TY - THES A1 - Tran Nguyen, Anh Tho T1 - The influence of zinc sulfate in the fermentation rate of cider under homebrewing conditions N2 - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to first determine the effectiveness of zinc sulfate at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 PPM (Parts Per Million) on the fermentation rate of yeast when brewing cider under homebrewing conditions and to compare it to commercial yeast nutrient. Zinc is an essential mineral for the production of alcohol as it is a co-factor in alcohol dehydrogenase, the enzyme responsible for alcohol production in yeast. The general consensus of zinc levels needed for yeast fermentation is 0.4 – 1.07 PPM (Nicola and Walker, 2011). METHODS: Data was collected using a refractometer of the brews. There were five brews in total, one with yeast nutrient, two with zinc sulfate at 0.5 PPM and two at 1PPM along with their controls. RESULTS: A total of 25 brews, in five groups of five, were performed. The results showed that supplementing the yeast with commercial yeast nutrient significantly improved the fermentation rate, while zinc sulfate at 0.5 and 1PPM showed no significant difference when compared to the controls. CONCLUSIONS: While a certain level of zinc is needed for fermentation, this study did not find supplementing homebrew cider with zinc sulfate to significantly improve the fermentation rate in comparison with control brews. When compared to yeast nutrient, zinc sulfate was not found to improve the fermentation rate. In order to consider whether or not supplementing zinc can improve fermentation in homebrewing, more studies must be conducted with different factors taken into consideration such as the yeast variant, the juice used and the initial concentration of zinc compounds in the juice. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - THES A1 - Niederholz, Anna-Marie T1 - Cannabinoide in der analgetischen Therapie: Chancen und Risiken N2 - Hintergrund: In den letzten Jahren finden die Cannabinoide THC und CBD immer mehr Bedeutung in der Medizin zur Behandlung von Schmerzen. Die ärztliche Verordnung von medizinischem Cannabis ist seit 2017 in Deutschland legal. Viele Ärzte zögern bei Indikation der Patienten eine Verordnung aufgrund mangelnder Aufklärung hinaus. Auch in der Gesellschaft erfährt Cannabis eher negative Bewertungen bedingt durch seines Vorurteils zur Einstiegsdroge. Dabei bietet die Nutzung von Cannabis in der Medizin nicht nur Risiken, sondern auch Chancen in der Analgesie. Ziele: Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Darstellung von Chancen und Risiken der Cannabinoide in der analgetischen Therapie. Ergebnisse: Kombinationspräparate, die CBD und THC in einem 1:1 Verhältnis enthalten, weisen eine hohe Analgesie auf. CBD antagonisiert nachweislich die psychoaktive Komponente des THC. Auch gastrointestinale Nebenwirkungen wie Obstipation, Nausea und Emesis lassen sich durch die richtige Dosis lindern. Als adjuvante Therapieform können Cannabinoide die Menge der einnehmenden Opioide bei langfristigen Therapien senken. Wird THC in zu hoher Dosis und ohne ärztliche Betreuung eingenommen, kann die Psychoaktivität steigen und es treten unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen wie Angststörungen, Schlafstörungen oder Depressionen auf. Fazit: Die Chancen der Cannabinoide liegen primär in der Analgesie. Auch Nebenwirkungen ausgelöst durch andere Erkrankungen oder Arzneimittel lassen sich lindern. Unter ärztlicher Betreuung können Nebenwirkungen präventiv vermieden werden, indem das Präparat, die Dosis und die Applikationsform individuell auf den Patienten abgestimmt werde Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-9430 ER - TY - THES A1 - Belkhodja, Fatma T1 - Targeted therapy to overcome the blood-brain barrier in treating Glioblastoma N2 - Glioblastoma represents a challenge in oncology, characterized by its aggressive nature and resistance to conventional therapies. This thesis conducts a comprehensive examination of Glioblastoma, with a primary focus on advancing therapeutic strategies through precision medicine and sophisticated drug delivery mechanisms. The inquiry starts with an exhaustive analysis of the intricate blood-brain barrier, a vital neurovascular interface critical for understanding drug delivery complexities to the central nervous system. Subsequently, the study delves into Glioblastoma, elucidating its etiological foundations, molecular intricacies, clinical presentations, and existing treatment paradigms. The core of this research centers on the exploration of state-of-the-art targeted therapies, encompassing molecular-level targeting, immunotherapeutic modalities, and synergistic therapeutic approaches. It dissects a range of strategies aimed at enhancing drug delivery, including chemical disruption techniques, innovative delivery methodologies, and bioengineered approaches. Furthermore, it underscores the transformative potential of nanotechnology, emphasizing nanocarriers as precision tools poised to revolutionize GBM therapy. The literature review is conducted meticulously, drawing from renowned databases like PubMed, NCBI, NIH/National Cancer Institute, JSTOR, and BioMed Central. Additionally, reputable national and international health institute websites, along with carefully selected books from the campus library, contribute to the diverse and robust foundation of credible information. The discussion segment dissects the challenges inherent in GBM targeted treatment, underscores the burgeoning domain of precision medicine, highlights the paradigm-shifting role of theranostics, and outlines a roadmap for future prospects in this intricate landscape. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-18504 ER - TY - THES A1 - Heilemann, Nico T1 - Chrono-Nutrition: Zusammenhang der Nahrungsaufnahme und Schlafqualität bei gesunden Erwachsenen N2 - Hintergrund: Die Inzidenz von Schlafstörungen ist in Deutschland in den letzten Jahren stark gestiegen. Entgegen aktuellen Ernährungsempfehlungen sind vom Effizienzgedanken getrieben unnatürliche Ernährungsmuster entstanden. Das Frühstück wird übersprungen, schnelle Mahlzeiten über den Tag verteilt und große Mahlzeiten am Abend verzehrt. Eine Anpassung der Lebens- und Essgewohnheiten an den zirkadianen Rhythmus des Sonnenlichts kann in der Theorie zu einer Verbesserung der Schlafqualität führen. Lösungsansätze der Chrono-Nutrition wie das frühzeitliche intermittierende Fasten (eTRE), haben bereits nachweislich positive Vorteile für die metabolischen Gesundheit gezeigt. Ein eindeutig positiver Einfluss auf den Schlaf ist jedoch noch umstritten und der Zusammenhang zur Tageszeit wurde ebenfalls unzureichend untersucht. Methodik: Es wurde eine einwöchige Online-Befragung unter gesunden Erwachsenen bis 59 Jahren, ohne Schichtarbeit durchgeführt. Die Fragen bezogen sich auf die Tages- und Ernährungsgewohnheiten sowie der subjektiven Schlafqualität bzw. -dauer. Ergebnisse: 225 TN haben erfolgreich an der Befragung teilgenommen und wurden ausgewertet. Es wurden ein signifikant positiver Einfluss der Regelmäßigkeit der Nahrungsaufnahme und ein signifikant negativer Einfluss der Nahrungsaufnahme innerhalb der letzten Stunde vor der Schlafenszeit auf die Schlafqualität festgestellt. Zusammenfassung: Zusammenfassend kann gesagt werden, dass die Regelmäßigkeit der Nahrungsaufnahme und die letzte Mahlzeit einen größeren Effekt auf die Schlafqualität aufweisen als die erste Mahlzeit des Tages. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-18747 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hammoudeh, Basil Mazen T1 - The use of biocatalysis in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) N2 - Colorectal cancer is a significant global health burden. Early-stage colorectal cancer is asymptomatic, which, coupled with the fact that later stages of CRC have a very low prognosis, and that current methods of diagnosis and treatment significantly impact the patient, exploring alternate ways to diagnose and treat CRC is vital. Biocatalysis is the use of naturally found catalysts such as nanozymes and enzymes in order to catalyze reactions. Due to their characteristics and uses, biocatalysts are seen as promising alternatives to current methods of CRC diagnosis and therapy. This research-based bachelor thesis aims to summarize and analyze current traditional and biocatalytic methods that exist to diagnose and treat CRC, in order to seek the potential of biocatalysis in this field, as well as discuss its current state and its future in comparison to currently implemented methods. It provides an extensive overview of traditional and biocatalytic approaches to diagnosis and therapy, considering important factors such as efficacy, sensitivity, selectivity, cost, and safety. The thesis also delves into the use of biocatalysis for important points such as the early diagnosis of CRC, and the challenges faced during development, regulation, and monetary concerns. Through careful analysis of the strengths and limitations of techniques in the field, as well as personal opinions on the future of research, conclusions on given hypotheses regarding biocatalysis in CRC diagnosis and therapies were presented and included strong support for the unquestionable potential of biocatalysis use in cancer healthcare, while highlighting possibilities to tap into that potential by scrutinizing their equally as unquestionable current limitations. Overall, this thesis aspires to contribute, on however minuscule a scale, towards the advancement of CRC diagnosis and therapy approaches, with the ambition of improving patient care and prognosis, as well as quality of life for those struggling or who will struggle in the future with the disease, together with their kin who are profoundly affected as well. KW - Colorectal cancer KW - Cancer KW - Biocatalysis KW - Enzymes KW - Diagnosis KW - Therapy Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-18147 ER - TY - THES A1 - Pastoors, Ann-Kathrin T1 - Der Effekt kurzkettiger Fettsäuren auf die Darmmikrobiota im Zusammenhang mit Adipositas N2 - Der demographische Wandel führt zu einer stetig höheren Lebenserwartung der Menschen. Ein erhöhtes Alter birgt das Risiko an einer Vielzahl von Krankheiten zu leiden. Darunter fallen insbesondere Herz Kreislauf¬ Erkrankung und Krebserkrankung. Solche Erkrankung fallen ebenfalls unter die Folge und Begleiterkrankung einer Adipositas. Die Adipositas ist eine Stoffwechselerkrankung und beschreibt ein erhöhtes Körpergewicht aufgrund eines erhöhten Körperfettanteils. Die Erkrankung kann beispielsweise durch eine Ernährungsumstellung gelindert werden. Die Ernährung kann unter anderem auch die Darmmikrobiota modulieren. Insbesondere Ballaststoffe und die Fermentationsprodukte der Ballaststoffe, die kurzkettigen Fettsäuren, haben einen Einfluss auf die Darmmikrobiota. Aufgrund dessen werden in dieser Arbeit die Effekte der kurzkettigen Fettsäuren auf die Darmmikrobiota insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit der Erkrankung Adipositas untersucht. Die Ursachen einer Adipositas liegen meist in den Lebensweisen der Patienten. Eine erhöhte Energieaufnahme und geringe Bewegung führen zu einem Anstieg des Körperfettanteils und erhöhen zudem das Risiko für Begleiterkrankung, wie Diabetes mellitus Typ 2, koronaren Herzkrankheiten oder auch Depressionen. Insbesondere die konservativen Behandlungsmöglichkeiten zeigen wenig positive Ergebnisse und die Entwicklung neuer Methoden muss Priorität haben. Die Fermentationsprodukte der Ballaststoffe sind die kurzkettigen Fettsäuren. Diese haben sowohl orexigene als auch anorexigene Eigenschaften. Bei der Ausarbeitung der Ergebnisse wurde deutlich, dass die kurzkettigen Fettsäuren bei der Behandlung der Adipositas von großer Bedeutung sein können. Sie beeinflussen wichtige Rezeptoren, die die appetithemmende Hormone PYY und GLP 1 freisetzen und eine überschüssige Nahrungsaufnahme verhindern. Des Weiteren wirken sich die kurzkettigen Fettsäuren positiv auf die Gluconeogenese aus. Zudem konnten verschiedene Studien über Supplementierungen positive Effekte der kurzkettigen Fettsäuren verzeichnen. Dennoch ergaben sich bei der Bearbeitung der Literatur ebenfalls widersprüchliche Ergebnisse. Um die genauen Effekte der kurzkettigen Fettsäuren lückenfrei zu erschließen sind weitere Forschungen und Experimente zwingend notwendig. Die ersten Untersuchungen zeigen aber, dass eine ballaststoffreiche Ernährung und eine erhöhte Konzentration der kurzkettigen Fettsäuren bei der Behandlung und Prävention eine entscheidende Rolle annehmen. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-19117 ER - TY - THES A1 - Dos Santos, Leonardo Henrique T1 - The effects of cannabinoids CBD and WIN 55 212-2 against oxidative stress in BR1 Astrocytes from a proteomic viewpoint N2 - Oxidative stress is a common hallmark observed in neurodegenerative diseases, acting either as a triggering factor or as a consequence of the neurodegenerative process. Astrocytes play a crucial role in mediating oxidative stress caused by physiological processes, such as the byproducts of mitochondrial function during cellular respiration. Given the critical role of oxidative stress in the progression of many neurodegenerative diseases, identifying molecules capable of modulating this response and mitigating oxidative damage is of considerable interest. Cannabinoids such as cannabidiol (CBD) and WIN 55.212-2, known for their capability of influencing the endocannabinoid system through their interaction with cannabinoid receptors (namely, CB1R and CB2R), and therefore the Central Nervous System, are promising candidates for such modulation. This work aimed to explore, through proteomics, the potential effect that the mentioned cannabinoids might have against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in astrocytes, possibly mitigating some of the oxidative damage. KW - Cannabis KW - WIN 55.212-2 KW - CBD KW - Astrocytes KW - Proteomics KW - Neurodegeneration KW - Neurodegenerative Diseases KW - OmicScope KW - Oxidative Stress KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BR1 Astrocytes Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-21665 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ratnayake, Hasiru T1 - A Systematic Review of Rapamycin- Mediated Fetal Hemoglobin Induction via the mTOR Pathway N2 - mTOR inhibitor rapamycin has been observed to induce fetal hemoglobin in patients of β-hemoglobinopathies, a group of disorders in which mutations in the gene responsible β-globin chains results in reduced or malformed RBC production, leading to anemia. The induction of fetal hemoglobin bypasses these mutations, as they are found on the gene responsible for adult hemoglobin. Following birth, the fetal hemoglobin gene is silenced, and the adult gene is activated through a process known as the hemoglobin switch. Rapamycin treatment reverses this hemoglobin switch but the mechanism by which it does so is currently unknown. Rapamycin functions through its inhibition of mTORC1, a protein complex responsible for nutrient- and growth factor-dependent cell growth and proliferation. This literature review seeks to collate existing information on the mTORC1 signalling pathway and the hemoglobin switch, allowing for a specific mechanism by which rapamycin induces fetal hemoglobin through its inhibition of mTORC1 to be hypothesized. Following the literature search, 55 studies on the mTORC1 pathway and 31 studies on the hemoglobin switch were summarized. Using the information gained from this, three hypotheses were put forward for the possible induction mechanism, out of which the primary hypothesis is based on the hemoglobin switching factor KLF1. This was based on the observation that the knockdown of Raptor, a crucial component of mTORC1, in mice caused a decreased expression of KLF1. As KLF1 is an essential component of the hemoglobin switch, this provides a direct link between the inhibition of mTORC1 and the reversal of the hemoglobin switch. Additionally, the efficiency of rapamycin in comparison to other methods of fetal hemoglobin was discussed, including newer generations of mTOR inhibitors developed using rapamycin as a foundation. Finally, possible avenues of research to confirm the validity of the proposed hypotheses and to address points of ignorance within each topic were discussed. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-21155 ER - TY - THES A1 - Mumtaz, Muhammad Imran T1 - Generation and expression of a mutated murine tRNA-guanine transglycosylase variant N2 - Translation of messenger RNA carrying the nucleic code for protein synthesis is one of the vital bioprocesses of living organisms. This translation is mediated by transfer RNA, which allocates specific amino acids to the growing chain by decoding the genetic code. The tRNAs with the G34U35N36 anticodon sequence are recognised by an enzyme called tRNA-guanine transglycosylase, which catalyses the exchange of guanine with queuine. TGT enzyme is found in all three domains of life and is involved in post-transcriptional modification. TGT is of keen interest in the development of therapeutics against shigellosis, since the genetic inactivation of TGT leads to decreased pathogenicity in Shigella. For understanding the differences between bacterial and eukaryotic TGT, studies have been performed in the past, which show remarkable resemblance. On the contrary, some pronounced structural contrast can also be observed. One prominent difference is that the bacterial TGT contains a short turn of three amino acids, whereas, in eukaryotes, this turn is replaced by an extended loop of more than 45 amino acids. The function of this loop in eukaryotic TGT is not known. The loop is a highly flexible