext der Wahrnehmung des Klimawandels besser zu verstehen und wirksame Maßnahmen zur Förderung der mentalen Gesundheit zu entwickeln. Ein einheitliches Verständnis der untersuchten Konstrukte ist dabei entscheidend, um eine Vergleichbarkeit zwischen den Studien zu gewährleisten und gesicherte Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen. Damit kann die Entwicklung zielgerichteter Maßnahmen und die Förderung von persönlichen Ressourcen sowie adaptives Coping im Zusammenhang mit der Klimakrise unterstützt werden. KW - Klimawandel KW - Klimaangst KW - Coping KW - Resilienz KW - Mentale Gesundheit Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - THES A1 - Alshaikh, Badran-Mohammednoor T1 - Medi: A Software System for Improving the Analysis and Interpretation of Medical Tests in Clinical Laboratories. N2 - The rapid increase in patient numbers and the complexity of clinical information, coupled with a significant lack of assistive technologies for routine procedures, has emphasized the urgent need for innovative technological solutions in clinical laboratories. This need is amplified by the existence of over 238 blood tests, highlighting the challenge of managing and interpreting vast amounts of clinical information and data efficiently. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of Medi, a state-of-the-art software system designed to enhance the workflow of medical routine tasks in the pre-testing steps in clinical laboratories. By focusing on routine hematology, biochemistry, and microbiology tests, the study aims to revolutionize clinical laboratory processes, improve diagnostic accuracy, and enhance patient care. Through an extensive approach regarding specimen collection of blood and the utilization of automated medical devices, this study sheds light on the advantage of Medi to streamline operations within clinical laboratories. The research methodically assesses the impact of Medi on laboratory workflows and patient outcomes, employing a user-centric design to ensure the software meets the practical needs of healthcare professionals. Medi demonstrated significant improvements in laboratory efficiency, with streamlined workflow. Key findings include the standardization of blood specimen collection procedures, limiting blood-tube-selection errors, and a positive impact on laboratory operations. The software facilitated a more cohesive integration of clinical data, contributing to better-informed decision-making and improved patient care. By comparing these outcomes with the current state of clinical diagnostics, Medi's introduction represents a transformative shift in laboratory operations. It not only addresses the pressing need for advanced assistive technologies in the clinical laboratory settings but also sets a new standard in patient care. This research underlines the potential of integrating software solutions with existing laboratory technologies, paving the way for a new era in clinical testing. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-19466 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hirle, Yasmin T1 - Arbeit 4.0: Die Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung auf die Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit in Organisationen N2 - Die heutige Gesellschaft ist eine Erwerbsgesellschaft. Arbeit sichert die soziale und materielle Integration der Bürger (Korte und Weidenfeld 2001). Die Globalisierung und die Digitalisierung des westeuropäischen Arbeitsmarktes führt unter Beschäftigten zu Unsicherheitswahrnehmungen bezüglich des Fortbestandes des Arbeitsplatzes (Sverke et al. 2006). Der digitale Wandel revolutioniert Geschäftsmodelle und Branchen und führt zur Entstehung neuer Produktions- und Logistikketten sowie neuer Produkte und Dienstleistungen. Zudem findet der digitale Wandel weltweit statt, wodurch der globale Wettbewerb und die internationale Arbeitsteilung zunehmen. Im Zuge der Digitalisierung sind in den vergangenen Jahren insbesondere mittlere Tätigkeiten mit hohem Routine Grad zurückgegangen (BMAS 2015). Das zunehmende Substituierbarkeitspotential verschiedener Tätigkeiten führt zu einer signifikanten Verstärkung der Wahrnehmung von Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit unter den Erwerbstätigen. Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit birgt zahlreiche negative Auswirkungen. So hat z.B. eine sich schnell wandelnde, unsichere Arbeitsumgebung nicht nur Auswirkungen auf das Wohlergehen der Mitarbeiter*innen, sondern auf die gesamte Organisation (Ashford et al. 1989). Zu den Folgen von Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit gehören psychische und physische Belastungen und eine erhöhte Kündigungsabsicht der Beschäftigten. Zudem besteht ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit und Arbeitszufriedenheit. In Zeiten der fortschreitenden Digitalisierung stellt die Prävention von Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit und die Reduktion ihrer Folgen eine zentrale Managementaufgabe für Organisationen dar. Mittels einer systematischen Literaturrecherche werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit Indikatoren für die Entstehung der Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit identifiziert. Dazu gehört nicht nur der drohende Verlust des Arbeitsplatzes, sondern auch der drohende Verlust geschätzter Merkmale der ausgeübten Tätigkeit. Nach der Analyse der Ursachen und Auswirkungen von Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit werden Handlungsempfehlungen für Organisationen entwickelt, um