TY - THES A1 - Alshaikh, Badran-Mohammednoor T1 - Medi: A Software System for Improving the Analysis and Interpretation of Medical Tests in Clinical Laboratories. N2 - The rapid increase in patient numbers and the complexity of clinical information, coupled with a significant lack of assistive technologies for routine procedures, has emphasized the urgent need for innovative technological solutions in clinical laboratories. This need is amplified by the existence of over 238 blood tests, highlighting the challenge of managing and interpreting vast amounts of clinical information and data efficiently. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of Medi, a state-of-the-art software system designed to enhance the workflow of medical routine tasks in the pre-testing steps in clinical laboratories. By focusing on routine hematology, biochemistry, and microbiology tests, the study aims to revolutionize clinical laboratory processes, improve diagnostic accuracy, and enhance patient care. Through an extensive approach regarding specimen collection of blood and the utilization of automated medical devices, this study sheds light on the advantage of Medi to streamline operations within clinical laboratories. The research methodically assesses the impact of Medi on laboratory workflows and patient outcomes, employing a user-centric design to ensure the software meets the practical needs of healthcare professionals. Medi demonstrated significant improvements in laboratory efficiency, with streamlined workflow. Key findings include the standardization of blood specimen collection procedures, limiting blood-tube-selection errors, and a positive impact on laboratory operations. The software facilitated a more cohesive integration of clinical data, contributing to better-informed decision-making and improved patient care. By comparing these outcomes with the current state of clinical diagnostics, Medi's introduction represents a transformative shift in laboratory operations. It not only addresses the pressing need for advanced assistive technologies in the clinical laboratory settings but also sets a new standard in patient care. This research underlines the potential of integrating software solutions with existing laboratory technologies, paving the way for a new era in clinical testing. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-19466 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hirle, Yasmin T1 - Arbeit 4.0: Die Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung auf die Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit in Organisationen N2 - Die heutige Gesellschaft ist eine Erwerbsgesellschaft. Arbeit sichert die soziale und materielle Integration der Bürger (Korte und Weidenfeld 2001). Die Globalisierung und die Digitalisierung des westeuropäischen Arbeitsmarktes führt unter Beschäftigten zu Unsicherheitswahrnehmungen bezüglich des Fortbestandes des Arbeitsplatzes (Sverke et al. 2006). Der digitale Wandel revolutioniert Geschäftsmodelle und Branchen und führt zur Entstehung neuer Produktions- und Logistikketten sowie neuer Produkte und Dienstleistungen. Zudem findet der digitale Wandel weltweit statt, wodurch der globale Wettbewerb und die internationale Arbeitsteilung zunehmen. Im Zuge der Digitalisierung sind in den vergangenen Jahren insbesondere mittlere Tätigkeiten mit hohem Routine Grad zurückgegangen (BMAS 2015). Das zunehmende Substituierbarkeitspotential verschiedener Tätigkeiten führt zu einer signifikanten Verstärkung der Wahrnehmung von Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit unter den Erwerbstätigen. Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit birgt zahlreiche negative Auswirkungen. So hat z.B. eine sich schnell wandelnde, unsichere Arbeitsumgebung nicht nur Auswirkungen auf das Wohlergehen der Mitarbeiter*innen, sondern auf die gesamte Organisation (Ashford et al. 1989). Zu den Folgen von Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit gehören psychische und physische Belastungen und eine erhöhte Kündigungsabsicht der Beschäftigten. Zudem besteht ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit und Arbeitszufriedenheit. In Zeiten der fortschreitenden Digitalisierung stellt die Prävention von Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit und die Reduktion ihrer Folgen eine zentrale Managementaufgabe für Organisationen dar. Mittels einer systematischen Literaturrecherche werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit Indikatoren für die Entstehung der Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit identifiziert. Dazu gehört nicht nur der drohende Verlust des Arbeitsplatzes, sondern auch der drohende Verlust geschätzter Merkmale der ausgeübten Tätigkeit. Nach der Analyse der Ursachen und Auswirkungen von Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit werden Handlungsempfehlungen für Organisationen entwickelt, um der Entstehung von Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit vorzubeugen oder die Folgen von Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit weitestgehend zu reduzieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass besonders in Zeiten der zunehmenden Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt Maßnahmen wie eine frühzeitige und offene Kommunikation über bevorstehende Veränderungsprozesse, soziale Unterstützung, Partizipation