TY - JOUR T1 - 9/2019 Richtlinien Richtlinien der Hochschule Rhein-Waal zum Schutz vor Diskriminierung und Belästigung vom 12.02.2019 T3 - Amtliche Bekanntmachungen der Hochschule Rhein-Waal - 2019-09 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-9419 VL - 2019 IS - 09 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 8/2019 Evaluationsordnung der Hochschule Rhein-Waal T3 - Amtliche Bekanntmachungen der Hochschule Rhein-Waal - 2019-08 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-9408 VL - 2019 IS - 08 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 7/2019 Prüfungsordnung für den Masterstudiengang Economics and Finance der Fakultät Gesellschaft und Ökonomie an der Hochschule Rhein-Waal T3 - Amtliche Bekanntmachungen der Hochschule Rhein-Waal - 2019-07 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-9393 VL - 2019 IS - 07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 6/2019 Prüfungsordnung für den Bachelorstudiengang Nachhaltiger Tourismus der Fakultät Gesellschaft und Ökonomie an der Hochschule Rhein-Waal T3 - Amtliche Bekanntmachungen der Hochschule Rhein-Waal - 2019-06 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-9385 VL - 2019 IS - 06 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 5/2019 Prüfungsordnung für den Bachelorstudiengang International Relations der Fakultät Gesellschaft und Ökonomie an der Hochschule Rhein-Waal T3 - Amtliche Bekanntmachungen der Hochschule Rhein-Waal - 2019-05 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-9374 VL - 2019 IS - 05 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 4/2019 Prüfungsordnung für den Bachelorstudiengang International Business and Management der Fakultät Gesellschaft und Ökonomie an der Hochschule Rhein-Waal T3 - Amtliche Bekanntmachungen der Hochschule Rhein-Waal - 2019-04 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-9363 VL - 2019 IS - 04 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 3/2019 Zweite Änderungssatzung zur Prüfungsordnung für den Bachelorstudiengang International Business and Social Sciences der Fakultät Gesellschaft und Ökonomie an der Hochschule Rhein-Waal T3 - Amtliche Bekanntmachungen der Hochschule Rhein-Waal - 2019-03 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-9352 VL - 2019 IS - 03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 2/2019 Elfte Änderungssatzung zur Beitragsordnung der Studierendenschaft der Hochschule Rhein-Waal T3 - Amtliche Bekanntmachungen der Hochschule Rhein-Waal - 2019-02 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-9348 VL - 2019 IS - 02 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 1/2019 Zugangsprüfungsordnung für den Studiengang International Business and Management an der Hochschule Rhein-Waal T3 - Amtliche Bekanntmachungen der Hochschule Rhein-Waal - 2019-01 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-9289 VL - 2019 IS - 01 ER - TY - THES A1 - Fearnley, Frederick T1 - Entwicklung und Implementierung eines Qualitätsmanagementsystems für das Unternehmen „GS.net GmbH und Co. KG“ N2 - Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, ein Qualitätsmanagementsystem nach DIN EN ISO 9001:2015 für das Unternehmen „GS.net GmbH und Co. KG“ zu entwickeln und dieses im Anschluss in den Betrieb zu implementieren. Die relevanten Normen wurden als ein Leitfaden für die Umsetzung verwendet. Um das entwickelte Qualitätsmanagementsystem anschaulich darzustellen und es greifbar für die Mitarbeiter/-innen des Unternehmens zu gestalten, wurde es in Form eines QM-Handbuches verfasst. Da bisher fast keine qualitätsrelevante Dokumentation im Betrieb existiert hat, wurde nahezu das gesamte Qualitätsmanagementsystem mit Hilfe des Geschäftsführers von Grund auf konzipiert. Die Implementierung konnte unter Verwendung des erstellten QM-Handbuches teilweise bereits begonnen werden. Die komplette Integration ins Unternehmen liegt jedoch zukünftig in der Hand der obersten Leitung. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wildt, Viktor T1 - Formulation of Π-Π Stacking Stabilized Polymeric Micelles Co-loaded with Chemotherapeutics and Corticosteroids N2 - Cancer is a complex and lethal disease, based on uncontrolled and malignant growths. Conventional therapies like radiation therapy, surgery and chemotherapy are used to treat cancer. However, and despite being one of the most employed ones, many chemotherapeutic drugs show several drawbacks, such as. low solubility, side-effects, and low accumulation within the cancerous tissue. Drug delivery systems like polymeric micelles can be employed to overcome these problems. Additionally, due to the heterogeneity of the tumour microenvironment, the consistency of these nano-therapies varies. Which can be traced back to heterogeneity in the efficiency of the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Therefore, corticosteroids are also