der Entstehung von Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit vorzubeugen oder die Folgen von Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit weitestgehend zu reduzieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass besonders in Zeiten der zunehmenden Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt Maßnahmen wie eine frühzeitige und offene Kommunikation über bevorstehende Veränderungsprozesse, soziale Unterstützung, Partizipation der Mitarbeiter*innen und Förderungsangebote für die Belegschaft von zentraler Bedeutung sind, um die Effektivität der Organisation aufrecht zu erhalten. KW - Digitalisierung KW - Arbeit 4.0 KW - Industrie 4.0 KW - Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit KW - Organisation Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-6032 ER - TY - THES A1 - Klose, Marian T1 - Optimierung der Krebstherapie durch Inhibition von MDR1 N2 - MDR1 (Multidrug Resistance Protein 1) stellt ein Membranprotein dar, welches das Ziel hat, den Körper vor Toxinen und Xenobiotika zu schützen. Dieser Schutzmechanismus kann sich allerdings erheblich auf die Chemotherapie auswirken, indem Wirkstoffe aus der Zielzelle heraustransportiert werden. Da der Effekt von MDR1 in einigen Fällen unerwünscht ist, kommt es zum Einsatz von Inhibitoren. Diese lassen sich je nach Toxizität und Herkunft in verschiedene Kategorien einteilen. Diese Arbeit gibt zunächst einen wissenschaftlichen Hintergrund. Zuerst werden Multiwirkstoffresistenzen im allgemeinen beschrieben, bevor MDR1 genauer beleuchtet wird. Danach werden verschiedene Bereiche der Krebserkrankung erläutert, um im Anschluss die unterschiedlichen Klassen der Inhibitoren vorzustellen. Die Diskussion schildert schlussendlich sowohl Chancen als auch Risiken der Inhibition und setzt diese in ein Verhältnis. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass es in der Chemotherapie vermehrt zu Wirkstoffresistenzen kommt. Krebszellen adaptieren und ändern ihre Genexpression, sodass altbewährte Medikamente nicht mehr greifen. Die Inhibition könnte dies umkehren, bringt aber zusätzliche Nebenwirkungen mit sich, sodass sich keine klare Empfehlung zugunsten der Inhibition von MDR1 geben lässt. KW - Krebs KW - MDR1 KW - P-Glykoprotein KW - Optimierung Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-4427 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schiffers, Lukas T1 - Optimization of RT-PCR Assays for the Roche cobas® 6800/8800 Utility Channel: Influence of 2´-O-Methyl modified Primers on PCR efficiency N2 - Automated, high-throughput real-time PCR instruments such as the cobas® 6800/8800 from Roche have revolutionized the operation in molecular diagnostics laboratories as they provide a complete process of patient samples including all necessary steps for PCR applications from material preparation up to the calculation and evaluation of final results with a minimum of user interaction. In addition to the broad spectrum of commercially available ready-to-use reagent kits for blood screenings, virologic and microbiological assays as well as tests designed for women’s health, the cobas® 6800/8800 provides a tool which allows users to develop and implement their own tests onto the high-throughput device. Equipped with this tool, called the cobas® omni Utility Channel, these automated instruments serve a high flexibility and can be adjusted to users’ personal needs. Notwithstanding the advantages of the Utility Channel, a limited number of lab developed tests have been implemented onto the cobas® 6800/8800 so far as no guideline for the optimization and transfer of such tests onto the Utility Channel has been provided to the public yet. In the course of this bachelor thesis, four real-time PCR assays, including an allele-specific duplex test for HLA-B27, an established in-house test for the differentiation and detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum/parvum, a published assay for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis as well as a duplex reverse-transcription assay for the detection and differentiation of norovirus genogroup one and two have been optimized for the use on Utility Channel. Furthermore, 2´-O-Methyl modified primers have been integrated into the optimization process of all assays to asses their influence on PCR efficiency. Three of these four assays have been transferred successfully onto a cobas® 6800 following a developed method which lead to the final design of a flowchart guideline for the optimization of lab developed tests for the use on a cobas® 6800/8800 system. KW - PCR efficiency KW - Modified primers KW - Methylated primers KW - Cobas KW - Molecular biology Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-4632 ER - TY - THES A1 - Khedher, Lara T1 - Evolution of CRISPR-Cas genome editing methods: Chances and challenges in biotechnology N2 - Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, CRISPR, are located on DNA sequences, which encode for an antiviral defense mechanism in bacteria and archaea. Together with CRISPR-associated proteins, Cas endonucleases, CRISPR-Cas has emerged into a powerful platform for editing DNA and RNA. This thesis investigates the evolution and function of this prokaryotic defense mechanism and points out the three most applied CRISPR-Cas systems in relation to current applications in biotechnology. Furthermore, chances and challenges of named systems as well as a guideline for choosing the appropriate system with Cas endonucleases is framed. Therefore, several scientific databases