der Mitarbeiter*innen und Förderungsangebote für die Belegschaft von zentraler Bedeutung sind, um die Effektivität der Organisation aufrecht zu erhalten. KW - Digitalisierung KW - Arbeit 4.0 KW - Industrie 4.0 KW - Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit KW - Organisation Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-6032 ER - TY - THES A1 - Klose, Marian T1 - Optimierung der Krebstherapie durch Inhibition von MDR1 N2 - MDR1 (Multidrug Resistance Protein 1) stellt ein Membranprotein dar, welches das Ziel hat, den Körper vor Toxinen und Xenobiotika zu schützen. Dieser Schutzmechanismus kann sich allerdings erheblich auf die Chemotherapie auswirken, indem Wirkstoffe aus der Zielzelle heraustransportiert werden. Da der Effekt von MDR1 in einigen Fällen unerwünscht ist, kommt es zum Einsatz von Inhibitoren. Diese lassen sich je nach Toxizität und Herkunft in verschiedene Kategorien einteilen. Diese Arbeit gibt zunächst einen wissenschaftlichen Hintergrund. Zuerst werden Multiwirkstoffresistenzen im allgemeinen beschrieben, bevor MDR1 genauer beleuchtet wird. Danach werden verschiedene Bereiche der Krebserkrankung erläutert, um im Anschluss die unterschiedlichen Klassen der Inhibitoren vorzustellen. Die Diskussion schildert schlussendlich sowohl Chancen als auch Risiken der Inhibition und setzt diese in ein Verhältnis. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass es in der Chemotherapie vermehrt zu Wirkstoffresistenzen kommt. Krebszellen adaptieren und ändern ihre Genexpression, sodass altbewährte Medikamente nicht mehr greifen. Die Inhibition könnte dies umkehren, bringt aber zusätzliche Nebenwirkungen mit sich, sodass sich keine klare Empfehlung zugunsten der Inhibition von MDR1 geben lässt. KW - Krebs KW - MDR1 KW - P-Glykoprotein KW - Optimierung Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-4427 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schiffers, Lukas T1 - Optimization of RT-PCR Assays for the Roche cobas® 6800/8800 Utility Channel: Influence of 2´-O-Methyl modified Primers on PCR efficiency N2 - Automated, high-throughput real-time PCR instruments such as the cobas® 6800/8800 from Roche have revolutionized the operation in molecular diagnostics laboratories as they provide a complete process of patient samples including all necessary steps for PCR applications from material preparation up to the calculation and evaluation of final results with a minimum of user interaction. In addition to the broad spectrum of commercially available ready-to-use reagent kits for blood screenings, virologic and microbiological assays as well as tests designed for women’s health, the cobas® 6800/8800 provides a tool which allows users to develop and implement their own tests onto the high-throughput device. Equipped with this tool, called the cobas® omni Utility Channel, these automated instruments serve a high flexibility and can be adjusted to users’ personal needs. Notwithstanding the advantages of the Utility Channel, a limited number of lab developed tests have been implemented onto the cobas® 6800/8800 so far as no guideline for the optimization and transfer of such tests onto the Utility Channel has been provided to the public yet. In the course of this bachelor thesis, four real-time PCR assays, including an allele-specific duplex test for HLA-B27, an established in-house test for the differentiation and detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum/parvum, a published assay for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis as well as a duplex reverse-transcription assay for the detection and differentiation of norovirus genogroup one and two have been optimized for the use on Utility Channel. Furthermore, 2´-O-Methyl modified primers have been integrated into the optimization process of all assays to asses their influence on PCR efficiency. Three of these four assays have been transferred successfully onto a cobas® 6800 following a developed method which lead to the final design of a flowchart guideline for the optimization of lab developed tests for the use on a cobas® 6800/8800 system. KW - PCR efficiency KW - Modified primers KW - Methylated primers KW - Cobas KW - Molecular biology Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-4632 ER - TY - THES A1 - Khedher, Lara T1 - Evolution of CRISPR-Cas genome editing methods: Chances and challenges in biotechnology N2 - Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, CRISPR, are located on DNA sequences, which encode for an antiviral defense mechanism in bacteria and archaea. Together with CRISPR-associated proteins, Cas endonucleases, CRISPR-Cas has emerged into a powerful platform for editing DNA and RNA. This thesis investigates the evolution and function of this prokaryotic defense mechanism and points out the three most applied CRISPR-Cas systems in relation to current applications in biotechnology. Furthermore, chances and challenges of named systems as well as a guideline for choosing the appropriate system with Cas endonucleases is framed. Therefore, several scientific databases were screened for the most informative and influential publications around the topic. Information was collected and organized in a reference management software. The utilized literature was tabularly denoted and gives an overview of the broad scope of