used in conjunction with chemotherapeutics to increase the nanoparticle accumulation within the cancerous tissue. mPEG-bp(HPMA-Bz) based Π-Π stacking stabilized polymeric micelles have shown great potential for encapsulating paclitaxel, one of the leading anticancer drugs. Furthermore, preliminary studies show potential for co-loading these micelles with corticosteroids like dexamethasone and paclitaxel. Based on these premises, this work focused on exploring the first steps towards the manufacturing process of the ΠΠ stacking mPEG-b-p(HPMA-Bz) based micelles to set up the basis for future clinical transition. This was done by introducing continuous production via microfluidics and increasing the shelf-life via either cold chain or lyophilization. Results showed that microfluidics can reproduce the physicochemical properties and drug retention capabilities of Π-Π stacking polymeric micelles loaded with paclitaxel. Furthermore, the preliminary evaluation pointed that the characteristics of these polymeric micelles might be able to be tuned by increasing the flow rate of the aqueous and organic phase and the polymer concentration. Besides, the cold chain procedure can be used to preserve the micelles with minor changes to the physicochemical properties of the polymeric micelles, when PEG2k (5 wt%) is added. A framework for further studies on the lyophilization has been established and a mixture of PEG2k and sucrose has been able to reduce the size increase after lyophilization from 10.2-fold to 1.2-fold. Even though it is not optimized, these results set the framework for the manufacturing and storage of Π-Π mPEG-b-p(HPMA-Bz) based polymeric micelles. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ajitkumar Shah, Karan T1 - Development of Decision-making Model for Cost Optimization of Heat Exchanger on the Basis of Spreadsheet Programs N2 - The current advancements in the field of heat exchangers have expanded their range of applications in many industries. The most important factor while investing in the heat exchanger is sizing them for a particular application. The sizing of a shell and tube heat exchanger is always a challenge, often causing customers to invest in either an oversized or undersized heat exchanger. The purpose of this study is to solve the customer’s conundrum of investing in an appropriate size shell and tube heat exchanger. The objectives of this study were (a) to develop and implement a spreadsheet program for optimization of overall heat transfer coefficient of shell and tube heat exchanger, (b) to determine profitability analysis using the Net Present Value (NPV) method, (c) to analyse the price sensitivity using the Monte Carlo simulation. The iteration and optimization are based on Kern’s method. The user defines the process parameters such as the temperature of hot and cold streams, mass flow rates and fluid densities. The user also assumes the tube related properties. The final sizing of the shell side is determined along with Reynolds number and pressure losses on the shell and tube side. The pressure losses are then converted into the operating cost of the heat exchanger to determine NPV. The Monte Carlo simulation calculates 1000 different NPVs for a given scenario, thus facilitating the user’s crucial decision-making process. This study is probably a first instance to combine preliminary sizing of the shell and tube heat exchanger with price sensitivity analysis using the Monte Carlo method. KW - Shell and tube heat exchanger KW - Cost-benefit analysis KW - Kern’s design method Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-9114 ER - TY - THES A1 - Merbecks, Eva T1 - Über den Einfluss eines sechswöchigen Beweglichkeitstrainings mit dem five-Business Gerät bei Mitarbeiter*innen mit sitzender Tätigkeit. N2 - Rückenschmerzen sind in Deutschland ein häufig auftretendes Problem, welches oft Mitarbeiter*innen mit sitzender Tätigkeit betrifft und wirtschaftliche Kosten verursacht (Lippe et al., 2021, S. 3ff). Um der häufig einseitigen Haltung während des Sitzens entgegenzuwirken und Rückenbeschwerden zu verringern, ist das five Business Gerät entwickelt worden (Five-Konzept GmbH & Co. KG, 2021). Durch das Training mit dem Gerät wird die zur Verkürzung neigende Muskulatur entgegen der gewohnten Körperhaltung aufgedehnt. Ziel der Studie ist es, die Wirkung des Trainings mit dem five Business Gerät auf Mitarbeiter*innen mit sitzender Tätigkeit zu analysieren. Dafür wurde folgende Forschungsfrage entwickelt. Verbessern sich die Beweglichkeit, das körperliche Wohlbefinden und die Rückenschmerzen von Berufstätigen mit sitzender Tätigkeit durch ein sechswöchiges Beweglichkeitstraining mit zwei 15-minütigen Trainingseinheiten pro Woche an einem five Business Gerät? Zur Beantwortung der Forschungsfrage wird eine Längsschnittstudie mit einer Interventionsgruppe (n = 12) und einer Kontrollgruppe (n = 15) durchgeführt. Die beiden Gruppen trainieren während des Studienzeitraums in ihrer Freizeit weiterhin wie gewohnt. Die Interventionsgruppe führt zusätzlich ein sechswöchiges Training, mit zwei wöchentlichen Einheiten, an dem five Business Gerät durch. Vor und nach dem Interventionszeitraums wird die Beweglichkeit beider Gruppen mithilfe von fünf Beweglichkeitstests gemessen. Zudem werden die wahrgenommene körperliche Verfassung und die Rückenschmerzen über einen Fragenbogen erfasst. Die Auswertung erfolgt anhand des Mann-Whitney-U-Tests und des Wilcoxon-Tests, durch die die Unterschiede zwischen den Testzeiträumen innerhalb der Gruppen und die Differenz der Gruppen zu beiden Testzeitpunkten statistisch ausgewertet werden. Nach der Intervention ist die Beweglichkeit der Interventionsgruppe in mehreren Bereichen erhöht. Die wahrgenommene körperliche Verfassung verbessert sich in der Beweglichkeit (p = .048), den Schmerzen (p = .007) und den Beschwerden (p = .002) deutlich. Zudem verringert sich die Rückenschmerzhäufigkeit (p = .018) und die durchschnittliche Schmerzintensität (p = .017) der Interventionsteilnehmer*innen. Die Forschungsfrage kann durch die Ergebnisse der Studie bestätigt werden. Für weiterführende Forschungen ist zu empfehlen, die Proband*innenzahl und den Trainingsumfang der Interventionsgruppe zu erhöhen. Die vorliegenden Forschungsergebnisse haben den Nutzen, eine evidenzbasierte Anwendung in der Praxis umzusetzen und dadurch Rückenschmerzen entgegenzuwirken. Bildschirmarbeitsplatz - Sitzen - Beweglichkeit - Wahrgenommene körperliche Verfassung - Rückenschmerzen - five Business - Training - BGM Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 35/2021 Ordnung zur befristeten Änderung der Rahmenprüfungsordnung für die Bachelor- und Masterstudiengänge an der Hochschule Rhein-Waal (Amtl. Bekanntmachung 7/2018) zur Regelung des Studienbetriebs an der Hochschule Rhein-Waal im Wintersemester 2021/22 (Corona-Überleitungsordnung) T3 - Amtliche Bekanntmachungen der Hochschule Rhein-Waal - 2021-35 Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-9075 VL - 2021 IS - 35 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 34/2021 Siebte Änderungssatzung zur Ordnung zur Kompensation der Folgen der Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2-Epidemie für Studium und Lehre an der Hochschule Rhein-Waal T3 - Amtliche Bekanntmachungen der Hochschule Rhein-Waal - 2021-34 Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-9062 VL - 2021 IS - 34 ER - TY - THES A1 - Lumbers, Brock T1 - Mathematical Modelling and Simulation of Catalyst Deactivation for the Continuous Thermo-Catalytic Decomposition of Methane N2 - A clean energy future based on a hydrogen economy has been proposed as a feasible alternative to the current combustion of fossil fuels to reduce CO2 and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, hydrogen’s “clean” reputation is questionable due to its main production method of steam methane reforming (SMR), which produces large quantities of CO2 emissions. To abide by recent international regulations, the production of hydrogen needs an immediate transition to low-emission production methods. A promising solution is the thermo-catalytic decomposition of methane (TCMD), which thermally decomposes methane into hydrogen gas and solid carbon without any direct GHG emissions. The problem with this process is that the catalyst deactivates quickly and therefore must be replaced periodically for sustained hydrogen yields. This results in high catalyst turnover costs, which is the main bottleneck in the successful commercialisation of this process. By developing a simplified model using the most commercially viable parameters and linking the turnover costs with the deactivation of the catalyst, this study aimed to accelerate the adoption of the TCMD process by better enabling companies to analyse the feasibility of their potential low-emission TCMD solutions. The most commercially viable solution featured the use of a fluidised bed reactor (FBR) for continuous operation with an iron-based catalyst due to their low-cost. Catalyst regeneration was found to be ineffective and the best method for mitigating catalyst deactivation was the optimisation of the process conditions. A simplified mathematical model was then constructed to enable this adjustment to maximise the production of hydrogen and minimise the turnover costs. This model was based on the ideal continuous stirred tank reactor but incorporated the fluidising behaviour through several variables including the development of the novel “Fluidisation Factor”. An optimisation ratio was also developed to quantify the simulation results and obtain the optimal conditions. The results showed that the ideal conditions for this process was at the highest temperature before