were screened for the most informative and influential publications around the topic. Information was collected and organized in a reference management software. The utilized literature was tabularly denoted and gives an overview of the broad scope of CRISPR-Cas. The analysis of the topic shows, that CRISPR-Cas offers a broad application range with a huge chance for genome editing. A conclusion of this thesis is, that CRISPR-Cas has an enormous potential to be implemented for human genome editing. However, its challenges should be cleared beforehand. Further research has to be done to fully understand the impact CRISPR-Cas may have in future. KW - Genome editing KW - Genetics KW - CRISPR KW - Cas Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ranganathan, Shraddha T1 - Evaluation of two methods to reduce legume-related flatulence through enzymatic digestion of flatulence factors N2 - Legumes are nutritionally equivalent to many meat products, and can be used to supplement or replace meat in daily diets. This is beneficial for a variety of reasons, such as: i) growing legumes can help to reduce acidification of soil, global warming potential and energy use; ii) livestock is taxing on the environment in terms of adding to the volume of greenhouse gases and nitrification of soil while legume crops fix soil nitrogen. Consumers can be opposed to adding legumes to their diet due to the perception of legumes causing flatulence. Intestinal gas buildup, bloating, cramps, abdominal pain and flatulence are caused by raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) which cannot be digested in monogastric organisms such as humans. They are therefore broken down by microflora in the intestine; this bacterial digestion releases large volumes of hydrogen, which causes flatulence. The human body lacks the enzyme required to break down these RFOs — ⍺-galactosidase. This experiment evaluated two methods of applying ⍺-galactosidase to RFOs before they reach the intestinal microflora. The first method evaluates the effectiveness of enzymatically digesting the legumes before consumption. The second evaluates the effectiveness of the enzyme supplement Beano, which applies the enzyme to RFOs in the stomach. Experimental data showed that enzymatically digesting raw flours does significantly reduce the amount of RFOs in the legume. Similarly, Beano also reduces RFOs significantly. In 4 out of the 6 legumes sampled, there was no significant difference between the two methods. In order to consider the methods for commercial use, other factors (such as economic, logistical, etc.) must also be considered. At the outset, it appears that taking an enzyme supplement such as Beano might be more economically viable in the long term for the consumer, since processing costs for the flatulence free legumes would drive up the price of (normally cheap) legumes. There is an increase in the amount of people who are giving up meat for environmental and other reasons. For these consumers, as well as those who come from cultures that integrate legumes in their cuisine, the removal of flatulence factors from this nutrition-rich food group will be very beneficial. KW - Alpha-galactosidase KW - Bloating KW - Enzymatic assay Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-4903 ER - TY - THES A1 - Karssli, Mahmoud T1 - CRISPR technology in human medicine: advantages and disadvantages over traditional treatments N2 - Genome editing tools hold tremendous potential in fighting various diseases via editing specific sites within the target gene of interest of distinct cell types. Among these tools, CRISPR has shown several advantages over alternative nucleases, such as ease of design, high efficiency, and low cost. In this work, a comprehensive review of the existing research on the application of CRISPR technology to the treatment of human diseases is presented. These diseases include monogenic and infectious diseases, as well as conditions for which immunotherapies are typically applied, such as cancer and autoimmune disorders. Following this review is an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of CRISPR-based strategies compared to traditional treatments in a selection of diseases; this aims to demonstrate the overall potential of CRISPR therapeutic applications in humans and the need for further investigation and development. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-16080 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kanwal, Hafsa T1 - Detection of the Fish Pathogen Vagococcus salmoninarum via Quantitative real-time PCR for Aquaculture N2 - PHOTO-SENS is a project that aims to develop photonic biosensing chips as a means of allowing onset detection of pathogenic infections in aquaculture. These chips are meant to be a way for quick and simple routine testing that would enable aquaculture facilities to recognize potential outbreaks and minimize their effects. The chips detect target bacteria using short DNA sequences known as probes which are complementary to target DNA. One of the fish pathogens under consideration for the course of this project is Vagococcus salmoninarum, that is a causative agent of Vagococcosis. For this work, a primer and probe set specific to V. salmoninarum was designed. These primers and probes were then tested via qPCR for their selectivity and sensitivity and most importantly, quantification of DNA in samples using two different standard dilution series. Due to V. salmoninarum being a Gram-positive bacteria, three methods of DNA extraction were