CRISPR-Cas. The analysis of the topic shows, that CRISPR-Cas offers a broad application range with a huge chance for genome editing. A conclusion of this thesis is, that CRISPR-Cas has an enormous potential to be implemented for human genome editing. However, its challenges should be cleared beforehand. Further research has to be done to fully understand the impact CRISPR-Cas may have in future. KW - Genome editing KW - Genetics KW - CRISPR KW - Cas Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ranganathan, Shraddha T1 - Evaluation of two methods to reduce legume-related flatulence through enzymatic digestion of flatulence factors N2 - Legumes are nutritionally equivalent to many meat products, and can be used to supplement or replace meat in daily diets. This is beneficial for a variety of reasons, such as: i) growing legumes can help to reduce acidification of soil, global warming potential and energy use; ii) livestock is taxing on the environment in terms of adding to the volume of greenhouse gases and nitrification of soil while legume crops fix soil nitrogen. Consumers can be opposed to adding legumes to their diet due to the perception of legumes causing flatulence. Intestinal gas buildup, bloating, cramps, abdominal pain and flatulence are caused by raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) which cannot be digested in monogastric organisms such as humans. They are therefore broken down by microflora in the intestine; this bacterial digestion releases large volumes of hydrogen, which causes flatulence. The human body lacks the enzyme required to break down these RFOs — ⍺-galactosidase. This experiment evaluated two methods of applying ⍺-galactosidase to RFOs before they reach the intestinal microflora. The first method evaluates the effectiveness of enzymatically digesting the legumes before consumption. The second evaluates the effectiveness of the enzyme supplement Beano, which applies the enzyme to RFOs in the stomach. Experimental data showed that enzymatically digesting raw flours does significantly reduce the amount of RFOs in the legume. Similarly, Beano also reduces RFOs significantly. In 4 out of the 6 legumes sampled, there was no significant difference between the two methods. In order to consider the methods for commercial use, other factors (such as economic, logistical, etc.) must also be considered. At the outset, it appears that taking an enzyme supplement such as Beano might be more economically viable in the long term for the consumer, since processing costs for the flatulence free legumes would drive up the price of (normally cheap) legumes. There is an increase in the amount of people who are giving up meat for environmental and other reasons. For these consumers, as well as those who come from cultures that integrate legumes in their cuisine, the removal of flatulence factors from this nutrition-rich food group will be very beneficial. KW - Alpha-galactosidase KW - Bloating KW - Enzymatic assay Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-4903 ER - TY - THES A1 - Karssli, Mahmoud T1 - CRISPR technology in human medicine: advantages and disadvantages over traditional treatments N2 - Genome editing tools hold tremendous potential in fighting various diseases via editing specific sites within the target gene of interest of distinct cell types. Among these tools, CRISPR has shown several advantages over alternative nucleases, such as ease of design, high efficiency, and low cost. In this work, a comprehensive review of the existing research on the application of CRISPR technology to the treatment of human diseases is presented. These diseases include monogenic and infectious diseases, as well as conditions for which immunotherapies are typically applied, such as cancer and autoimmune disorders. Following this review is an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of CRISPR-based strategies compared to traditional treatments in a selection of diseases; this aims to demonstrate the overall potential of CRISPR therapeutic applications in humans and the need for further investigation and development. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-16080 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kanwal, Hafsa T1 - Detection of the Fish Pathogen Vagococcus salmoninarum via Quantitative real-time PCR for Aquaculture N2 - PHOTO-SENS is a project that aims to develop photonic biosensing chips as a means of allowing onset detection of pathogenic infections in aquaculture. These chips are meant to be a way for quick and simple routine testing that would enable aquaculture facilities to recognize potential outbreaks and minimize their effects. The chips detect target bacteria using short DNA sequences known as probes which are complementary to target DNA. One of the fish pathogens under consideration for the course of this project is Vagococcus salmoninarum, that is a causative agent of Vagococcosis. For this work, a primer and probe set specific to V. salmoninarum was designed. These primers and probes were then tested via qPCR for their selectivity and sensitivity and most importantly, quantification of DNA in samples using two different standard dilution series. Due to V. salmoninarum being a Gram-positive bacteria, three methods of DNA extraction were used and compared for maximum efficiency. Moreover, experiments