the catalyst starts to sinter (≈950ºC) and at the maximum pressure. The largest catalyst particle size of 150 𝜇m and the maximum amount of catalyst was found to allow for higher fluidisation velocities and to delay the deactivation time respectively. The inlet gas velocity and the catalyst activity limit were found to be highly dependent on the hydrogen production rate and therefore due to the conditions used in this study the optimum inlet gas velocity was 10% of the fluidisation velocity range (and composed of pure methane), whilst the optimum activity limit was at 22% activity. Lastly, a comparison of the heating method found that controlled heating was more suitable than constant heating due to the stable temperatures during deactivation, which prevent catalyst sintering. Comparing the optimised results from this study with the SMR production method found that the estimated catalyst turnover costs were 10¢/kg H2 and 18¢/kg H2 respectively. This demonstrates that the simplified model developed in this work can better enable companies to optimise and assess the feasibility of their proposed TCMD solutions and help transition their hydrogen production processes to cleaner alternatives. KW - Low-Emission hydrogen KW - Thermo-Catalytic Methane Decomposition KW - Methane pyrolysis KW - Catalyst deactivation KW - Modelling and simulation Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - THES A1 - Gole, Rutu T1 - Right to Information in the Republic of India: At the Intersection of Social Inequality N2 - ‘Right to Information in the Republic of India: At the Intersection of Social Inequality’ seeks to explore the interrelationship between the exercise of the right to access state-held public information and social inequality in India. A large body of literature suggests that social inequality impacts the accessibility of democratic rights while the democratization of rights strengthens civil society and anchors the process towards social equity. Drawing on this hypothesis, the methodological framework of documentary research is employed for examining the social realities surrounding India’s Right to Information Act since its inception in 2005. To meet the research objective, numerous public documents that contain quantitative and qualitative data published by the government of India, experts in the field and recognized national and international organizations are referenced. The inferences drawn from this social investigation are analyzed from the lens of a theoretical triangle inclusive of: 1) Social inequality by Solga, Berger and Powell (2009) 2) Intersectionality by Hill Collins and Bilge (2016) 3) Citizenship and social class by Marshall (1950) With an aim to further explore this correlation, the effects of the utilization of the right to information on social inequities in India are examined. Standing at the intersection of social inequality in the Republic of India, the Right to Information Act 2005 exemplifies the interconnection between democratic practices and social disparity. KW - Inequality KW - Right to information KW - Democracy KW - Documentary research KW - Intersectionality Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8937 ER - TY - THES A1 - Tem Beng, Donald T1 - The Root and Tuber Crop Value Chain in Cameroon: An Analysis of its Structure and Performance N2 - The aim of this study was to analyse the structure and performance of the root and tuber crop value chain in Cameroon. The study area included the North-west, Southwest, Littoral, Central and West regions of Cameroon. Data was collected through surveys and interviews with key informants and between the months of March and August 2021. A sample of 457 Value chain actors com-prising 163 farmers, 105 traders, 70 processors and 119 consumers was se-lected through a simple random sampling procedure. Secondary data was col-lected from published studies and from some officials of the Ministry of Agricul-ture. Data analysis was done using Microsoft Excel. Social Network Analysis, Functional institutional Analysis and the French Systematic method were used to analyse the structure of the value chain. Demographic and production char-acteristics were analysed by means of descriptive statistics. Profitability analy-sis was used to determine the profit margins of value chain actors. The results of the study revealed that 47% of farmers were males and 53% were females and that 77.1 % of traders and 65.3% of processors had attained at least sec-ondary level of education. Farm sizes ranged from 0.4 – 3 hectares and 81% them practiced mixed cropping. The shortest marketing (from farmers – con-sumer) was the most used channel. The calculated average yield of cassava was 9.25 t/ha and that for sweet potatoes was 7.65 t/ha. Pre-harvest loss stood at 4.7% and the total post-harvest loss was 17.6% for sweet potatoes and 5.8% for