used and compared for maximum efficiency. Moreover, experiments were also conducted to mimic capture of eDNA (environmental DNA) from highly diluted water samples. Upon comparing the three DNA extraction methods, the improved 5% Chelex protocol that included rapid agitation via glass beads, yielded the highest amount of DNA that was closest to expected SQ. The detection of all samples, including very low copy number, was possible via qPCR. The first standard series which was the gBlocks standard series had the lowest detection limit of 1 copy with an efficiency of 105.8% and the second standard series that is the CFU standard series had a detection limit of 10 copies and had an efficiency of 104.2%. The filtration experiment also showed detection in diluted, filtered samples. Since detection using the designed probe was successful, the probes are therefore considered suitable for detection of Vagococcus salmoninarum in the PHOTO-SENS project. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-16222 ER - TY - THES A1 - Lavasanifar, Parsa T1 - Comparative analysis of guide RNA design tools N2 - Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR), has rapidly come to the forefront of genome engineering and has revolutionized the field. Today, CRISPR-Cas is regarded to be the most effective and efficient tool in genome editing. It is considered to have many applications in medicine, agriculture and biotechnology. The Cas protein and gRNA are two of the most crucial components of the CRISPR-Cas system. Currently, there are barriers that prevent the full potential of CRISPR-Cas systems in clinical applications, including, ethical concerns, off-target effects, immune system response, method of delivery. Off-target prevention relies heavily on gRNA analysis. With the help of technology and algorithms developed based on researches, there have been many bioinformatical tools focused on the off-target activity inhibition and increasing efficiency. In order to achieve practical use of CRISPR systems, there needs to be more predictive bioinformatical tools to minimize the off-target activity. This thesis aims to review some of these tools and discusses the criteria for future bioinformatical tools’ development by addressing the current limitations and challenges. This thesis is written theoretically by using various reputable resources such as PubMed in English. Because many of the tools covered in this thesis had no prior reviews, the author had to learn how to use them, therefore this thesis does not cover all of their features for professional users. In the result section, the author has provided figures from the interface of the tools along with description of the functionality of the algorithms in use. All of the mentioned tools are then examined in the discussion part. There, features such as speed, ease of use for beginners, price, being open-source, being web or local based, flexibility in working with other tools and batch analysis are reviewed and compared. There short conclusive results are also depicted in a table for effective comparison. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-15307 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wu, Ziang T1 - Significance of gut microbiota in prognosis of cancer therapy-induced rectal mucositis and treatment outcome N2 - Colorectal cancer is a common type of cancer. Chemotherapy is an important method to treat cancer. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a commonly used drug in chemotherapy regimens. 5-FU not only inhibited cancer cell division but also accelerated the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells. lead to colorectal mucositis. Some patients will develop severe mucositis, making subsequent treatment difficult and even life-threatening. The role of gut microbiota in the process of 5-FU-induced colorectal mucositis, and the regulation of gut microbiota through dietary regimens to reduce the possibility of colorectal mucositis deterioration are the research directions of this thesis. This thesis uses PubMed, NCBI and textbooks as the main reference sources, and some information comes from trusted websites. Through review and integration of research, it was concluded that gut microbiota played a non-negligible role in 5-FU-induced colorectal mucositis. Probiotics help maintain the stability of the intestinal mucosal barrier. The main cause of colorectal mucositis is that 5-FU suppresses the immune system and disrupts the immune system. Under the influence of 5-FU, intestinal flora dysbiosis occurs, and the intestinal mucosal barrier function is negatively affected. This leads to the worsening of colorectal mucositis. It can be inferred from research that a reasonable dietary regimen can reduce the possibility of exacerbation of colorectal mucositis. Furthermore, the digestive tract should be viewed as a whole. The role of the stomach and small intestine in the process of 5-FU-induced colorectal mucositis still needs further study. The research of gut microbes in this thesis focuses on Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Pathogenic/opportunistic pathogens and other probiotics are understudied. More in-depth studies are still needed on the role of gut microbes in the process of 5-FU-induced colorectal mucositis KW - Colorectal mucositis KW - Micobiota Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-15323 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kim, Wooyong T1 - 3D bioprinting of cartilage tissue: Current advances and challenges in tissue