were also conducted to mimic capture of eDNA (environmental DNA) from highly diluted water samples. Upon comparing the three DNA extraction methods, the improved 5% Chelex protocol that included rapid agitation via glass beads, yielded the highest amount of DNA that was closest to expected SQ. The detection of all samples, including very low copy number, was possible via qPCR. The first standard series which was the gBlocks standard series had the lowest detection limit of 1 copy with an efficiency of 105.8% and the second standard series that is the CFU standard series had a detection limit of 10 copies and had an efficiency of 104.2%. The filtration experiment also showed detection in diluted, filtered samples. Since detection using the designed probe was successful, the probes are therefore considered suitable for detection of Vagococcus salmoninarum in the PHOTO-SENS project. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-16222 ER - TY - THES A1 - Lavasanifar, Parsa T1 - Comparative analysis of guide RNA design tools N2 - Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR), has rapidly come to the forefront of genome engineering and has revolutionized the field. Today, CRISPR-Cas is regarded to be the most effective and efficient tool in genome editing. It is considered to have many applications in medicine, agriculture and biotechnology. The Cas protein and gRNA are two of the most crucial components of the CRISPR-Cas system. Currently, there are barriers that prevent the full potential of CRISPR-Cas systems in clinical applications, including, ethical concerns, off-target effects, immune system response, method of delivery. Off-target prevention relies heavily on gRNA analysis. With the help of technology and algorithms developed based on researches, there have been many bioinformatical tools focused on the off-target activity inhibition and increasing efficiency. In order to achieve practical use of CRISPR systems, there needs to be more predictive bioinformatical tools to minimize the off-target activity. This thesis aims to review some of these tools and discusses the criteria for future bioinformatical tools’ development by addressing the current limitations and challenges. This thesis is written theoretically by using various reputable resources such as PubMed in English. Because many of the tools covered in this thesis had no prior reviews, the author had to learn how to use them, therefore this thesis does not cover all of their features for professional users. In the result section, the author has provided figures from the interface of the tools along with description of the functionality of the algorithms in use. All of the mentioned tools are then examined in the discussion part. There, features such as speed, ease of use for beginners, price, being open-source, being web or local based, flexibility in working with other tools and batch analysis are reviewed and compared. There short conclusive results are also depicted in a table for effective comparison. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-15307 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wu, Ziang T1 - Significance of gut microbiota in prognosis of cancer therapy-induced rectal mucositis and treatment outcome N2 - Colorectal cancer is a common type of cancer. Chemotherapy is an important method to treat cancer. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a commonly used drug in chemotherapy regimens. 5-FU not only inhibited cancer cell division but also accelerated the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells. lead to colorectal mucositis. Some patients will develop severe mucositis, making subsequent treatment difficult and even life-threatening. The role of gut microbiota in the process of 5-FU-induced colorectal mucositis, and the regulation of gut microbiota through dietary regimens to reduce the possibility of colorectal mucositis deterioration are the research directions of this thesis. This thesis uses PubMed, NCBI and textbooks as the main reference sources, and some information comes from trusted websites. Through review and integration of research, it was concluded that gut microbiota played a non-negligible role in 5-FU-induced colorectal mucositis. Probiotics help maintain the stability of the intestinal mucosal barrier. The main cause of colorectal mucositis is that 5-FU suppresses the immune system and disrupts the immune system. Under the influence of 5-FU, intestinal flora dysbiosis occurs, and the intestinal mucosal barrier function is negatively affected. This leads to the worsening of colorectal mucositis. It can be inferred from research that a reasonable dietary regimen can reduce the possibility of exacerbation of colorectal mucositis. Furthermore, the digestive tract should be viewed as a whole. The role of the stomach and small intestine in the process of 5-FU-induced colorectal mucositis still needs further study. The research of gut microbes in this thesis focuses on Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Pathogenic/opportunistic pathogens and other probiotics are understudied. More in-depth studies are still needed on the role of gut microbes in the process of 5-FU-induced colorectal mucositis KW - Colorectal mucositis KW - Micobiota Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-15323 ER -