cassava. The gross profit per hectare for cassava farmers was 63,069 FCFA and for sweet potato farmers it was 697,134 FCFA. The monthly gross profits for cassava traders (469,342 FCFA) were greater than that of processors (212,587 FCFA). The overall performance of the value chain was considered low due to poor record keeping, low profit margins, high percentage of post-harvest losses, few number of processed products, and poor chain governance KW - Root and tuber crops KW - Cassava KW - Sweet potatoes KW - Value chain KW - Agricultural value chain KW - Agriculture in Cameroon KW - Cassava-based products in Cameroon Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - THES A1 - Rademacher, Marian Evelin T1 - Entwicklung eines Modells zur Untersuchung des Einflusses von präbiotischen Wirkstoffen und Konservierungsmitteln auf das Hautmikrobiom N2 - Der gezielte Einsatz von präbiotischen Wirkstoffen in kosmetischen Produkten, zur Verbesserung des Hautbildes mittels Beeinflussung des Hautmikrobioms, wird zunehmend verfolgt. Das Gleichgewicht der residenten Bakterien auf der menschlichen Haut ist sowohl für die äußere Erscheinung als auch für die Gesundheit von großer Bedeutung. Mittels Anwendung des präbiotischen Wirkprinzips, bekannt aus dem Lebensmittelbereich bezüglich spezifischer Förderung des Darmmikrobioms zur Verbesserung des Immunsystems, werden pathogene Bakterien im Wachstum gehemmt und positive Bakterien gefördert. Die Übertragung des Wirkprinzips, von sowohl Präbiotika wie auch Postbiotika, vom Lebensmittel- in den Kosmetikbereich findet zunehmend statt. Es besteht die Notwendigkeit die Wirkungsweise der Wirkstoffe zu verstehen und geeignete Untersuchungsmethoden bezüglich der Prüfung der Wirksamkeit anzuwenden. Zielgebend der Forschung der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Entwicklung eines geeigneten in- vitro Modells zur Prüfung der Wirksamkeit einzelner präbiotischer bzw. postbiotischer Wirkstoffe, eingearbeitet in verschiedenen Formulierungsarten. Zusätzlich gilt es herauszufinden inwiefern Konservierungsmittel Einfluss auf das Hautmikrobiom ausüben. Die Herausforderung besteht darin eine Oberfläche, als geeignetes Äquivalent zur menschlichen Haut, zu finden, auf der die Formulierungen aufgetragen und verglichen werden können. Zur Entwicklung eines geeigneten Modells wurde mittels Modifikation und Behandlung von einzelnen Lederwaren die Wirksamkeit von prä- und postbiotischen Wirkstoffen untersucht. Aus dem Leder wurden, aus insgesamt sieben residenten Bakterien, verschiedene bakterielle Träger erstellt. Auf den Trägern wurden drei verschiedene präbiotische Wirkstoffe, in Kombination mit einem Konservierungsmittel, in verschiedenen Einsatzkonzentrationen und Auftragsmengen mit einer Einwirkzeit von 30 min appliziert. Als Vergleich wurden die Wirkstoffe als Rohstoff mittels Screening- Verfahren bezüglich ihrer Wirksamkeit geprüft. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass durch Anwendung des Modells das Wachstum der Bakterien durch die in den Formulierungen enthaltenden Wirkstoffe beeinflusst wird. Durch Variation der Einsatzkonzentrationen, Auftragsmengen und Formulierungsarten können unterschiedliche Einflüsse auf das bakterielle Wachstum beobachtet werden. Eine Hemmung der pathogenen und Förderung der positiven Bakterien wurde ersichtlich. Das Modell ermöglicht die Untersuchung prä- und postbiotischer Wirkstoffe, die in Formulierungen eingearbeitet wurden, bezüglich deren Wirksamkeit auf einer hautähnlichen Oberfläche. Für eine Etablierung des Modells sind weitere Versuchsreihen mit einer höheren Variation von Wirkstoffen und Bakterien notwendig. N2 - The specific use of prebiotic substances in cosmetic products, in order to improve skin appearance through influencing the skin microbiome, is increasingly being pursued. The balance of resident bacteria on human skin is of great importance for the external appearance as well as health. By applying the prebiotic mode of action, prominent in the food sector concerning the specific support of intestinal microbiomes to improve the immune system, pathogenic bacteria are inhibited in growth and positive bacteria are supported. This transfer, of prebiotics and postbiotics, from the food sector to the cosmetics sector is increasingly happening. It is key to understand the mode of action of substances and to apply appropriate research methods regarding the testing of efficacy. The objective of the research is the development of a suitable in vitro model in order to test the efficacy of individual prebiotic and postbiotic substances incorporated in different types of formulas. In addition, it is important to clarify the influence of preservatives on the skin microbiome. The challenge is to find a surface, that acts as a suitable equivalent to human skin, on which the formulas can be applied and set-in