TY - THES A1 - Meyer, Tobias T1 - Automatisierte Tests oberflächenbezogener Geschäftslogik mit simulierten Benutzereingaben N2 - A lack of stability and reliability in user interfaces leads to user dissatisfaction. If this dissatisfaction is a repeating occurence users loose trust in the software and the company behind it. In the long run this leads to a migration from existing users to competitors and less new customers. To combat these effects companies have to ensure their user interfaces are stable and reliable. The Schleupen AG provides a browserbased user interface to its customers, which is split into a display layer running in the browser and a logic layer running on the server. In this thesis an automated solution for finding such problems in the logic layer was developed and applied to a selected subset of user interfaces. The solution was able to find multiple issues with most of them representing possible stability problems. This showed that automated testing of user interfaces for stability and reliability is possible and worthwhile. KW - User experience KW - Propertybased testing KW - Test automation KW - Continuous feedback Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8544 ER - TY - THES A1 - Mutzberg, Lisa-Camilla T1 - Oral Enzyme Therapy in Systemic Analgetic Treatment N2 - The possibility of an oral enzyme combination being able to replace diclofenac in the treatment of pain and inflammation is discussed. Oral enzyme therapy involves the use of proteolytic enzymes like bromelain, serratiopeptidase, trypsin, rutin, and papain. The goal of oral enzyme therapy is to replace non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the treatment of symptoms requiring short or long-term treatment due to the side effects of NSAIDs for example diclofenac. The main analysis is focused on the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of oral enzyme therapy. The results are based on database retrieval covering single oral enzymes and oral enzyme combinations like Wobenzym and Phlogenzym. Osteoarthritis and post- surgery treatment studies of oral enzyme therapy are included to analyze the efficacy and effectiveness of the new treatment approach. Bromelain, serratiopeptidase, and rutin are covered in their industrial production. Safety and efficacy, trial diversity, economics, and the potential of oral enzymes being the new homeopathy are discussed. Oral enzymes show a great safety profile in the overall comparison to NSAIDs with tolerability rated as good and very good by patients and physicians. The trial diversity has an impact on the comparability resulting in the need for a cohesion set-up for the retrieval of evidence on the efficacy and effectiveness of oral enzyme therapy. The economic situation of oral enzymes is defined by the currently expensive production of enzymes with a possible reduction in retail price due to new techniques and technology. With the presence of new studies of high quality in the future, a detailed revision of facts is advised on oral enzymes being an alternative to NSAIDs. KW - Oral enzyme therapy KW - NSAIDs KW - Proteolytic enzymes KW - Diclofenac KW - Osteoarthritis Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-15107 ER - TY - THES A1 - Tantihachai, Jittawadee T1 - Market Participation of Maize Farmers Who Adopted Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) under the Mega Farm Project in the North of Thailand N2 - The attempt to integrate Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) into the procurement standards of maize supply chain has been led by the Thai Feed Mills Association since 2015 to mitigate environmental impacts of maize production in the North of Thailand. Maize production was condemned by researchers and civil society as one of the culprits of deforestation and haze crisis. Up to now, maize in compliance with GAP in the North of Thailand is mostly produced as part of the Mega Farm Project and limited to a handful of farmers and planted areas. With rather unclear and unpromising circumstances, this study aims to examine the progress of GAP implementation and the market participation of farmers who adopted GAP. By using qualitative and quantitative research methods, it tried to find the reasons for the slow progress and limited coverage of GAP maize production. The results show that market incentives, institutional support, and farmers’ resource endowment are key determinants of GAP adoption and market opportunities. Although the government’s support under the Mega Farm Project has made GAP adoption accessible, affordable and achievable, the stagnation in GAP implementation and adoption is caused by a lack of market incentives, enforcement of regulations, engagement of the private sector, and government’s resources. Farmers’ market participation as a result of GAP adoption has not substantially changed over time. Their market access and prices received remained the same. Their market opportunities have not significantly been enhanced owing to the lack of market incentives for sustainable maize production, insufficient institutional support on harvest and post-harvest management, and farmers’ limited capacity to upgrade and reach an economy of scale. KW - Sustainable KW - Supply chain KW - Agriculture KW - Upgrading KW - Environment KW - Sustainable KW - Good agricultural practices KW - Market participation KW - Supply chain KW - Maize Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-14848 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ratnayake, Osuri T1 - A time - motion study of the production process and the areas to be optimized at an Agaricus bisporus farm N2 - Despite the challenges in food production during the Covid-19 pandemic, there has been a constant demand for champignons in Germany. With the need of improving production levels, a study was conducted at an Agaricus bisporus farm located in Geldern, Germany. The farm has two sites (A/B) which follow the traditional system of harvesting, and another site (site C) which follows a technically advanced work simplification approach. Time-motion studies were carried out to determine the most time-consuming activities and the areas that needed to be improved. The continuous sample method was chosen over work sampling in this study because picker and packer tasks (at site C) were frequent. Subsequently picking efficiencies of the farm were found by empirical data collection. Finally, strategies for improving production rates were created and prioritized using a SWOT analysis in conjunction with the Internal Factors Evaluation Matrix (IFEM), External Factors Evaluation Matrix (EFEM) and Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). Significant results were obtained at sites A/B after changes in the logistics within the production process, with picking efficiency increasing from 39% to 43%. Technical issues at site C were significantly reduced after recipe settings were changed, and picking efficiency increased from 49 percent to 54 percent. The strategy with the highest priority level from the IFEM, EFEM, SWOT, and QSPM analysis was analyzing the pickers' performance over time. Undoubtedly, further research is a driving force behind the development of novel harvesting technologies in this field of agriculture. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-12848 ER - TY - THES A1 - Torzewska, Agata T1 - Method development for quantification of prescription drugs Fluphenazine and Flupentixol in serum. N2 - The LVR clinic in Viersen belongs to a group of nine psychiatric clinics in NRW, Germany. In the pharmacy laboratory, the therapeutic drug monitoring is offered for antiepileptic drugs (AED´s), neuroleptics and antidepressants. Fluphenazine and Flupentixol are used to relieve the symptoms of schizophrenia and other similar mental health problems. The purpose of this work is the development and validation of methods for quantitation of the neuroleptics Fluphenazine and Flupentixol, contained in human serum. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is very important for a patient-matched therapy. TDM is applied to handle and direct the pharmacotherapy because of the pharmacokinetic differences between different individuals. The developed methods should be afterwards introduced into the daily routine of the laboratory. The analytical device used for this purpose is a Liquid Chromatography with a Mass Spectrometer (LCMS), with a Biphenyl Accucore separation column which is also used for other neuroleptics quantised. For Fluphenazine, an already existing in the laboratory sample precipitation method was used. Also, an already applied for other similar neuroleptics LCMS method, called “Biphenyl03_new” (lasting for 11 minutes, with a high gradient between the elution agents) was taken on, and resulted in a good linearity. In case of Flupentixol, a completely new method had to be established, in order to achieve a baseline separation of cis-Z-Flupentixol and trans-E-Flupentixol. For the sample preparation, a solid phase extraction method was developed. The established methods were then applied for quantitation of patient samples, and the stability of the measurements was proved. Also, the accuracy and precision of obtained results was tested in the Proficiency Test. Limit of quantitation achieved for Fluphenazine was 0,5ng/ml, whereas for Flupentixol the LOQ was 0,25ng/ml. The Limit of detection found was 0,05ng/ml for both substances. The development was successful for both analytes and the established methods were integrated into the daily routine of the laboratory. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-12715 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wensor, Brianna T1 - Start-up and operation of a continuous stirred tank reactor performing stable anammox process with Candidatus Brocadia fulgida N2 - Nitrogen removal from wastewater is an energy and resource intense operation. In response, anaerobic ammonium oxidising (anammox) bacteria are being increasingly applied as a cost effective and sustainable wastewater treatment. Despite their utilisation worldwide, very little is understood about kinetic parameters and factors impacting their niche differentiation. The lack of enriched planktonic cultures is limiting further investigations into anammox bacteria and the optimisation of wastewater treatment. In this study, a Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) inoculated with Candidatus Brocadia fulgida to obtain an enriched planktonic culture. Ca. Brocadia fulgida was selected due to Ca. Brocadias widespread application in Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs), and the lack of planktonic cultures of this anammox species. The cultivation of anammox bacteria is a time-consuming operation, due to the slow growth rate. This operation was conducted for 84 days, and variety of analytical and microbial techniques were used to monitor bioreactor performance and anammox bacteria enrichment. An analysis of consumption and production patterns was performed to investigate anammox metabolism. Changes in the microbial community were also assessed, which indicated a culture enriched in anammox bacteria. The establishment of a planktonic culture enriched in Ca. Brocadia fulgida in a CSTR was not achieved, and further research is needed in order to successfully apply this innovative approach to anammox bacteria cultivation. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-12695 ER - TY - THES A1 - Freese, Kira T1 - Der Einfluss geschlechtergerechter Sprache auf die Bewrebungsabsicht von Studierenden für ein Workshop-Programm zum Thema Unternehmertum. N2 - In der vorliegenden Arbeit soll der Einfluss von geschlechtergerechter Sprache am Anwendungsbeispiel Unternehmertum untersucht werden, welches stereotypisch männlich geprägt und männlich dominiert ist. Dabei wird der Frage nachgegangen, welchen Einfluss geschlechtergerechte Sprache in Stellenanzeigen auf die die selbstzugeschriebene Passung zu, das Interesse an und die Bewerbungsabsicht von Studierenden für ein Workshop-Programm zum Thema Unternehmertum hat. Dazu wird ein Online-Experiment konzipiert, an dem 172 Studierende teilnahmen. Es fungierten die drei geschlechtsbezogenen Sprachformen generisches Maskulin, feminin-maskuline Wortpaare und Gendersternchen als experimentelle Bedingungen. Die selbstzugeschriebene Passung, das Interesse am Programm und die Bewerbungsabsicht werden mittels validierter Skalen erhoben. Des Weiteren wird das Geschlecht ex-post-facto erfasst. Zur Untersuchung des Einflusses der geschlechtsbezogenen Sprachformen auf die drei abhängigen Variablen wurden einfaktorielle ANOVAs durchgeführt. Die Annahme, dass das Geschlecht diesen Einfluss moderiert, wurde mittels zweifaktorieller ANOVAs überprüft. Zudem wurde eine Mediationsanalyse gerechnet, um einen mediierenden Effekt der selbstzugeschriebenen Passung und des Interesses an dem Programm auf den Einfluss der geschlechtsbezogenen Sprachform auf die Bewerbungsabsicht zu überprüfen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die geschlechtsbezogene Sprachform die selbstzugeschriebene Passung und das Interesse am Programm insofern beeinflusst, dass das generische Maskulin zu signifikant niedrigeren Werten als das Gendersternchen führt. Auch für die Mediation konnte Bestätigung gefunden werden, nicht aber für die anderen Annahmen. Die Befunde bestätigen nur zum Teil den aktuellen Forschungsstand und legen nahe, geschlechtergerechte Sprache in Form von Gendersternchen in Anzeigen zur Anwerbung von Studierenden für Workshop-Programme zum Unternehmertum zu verwenden. Die Ergebnisse geben aber auch Anlass zu weiterer Forschung, insbesondere mit größeren und geschlechtlich gleichverteilten Gruppen. KW - Geschlechtergerechte Sprache KW - Generisches Maskulin KW - Gendersternchen KW - Unternehmertum KW - Entrepreneurship education Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - THES A1 - Zhong, Kaiwen T1 - A comparative study on the plants’ phenological response to climate change in China and Germany N2 - This study applied a total of over 100,000 phenological datasets from Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), International Phenological Gardens (IPG) and LANUV in Germany and Chinese Phenological Observation Network (CPON) in China, as well as weather datasets from DWD and World Meteorological Organization (WMO), concluding that the beginning of flowering dates of flowering plants in China and Germany correlated with changes in local temperature. Germany has experienced a temperature increase of about 1.7 °C over 136 years (1881-2017) and the beginning of flowering date has advanced by about 17 days on average. In China, the temperature has increased by about 2 °C over 45 years (1963-2008), and the beginning of flowering date has advanced by about 9 days on average. Due to the large differences in the amount of data and recording time between the two countries, it is not possible to concretely conclude whether plants begin to flower is more sensitive to temperature changes in Germany or in China. However, it can still be concluded that temperature is an important factor in determining flowering time. In general, phenology is a very suitable tool for the study of effects of climate change, and climate change can also lead to a more detailed study of phenology. Overall, after evaluating the slopes of the same species in China and Germany, there was a surprising similarity of the slopes. And that it is surprising as well that all reliable datasets showed a tendency towards a shift of flowering in spring to an earlier DOY. KW - Phenology Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-12673 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 36/2021 Ordnung zur Kompensation der Folgen der Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2-Epidemie für Studium und Lehre an der Hochschule Rhein-Waal T3 - Amtliche Bekanntmachungen der Hochschule Rhein-Waal - 2021-36 Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-12548 VL - 2021 IS - 36 ER - TY - THES A1 - Shamsuzaman, Md T1 - Engineering of an Algal Turf Scrubber (ATS) for phosphate removal from wastewater N2 - With an increasing population around the world, there is a surge in wastewater generation as well as an eager demand for energy. Carbon dioxide and other pollutants are also released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned for energy production. In order to reduce wastewater treatment costs and create energy, it is crucial to develop sustainable green strategies. Microalgae could be the best alternative to solve these problems. These can potentially reduce the cost and energy usage of treating wastewater compared to conventional wastewater treatment procedures. Phosphate is one of the critical elements in wastewater, which has to be minimized to a certain level in a wastewater treatment plant. Scientists have been researching cost-effective algal cultivation systems for a long time. In the early 90s, Adey developed the first Algal Turf Scrubber concept. This thesis investigates Algal Turf Scrubber (ATS) to produce microalgae biomass and remove nutrients from wastewater. In order to build an ATS, various techniques and equipment have been used. An ideal movement system has been created using MATLAB Simulink and Arduino. A 20W blue LED light was used on the basis of 09h:09h (Light : Dark). In this study, two algal turf scrubbers were constructed. External liquid phosphate was used with the Spoy Kanal water in order to increase the phosphate level, as the Spoy Kanal water contains a very low phosphate. On average, the rate of 0.65 mg/L per day phosphate and 0.41 mg/L per day nitrate removal were recorded in 12 days of operation Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - THES A1 - Vela, Gianfranco T1 - Anwendbarkeit des Gamification Frameworks Octalysis auf Multibankingapps N2 - Ziel der vorliegenden Abschlussarbeit war es, ausgewählte Multibankingapps anhand des von Yu-Kai Chou entworfenen Gamification Frameworks Octalysis (Y.-k. Chou, 2019) zu analysie- ren, um daraufhin eine Aussage über die Anwendbarkeit des Frameworks auf Multibankingapps treffen zu können. Mithilfe des Design Pattern Canvas (Žavcer u. a., 2015) wurde ein Arte- fakt geschaffen, welches Entwicklern solcher Apps erlaubt, die im Framework beschriebenen Core Drives auf die Anwendung abzustimmen. Die Anwendbarkeit des Frameworks wurde zwar durch die Analyse bestätigt, jedoch ergaben sich weitere Abhängigkeiten, welche grundlegend für eine erfolgreiche Anwendung sind. Darunter zählt beispielsweise die Offenheit der Nutzer gegenüber Finanzthemen. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-11349 ER - TY - THES A1 - Jayalath, Pramudini Saubhagya T1 - Similarities Between Pathogenic CD4+ T Cells in PD-1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Induced Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis N2 - Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) such as anti-CTLA-4 or anti-PD-1 are an efficient and standard treatment option for cancer patients today. However, the treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors often leads to immune-related adverse events, including Rheumatoid arthritis. Despite the use of ICI for cancer patients dates back to a couple of years, by this time, there are many cases described about RA occurring after ICI treatment. In most cases, the appearance of RA has occurred after anti-PD-1 treatment. Nevertheless, the cause of the induced RA after ICI treatment is poorly understood and poorly investigated. We investigated the cytokine expression of CD4+ T cells isolated from an anti-PD-1 treated cancer patient and analysed the different subpopulations of CD4+ T cells, such as Th1 and Th17 cells. Due to the limited availability of blood samples from ICI treated cancer patients with RA from the University Hospital of Cologne, blood samples were also analysed from RA patients. In this case, the isolated CD4+ T cells were treated in vitro with or without anti-PD1 antibody. By flow cytometry analysis, Th1, Th17 and Treg cell populations of the different groups were determined. In vitro PD-1 treatment has shown a distinct effect after 48 hours on the CD4+ T cells from RA patients. Treatment with anti- PD-1 inhibited the cytokine expression of IFNγ and IL-17 of the CD4+ cells isolated from RA patients; therefore, fewer cells were differentiated into Th17 cells. The same effect was observed on CD4+ T cells from healthy individuals. The differentiation into regulatory T cells was also concerned by PD-1 treatment. There were fewer Treg cells detected from the group of RA patients but not in the group of healthy individuals. The result suggests that CD4+ T cells from RA patients show more resistance to PD1 mediated regulation than CD4+ T cells from healthy individuals or cancer patients. Our findings shed insight into the effect of anti-PD-1 treatment on CD4+ T cells. However, more research is needed to clarify the background of ICI induced RA in cancer patients. Furthermore, ICI therapy is becoming a standard treatment for multiple cancer types. Thus it is important to make awareness of the potential irAEs of immunotherapy among cancer patients. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-10981 ER - TY - THES A1 - Just, Leon T1 - Using Geofencing to Reduce Circulation and Waiting Time of Trucks at Warehouses. A Simulation Study N2 - By 2030 the share of road freight transport in the European Union is expected to grow by 33% according to the Joint Research Center of the European Commission. However, today trucks are already usually confronted with long wait times at warehouses and similar facilities which lengthen the circulation time of trucks. A commonly identified cause for this is the lack of information and communication exchange between the trucks and the logistics facilities. To improve the information and communication exchange between trucks and warehouses to reduce the circulation and waiting time the use of modern information technologies is recommended. One of those modern information technologies is called geofencing and deals with the tracking of objects in defined geographic areas. This research aims to measure the influence that the implementation of geofencing technology has on the handling process of trucks at warehouses regarding the reduction of circulation and waiting time. A quantitative study in form of a computer simulation simulating the handling process of trucks at warehouses is performed to accomplish that. The results of this research showed that the application of geofencing to the handling process has a significant impact on the reduction of circulation and waiting time. However, analyzing these results showed that the extent of that reduction is dependent on the structure of the handling process at the warehouse as well as the distribution of waiting time throughout the handling process. KW - Geofencing KW - Simulation study KW - Circulation time KW - Waiting time KW - Trucks KW - Warehouses Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - THES A1 - Baumann, Ines-Paul T1 - Empowered as Community, Disempowered as Parents? Factors of Success for Decisions and Forms of LGBTIQ*-Parenthood. N2 - In a