region and, thus, is not structurally solved. To elucidate the function of this loop, a TGT mutant lacking this loop was generated, expressed and purified. TGT mutant was expressed in different bacterial cell strains. For the purification, different chromatography techniques were utilised. The mutation resulted in a low yield of the protein in comparison to the wild-type TGT. This leads to the inference that the loop influences the physicochemical characteristics of the protein. KW - RNA-guanine transglycosylase KW - Generation KW - Expression KW - Queuine KW - Protein purification KW - Chromatography KW - Site-directed mutagenesis KW - Protein mutation Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-18560 ER - TY - THES A1 - May, Clarissa T1 - Efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medical DrugsThe Treatment of Common Illnesses in Comparison with Western medicine N2 - The efficacy of treating common illnesses with traditional Chinese medical drugs has been a subject of growing interest and debate especially when compared to established practices of modern Western medicine. The integration of alternative and traditional medicine practices also gains significance as healthcare systems evolve. This literature review aims to comprehensively assess and compare the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medical drugs with modern Western medial drugs in addressing common illnesses. Through a systematic analysis of reviewed scientific articles, clinical studies, and relevant literature the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medical drugs will be identified and compared to modern Western medical drugs and treatment options in context of the treatment success rates, symptom relief, adverse effects, and patient satisfaction. The study focuses on the herbal based remedies and their traditional therapeutic treatment methods, to illuminate their mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic benefits for a range of common illnesses such as the common cold and flu, digestive disorders, musculoskeletal pain, and skin conditions. Furthermore, the potential synergies between the two practices will be explored, as integrative healthcare becomes increasingly important as a comprehensive approach to patient wellbeing. Through a comprehensive analysis of the available medical literature and clinical data, this paper attempts to address the potential of traditional Chinese medical drugs as an alternative or complementary method to modern Western medicine for various common illnesses. The findings may contribute to informed decision-making by healthcare professionals and patients, offering insights into the strengths and limitations of each approach. Additionally, the research aims to foster a deeper understanding of cross-cultural medical practices and their potential integration into contemporary healthcare systems. KW - Traditional Chinese medicine Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-19440 ER - TY - THES A1 - Vu, Trong Khang Tommy T1 - Über die antidepressiven Effekte sportlicher Aktivität: Eine Metaanalyse klinischer Studien zu potenziellen Wirkmechanismen N2 - In dieser Bachelorarbeit wurde untersucht, wie körperliche Aktivität als adjuvante oder nicht-pharmakologische Therapie bei Depressionen eingesetzt werden kann. Es wurden sowohl die antidepressiven Effekte als auch potenzielle Wirkmechanismen analysiert. Der theoretische Teil beleuchtet Depressionen, neurobiologische Prozesse sowie gängige Behandlungsansätze. Die Ergebnisse einer systematischen Literaturrecherche zeigen, dass körperliche Aktivität positive Effekte auf depressive Symptome, die maximale Sauerstoffaufnahme (VO2) und die Schlafqualität hat. Insbesondere individuelle Programme sind wirksam. Es wurden die Vor- und Nachteile der Sporttherapie erörtert, sowie Empfehlungen für zukünftige Forschung gegeben. KW - Sport KW - Depression KW - Antidepressiva KW - Effekte KW - Bewegung Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-20348 ER - TY - THES A1 - Teresa, Zöbel T1 - Die Rolle individueller Copingstrategien und Resilienz für die mentale Gesundheit im Kontext der Wahrnehmung der Klimakrise: Eine systematische Untersuchung empirischer Studien N2 - Hintergrund: Der Klimawandel ist ein globales Problem, welches bereits weltweit spürbar ist und sich zukünftig weiter verschärfen wird. Neben den damit einhergehenden physischen Auswirkungen für die Gesundheit, steigt auch die Relevanz mentaler Belastungen. Nicht nur das Erleben von Naturkatastrophen und extremen Wetterereignissen, sondern auch die Wahrnehmungen der Veränderungen wirkt bedrohlich und kann eine mentale Belastung für Menschen darstellen. Ziel der Masterarbeit war es zu untersuchen, welche Rolle individuelle Copingstrategien und Resilienz für die mentale Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden im Kontext der Wahrnehmung der Klimakrise haben. Wesentlich war daher die Identifikation potenzieller Schutz- und Risikofaktoren sowie die Untersuchung von Copingstrategien im Kontext des Klimawandels, um gezielte Empfehlungen zur Stärkung der Resilienz und Verbesserung des psychischen Wohlbefindens abzuleiten. Methoden: Eine systematische Literaturrecherche wurde durchgeführt, um relevante, empirische Studien zu identifizieren. Das methodische Vorgehen orientierte sich an den Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Die Suche erfolgte auf den Datenbanken Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubPsych, PubMed und PsycArticles. Zur Bewertung der methodischen Qualität und Bewertung des Verzerrungspotenzials der eingeschlossenen Studien, wurden die Critical Appraisal Checklisten des Joanna Briggs Instituts (JBI) verwendet. Die Ergebnisse der Studien wurden anhand zweier Evidenztabellen nach Studiendesign und Studienergebnissen synthetisiert und narrativ beschrieben. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt erfüllten 19 von 1.676 geprüften Studien die Einschlusskriterien. Die Studien untersuchten unterschiedliche Copingstrategien und -stile, wie Verhaltensweisen des umweltfreundlichen Handelns sowie problem-, emotions- und bedeutungsorientierte Bewältigungsstrategien. Verschiedene Faktoren wurden berücksichtigt, darunter emotionale Reaktionen, psychologische, soziale und kognitive Aspekte sowie soziodemografische Eigenschaften. Zunächst wurde untersucht, wie Copingstrategien in Verbindung mit den einbezogenen Faktoren stehen. Darauf aufbauend wurde analysiert, wie diese Copingstrategien die mentale Gesundheit beeinflussen und ob die Faktoren im Kontext des Klimawandels als Schutz- oder Risikofaktoren wirken. Beispielsweise zeigten leichte Ausprägungen der Angst vor dem Klimawandel sowohl aktivierende Effekte, in Form von umweltfreundlichen Verhaltensweisen, als auch die Neigung zu mentalen Beeinträchtigungen, bei starker Ausprägung. Sorgen zeigten im Studienvergleich gemischte Auswirkungen, indem sie teilweise problemorientiertes Coping begünstigten, teilweise jedoch auch belastend wirkten. Wut zeigte vorwiegend aktivierende Effekte und weniger Beeinträchtigungen für die mentale Gesundheit. Naturverbundenheit, Geschlecht und Alter standen oftmals mit problemorientiertem Coping in Verbindung, jedoch gleichzeitig mit einer erhöhten Anfälligkeit für mentale Beeinträchtigung. Daneben wurden zwei Studien identifiziert, die unterschiedliche Maßnahmen zur Reduktion der mentalen Belastungen durch den Klimawandel evaluierten und bei relevanten Parametern der mentalen Gesundheit positive Ergebnisse erzielten. Schlussfolgerung: Es besteht verstärkter Forschungsbedarf, um die mentalen Auswirkungen im Kontext der Wahrnehmung des Klimawandels besser zu verstehen und wirksame Maßnahmen zur Förderung der mentalen Gesundheit zu entwickeln. Ein einheitliches Verständnis der untersuchten Konstrukte ist dabei entscheidend, um eine Vergleichbarkeit zwischen den Studien zu gewährleisten und gesicherte Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen. Damit kann die Entwicklung zielgerichteter Maßnahmen und die Förderung von persönlichen Ressourcen sowie adaptives Coping im Zusammenhang mit der Klimakrise unterstützt werden. KW - Klimawandel KW - Klimaangst KW - Coping KW - Resilienz KW - Mentale Gesundheit Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - THES A1 - Alshaikh, Badran-Mohammednoor T1 - Medi: A Software System for Improving the Analysis and Interpretation of Medical Tests in Clinical Laboratories. N2 - The rapid increase in patient numbers and the complexity of clinical information, coupled with a significant lack of assistive technologies for routine procedures, has emphasized the urgent need for innovative technological solutions in clinical laboratories. This need is amplified by the existence of over 238 blood tests, highlighting the challenge of managing and interpreting vast amounts of clinical information and data efficiently. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of Medi, a state-of-the-art software system designed to enhance the workflow of medical routine tasks in the pre-testing steps in clinical laboratories. By focusing on routine hematology, biochemistry, and microbiology tests, the study aims to revolutionize clinical laboratory processes, improve diagnostic accuracy, and enhance patient care. Through an extensive approach regarding specimen collection of blood and the utilization of automated medical devices, this study sheds light on the advantage of Medi to streamline operations within clinical laboratories. The research methodically assesses the impact of Medi on laboratory workflows and patient outcomes, employing a user-centric design to ensure the software meets the practical needs of healthcare professionals. Medi demonstrated significant improvements in laboratory efficiency, with streamlined workflow. Key findings include the standardization of blood specimen collection procedures, limiting blood-tube-selection errors, and a positive impact on laboratory operations. The software facilitated a more cohesive integration of clinical data, contributing to better-informed decision-making and improved patient care. By comparing these outcomes with the current state of clinical diagnostics, Medi's introduction represents a transformative shift in laboratory operations. It not only addresses the pressing need for advanced assistive technologies in the clinical laboratory settings but also sets a new standard in patient care. This research underlines the potential of integrating software solutions with existing laboratory technologies, paving the way for a new era in clinical testing. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-19466 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hirle, Yasmin T1 - Arbeit 4.0: Die Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung auf die Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit in Organisationen N2 - Die heutige Gesellschaft ist eine Erwerbsgesellschaft. Arbeit sichert die soziale und materielle Integration der Bürger (Korte und Weidenfeld 2001). Die Globalisierung und die Digitalisierung des westeuropäischen Arbeitsmarktes führt unter Beschäftigten zu Unsicherheitswahrnehmungen bezüglich des Fortbestandes des Arbeitsplatzes (Sverke et al. 2006). Der digitale Wandel revolutioniert Geschäftsmodelle und Branchen und führt zur Entstehung neuer Produktions- und Logistikketten sowie neuer Produkte und Dienstleistungen. Zudem findet der digitale Wandel weltweit statt, wodurch der globale Wettbewerb und die internationale Arbeitsteilung zunehmen. Im Zuge der Digitalisierung sind in den vergangenen Jahren insbesondere mittlere Tätigkeiten mit hohem Routine Grad zurückgegangen (BMAS 2015). Das zunehmende Substituierbarkeitspotential verschiedener Tätigkeiten führt zu einer signifikanten Verstärkung der Wahrnehmung von Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit unter den Erwerbstätigen. Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit birgt zahlreiche negative Auswirkungen. So hat z.B. eine sich schnell wandelnde, unsichere Arbeitsumgebung nicht nur Auswirkungen auf das Wohlergehen der Mitarbeiter*innen, sondern auf die gesamte Organisation (Ashford et al. 1989). Zu den Folgen von Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit gehören psychische und physische Belastungen und eine erhöhte Kündigungsabsicht der Beschäftigten. Zudem besteht ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit und Arbeitszufriedenheit. In Zeiten der fortschreitenden Digitalisierung stellt die Prävention von Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit und die Reduktion ihrer Folgen eine zentrale Managementaufgabe für Organisationen dar. Mittels einer systematischen Literaturrecherche werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit Indikatoren für die Entstehung der Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit identifiziert. Dazu gehört nicht nur der drohende Verlust des Arbeitsplatzes, sondern auch der drohende Verlust geschätzter Merkmale der ausgeübten Tätigkeit. Nach der Analyse der Ursachen und Auswirkungen von Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit werden Handlungsempfehlungen für Organisationen entwickelt, um der Entstehung von Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit vorzubeugen oder die Folgen von Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit weitestgehend zu reduzieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass besonders in Zeiten der zunehmenden Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt Maßnahmen wie eine frühzeitige und offene Kommunikation über bevorstehende Veränderungsprozesse, soziale Unterstützung, Partizipation der Mitarbeiter*innen und Förderungsangebote für die Belegschaft von zentraler Bedeutung sind, um die Effektivität der Organisation aufrecht zu erhalten. KW - Digitalisierung KW - Arbeit 4.0 KW - Industrie 4.0 KW - Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit KW - Organisation Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-6032 ER - TY - THES A1 - Klose, Marian T1 - Optimierung der Krebstherapie durch Inhibition von MDR1 N2 - MDR1 (Multidrug Resistance Protein 1) stellt ein Membranprotein dar, welches das Ziel hat, den Körper vor Toxinen und Xenobiotika zu schützen. Dieser Schutzmechanismus kann sich allerdings erheblich auf die Chemotherapie auswirken, indem Wirkstoffe aus der Zielzelle heraustransportiert werden. Da der Effekt von MDR1 in einigen Fällen unerwünscht ist, kommt es zum Einsatz von Inhibitoren. Diese lassen sich je nach Toxizität und Herkunft in verschiedene Kategorien einteilen. Diese Arbeit gibt zunächst einen wissenschaftlichen Hintergrund. Zuerst werden Multiwirkstoffresistenzen im allgemeinen beschrieben, bevor MDR1 genauer beleuchtet wird. Danach werden verschiedene Bereiche der Krebserkrankung erläutert, um im Anschluss die unterschiedlichen Klassen der Inhibitoren vorzustellen. Die Diskussion schildert schlussendlich sowohl Chancen als auch Risiken der Inhibition und setzt diese in ein Verhältnis. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass es in der Chemotherapie vermehrt zu Wirkstoffresistenzen kommt. Krebszellen adaptieren und ändern ihre Genexpression, sodass altbewährte Medikamente nicht mehr greifen. Die Inhibition könnte dies umkehren, bringt aber zusätzliche Nebenwirkungen mit sich, sodass sich keine klare Empfehlung zugunsten der Inhibition von MDR1 geben lässt. KW - Krebs KW - MDR1 KW - P-Glykoprotein KW - Optimierung Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-4427 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schiffers, Lukas T1 - Optimization of RT-PCR Assays for the Roche cobas® 6800/8800 Utility Channel: Influence of 2´-O-Methyl modified Primers on PCR efficiency N2 - Automated, high-throughput real-time PCR instruments such as the cobas® 6800/8800 from Roche have revolutionized the operation in molecular diagnostics laboratories as they provide a complete process of patient samples including all necessary steps for PCR applications from material preparation up to the calculation and evaluation of final results with a minimum of user interaction. In addition to the broad spectrum of commercially available ready-to-use reagent kits for blood screenings, virologic and microbiological assays as well as tests designed for women’s health, the cobas® 6800/8800 provides a tool which allows users to develop and implement their own tests onto the high-throughput device. Equipped with this tool, called the cobas® omni Utility Channel, these automated instruments serve a high flexibility and can be adjusted to users’ personal needs. Notwithstanding the advantages of the Utility Channel, a limited number of lab developed tests have been implemented onto the cobas® 6800/8800 so far as no guideline for the optimization and transfer of such tests onto the Utility Channel has been provided to the public yet. In the course of this bachelor thesis, four real-time PCR assays, including an allele-specific duplex test for HLA-B27, an established in-house test for the differentiation and detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum/parvum, a published assay for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis as well as a duplex reverse-transcription assay for the detection and differentiation of norovirus genogroup one and two have been optimized for the use on Utility Channel. Furthermore, 2´-O-Methyl modified primers have been integrated into the optimization process of all assays to asses their influence on PCR efficiency. Three of these four assays have been transferred successfully onto a cobas® 6800 following a developed method which lead to the final design of a flowchart guideline for the optimization of lab developed tests for the use on a cobas® 6800/8800 system. KW - PCR efficiency KW - Modified primers KW - Methylated primers KW - Cobas KW - Molecular biology Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-4632 ER - TY - THES A1 - Khedher, Lara T1 - Evolution of CRISPR-Cas genome editing methods: Chances and challenges in biotechnology N2 - Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, CRISPR, are located on DNA sequences, which encode for an antiviral defense mechanism in bacteria and archaea. Together with CRISPR-associated proteins, Cas endonucleases, CRISPR-Cas has emerged into a powerful platform for editing DNA and RNA. This thesis investigates the evolution and function of this prokaryotic defense mechanism and points out the three most applied CRISPR-Cas systems in relation to current applications in biotechnology. Furthermore, chances and challenges of named systems as well as a guideline for choosing the appropriate system with Cas endonucleases is framed. Therefore, several scientific databases were screened for the most informative and influential publications around the topic. Information was collected and organized in a reference management software. The utilized literature was tabularly denoted and gives an overview of the broad scope of CRISPR-Cas. The analysis of the topic shows, that CRISPR-Cas offers a broad application range with a huge chance for genome editing. A conclusion of this thesis is, that CRISPR-Cas has an enormous potential to be implemented for human genome editing. However, its challenges should be cleared beforehand. Further research has to be done to fully understand the impact CRISPR-Cas may have in future. KW - Genome editing KW - Genetics KW - CRISPR KW - Cas Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ranganathan, Shraddha T1 - Evaluation of two methods to reduce legume-related flatulence through enzymatic digestion of flatulence factors N2 - Legumes are nutritionally equivalent to many meat products, and can be used to supplement or replace meat in daily diets. This is beneficial for a variety of reasons, such as: i) growing legumes can help to reduce acidification of soil, global warming potential and energy use; ii) livestock is taxing on the environment in terms of adding to the volume of greenhouse gases and nitrification of soil while legume crops fix soil nitrogen. Consumers can be opposed to adding legumes to their diet due to the perception of legumes causing flatulence. Intestinal gas buildup, bloating, cramps, abdominal pain and flatulence are caused by raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) which cannot be digested in monogastric organisms such as humans. They are therefore broken down by microflora in the intestine; this bacterial digestion releases large volumes of hydrogen, which causes flatulence. The human body lacks the enzyme required to break down these RFOs — ⍺-galactosidase. This experiment evaluated two methods of applying ⍺-galactosidase to RFOs before they reach the intestinal microflora. The first method evaluates the effectiveness of enzymatically digesting the legumes before consumption. The second evaluates the effectiveness of the enzyme supplement Beano, which applies the enzyme to RFOs in the stomach. Experimental data showed that enzymatically digesting raw flours does significantly reduce the amount of RFOs in the legume. Similarly, Beano also reduces RFOs significantly. In 4 out of the 6 legumes sampled, there was no significant difference between the two methods. In order to consider the methods for commercial use, other factors (such as economic, logistical, etc.) must also be considered. At the outset, it appears that taking an enzyme supplement such as Beano might be more economically viable in the long term for the consumer, since processing costs for the flatulence free legumes would drive up the price of (normally cheap) legumes. There is an increase in the amount of people who are giving up meat for environmental and other reasons. For these consumers, as well as those who come from cultures that integrate legumes in their cuisine, the removal of flatulence factors from this nutrition-rich food group will be very beneficial. KW - Alpha-galactosidase KW - Bloating KW - Enzymatic assay Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-4903 ER - TY - THES A1 - Karssli, Mahmoud T1 - CRISPR technology in human medicine: advantages and disadvantages over traditional treatments N2 - Genome editing tools hold tremendous potential in fighting various diseases via editing specific sites within the target gene of interest of distinct cell types. Among these tools, CRISPR has shown several advantages over alternative nucleases, such as ease of design, high efficiency, and low cost. In this work, a comprehensive review of the existing research on the application of CRISPR technology to the treatment of human diseases is presented. These diseases include monogenic and infectious diseases, as well as conditions for which immunotherapies are typically applied, such as cancer and autoimmune disorders. Following this review is an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of CRISPR-based strategies compared to traditional treatments in a selection of diseases; this aims to demonstrate the overall potential of CRISPR therapeutic applications in humans and the need for further investigation and development. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-16080 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kanwal, Hafsa T1 - Detection of the Fish Pathogen Vagococcus salmoninarum via Quantitative real-time PCR for Aquaculture N2 - PHOTO-SENS is a project that aims to develop photonic biosensing chips as a means of allowing onset detection of pathogenic infections in aquaculture. These chips are meant to be a way for quick and simple routine testing that would enable aquaculture facilities to recognize potential outbreaks and minimize their effects. The chips detect target bacteria using short DNA sequences known as probes which are complementary to target DNA. One of the fish pathogens under consideration for the course of this project is Vagococcus salmoninarum, that is a causative agent of Vagococcosis. For this work, a primer and probe set specific to V. salmoninarum was designed. These primers and probes were then tested via qPCR for their selectivity and sensitivity and most importantly, quantification of DNA in samples using two different standard dilution series. Due to V. salmoninarum being a Gram-positive bacteria, three methods of DNA extraction were used and compared for maximum efficiency. Moreover, experiments were also conducted to mimic capture of eDNA (environmental DNA) from highly diluted water samples. Upon comparing the three DNA extraction methods, the improved 5% Chelex protocol that included rapid agitation via glass beads, yielded the highest amount of DNA that was closest to expected SQ. The detection of all samples, including very low copy number, was possible via qPCR. The first standard series which was the gBlocks standard series had the lowest detection limit of 1 copy with an efficiency of 105.8% and the second standard series that is the CFU standard series had a detection limit of 10 copies and had an efficiency of 104.2%. The filtration experiment also showed detection in diluted, filtered samples. Since detection using the designed probe was successful, the probes are therefore considered suitable for detection of Vagococcus salmoninarum in the PHOTO-SENS project. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-16222 ER - TY - THES A1 - Lavasanifar, Parsa T1 - Comparative analysis of guide RNA design tools N2 - Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR), has rapidly come to the forefront of genome engineering and has revolutionized the field. Today, CRISPR-Cas is regarded to be the most effective and efficient tool in genome editing. It is considered to have many applications in medicine, agriculture and biotechnology. The Cas protein and gRNA are two of the most crucial components of the CRISPR-Cas system. Currently, there are barriers that prevent the full potential of CRISPR-Cas systems in clinical applications, including, ethical concerns, off-target effects, immune system response, method of delivery. Off-target prevention relies heavily on gRNA analysis. With the help of technology and algorithms developed based on researches, there have been many bioinformatical tools focused on the off-target activity inhibition and increasing efficiency. In order to achieve practical use of CRISPR systems, there needs to be more predictive bioinformatical tools to minimize the off-target activity. This thesis aims to review some of these tools and discusses the criteria for future bioinformatical tools’ development by addressing the current limitations and challenges. This thesis is written theoretically by using various reputable resources such as PubMed in English. Because many of the tools covered in this thesis had no prior reviews, the author had to learn how to use them, therefore this thesis does not cover all of their features for professional users. In the result section, the author has provided figures from the interface of the tools along with description of the functionality of the algorithms in use. All of the mentioned tools are then examined in the discussion part. There, features such as speed, ease of use for beginners, price, being open-source, being web or local based, flexibility in working with other tools and batch analysis are reviewed and compared. There short conclusive results are also depicted in a table for effective comparison. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-15307 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wu, Ziang T1 - Significance of gut microbiota in prognosis of cancer therapy-induced rectal mucositis and treatment outcome N2 - Colorectal cancer is a common type of cancer. Chemotherapy is an important method to treat cancer. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a commonly used drug in chemotherapy regimens. 5-FU not only inhibited cancer cell division but also accelerated the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells. lead to colorectal mucositis. Some patients will develop severe mucositis, making subsequent treatment difficult and even life-threatening. The role of gut microbiota in the process of 5-FU-induced colorectal mucositis, and the regulation of gut microbiota through dietary regimens to reduce the possibility of colorectal mucositis deterioration are the research directions of this thesis. This thesis uses PubMed, NCBI and textbooks as the main reference sources, and some information comes from trusted websites. Through review and integration of research, it was concluded that gut microbiota played a non-negligible role in 5-FU-induced colorectal mucositis. Probiotics help maintain the stability of the intestinal mucosal barrier. The main cause of colorectal mucositis is that 5-FU suppresses the immune system and disrupts the immune system. Under the influence of 5-FU, intestinal flora dysbiosis occurs, and the intestinal mucosal barrier function is negatively affected. This leads to the worsening of colorectal mucositis. It can be inferred from research that a reasonable dietary regimen can reduce the possibility of exacerbation of colorectal mucositis. Furthermore, the digestive tract should be viewed as a whole. The role of the stomach and small intestine in the process of 5-FU-induced colorectal mucositis still needs further study. The research of gut microbes in this thesis focuses on Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Pathogenic/opportunistic pathogens and other probiotics are understudied. More in-depth studies are still needed on the role of gut microbes in the process of 5-FU-induced colorectal mucositis KW - Colorectal mucositis KW - Micobiota Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-15323 ER -