engineering N2 - As industrial technologies develop, some techniques were adopted and applied in medical fields for treatment improvement. Among them, 3D bioprinting is regarded as a rising and trending technology in the tissue engineering area. This is because not only does it offer patients customized organs or tissues, but also it can lower animal test dependency on drug testing. This paper is mainly focused on the use of 3D printing as a cartilage tissue fabrication for transplantation. In the beginning, general information and background knowledge concerning cartilage and bioprinting approaches were addressed. Subsequently, current research results from eight research teams related to cartilage tissue printing and grafting were introduced. Then the reports were classified and sorted into several groups to analyze and evaluate various methods' properties, advantages, and disadvantages. After that, some classic and traditional ways to produce artificial tissues without 3D bioprinting techniques were described to prove the strength of the novel tissue engineering technology. In the end, several side points, such as limitations, 3D bioprinting usages in fields other than tissue transplantation, market value, and outlook of bioprinting, were discussed. Information and sources were retrieved using Google and PubMed database search engines under specific inclusion and exclusion criteria through a PCC concept. Although the 3D bioprinting technique is still in development processes, it has a high potential to be a game-changing approach in the medical and pharmaceutical fields after commercialization in the future. KW - 3D bioprinting KW - Cartilage KW - Tissue transplantation Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-15373 ER - TY - THES A1 - Roehrich, Anne-Victoria T1 - Contribution of relocated biology technologies and mobile health for the estimation of cardiovascular risks. N2 - Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the first mortality causes in the world (Khan 2021) and one of the main causes of death in Belgium. It is gauged that 17.9 million lives are taken every year worldwide. They are the causes of multiple issues, such as premature death or disabilities. They are as well causing a consequent impact on socio-economic aspects. One of the cardiovascular risks, which is one of the main thematic of this thesis is Atrial Fibrillation (AF). AF is not a new pathology, it was already described in 1827 by Robert Adams, and then in the 20th century, William Einthoven, by inventing electrocardiography, enabled the first record of it (Staerk, Sherer, Ko et al. ,year 2017). AF is a type of cardiac arrhythmia, and the most sustained one. In Belgium it is estimated that 150 000 persons are affected by it. Being an important factor in the prevention of Heart Failures (HF) and Cardiovascular risks, the management, and the screening of it are a predominant matter taking in consideration the risks brought by it. Different protocols are established in hospitals, however it is a bit more limited in general practitioner’s offices (GP practices). The introduction to digital health devices can as well be delicate, as many benefits they can offer, a few disadvantages have to be taken into account in order to include them to a proper protocol. Establishing a protocol including different factors such as relocated biology technologies and mobile health, while being external to the GP practices, can prove itself to be a challenge. KW - Cardiology KW - Biotechnologies Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-15232 ER - TY - THES A1 - Sternberg, Daniel T1 - Cannabislegalisierung in Deutschland: Auswirkungen auf den Jugend- und Gesundheitsschutz N2 - Das Thema der Cannabislegalisierung in Deutschland ist mit dem Beschluss im Koalitionsvertrag der neuen Koalition von 2021 so aktuell wie nie zuvor. In der vorliegenden Arbeit soll herausgearbeitet werden, ob die Cannabislegalisierung in Deutschland den Jugend- und Gesundheitsschutz fördern kann. Nach Beantwortung dieser Frage soll darüber hinaus analysiert werden, welche Maßnahmen bzw. Rahmenbedingungen der Legalisierung den Jugend- und Gesundheitsschutz am effektivsten fördern können. Zur Beantwortung dieser Forschungsfragen wurde eine umfassende Literaturrecherche durchgeführt. Dass Cannabis in Deutschland trotz Verbot konsumiert wird, zeigt die Lebenszeitprävalenz von über 28 %. Es wurde herausgestellt, dass Cannabis insbesondere für Jugendliche gesundheitliche Gefahren mit sich bringt. Auf Grund der Illegalität wird das Cannabis unkontrolliert auf dem Schwarzmarkt verkauft, weshalb es oftmals zu minderwertiger Qualität oder sogar Streckmitteln und Verunreinigungen kommt, die zusätzliche Gesundheitsrisiken bergen. Ebenfalls wird der Kontakt zu anderen illegalen Drogen gefördert. Staaten, die Cannabis bereits legalisiert haben, zeigen, dass der Konsum kaum anstieg und bei Jugendlichen sogar rückläufig war. Bezüglich cannabisinduzierter Krankheiten konnte ein Anstieg festgestellt werden, der allerdings auf die steigende gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz von Cannabis zurückzuführen ist. Erstere Forschungsfrage lässt sich demnach damit beantworten, dass mit dem Wegfallen versteckter Gefahren des Schwarzmarktes der Jugend- und Gesundheitsschutz gefördert werden kann, da das alleinige Verbot nicht vom Konsum abhält. Mit gewissen Rahmenbedingungen, wie z.B. dem Preis, Verkaufsstellen, Höchstabgabemengen, Produktion und THC-Obergrenzen kann die Gesundheit der Konsumenten geschützt sowie auch die Häufigkeit und Intensität des Konsums eingeschränkt werden. Somit schützt die Legalisierung von Cannabis unter den richtigen Rahmenbedingungen effektiv die Gesundheit von Jugendlichen sowie allen Cannabiskonsumenten, während darüber hinaus finanzielle Vorteile entstehen. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-15970 ER - TY - THES A1 - Mutzberg, Lisa-Camilla T1 - Oral Enzyme Therapy in Systemic Analgetic Treatment N2 - The possibility of an oral enzyme combination being able to replace diclofenac in the treatment of pain and inflammation is discussed. Oral enzyme therapy involves the use of proteolytic enzymes like bromelain, serratiopeptidase, trypsin, rutin, and papain. The goal of oral enzyme therapy is to replace non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the treatment of symptoms requiring short or long-term treatment due to the side effects of NSAIDs for example diclofenac. The main analysis is focused on the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of oral enzyme therapy. The results are based on database retrieval covering single oral enzymes and oral enzyme combinations like Wobenzym and Phlogenzym. Osteoarthritis and post- surgery treatment studies of oral enzyme therapy are included to analyze the efficacy and effectiveness of the new treatment approach. Bromelain, serratiopeptidase, and rutin are covered in their industrial production. Safety and efficacy, trial diversity, economics, and the potential of oral enzymes being the new homeopathy are discussed. Oral enzymes show a great safety profile in the overall comparison to NSAIDs with tolerability rated as good and very good by patients and physicians. The trial diversity has an impact on the comparability resulting in the need for a cohesion set-up for the retrieval of evidence on the efficacy and effectiveness of oral enzyme therapy. The economic situation of oral enzymes is defined by the currently expensive production of enzymes with a possible reduction in retail price due to new techniques and technology. With the presence of new studies of high quality in the future, a detailed revision of facts is advised on oral enzymes being an alternative to NSAIDs. KW - Oral enzyme therapy KW - NSAIDs KW - Proteolytic enzymes KW - Diclofenac KW - Osteoarthritis Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-15107 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hoffmann, Annika T1 - Wie der Darm unsere Psyche beeinflusst-Modulation des Mikrobioms als geeigneter Therapieansatz für psychische Krankheiten? N2 - Die Prävalenz von psychischen Erkrankungen ist in der Bevölkerung weit verbreitet und in den letzten Jahren stark angestiegen. Jährlich sind etwa 27,8 % der Erwachsenen in Deutschland von psychischen Erkrankungen betroffen. Dabei sind die Rückfallquoten und die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Chronifizierung dieser Krankheiten sehr hoch. Auch besteht die Problematik, dass es wenige Anlaufstellen für die Betroffenen gibt, lange Wartezeiten in Kauf genommen werden müssen und herkömmliche medikamentöse Therapien teilweise starke Nebenwirkungen hervorrufen. In dieser Masterthesis wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen psychischen Krankheiten, dem Mikrobiom und Stoffwechselparametern untersucht, um zu klären, ob eine Modulation des Darm Mikrobioms durch Präbiotika und Probiotika einen geeigneten Behandlungsansatz für die Therapie von psychischen Erkrankungen wie Depressionen, Angststörungen, Schizophrenie oder Anorexia nervosa darstellen könnte. Dazu wurden insgesamt 55 Artikel analysiert. Die Abundanz von Darmmikroben auf Phylum-, Familien- und Gattungsebene, die Konzentrationsveränderung von Stoffwechselparametern, die Auswirkungen bestimmter Mikroorganismen auf die Stoffwechselparameter und der Effekt von Prä- und Probiotika auf das Mikrobiom und die Verhaltensweisen der Patienten bzw. der Tiere wurden in den Studien verglichen. Es konnte eine Korrelation zwischen der relativen Häufigkeit bestimmter Mikroorganismen, den von ihnen produzierten Metaboliten und dem Auftreten der untersuchten psychischen Erkrankungen festgestellt werden. Durch die Supplementation mit Prä- und Probiotika und insbesondere durch Lactobacillus spp. und Bifidobacterium spp., konnten die Symptome abgeschwächt werden. Vor allem der kombinierte Einsatz von Pro- und Präbiotika hat sich als effektiv erwiesen. Die Behandlung von psychischen Erkrankungen ausschließlich durch den Einsatz von Prä- und Probiotika ist häufig nicht ausreichend. In Kombination mit herkömmlichen Behandlungsmethoden ist die gezielte Modulation des Mikrobioms als sinnvoll zu bewerten. Insgesamt ist dieses Themenfeld jedoch noch wenig erforscht und die Literatur liefert teilweise widersprüchliche Ergebnisse, wodurch zukünftig weitere Untersuchungen erforderlich sind. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-15614 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wujec, Priscilla T1 - Chancen und Risiken einer CRISPR/Cas9 basierten Gentherapie an Duchenne Muskel Dystrophie und Zystischer Fibrose N2 - Hintergrund: Seit 2013 gewinnt das autonome Immunsystem der Bakterien CRISPR/Cas9 an Bedeutung für die Humanmedizin. Das System kann einen präzisen Schnitt in der DNA verursachen, gegebenenfalls neue Gene einsetzen. Mit CRISPR/Cas9 könnten krankheitsverursachende Gene potenziell ausgeschaltet und eine phänotypische Verbesserung oder Heilung ermöglicht werden. Jedoch gibt es noch Herausforderungen, welche die Behandlungsmöglichkeiten in der konventionellen Humanmedizin limitieren. Ziel der Arbeit: Ziel dieser Arbeit ist eine Abhandlung über die Chancen, Risiken und Herausforderungen der Genschere CRISPR/Cas9 in der Humanmedizin an genetisch bedingten Erkrankungen am Beispiel von Duchenne Muskel Dystrophie und Zystischer Fibrose. Ergebnisse: CRISPR/Cas9 kann an CF humanisierten Säugetiermodellen, sowie IPS Stammzellen eine Korrektur der F508 Deletion im CFTR Gen verursachen. Die Forskolin Schwellung ist nach Behandlung mit CRIPSR/Cas9 im Säugetiermodell wiederhergestellt. Es trat ein Off-Target Effekt auf. Gleichwohl konnte eine Behandlung mit CRISPR/Cas9 am humanisierten Säugetiermodell für DMD die Dystrophin-Expression wiederherstellen. Muskelkraft in Skelett- und Herzmuskulatur hat sich signifikant verbessert. Es kam zu On-Target Effekten und Immunreaktionen. Fazit: CRISPR/Cas9 hat das Potenzial genetische Mutationen zu korrigieren und die Gen-Expression zu retten. Weitere Studien müssen unternommen werden, um das Risiko von Off-Target Effekten zu minimieren, Langzeitwirkungen zu beobachten und Drug Delivery zu optimieren. KW - CRISPR/Cas9 KW - CRISPR KW - Cas9 KW - Gentherapie Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-12940 ER - TY - THES A1 - Torzewska, Agata T1 - Method development for quantification of prescription drugs Fluphenazine and Flupentixol in serum. N2 - The LVR clinic in Viersen belongs to a group of nine psychiatric clinics in NRW, Germany. In the pharmacy laboratory, the therapeutic drug monitoring is offered for antiepileptic drugs (AED´s), neuroleptics and antidepressants. Fluphenazine and Flupentixol are used to relieve the symptoms of schizophrenia and other similar mental health problems. The purpose of this work is the development and validation of methods for quantitation of the neuroleptics Fluphenazine and Flupentixol, contained in human serum. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is very important for a patient-matched therapy. TDM is applied to handle and direct the pharmacotherapy because of the pharmacokinetic differences between different individuals. The developed methods should be afterwards introduced into the daily routine of the laboratory. The analytical device used for this purpose is a Liquid Chromatography with a Mass Spectrometer (LCMS), with a Biphenyl Accucore separation column which is also used for other neuroleptics quantised. For Fluphenazine, an already existing in the laboratory sample precipitation method was used. Also, an already applied for other similar neuroleptics LCMS method, called “Biphenyl03_new” (lasting for 11 minutes, with a high gradient between the elution agents) was taken on, and resulted in a good linearity. In case of Flupentixol, a completely new method had to be established, in order to achieve a baseline separation of cis-Z-Flupentixol and trans-E-Flupentixol. For the sample preparation, a solid phase extraction method was developed. The established methods were then applied for quantitation of patient samples, and the stability of the measurements was proved. Also, the accuracy and precision of obtained results was tested in the Proficiency Test. Limit of quantitation achieved for Fluphenazine was 0,5ng/ml, whereas for Flupentixol the LOQ was 0,25ng/ml. The Limit of detection found was 0,05ng/ml for both substances. The development was successful for both analytes and the established methods were integrated into the daily routine of the laboratory. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-12715 ER - TY - THES A1 - Birkenbach, Gesa T1 - Quantitative real-time PCR Detection of Yersinia ruckeri for Application in Aquaculture N2 - To detect pathogen infections in aquaculture early and reduce their impact, a photonic biosensing chip is being developed in the PHOTO-SENS project, to enable fast and easy routine testing in aquaculture facilities. One target bacterial pathogen is Yersinia ruckeri, the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease. Detection is based on short DNA sequences (probes), that are complementary to the DNA of their target pathogen. In this work, a Yersinia ruckeri-specific probe was designed together with a set of qPCR primers. The probe and primers were tested in qPCR experiments, including quantifi- cation of extracted DNA, specificity and sensitivity testing, and detection of bacterial DNA from highly diluted samples to mimic the detection of environmental DNA. Three different standard series were created for the quantification of unknown samples. The influence of fish tissue on detection was tested, and the efficiency of Chelex-DNA ex- tractions were compared to peqGOLD Tissue DNA Mini Kit extractions. During quantification experiments with a first standard series (Y1P), the quantification output of most samples was 12–175 times higher than expected. The lower limit of detection was at 100 copies based on that standard, with an efficiency of 88%. The discrepancy was reduced with a gBlocks standard (limit of detection: 5 copies; effi- ciency: 92%). A CFU standard provided quantification results in reasonable agreement with expected CFU starting quantities (limit of detection: 1 CFU; efficiency: 106%). De- tection of diluted samples after filtration was possible. Chelex DNA extractions yielded higher amounts of detectable DNA compared to a DNA extraction kit. Less bacterial DNA was extracted in bacterial culture samples containing fish tissue than in samples that did not contain fish tissue. Higher-than-expected quantification outputs were attributed to flaws in the creation of a first standard