cis-heteronormative society, LGBTIQ*-people learn to negotiate lacks of legal and social equality. Their experiences might also serve as an expertise when negotiating LGBTIQ*-parenthood. In this research, episodic interviews with LGBTIQ*-people living and working in the field of LGBTIQ*-parenthood in Germany were conducted. The findings of the thematic qualitative text analysis suggest that empowering ways to handle scripts of parenthood are probably linked to empowering ways to handle scripts of sexual and gender identities the participants have developed before. Communities and exchange are crucial for accessing and applying the available strategies, notably handling normative scripts with different scripts than predominantly legitimizing their power to disempower. The possibility of making such changes within an existing societal system that still disempowers due to inequalities and disadvantages does not imply any specifications in regards to the way that individuals perform their ways of parenthood. Yet, counselling, activism and research might gain from understanding that scripting disempowering scripts about LGBTIQ*-parenthood as basically effective and legitimate might rather impede than support the transfer of the strengthening factors for becoming and being parents. A society where traditional family models and care work are subjects of change might instead benefit from nonnormative people with their expertise of negotiating norms. KW - LGBTIQ* KW - Parenthood KW - Queer theory KW - Sexual scripts KW - Care revolution Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-10631 ER - TY - THES A1 - Lai, Siru T1 - Investigation on conventional tea industry in Chinese domestic market analysis along the supply chain Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - THES A1 - Rissi, Agostina Mariel T1 - Non-Financial Reporting Directive - The effects of the Non-Financial Reporting Directives with special regard to human rights in the European apparel industry N2 - The free market introduced opportunities of exchanging goods and benefits from cheaper labor in other countries. Economy grew, but the outsource in developing countries has also shown its negative sites. For decades, the human rights violations in supply chains are alarming and workers are fighting for their fundamental rights. In order to improve the social impact by large companies, the EU introduced the Non-Financial Reporting Directive. Non-financial reporting occupied an important place during the years and became a required regulation in 2018. Nonetheless, the reporting still lacks transparency and rightful disclosure on human rights which is why an additional Supply Chain Act is on the way. This study investigates the non-financial reports of four European leading apparel companies with regard to their disclosure on human rights in supply chains. With the help of MAXQDA, qualitative research is performed within the timeframe 2016 to 2019. The aim is to find how the mandatory disclosure of the NFRD influenced the supply chain of the apparel industry. The results in 2018 show that the transparency in supply chains increased and was addressed most with distinctive implementations, achievements and goals and the wording in the reports changed also in a positive way. This thesis aimed to be an enrichment to this research field by elaborating the different perspectives, recent developments and challenges and the work which still needs to be done. But also to give an insight on four well-known companies and their influence to report on human rights in supply chains in their favor depending on the mandatory regulations. Key words: Non-Financial Reporting Directive, apparel industry, Human rights violations, European Union, Supply Chain Act, mandatory disclosure KW - Non-Financial reporting directive KW - Apparel industry KW - Human rights KW - Supply chain KW - Corporate social responsibility Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-9208 ER - TY - THES A1 - Islam, Md Ariful T1 - Business Diversification through honey production and marketing: An analysis of Gamerschlagshof GmbH, Xanten N2 - Over the past century, by the evaluation of the business, business diversification has a significant part in any business sector, especially in agribusiness sectors. The study's primary goal is to review business expansion through honey production and market analysis of Gamerschlagshof GmbH. The data were collected from the study area. A beekeeper was interviewed for getting necessary data to determine the costs and profit of honey production and review to expand the honey business. Sixty consumers were randomly selected to interview for getting market information of honey. The results show that the beekeeper owned 18 beehives and earned 2852.32 euro as a gross profit per year. It indicates that this business is potential for the future, and it is an excellent opportunity for honey business in the study area based on socioeconomic context and some unique features of the farm. The beekeeper identifies some obstacles, and they have implications for some solutions also. Finally, the reacher has given some recommendations to expand the honey business in Gamerschlagshof GmbH. Keywords: Business diversification, Honey, Production and marketing honey, Profitability, challenges, and opportunities. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - THES A1 - Niederholz, Anna-Marie T1 - Cannabinoide in der analgetischen Therapie: Chancen und Risiken N2 - Hintergrund: In den letzten Jahren finden die Cannabinoide THC und CBD immer mehr Bedeutung in der Medizin zur Behandlung von Schmerzen. Die ärztliche Verordnung von medizinischem Cannabis ist seit 2017 in Deutschland legal. Viele Ärzte zögern bei Indikation der Patienten eine Verordnung aufgrund mangelnder Aufklärung hinaus. Auch in der Gesellschaft erfährt Cannabis eher negative Bewertungen bedingt durch seines Vorurteils zur Einstiegsdroge. Dabei bietet die Nutzung von Cannabis in der Medizin nicht nur Risiken, sondern auch Chancen in der Analgesie. Ziele: Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Darstellung von Chancen und Risiken der Cannabinoide in der analgetischen Therapie. Ergebnisse: Kombinationspräparate, die CBD und THC in einem 1:1 Verhältnis enthalten, weisen eine hohe Analgesie auf. CBD antagonisiert nachweislich die psychoaktive Komponente des THC. Auch gastrointestinale Nebenwirkungen wie Obstipation, Nausea und Emesis lassen sich durch die richtige Dosis lindern. Als adjuvante Therapieform können Cannabinoide die Menge der einnehmenden Opioide bei langfristigen Therapien senken. Wird THC in zu hoher Dosis und ohne ärztliche Betreuung eingenommen, kann die Psychoaktivität steigen und es treten unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen wie Angststörungen, Schlafstörungen oder Depressionen auf. Fazit: Die Chancen der Cannabinoide liegen primär in der Analgesie. Auch Nebenwirkungen ausgelöst durch andere Erkrankungen oder Arzneimittel lassen sich lindern. Unter ärztlicher Betreuung können Nebenwirkungen präventiv vermieden werden, indem das Präparat, die Dosis und die Applikationsform individuell auf den Patienten abgestimmt werde Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-9430 ER - TY - THES A1 - Fearnley, Frederick T1 - Entwicklung und Implementierung eines Qualitätsmanagementsystems für das Unternehmen „GS.net GmbH und Co. KG“ N2 - Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, ein Qualitätsmanagementsystem nach DIN EN ISO 9001:2015 für das Unternehmen „GS.net GmbH und Co. KG“ zu entwickeln und dieses im Anschluss in den Betrieb zu implementieren. Die relevanten Normen wurden als ein Leitfaden für die Umsetzung verwendet. Um das entwickelte Qualitätsmanagementsystem anschaulich darzustellen und es greifbar für die Mitarbeiter/-innen des Unternehmens zu gestalten, wurde es in Form eines QM-Handbuches verfasst. Da bisher fast keine qualitätsrelevante Dokumentation im Betrieb existiert hat, wurde nahezu das gesamte Qualitätsmanagementsystem mit Hilfe des Geschäftsführers von Grund auf konzipiert. Die Implementierung konnte unter Verwendung des erstellten QM-Handbuches teilweise bereits begonnen werden. Die komplette Integration ins Unternehmen liegt jedoch zukünftig in der Hand der obersten Leitung. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wildt, Viktor T1 - Formulation of Π-Π Stacking Stabilized Polymeric Micelles Co-loaded with Chemotherapeutics and Corticosteroids N2 - Cancer is a complex and lethal disease, based on uncontrolled and malignant growths. Conventional therapies like radiation therapy, surgery and chemotherapy are used to treat cancer. However, and despite being one of the most employed ones, many chemotherapeutic drugs show several drawbacks, such as. low solubility, side-effects, and low accumulation within the cancerous tissue. Drug delivery systems like polymeric micelles can be employed to overcome these problems. Additionally, due to the heterogeneity of the tumour microenvironment, the consistency of these nano-therapies varies. Which can be traced back to heterogeneity in the efficiency of the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Therefore, corticosteroids are also used in conjunction with chemotherapeutics to increase the nanoparticle accumulation within the cancerous tissue. mPEG-bp(HPMA-Bz) based Π-Π stacking stabilized polymeric micelles have shown great potential for encapsulating paclitaxel, one of the leading anticancer drugs. Furthermore, preliminary studies show potential for co-loading these micelles with corticosteroids like dexamethasone and paclitaxel. Based on these premises, this work focused on exploring the first steps towards the manufacturing process of the ΠΠ stacking mPEG-b-p(HPMA-Bz) based micelles to set up the basis for future clinical transition. This was done by introducing continuous production via microfluidics and increasing the shelf-life via either cold chain or lyophilization. Results showed that microfluidics can reproduce the physicochemical properties and drug retention capabilities of Π-Π stacking polymeric micelles loaded with paclitaxel. Furthermore, the preliminary evaluation pointed that the characteristics of these polymeric micelles might be able to be tuned by increasing the flow rate of the aqueous and organic phase and the polymer concentration. Besides, the cold chain procedure can be used to preserve the micelles with minor changes to the physicochemical properties of the polymeric micelles, when PEG2k (5 wt%) is added. A framework for further studies on the lyophilization has been established and a mixture of PEG2k and sucrose has been able to reduce the size increase after lyophilization from 10.2-fold to 1.2-fold. Even though it is not optimized, these results set the framework for the manufacturing and storage of Π-Π mPEG-b-p(HPMA-Bz) based polymeric micelles. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ajitkumar Shah, Karan T1 - Development of Decision-making Model for Cost Optimization of Heat Exchanger on the Basis of Spreadsheet Programs N2 - The current advancements in the field of heat exchangers have expanded their range of applications in many industries. The most important factor while investing in the heat exchanger is sizing them for a particular application. The sizing of a shell and tube heat exchanger is always a challenge, often causing customers to invest in either an oversized or undersized heat exchanger. The purpose of this study is to solve the customer’s conundrum of investing in an appropriate size shell and tube heat exchanger. The objectives of this study were (a) to develop and implement a spreadsheet program for optimization of overall heat transfer coefficient of shell and tube heat exchanger, (b) to determine profitability analysis using the Net Present Value (NPV) method, (c) to analyse the price sensitivity using the Monte Carlo simulation. The iteration and optimization are based on Kern’s method. The user defines the process parameters such as the temperature of hot and cold streams, mass flow rates and fluid densities. The user also assumes the tube related properties. The final sizing of the shell side is determined along with Reynolds number and pressure losses on the shell and tube side. The pressure losses are then converted into the operating cost of the heat exchanger to determine NPV. The Monte Carlo simulation calculates 1000 different NPVs for a given scenario, thus facilitating the user’s crucial decision-making process. This study is probably a first instance to combine preliminary sizing of the shell and tube heat exchanger with price sensitivity analysis using the Monte Carlo method. KW - Shell and tube heat exchanger KW - Cost-benefit analysis KW - Kern’s design method Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-9114 ER - TY - THES A1 - Merbecks, Eva T1 - Über den Einfluss eines sechswöchigen Beweglichkeitstrainings mit dem five-Business Gerät bei Mitarbeiter*innen mit sitzender Tätigkeit. N2 - Rückenschmerzen sind in Deutschland ein häufig auftretendes Problem, welches oft Mitarbeiter*innen mit sitzender Tätigkeit betrifft und wirtschaftliche Kosten verursacht (Lippe et al., 2021, S. 3ff). Um der häufig einseitigen Haltung während des Sitzens entgegenzuwirken und Rückenbeschwerden zu verringern, ist das five Business Gerät entwickelt worden (Five-Konzept GmbH & Co. KG, 2021). Durch das Training mit dem Gerät wird die zur Verkürzung neigende Muskulatur entgegen der gewohnten Körperhaltung aufgedehnt. Ziel der Studie ist es, die Wirkung des Trainings mit dem five Business Gerät auf Mitarbeiter*innen mit sitzender Tätigkeit zu analysieren. Dafür wurde folgende Forschungsfrage entwickelt. Verbessern sich die Beweglichkeit, das körperliche Wohlbefinden und die Rückenschmerzen von Berufstätigen mit sitzender Tätigkeit durch ein sechswöchiges Beweglichkeitstraining mit zwei 15-minütigen Trainingseinheiten pro Woche an einem five Business Gerät? Zur Beantwortung der Forschungsfrage wird eine Längsschnittstudie mit einer Interventionsgruppe (n = 12) und einer Kontrollgruppe (n = 15) durchgeführt. Die beiden Gruppen trainieren während des Studienzeitraums in ihrer Freizeit weiterhin wie gewohnt. Die Interventionsgruppe führt zusätzlich ein sechswöchiges Training, mit zwei wöchentlichen Einheiten, an dem five Business Gerät durch. Vor und nach dem Interventionszeitraums wird die Beweglichkeit beider Gruppen mithilfe von fünf Beweglichkeitstests gemessen. Zudem werden die wahrgenommene körperliche Verfassung und die Rückenschmerzen über einen Fragenbogen erfasst. Die Auswertung erfolgt anhand des Mann-Whitney-U-Tests und des Wilcoxon-Tests, durch die die Unterschiede zwischen den Testzeiträumen innerhalb der Gruppen und die Differenz der Gruppen zu beiden Testzeitpunkten statistisch ausgewertet werden. Nach der Intervention ist die Beweglichkeit der Interventionsgruppe in mehreren Bereichen erhöht. Die wahrgenommene körperliche Verfassung verbessert sich in der Beweglichkeit (p = .048), den Schmerzen (p = .007) und den Beschwerden (p = .002) deutlich. Zudem verringert sich die Rückenschmerzhäufigkeit (p = .018) und die durchschnittliche Schmerzintensität (p = .017) der Interventionsteilnehmer*innen. Die Forschungsfrage kann durch die Ergebnisse der Studie bestätigt werden. Für weiterführende Forschungen ist zu empfehlen, die Proband*innenzahl und den Trainingsumfang der Interventionsgruppe zu erhöhen. Die vorliegenden Forschungsergebnisse haben den Nutzen, eine evidenzbasierte Anwendung in der Praxis umzusetzen und dadurch Rückenschmerzen entgegenzuwirken. Bildschirmarbeitsplatz - Sitzen - Beweglichkeit - Wahrgenommene körperliche Verfassung - Rückenschmerzen - five Business - Training - BGM Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 35/2021 Ordnung zur befristeten Änderung der Rahmenprüfungsordnung für die Bachelor- und Masterstudiengänge an der Hochschule Rhein-Waal (Amtl. Bekanntmachung 7/2018) zur Regelung des Studienbetriebs an der Hochschule Rhein-Waal im Wintersemester 2021/22 (Corona-Überleitungsordnung) T3 - Amtliche Bekanntmachungen der Hochschule Rhein-Waal - 2021-35 Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-9075 VL - 2021 IS - 35 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 34/2021 Siebte Änderungssatzung zur Ordnung zur Kompensation der Folgen der Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2-Epidemie für Studium und Lehre an der Hochschule Rhein-Waal T3 - Amtliche Bekanntmachungen der Hochschule Rhein-Waal - 2021-34 Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-9062 VL - 2021 IS - 34 ER - TY - THES A1 - Gole, Rutu T1 - Right to Information in the Republic of India: At the Intersection of Social Inequality N2 - ‘Right to Information in the Republic of India: At the Intersection of Social Inequality’ seeks to explore the interrelationship between the exercise of the right to access state-held public information and social inequality in India. A large body of literature suggests that social inequality impacts the accessibility of democratic rights while the democratization of rights strengthens civil society and anchors the process towards social equity. Drawing on this hypothesis, the methodological framework of documentary research is employed for examining the social realities surrounding India’s Right to Information Act since its inception in 2005. To meet the research objective, numerous public documents that contain quantitative and qualitative data published by the government of India, experts in the field and recognized national and international organizations are referenced. The inferences drawn from this social investigation are analyzed from the lens of a theoretical triangle inclusive of: 1) Social inequality by Solga, Berger and Powell (2009) 2) Intersectionality by Hill Collins and Bilge (2016) 3) Citizenship and social class by Marshall (1950) With an aim to further explore this correlation, the effects of the utilization of the right to information on social inequities in India are examined. Standing at the intersection of social inequality in the Republic of India, the Right to Information Act 2005 exemplifies the interconnection between democratic practices and social disparity. KW - Inequality KW - Right to information KW - Democracy KW - Documentary research KW - Intersectionality Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8937 ER - TY - THES A1 - Tem Beng, Donald T1 - The Root and Tuber Crop Value Chain in Cameroon: An Analysis of its Structure and Performance N2 - The aim of this study was to analyse the structure and performance of the root and tuber crop value chain in Cameroon. The study area included the North-west, Southwest, Littoral, Central and West regions of Cameroon. Data was collected through surveys and interviews with key informants and between the months of March and August 2021. A sample of 457 Value chain actors com-prising 163 farmers, 105 traders, 70 processors and 119 consumers was se-lected through a simple random sampling procedure. Secondary data was col-lected from published studies and from some officials of the Ministry of Agricul-ture. Data analysis was done using Microsoft Excel. Social Network Analysis, Functional institutional Analysis and the French Systematic method were used to analyse the structure of the value chain. Demographic and production char-acteristics were analysed by means of descriptive statistics. Profitability analy-sis was used to determine the profit margins of value chain actors. The results of the study revealed that 47% of farmers were males and 53% were females and that 77.1 % of traders and 65.3% of processors had attained at least sec-ondary level of education. Farm sizes ranged from 0.4 – 3 hectares and 81% them practiced mixed cropping. The shortest marketing (from farmers – con-sumer) was the most used channel. The calculated average yield of cassava was 9.25 t/ha and that for sweet potatoes was 7.65 t/ha. Pre-harvest loss stood at 4.7% and the total post-harvest loss was 17.6% for sweet potatoes and 5.8% for cassava. The gross profit per hectare for cassava farmers was 63,069 FCFA and for sweet potato farmers it was 697,134 FCFA. The monthly gross profits for cassava traders (469,342 FCFA) were greater than that of processors (212,587 FCFA). The overall performance of the value chain was considered low due to poor record keeping, low profit margins, high percentage of post-harvest losses, few number of processed products, and poor chain governance KW - Root and tuber crops KW - Cassava KW - Sweet potatoes KW - Value chain KW - Agricultural value chain KW - Agriculture in Cameroon KW - Cassava-based products in Cameroon Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - THES A1 - Rademacher, Marian Evelin T1 - Entwicklung eines Modells zur Untersuchung des Einflusses von präbiotischen Wirkstoffen und Konservierungsmitteln auf das Hautmikrobiom N2 - Der gezielte Einsatz von präbiotischen Wirkstoffen in kosmetischen Produkten, zur Verbesserung des Hautbildes mittels Beeinflussung des Hautmikrobioms, wird zunehmend verfolgt. Das Gleichgewicht der residenten Bakterien auf der menschlichen Haut ist sowohl für die äußere Erscheinung als auch für die Gesundheit von großer Bedeutung. Mittels Anwendung des präbiotischen Wirkprinzips, bekannt aus dem Lebensmittelbereich bezüglich spezifischer Förderung des Darmmikrobioms zur Verbesserung des Immunsystems, werden pathogene Bakterien im Wachstum gehemmt und positive Bakterien gefördert. Die Übertragung des Wirkprinzips, von sowohl Präbiotika wie auch Postbiotika, vom Lebensmittel- in den Kosmetikbereich findet zunehmend statt. Es besteht die Notwendigkeit die Wirkungsweise der Wirkstoffe zu verstehen und geeignete Untersuchungsmethoden bezüglich der Prüfung der Wirksamkeit anzuwenden. Zielgebend der Forschung der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Entwicklung eines geeigneten in- vitro Modells zur Prüfung der Wirksamkeit einzelner präbiotischer bzw. postbiotischer Wirkstoffe, eingearbeitet in verschiedenen Formulierungsarten. Zusätzlich gilt es herauszufinden inwiefern Konservierungsmittel Einfluss auf das Hautmikrobiom ausüben. Die Herausforderung besteht darin eine Oberfläche, als geeignetes Äquivalent zur menschlichen Haut, zu finden, auf der die Formulierungen aufgetragen und verglichen werden können. Zur Entwicklung eines geeigneten Modells wurde mittels Modifikation und Behandlung von einzelnen Lederwaren die Wirksamkeit von prä- und postbiotischen Wirkstoffen untersucht. Aus dem Leder wurden, aus insgesamt sieben residenten Bakterien, verschiedene bakterielle Träger erstellt. Auf den Trägern wurden drei verschiedene präbiotische Wirkstoffe, in Kombination mit einem Konservierungsmittel, in verschiedenen Einsatzkonzentrationen und Auftragsmengen mit einer Einwirkzeit von 30 min appliziert. Als Vergleich wurden die Wirkstoffe als Rohstoff mittels Screening- Verfahren bezüglich ihrer Wirksamkeit geprüft. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass durch Anwendung des Modells das Wachstum der Bakterien durch die in den Formulierungen enthaltenden Wirkstoffe beeinflusst wird. Durch Variation der Einsatzkonzentrationen, Auftragsmengen und Formulierungsarten können unterschiedliche Einflüsse auf das bakterielle Wachstum beobachtet werden. Eine Hemmung der pathogenen und Förderung der positiven Bakterien wurde ersichtlich. Das Modell ermöglicht die Untersuchung prä- und postbiotischer Wirkstoffe, die in Formulierungen eingearbeitet wurden, bezüglich deren Wirksamkeit auf einer hautähnlichen Oberfläche. Für eine Etablierung des Modells sind weitere Versuchsreihen mit einer höheren Variation von Wirkstoffen und Bakterien notwendig. N2 - The specific use of prebiotic substances in cosmetic products, in order to improve skin appearance through influencing the skin microbiome, is increasingly being pursued. The balance of resident bacteria on human skin is of great importance for the external appearance as well as health. By applying the prebiotic mode of action, prominent in the food sector concerning the specific support of intestinal microbiomes to improve the immune system, pathogenic bacteria are inhibited in growth and positive bacteria are supported. This transfer, of prebiotics and postbiotics, from the food sector to the cosmetics sector is increasingly happening. It is key to understand the mode of action of substances and to apply appropriate research methods regarding the testing of efficacy. The objective of the research is the development of a suitable in vitro model in order to test the efficacy of individual prebiotic and postbiotic substances incorporated in different types of formulas. In addition, it is important to clarify the influence of preservatives on the skin microbiome. The challenge is to find a surface, that acts as a suitable equivalent to human skin, on which the formulas can be applied and set-in contrast. In order to develop a suitable model, the effectiveness of pre- and postbiotic agents was investigated by modifying and treating individual leather goods. Out of a total of seven resident bacteria, different leather bacterial carriers were created. At different application concentrations and application rates with an exposure time of 30 min, three different prebiotic agents, in combination with one preservative, were applied to the carriers. Meanwhile, the substances were tested as raw materials by means of screening procedures regarding their efficacy. The results show that through applying the model, the growth of bacteria is influenced by the substances contained in the formulas. Through varying the application concentrations, quantities and formula types, different effects on bacterial growth can be observed. The inhibition of pathogenic and support of beneficial bacteria became evident. The model allows the investigation of pre- and postbiotic agents incorporated into formulas with respect to their efficacy on a skin-like surface. Further series of experiments with a higher variation of substances and bacteria are necessary to establish the model further. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - THES A1 - He, Rushan T1 - Degradation of the herbicide glyphosate in the presence of a second herbicide MCPA as a chemical stressor in agricultural soil N2 - Due to the common agricultural practice of mixing herbicides as well as the long persistence of certain herbicide residues, combinations of herbicides and their residues are often found in soil. These chemicals exert stress on soil microorganisms, affecting the biodegradation of herbicides. There has been little research examining herbicide degradation in the presence of another herbicide from the perspective of stress response using carbon-use efficiency (CUE) to quantify the modified metabolic processes. We investigated, in a 25-day incubation experiment, the effects of the herbicide 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), as an additional chemical stressor for soil microbes, on the degradation of glyphosate, by determining the 13C-labelled glyphosate-derived CO2 (G-derived CO2), 13C-labelled glyphosate incorporated into microbial biomass (G-derived Cmic), and finally the CUE. We observed statistically higher G-derived CO2 in the combined herbicide treatment compared to the treatment with only glyphosate. The G-derived Cmic was lower in the combined treatment than in the glyphosate only treatment, but the difference was not statistically significant. The CUE of soil microorganisms was lower in the combined treatment, but the results were not significant. Despite the statistical insignificance, a clear trend exists that suggests a more catabolic microbial metabolism under stress induced by the presence of a second herbicide MCPA. KW - Pesticide mixtures KW - Glyphosate KW - MCPA KW - Soil microbes KW - Chemical stress and Carbon-use efficiency Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - THES A1 - Müller, Felix T1 - Alternative Performance Measures in Board Compensation - Theoretical Analysis and Empirical Investigation of German DAX Companies N2 - This work investigates in how far Alternative Performance Measures (APM) are suitable to serve as the benchmark for achievement of financial targets by board members of stock-listed companies. Therefore, the concept of board compensation is outlined, the phenomenon of APM is defined, and the main points of scholarly interest in both subject areas are addressed. Through reviewing existing literature that investigates the use of APM within board compensation systems, the rationale for their use and the associated (dis-)advantages are determined. It is shown that the use of APM in board compensation can lead to greater alignment between board members and shareholders’ interests, in-crease sensitivity of pay to performance, and improve the information content of APM published elsewhere. However, using APM can also lead to excessive pay, which may be a result of managerial opportunism. Strong corporate governance mechanisms ap-pear to be relevant for ensuring an appropriate use of APM in compensation systems. The use of APM within board compensation schemes of large German stock-listed com-panies in the fiscal year 2019 is investigated empirically. The relevance of such measures is found to be high, and they determine a large portion of total variable pay. The specific APM used within compensation schemes and those disclosed in annual reports are partially divergent, especially when it comes to growth-related, capital effi-ciency-related, and capital structure-related measures. Nonetheless, APM used in com-pensation systems are identified as a subgroup of APM disclosed in the annual report. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-7178 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Saxena, Udit A1 - Abdelhamid, Seifeldin A1 - Allam, Youssef Hossam Esmat Khaled A1 - Ali, Ahmed Moosa Abdulla Mohamed T1 - Solem Sunshade System N2 - This project completed the design of a portable and adaptive sunshade with automated sun movement compensation that emulates the sun’s natural path throughout the day. The design concept comprises of a closed loop feedback control system where light dependent resistors will be utilized as sensory components sending a microcontroller feedback signals containing information regarding the sun ́s light incident intensity. If the sun ́s light intensity decreases from a pre-specified intensity value, the microcontroller will send a signal to the relevant motor, adjusting the position of the sunshade. Two separate poles will control the movement of the sunshade. The lower pole is fixed and inserted inside a plate, rotating around its own axis dictated by a stepper motor, hence allowing rotation that follows the sun ́s natural azimuth angle. The upper pole is connected to the lower pole through a pin joint and will follow the sun ́s natural elevation angle dictated by a second stepper motor. Aluminium Alloy 6061 was chosen as our pole material due to its relatively high strength to weight ratio in addition to its durability, consequently achieving the desired portability and long lifespan of the product. Assessments conducted throughout this project proved the material’s ability to support the design structure and external loads subject to it. The structure will be foldable and be conveniently carried with a multifunction bag with simple installation steps to make the product user friendly. Initially the product will be tested in Germany and if met with success, will further expand to global markets located in coastal regions. The estimated total price for one unit is 914.99 euros. Our product pitch, design concept, and features are presented in an audio-visual format and is awarded the Science Communication ‘Gold Leaf Prize’ for an outstanding online video presentation on July 6th, 2021 in the category of ‘Audience Choice’. T3 - Study theses in Science Communication - 3 KW - Adaptive KW - Portable and durable sunshade KW - User friendly Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8967 ER - TY - THES A1 - Haaz, Benedikt T1 - Das "Schrems II - Urteil" des Europäischen Gerichtshofes und die Anforderungen an die zusätzlichen Maßnahmen im Datenschutz N2 - Our everyday is ruled by transporting data across the globe. It is unimaginable not being able to communicate around the world nowadays. It is not trivial to find suitable legal grounds for transferring data out of the European Union. The European Commission must declare a country as safe to be able to transfer data in this specific country. It is necessary to follow this principle not to violate any data protection laws. Since the 16th of July 2020 it is not allowed to transfer any data into the United States using the “Privacy Shield” as a legal safeguard due to the judgment of the European Court. There are still methods for legitimizing data transfers such as ”Binding Corporate Rules (BCR’s)” or “Standard contractual clauses”. Those well-known legal safeguards are only available for transferring data into the United States if “additional measures” were taken according to the European Court. To this day no official instance announced what those “additional measures” could be. This bachelor thesis will analysis the problems a possible “additional measure” must face. To achieve this goal the method of literature review will be used. Many older and newer professional article, books, laws and jurisprudence will be researched and analysed to an- ticipate the needs for a “additional measure”. Since the European Court complained in its jurisprudence about the lack of data security due to the enhanced possibilities of the US intelligence authorities inside the United States a possible outcome of this bachelor thesis could be the need to encrypt every data that is been send to the United States. Other possibilities could be to transfer the place where the data is processed into the European Union. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8951 ER - TY - THES A1 - Cojocari, Mihaela T1 - The Impact of Influencer Marketing on Consumer Behaviour N2 - Social media marketing represents a highly effective promotion strategy, however, to achieve the expected success, companies must constantly adapt to emerging changes and trends in this environment. Influencer marketing represents nowadays one of the most popular marketing strategies online. Given its significant expansion, it is necessary to gather a better comprehension of this widespread phenomenon. The present paper aims to explore the impact of influencer marketing on consumer behaviour in order to offer novel insights to the literature on influencer marketing and to provide the practitioners with meaningful knowledge in the domain. Specifically, the research investigates in-depth how this marketing strategy influences the consumer behaviour during the consumer decision making process and how factors of different nature such as influencers’ trustworthiness, consumers’ self-esteem and wishful identification as well as sales promotions affect their behaviour. This study applied an inductive, qualitative approach because of the exploratory nature of the research purpose. The empirical study was conducted by means of semi-structured interviews with ten young female adults from the Republic of Moldova. The interviews concentrated on respondents’ personal experiences and attitudes regarding influencer marketing and it researched particularly the beauty and fashion industries on Instagram. The findings of this study uncovered and explained the buying behaviour patterns of female consumers that appear as a result of influencer marketing influence throughout the consumer decision making process. Beyond this, the findings illustrate how different influencing factors shape the resultant consumer behaviour. Subsequently, appropriate theoretical and practical implications were derived. KW - Influencer marketing KW - Consumer behaviour KW - Instagram influencers KW - Fashion and beauty industry KW - Female consumers Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - THES A1 - Koch, Kerstin T1 - How to communicate UX requirements? Guidelines based on a systematic literature review and interview study N2 - This thesis addresses the question of a suitable way to communicate user requirements to an interdisciplinary team. UX professionals are responsible for communicating user needs and UX requirements in a clear and understandable way so that other team members such as software developers can work in a user-centric way. The thesis examines known forms of requirements specification and identifies possible challenges in communicating user needs with the help of a systematic literature review. Based on design patterns, possible solutions for these problems are developed. In an interview study, these solution proposals are compared with real scenarios and adapted. As a result, the thesis presents nine guidelines that UX professionals can use to communicate user requirements. The idea is to promote a good exchange with the other team members and suitable, short forms of specification. A key point was that these should always convey a reason or the user’s motivation for a requirement to provide meaningful context information to those who have never been in touch with the user. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8843 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 33/2021 Erste Änderungssatzung zur Prüfungsordnung vom 14.08.2019, amtliche Bekanntmachung Nr. 41/2019, für den Bachelorstudiengang Information and Communication Design der Fakultät Kommunikation und Umwelt der Hochschule Rhein-Waal vom 23.06.2021 T3 - Amtliche Bekanntmachungen der Hochschule Rhein-Waal - 2021-33 Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8945 VL - 2021 IS - 33 ER - TY - THES A1 - Jaeger, Celina T1 - Über die Bedeutung von Online-Yoga-Angeboten während der COVID-19-Pandemie als gesundheitsförderndes Instrument N2 - Diese Masterarbeit untersucht die Bedeutung von Online-Yoga-Angeboten als gesundheitsförderndes Instrument unter besonderer Betrachtung der COVID-19-Pandemie. Bei Yoga handelt es sich um eine der ältesten philosophischen Lehren und Methoden, welche unter anderem durch Körperübungen in Verbindung mit kontrollierten Atemübungen die Einheit und Stärkung von Körper, Geist und Seele anstrebt (Schöps 2020, S. 6). Interventionen zur Bekämpfung von COVID-19 führen zu starken Einschränkungen des täglichen Lebens. Besonders Kontaktbeschränkungen, Ausgangssperren sowie Schließungen von Freizeit-, Kultur- und Bildungseinrichtungen führen, je länger diese aufrecht erhalten werden, zu einem deutlichen Anstieg der psychischen Belastungen. Aufgrund der Hygienevorschriften und Schließung von Sporteinrichtungen sind körperliche Bewegungen oder sportliche Aktivitäten meist auf die eigene Häuslichkeit beschränkt. Da das Praktizieren von Yoga in Präsenzkursen durch die viruseindämmenden Maßnahmen nicht mehr möglich ist, werden onlinebasierte Alternativen, wie beispielsweise Yoga-Apps, Videoübertragungen in Echtzeit oder Videos von Videoportalen stärker frequentiert und notwendig. Die Zielsetzung dieser Masterarbeit besteht darin, mit Hilfe einer Online-Umfrage die Forschungsfrage „Wie wirkt sich Online-Yoga in Zeiten von COVID-19 auf die Gesundheit aus?“ zu untersuchen. Die statistischen Ergebnisse zeigen mäßig bis starke psychische Belastungen aufgrund der COVID-19-Pandemie, welche in besonders hohem Maße die Belastungsfaktoren Antriebslosigkeit, Niedergeschlagenheit, Interessenlosigkeit sowie das Gefühl, keine Energie zu haben und Schlafstörungen umfassen. Das Praktizieren von Online-Yoga verhilft bezugnehmend auf diese Belastungsfaktoren zur Linderung und entfaltet insgesamt eine positive, gesundheitsfördernde Wirkung. Darüber hinaus stärkt die Online-Yoga-Praxis die individuellen Fähigkeiten sowie Strategien zur Anpassung und Bewältigung im Hinblick auf die viruseindämmenden Maßnahmen. Mit steigender Dauer und Häufigkeit der Online-Yoga-Praxis geht auch eine größere gesundheitsfördernde Wirkung einher. Außerdem zeichnet sich anhand der Ergebnisse ein gestärktes Gesundheitsbewusstsein ab. Diesbezüglich gilt ebenfalls, je länger Yoga praktiziert wird, desto häufiger liegt die Motivation in der Verbesserung der psychischen und körperlichen Gesundheit begründet. Die Wirkung des Online-Yoga wird als beruhigend, entspannungsfördernd und positiv im Hinblick auf die körperliche Fitness sowie Ausgeglichenheit beschrieben. Es lässt sich demnach schlussfolgern, dass die Inanspruchnahme von Online-Yoga-Interventionen insgesamt eine mindestens genauso effektive und gesundheitsfördernde Wirkung erzielt, wie das Praktizieren in Präsenz-Kursen, in welchen die Yogaübungen durch einen Yogalehrenden angeleitet werden. N2 - This master´s thesis investigates the significance of online yoga offerings as a health-promoting measure with special regard to the COVID-19 pandemic. Yoga is one of the oldest philosophical teachings and methods, which strives for the unity and strengthening of body, mind and spirit through physical exercises in conjunction with controlled breathing exercises (Schöps 2020, p.6). Interventions to combat COVID-19 lead to severe restrictions on daily life. In particular, contact restrictions, curfews and closures of recreational, cultural and educational facilities increase psychological strain the longer they are maintained. Due to hygiene regulations and closure of sports facilities, physical exercises or sports activities are usually limited to one´s own home. Since practicing yoga in face-to-face classes is no longer possible due to virus-containment measures, online-based alternatives, such as yoga-apps, real-time video broadcasts, or videos from video portals, are necessary and becoming more frequented. The objective of this master´s thesis is to use an online survey to investigate the research question, ´What is the impact of online yoga on health in the era of COVID-19?`. The statistical results show moderate to severe psychological strain due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which particularly includes listlessness, dejection, lack of interest, lack of energy and insomnia. The study shows that practicing online yoga helps to alleviate these mental stress factors, having a positive, health promoting overall effect. Furthermore, the online yoga practice strengthens individual skills and strategies for adaption and coping with virus-control measures. With increasing duration and frequency of online yoga practice, comes greater health benefits, as several studies have stated. Moreover, the results indicate a strengthening of health awareness. Referring to this, the longer yoga is practiced, the more often the motivation is based on improving mental and physical health. The effect of online yoga is described as calming, relaxing and positive in terms of physical fitness as well as level-headedness. Concluding ultimately, the right utilization of online yoga interventions is started to be effective and health-promoting, just as practicing in face-to-face classes guided by a yoga teacher is. KW - Gesundheitsförderung KW - Prävention KW - Yoga KW - COVID-19 KW - Online-Yoga Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8593 ER - TY - THES A1 - Mütter, Dominik T1 - Simulation of an OLOID Agitator with OpenFOAM for use in Bioprocesses N2 - Oloids are said to be very energy efficient stirrers, generating low shear rates while providing good mixing for small-to-medium-sized water bodies, which would make them optimal for decreasing energy cost in large installations as well as protecting shear-sensitive microorganisms. Yet oloids are relatively obscure and there are few works dealing with detailed analysis of their flow profile and comparison against standard stirrers. This work tries to add to this topic. In this thesis the potential of deploying oloid stirrers in bioprocesses and wastewater treatment in general is to be probed by computational fluid simulation and compared against a propeller and a Smith turbine (modification of a Rushton turbine). Parameters of interest are flow and pressure profile as well as shear stress. The results show that oloids have much lower shear at their surface compared to both propeller and Smith turbine. The flow is pulsating and in three dimensions, and while the results need verification, it seems like the oloid is well usable for agitation in ungassed bioprocesses, because it can mix a small water body at much lower stirrer speeds than rotating impellers. The application in an actively gassed vessel and whether it is usable for active gas dispersion has not been analysed. Based on data generated by others, the oloid can also be used efficiently as surface aerator in natural open water bodies. KW - Oloid CFD KW - OpenFOAM KW - Bioprocess mixing Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8905 ER - TY - THES A1 - Tran Nguyen, Anh Tho T1 - The influence of zinc sulfate in the fermentation rate of cider under homebrewing conditions N2 - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to first determine the effectiveness of zinc sulfate at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 PPM (Parts Per Million) on the fermentation rate of yeast when brewing cider under homebrewing conditions and to compare it to commercial yeast nutrient. Zinc is an essential mineral for the production of alcohol as it is a co-factor in alcohol dehydrogenase, the enzyme responsible for alcohol production in yeast. The general consensus of zinc levels needed for yeast fermentation is 0.4 – 1.07 PPM (Nicola and Walker, 2011). METHODS: Data was collected using a refractometer of the brews. There were five brews in total, one with yeast nutrient, two with zinc sulfate at 0.5 PPM and two at 1PPM along with their controls. RESULTS: A total of 25 brews, in five groups of five, were performed. The results showed that supplementing the yeast with commercial yeast nutrient significantly improved the fermentation rate, while zinc sulfate at 0.5 and 1PPM showed no significant difference when compared to the controls. CONCLUSIONS: While a certain level of zinc is needed for fermentation, this study did not find supplementing homebrew cider with zinc sulfate to significantly improve the fermentation rate in comparison with control brews. When compared to yeast nutrient, zinc sulfate was not found to improve the fermentation rate. In order to consider whether or not supplementing zinc can improve fermentation in homebrewing, more studies must be conducted with different factors taken into consideration such as the yeast variant, the juice used and the initial concentration of zinc compounds in the juice. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schultner, Sarah T1 - Vertrauen in Künstliche Intelligenz am Beispiel des automatisierten Fahrens N2 - Als ein Bereich der Künstlichen Intelligenz erfährt automatisiertes Fahren immer mehr praktische Anwendung. Eine der wichtigsten Herausforderungen des automatisierten Fahrens ist die Entwicklung des Vertrauens der Fahrenden. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll ein Verständnis darüber schaffen, wie sich dieses Vertrauen erhöhen kann. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der Wirkung anthropomorpher Eigenschaften des Fahrzeugs sowie auf der individuellen Neigung, Maschinen zu vertrauen, im Zusammenhang mit dem Vertrauen in automatisiertes Fahren. Innerhalb eines quantitativen Forschungsdesigns wird mit Hilfe einer onlinebasierten Umfrage das Vertrauen von insgesamt 134 Personen befragt. Eingeteilt werden diese in eine Kontrollgruppe mit 69 Personen und eine Experimentalgruppe mit 65 Personen. Zuerst wird die Neigung, Maschinen zu vertrauen, getestet. Im Anschluss werden vier ausgewählte Einsatzszenarien des vollautomatisierten Fahrens beschrieben und das jeweilige Vertrauen in diese befragt. In der vorliegenden Studie zeigt die Auswertung der Umfrage, dass anthropomorphe Eigenschaften des Fahrzeugs zu keiner Erhöhung des Vertrauens führen. Der Zusammenhang einer allgemein höheren Neigung, Maschinen zu vertrauen, kann hingegen mit dem Vertrauen in automatisierte Fahrzeuge festgestellt werden. Deutlich wird, dass nicht nur das automatisierte Fahrzeug, sondern auch der*die Fahrende selbst bei der Erhöhung des Vertrauens in automatisiertes Fahren eine wesentliche Rolle spielt. Zudem lassen die Ergebnisse auf die wichtige Relevanz von bisherigen Theorien zum Mensch-Maschinen-Vertrauen schließen, die auch beim Vertrauen in Künstliche Intelligenz fokussiert werden sollten. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 32/2021 Erste Änderungssatzung zur Prüfungsordnung vom 10.04.2019, amtliche Bekanntmachung Nr. 33/2019, für den Bachelorstudiengang Medieninformatik der Fakultät Kommunikation und Umwelt an der Hochschule Rhein-Waal vom 14.04.2021 T3 - Amtliche Bekanntmachungen der Hochschule Rhein-Waal - 2021-32 Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8877 VL - 2021 IS - 32 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Li, Jingyao T1 - Die Unterschiede zwischen einem Sicherheitsbeauftragten und einer Fachkraft für Arbeitssicherheit hinsichtlich Ausbildung, Tätigkeit und Verantwortungsbereich N2 - In diesem Arbeitspapier, das an der Fakultät für Life Science der Hochschule Rhein-Waal (Prof. Dr. Kopetz) entstanden ist, werden die Unterschiede zwischen einem Sicherheitsbeauftragten und einer Fachkraft für Arbeitssicherheit hinsichtlich Ausbildung, Tätigkeit und Verantwortungsbereich erörtert und mit genauen Quellenangaben der Rechtsgrundlagen versehen. T3 - Studentische Arbeitspapiere im Bereich Recht - 23 KW - Sicherheitsbeauftragte (SiBe) KW - Fachkraft für Arbeitssicherheit (Sifa) Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8771 ER - TY - THES A1 - Nugroho, David Limanhadi T1 - The impact of light on the activity of PLP-dependent enzymes N2 - Enzymes are important biological catalyst with high chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity. Among the different classes of enzymes, PLP-dependent enzymes are of special interest for industrial biocatalysis due to their wide range of applications. As it is known, that the cofactor PLP is instable under light exposure, the aim of this thesis was to investigate, whether this affects the activity of PLP-dependent enzymes. Therefore, six PLP-dependent enzymes consisting of four amine transaminases from Chromobacterium violaceum (Cv2025), Vibrio fluvialis (VfTA), Bacillus megaterium (BmTA), and an eleven rounds mutated Arthrobacter sp. (AsTAmut11) and two lysine decarboxylases from Escherichia coli (EcLDC) and Selenomonas ruminantium (SrLDC) were analyzed in different natural and artificial light setups. Cv2025, BmTA, and SrLDC have approximately 40%, 30%, and 50% reduced activity in the light compared to dark condition respectively. EcLDC shows highest inactivation of about 90%. VfTA is stable in HEPES buffer but has 50% inactivation in TRIS and KPi buffer. AsTAmut11 is a special case, where there is no inactivation seen in light condition, but the enzyme gains about 30% and more activity over the course of 6 h. This was seen in the dark and light condition. Conclusively, not only light itself effects the enzyme activity, but also the reaction conditions in combination with the light. The whole study proves, that it can be of immense importance to protect some PLP-dependent enzymes from light. Not only during the reaction, but also during the purification procedure. To mediate proper analysis of LDCs, a new photometric assay was developed using the indicator p� nitrophenol, in contrast to the available work intensive HPLC analysis. This indicator covers pH range from 6 to higher than 8 and enables sensitive analysis of cadaverine concentration with high sensitivity below 1 mM. With optimized photometric cadaverine calibration, the photometric assay is a reasonable alternative to HPLC based analysis. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8864 ER - TY - THES A1 - Xu, Jieping T1 - Comparison of MPN, MF method and Raman spectroscopy for detecting Enteric Bacteria in river water N2 - Waterborne diseases such as diarrhea and vomiting are still among the most severe health risks of the global level due to the consumption of contaminated water. Contamination of water by pathogenic microorganisms is a serious threat to human health. If it is not treated promptly and correctly, these waterborne diseases can lead to death. Monitoring contaminated water and ensuring water safety have always been a public concern. The abundance of microorganisms is frequently assessed as an indicator of impaired water quality, with enteric bacteria, such as total coliforms and Escherichia coli (E. coli) being the most common target groups. This report is an evaluation of Most Probable Number (MPN), Membrane Filter (MF) method and Raman spectroscopy used in water samples analysis and highlights some of the advantages and disadvantages of each method and their range of applicability. KW - Surface Water Raman Spectroscopy Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8732 ER - TY - THES A1 - Nitsch, Ellen Sophie T1 - Opportunities and challenges of Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) as a neophyte in temperate climate zones and potential approaches to management in the case of the urban area of Cleve, Germany. N2 - Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), a deciduous, nitrogen fixing tree of the family of the Fabaceae, can create opportunities as well as challenges in the areas it is found in. The gathering of information was done in three ways: 1) online research to gather basic information about the species, 2) communication with the Umweltbetriebe Kleve and the Niederrhein forestry office to obtain information about the situation in Cleve, Germany 3) visits to the different black locust stands to get an understanding of the situation. Black locust is a pioneer species with a short life span and is considered as an invasive neophyte in many European countries due to its strong suckering and ability to advance into habitats which then undergo an irreversible change in soil and species composition leading to biodiversity loss in especially threatened habitats such as dry grasslands. This is opposed by black locusts’ strong biomass production, making it well suited for plantation production, resulting in a strong, durable and fast growing multiuse wood as well as nutritious foliage which can be used as animal fodder or for the production of bioenergy. The 9 visited black locust stands situated in and around Cleve, Germany are well established middle-aged stands not used for the production of high value wood. These stands were considered as not threatening to their adjacent environments due to their being surrounded by streets, waterbodies and well maintained fields and parks making a spread unlikely. As the stands are quite old already letting them fade out by natural succession would be the recommended management method. Should the need for removal present itself, girdling would be the suggested technique as, even though it is quite time intensive, it is the least forceful method and thus minimises the possibility of a strong suckering reaction. In conclusion it can be said, that its usage and management system strongly depend on the location and closeness to threatened habitats, considering that, the environmental aspect should always be put before the economic benefits. KW - Robinia pseudoacacia KW - Black locust KW - Invasive neophyte KW - Cleve KW - Opportunities and challenges Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8720 ER - TY - THES A1 - K C, Manoj T1 - Material uses of nut and other fruit shells N2 - This review paper focused on the potential uses of nut and fruit shells. Based on the information from several kinds of literature, the composition of nut and fruit shells were studied, and the shells demonstrated the possibility to produce a wide range of materials such as bio-adsorbent like activated carbon; construction materials like concrete block, earth block, bricks, cement, etc.; and bio-composites like WPC, bio-plastic, etc. Besides these antimicrobials, drugs, insecticides, nanoparticles, and impact-resistant materials could be prepared from nut and fruit shells. Moreover, the production process for these materials was explained in the later part of the paper. Also, the yield, cost, and performance of materials prepared from nut and fruit shells were discussed and found that some of the products were as good as commercially available materials. The environmental impact being one of the important parts, materials from nut and fruit shells had a beneficial impact on nature. However, the entire life cycle assessment suggested that better techniques are required to attain a lower negative impact on the ecosystem. Since nut and fruit shells were the easy and low-cost raw material, they had a greater chance of replacing other expensive, non-environment-friendly raw materials and their products. Overall, this research shed light on the material use of nut and fruit shells along with its benefits; production process; material yield, cost, and performance; with possible implications and recommendations that can lead to better utilization of biological resources. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8755 ER - TY - THES A1 - Nidola, Marta T1 - Frass upcycling: study on the properties of frass and its use as fertilizer and soil amendment in agriculture N2 - Frass, as by-product of the emerging insect market, has been used as fertiliser worldwide. However, the impacts on soil microbial community structure and activity have been not yet well characterized. The aim of this study was to assess the effects that frass from black soldier fly reared on 3 different diets may cause when applied fresh and dried (70°C) on a sandy loam soil, in 2 application rates (0.2 and 2% w/w). For that, frass was chemically characterized before a 28-days incubation, at the end of which samples were analysed from the chemical and biological point of view. It was found that thermal treatments and diets didn’t vary significantly in microbiota stimulation, even though a chemical analysis would suggest the potential for enriched-frass from pig effluent and wheat bran to encourage microorganisms differently from beer & coffee diet. Furthermore, fresh frass contrarily to what expected didn’t contribute with living microorganisms to enhance microbial activity and growth. However, a difference was reported for the application rates, with the 2% leading to more mineralisation than control. A trend for 2% dried frass from B&C was found, indicating the establishment of an efficient community of fungi slowly mineralizing recalcitrant and exhausted frass. Results indicate that more studies testing application rates ranging between 2 and 2.5% have to be conducted. In fact, there is evidence that BSFF between the mentioned application rates could enhance a fast microbial growth leading to a substantial mineralisation of frass, thus availability of nutrients in the short and long term. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - THES A1 - Jang, Harim T1 - Data visualisation platform for individuals N2 - Various companies have been collecting people's digital footprint by offering free digital services to them. People are aware of it vaguely, it is difficult for them to see what actually the companies have or its value. According to the General Data Protection Regulation, finally, individuals can request their collected data from the companies. Nevertheless, the data has been offered as machine-readable files mostly that individuals cannot understand. Thus, a data visualisation application for individuals was designed to improve these problems in this project. The application was built as low fidelity and high fidelity prototypes and tested with 10 participants through remote usability tests to explore its possibility. In the tests, the target users showed their positive interest in the concept and visual design. Consequently, it clearly showed its potential to improve the situation. However, some participants seemed to worry about sharing their data for donating, or unsatisfied with the basic level of data visualisation. To cope with these issues and to have a better effect, some improvement of interface design, additional introduction screens and advanced data visualisation was suggested as a further improvement for the future. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8558 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bozdemir, Kültigin T1 - CO2 Emission Analysis of ALTANA AG: Geospatial and graph analysis to set a benchmark for CO2 emission calculations N2 - In 2019, Rhein-Waal University of Applied Sciences and ALTANA AG, a global leader in true specialty chemicals, initiated a project in cooperation to analyze the outbound transportation CO2 footprint from the European facilities of ALTANA AG. Since the distance is the main driver for CO2 emissions, methods were introduced to have shortest route distances after clustering of ALTANA’s shipments in space and time. This thesis aims to demonstrate methods to set benchmarks for distances or indirectly CO2 emissions. Besides complex distance calculations like Travelling Salesperson and Vehicle Routing Problems, a recommender system was also created for sea shipments. Last but not least, a simulation of social learning of consignees in a graph was also demonstrated. Geospatial and graph theory analyses were accomplished mostly with open-source tools. The main tools were PostGIS, Pysal, Geopandas, QGIS, pgRouting, Vrpy, and NetworkX. Jupyter Notebook files were also accompanied by chapters in this thesis that allow the readers to reproduce the results. The thesis provides an approach and methods for setting benchmarks for the CO2 emissions with open-source tools that ALTANA would have more bargaining power against its shipping service providers to encourage them for less CO2 emissions. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8139 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ezeobi-Chris, Chimaobi T1 - Quantification of carbon rhizodeposition of different biomes and arable crops from above- and below-ground biomass N2 - As more global warming data become increasingly available, climate change has become one of today’s greatest environmental threats. Terrestrial ecosystem plays an essential part in the uptake of “greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as Nitrous oxide (N2O), Methane (CH4) and Carbon dioxide (CO2)” through photosynthetic sequestration of atmospheric CO2 released from fossil fuel emission, cement manufacturing and deforestation. Rhizodeposits is the released carbon from the root rhizosphere containing a large amount of carbon, essential nutrients and organic compounds. This process is known as rhizodeposition and is often quantified as carbon derived from rhizodeposition (CdfR). This thesis aims to review selected existing literature on above and below-ground biomass carbon (AGB-C and BGB-C) inputs which were used to quantify the carbon sequestration of rhizodeposits in the below-ground biomass (BGB) of different terrestrial ecosystem biomes in the world and to know where the carbon sequestration is lacking the most. Measurement of rhizodeposition in the soil is mostly carried out in the laboratory involving the use of tracing root-derived C by isotopic and non-isotopic techniques, but in this thesis, about 60 papers from different sources were reviewed, and data on above- and below-ground biomass carbon were collected to quantify the C rhizodeposition in the terrestrial ecosystem biomes. The carbon content of the dry weight biomass was estimated by multiplying the above-ground biomass (AGB) and below-ground biomass (BGB) by 0.45. The C-rhizodeposition from the BGB-C was calculated by multiplying the BGB-C by 0.5. Quantification of global C stored in the biomes, including arable crops, was quantified by multiplying the world land area of different biomes with average AGB-C and BGB-C. The estimated values of the mean, median and range of AGB-C, BGB-C and C-rhizodeposition of different biomes (tropical forest, boreal forest, temperate forest, temperate grassland, tropical grassland) and arable crops were reported in this paper. The global C-storage of above- and below-ground of different biomes and arable crops were also quantified. The values were 210, 116, 93, 7.4, 47.2 in Gt C for the tropical forest, boreal forest, temperate forest, temperate grassland, tropical grassland, and 2.4 Gt C for below-ground arable crops only. Even though the comparison between these ecosystems might be an issue because different methods were used in evaluating the above- and below-ground vegetations plant, which in turn can influence the final quantity of C allocated in above- and below-ground biomass, the findings from this thesis for the biomes show that tropical forest has the highest C stored below ground while arable crops have the least. KW - Rhizodeposition KW - Above and below ground KW - Different biomes Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - THES A1 - Erfkämper, Svenja T1 - Growth Rates of different Poplar Clones in Central Asia N2 - Land degradation and especially the degradation of cropland is of great environmental concern worldwide. This problem is prevalent in the Central Asian countries as well. A viable solution for this and further environmental issues would be the cultivation of a fast-growing tree species, such as poplar. Several poplar cultivars were tested on plots in Almaty, Bishkek and Khorog. The performance of the trees was assessed by investigating growth in terms of height and diameter, death rate, being bent down, pest infestation, and phenology. The influence of environmental conditions and the influence of genotype were discussed. Both factors significantly influenced height, diameter at breast height and Death Rate. For basal diameter and diameter in 2m height, the location was the single influencing variable. For characteristic of being bent down, cultivar was the single influencing variable. For the percentage of trees that were infested by pest as well as for the extend of pest infestation none of the factors were seen as having an influence. Even though there are some bio-physical and socio-economic constraints, there are many opportunities for the cultivation of poplars in Central Asia. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ade, Carolin T1 - Bedeutung des CT-Wertes für die Epidemiologie und den klinischen Stellenwert beim pandemischen neuen Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 - Semiquantifizierung mittels Polymerase-Kettenreaktion N2 - Einleitung: Derzeitig ist die PCR die zuverlässigste und sensitivste Nachweismethode einer Infektion mit dem neuen Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Die real-time PCR bietet die Möglichkeit einer Semiquantifizierung der Viruslast über die Interpretation des cycle-threshold (CT)-Wertes. Dieser gibt die Anzahl der PCR Zyklen an die nötig sind, um ein Fluoreszenzsignal der Patientenprobe zu detektieren. In dieser Arbeit wurden die CT-Werte der SARS-CoV-2-PCR untersucht und die Ergebnisse mit demographischen Daten der Patienten korreliert. Methoden: Es wurden die CT-Werte der positiv getesteten Proben retrospektiv vom 15. März bis 15. September 2020 ausgewertet. Abstriche der Patienten wurden in 500 μl 0,9-prozentiger Salzlösung ausgewaschen. Virale RNA wurde im MagNA Pure 96 mittels des „DNA and viral NA small volume“ Kit extrahiert. Die RT-PCR erfolgte im Rotor Gene Q mit 45 PCR Zyklen. Der CT-Wert des S-Gen jeder positiven Probe sowie der CT-Wert der positiven Kontrollen wurde dokumentiert. Statistische Analysen erfolgten unter anderem mit dem Mann-Whitney U-Test, dem t-Test, dem F-Test, der ANOVA und dem Bonferroni post-hoc Test. Ergebnisse: Im Untersuchungszeitraum wurden insgesamt 65.878 Patienten über Nasopharynx-Abstriche auf das neue SARS-CoV-2 untersucht. Davon wurden 1.103 (1,7%) Proben mittels RT-PCR positiv getestet. Auf Grund der Berechnung der Fehlergrenzen wurden nur Proben mit einem CT-Wert der positiven Kontrolle zwischen 25,10 und 29,70 ausgewertet. Daher wurden 26 Proben exkludiert und 1.077 positive Proben zur Auswertung herangezogen. Von den untersuchten Patienten waren 566 (52,5%) weiblich und 511 (47,4%) männlich, 944 (87,6%) Proben wurden ambulant und 133 (12,3%) stationär entnommen. Positiv getestete Frauen waren signifikant älter als Männer (50,93 versus 45,04 Jahre; P=0,006) und hatten einen geringfügig höheren CT-Wert (25,44 versus 24,77; P=0,04). Die CT-Werte der stationär und ambulant entnommenen Proben wiesen keine signifikanten Unterschiede auf (25,80 versus 25,03; P=0,1), wobei stationäre Patienten signifikant älter waren (55,11 versus 47,15 Jahre; P<0,0001). Im Vergleich der Altersgruppen wiesen lediglich die Gruppe der über 80-jährigen signifikant höhere CT-Werte auf (P<0,001). 39 von 79 (49,4%) CT-Werten von Kindern und Jugendlichen waren kleiner oder gleich 24 und waren damit infektiös. Nur 3 von 79 Kindern (3,8%) und Jugendlichen im Vergleich zu 130 von 998 Erwachsenen (13,0%) wurden stationär behandelt. Der longitudinale Vergleich der CT-Werte zeigte keine signifikanten Schwankungen im Analyse- Zeitraum. Fazit: CT-Werte eignen sich zu einer detaillierteren Überwachung der SARS-CoV-2 Pandemie. Das Alter wie auch das Geschlecht sind wichtige Co-Faktoren bei SARS-CoV-2 positiven Patienten und kann Einfluss auf die CT-Werte in der SARS-CoV-2-PCR haben. Kinder haben nach dieser Studie eine vergleichbare Infektiosität zu Erwachsenen. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8205 ER -