contrast. In order to develop a suitable model, the effectiveness of pre- and postbiotic agents was investigated by modifying and treating individual leather goods. Out of a total of seven resident bacteria, different leather bacterial carriers were created. At different application concentrations and application rates with an exposure time of 30 min, three different prebiotic agents, in combination with one preservative, were applied to the carriers. Meanwhile, the substances were tested as raw materials by means of screening procedures regarding their efficacy. The results show that through applying the model, the growth of bacteria is influenced by the substances contained in the formulas. Through varying the application concentrations, quantities and formula types, different effects on bacterial growth can be observed. The inhibition of pathogenic and support of beneficial bacteria became evident. The model allows the investigation of pre- and postbiotic agents incorporated into formulas with respect to their efficacy on a skin-like surface. Further series of experiments with a higher variation of substances and bacteria are necessary to establish the model further. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - THES A1 - He, Rushan T1 - Degradation of the herbicide glyphosate in the presence of a second herbicide MCPA as a chemical stressor in agricultural soil N2 - Due to the common agricultural practice of mixing herbicides as well as the long persistence of certain herbicide residues, combinations of herbicides and their residues are often found in soil. These chemicals exert stress on soil microorganisms, affecting the biodegradation of herbicides. There has been little research examining herbicide degradation in the presence of another herbicide from the perspective of stress response using carbon-use efficiency (CUE) to quantify the modified metabolic processes. We investigated, in a 25-day incubation experiment, the effects of the herbicide 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), as an additional chemical stressor for soil microbes, on the degradation of glyphosate, by determining the 13C-labelled glyphosate-derived CO2 (G-derived CO2), 13C-labelled glyphosate incorporated into microbial biomass (G-derived Cmic), and finally the CUE. We observed statistically higher G-derived CO2 in the combined herbicide treatment compared to the treatment with only glyphosate. The G-derived Cmic was lower in the combined treatment than in the glyphosate only treatment, but the difference was not statistically significant. The CUE of soil microorganisms was lower in the combined treatment, but the results were not significant. Despite the statistical insignificance, a clear trend exists that suggests a more catabolic microbial metabolism under stress induced by the presence of a second herbicide MCPA. KW - Pesticide mixtures KW - Glyphosate KW - MCPA KW - Soil microbes KW - Chemical stress and Carbon-use efficiency Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - THES A1 - Müller, Felix T1 - Alternative Performance Measures in Board Compensation - Theoretical Analysis and Empirical Investigation of German DAX Companies N2 - This work investigates in how far Alternative Performance Measures (APM) are suitable to serve as the benchmark for achievement of financial targets by board members of stock-listed companies. Therefore, the concept of board compensation is outlined, the phenomenon of APM is defined, and the main points of scholarly interest in both subject areas are addressed. Through reviewing existing literature that investigates the use of APM within board compensation systems, the rationale for their use and the associated (dis-)advantages are determined. It is shown that the use of APM in board compensation can lead to greater alignment between board members and shareholders’ interests, in-crease sensitivity of pay to performance, and improve the information content of APM published elsewhere. However, using APM can also lead to excessive pay, which may be a result of managerial opportunism. Strong corporate governance mechanisms ap-pear to be relevant for ensuring an appropriate use of APM in compensation systems. The use of APM within board compensation schemes of large German stock-listed com-panies in the fiscal year 2019 is investigated empirically. The relevance of such measures is found to be high, and they determine a large portion of total variable pay. The specific APM used within compensation schemes and those disclosed in annual reports are partially divergent, especially when it comes to growth-related, capital effi-ciency-related, and capital structure-related measures. Nonetheless, APM used in com-pensation systems are identified as a subgroup of APM disclosed in the annual report. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-7178 ER -