series as well as detectable DNA from dead cells or clusters that were not accounted for in the expected starting quantities. The gBlocks standard was as- sumed to be most reliable for quantification of exact copy numbers, while the CFU standard produced results that could be accounted for in CFU counts. As these chal- lenges concerned the standard series’ and not the probe itself, it was concluded that the probe was suitable for application in the PHOTO-SENS project for detection of Yersinia ruckeri. KW - Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) KW - Yersinia ruckeri KW - DNA quantification KW - Hydrolysis probe KW - Aquaculture Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-16361 ER - TY - THES A1 - Waller, Ole T1 - Evaluating the potential of mRNA vaccines for human rabies N2 - To this date, rabies is still one of the most fatal diseases worldwide and generates at least 59,000 deaths per year. Although current vaccines are safe and effective, RNA technology proposes improved vaccines that are potentially able to facilitate eradication of rabies until 2030. In this review, RNA vaccine candidates are evaluated for their potential to be effective against rabies and to be implemented in immunization programs. To understand the relevance of disease prevention, rabies virus and its function in the body is clarified. RNA technology is explained to comprehend its mode of action in the human immune system and its potential to be a vaccine platform. Comparison to existing vaccines showed advantages in several characteristics that are relevant for vaccine approval. RNA vaccines scored better in efficacy, stability, production, and dosing, but there is still room for improvements in terms of safety and tolerability. Theoretical potential is proven, but practical translation of RNA vaccines into clinical candidates requires more attention, as safety and tolerability are the leading limiting factor for approval of any new drug or vaccine. Producing a safe, stable and effective RNA vaccine does not necessarily ensure less rabies deaths, because rabies control strategies heavily rely on proper funding and availability in these rabies endemic region. Nonetheless, RNA vaccine technology offers potential solutions for the elimination of rabies. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-16737 ER - TY - THES A1 - Abdelazim, Ahmed T1 - A Structured Classification and Evaluation of Current and Future Treatments for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus N2 - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease that has a variety of manifestations and is therefore difficult to find a treatment for. Several advances have occurred in the field of SLE drug discovery, especially since the publishing of the first Genome Wide-Associated Studies in 2005. More than one hundred loci were found to be involved in the disease. Subsequently, the treatments were aimed towards tackling the pathways that were found after the uses of modern genetic techniques. Historically, the FDA approved only two drugs for treatment until the approval of Belimumab in 2011. Ten years later, two more drugs were approved in the same year, with few more drugs expected to receive approval in the near future. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of these future drugs in addition to the ones considered to be milestones in the treatment of SLE, finding Anifrolumab to be the most promising drug currently on the market for treatment of moderate to severe SLE and Obinutuzumab to be the drug to watch. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-16960 ER - TY - THES A1 - Chentsova, Olga T1 - MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS (MSC) IN BREAST CANCER TREATMENT: ADVANTAGES AND CHALLENGES OVER TRADITIONAL THERAPIES N2 - Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent and deadly malignancies in women globally, due to its aggressive behavior and poor response to traditional treatments. Despite the significant improvements in understanding of tumor therapies, efforts to treat patients with advanced cancer are still hampered by the size and heterogeneity of the tumor burden and the development of drug resistance. Therefore, the need for novel therapeutic strategies is essential. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been studied for a long time with encouraging results in the treatment of metastatic cancers, including breast cancer. The discovery of MSCs' therapeutic abilities to inhibit the growth of cancer, cause cell death, and trigger immune responses served as a catalyst for the development of bioengineered MSCs. The use of MSCs in cell therapy is the subject of numerous investigations now. This thesis aimed to summarize the current knowledge on traditional breast cancer treatments and compare them to novel approaches based on MSCs usage. To this end, scientific publications retrieved from databases such as PubMed were selected considering specific inclusion/exclusion criteria and were extensively analyzed. Results obtained underline the potential applications of MSCs for breast cancer treatment, such as using MSCs as carriers of oncolytic viruses, suicide genes, and anticancer medicines to malignancies. Furthermore, challenges and limitations of several MSCs based treatments and MSCs control were evaluated and discussed based on ongoing clinical trials. KW - MSC KW - Mesenchymal stem cells KW - Traditional cancer therapies breast cancer KW - BC KW - Treatment Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-16927 ER -