TY - THES A1 - Mütter, Dominik T1 - Simulation of an OLOID Agitator with OpenFOAM for use in Bioprocesses N2 - Oloids are said to be very energy efficient stirrers, generating low shear rates while providing good mixing for small-to-medium-sized water bodies, which would make them optimal for decreasing energy cost in large installations as well as protecting shear-sensitive microorganisms. Yet oloids are relatively obscure and there are few works dealing with detailed analysis of their flow profile and comparison against standard stirrers. This work tries to add to this topic. In this thesis the potential of deploying oloid stirrers in bioprocesses and wastewater treatment in general is to be probed by computational fluid simulation and compared against a propeller and a Smith turbine (modification of a Rushton turbine). Parameters of interest are flow and pressure profile as well as shear stress. The results show that oloids have much lower shear at their surface compared to both propeller and Smith turbine. The flow is pulsating and in three dimensions, and while the results need verification, it seems like the oloid is well usable for agitation in ungassed bioprocesses, because it can mix a small water body at much lower stirrer speeds than rotating impellers. The application in an actively gassed vessel and whether it is usable for active gas dispersion has not been analysed. Based on data generated by others, the oloid can also be used efficiently as surface aerator in natural open water bodies. KW - Oloid CFD KW - OpenFOAM KW - Bioprocess mixing Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8905 ER - TY - THES A1 - Tran Nguyen, Anh Tho T1 - The influence of zinc sulfate in the fermentation rate of cider under homebrewing conditions N2 - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to first determine the effectiveness of zinc sulfate at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 PPM (Parts Per Million) on the fermentation rate of yeast when brewing cider under homebrewing conditions and to compare it to commercial yeast nutrient. Zinc is an essential mineral for the production of alcohol as it is a co-factor in alcohol dehydrogenase, the enzyme responsible for alcohol production in yeast. The general consensus of zinc levels needed for yeast fermentation is 0.4 – 1.07 PPM (Nicola and Walker, 2011). METHODS: Data was collected using a refractometer of the brews. There were five brews in total, one with yeast nutrient, two with zinc sulfate at 0.5 PPM and two at 1PPM along with their controls. RESULTS: A total of 25 brews, in five groups of five, were performed. The results showed that supplementing the yeast with commercial yeast nutrient significantly improved the fermentation rate, while zinc sulfate at 0.5 and 1PPM showed no significant difference when compared to the controls. CONCLUSIONS: While a certain level of zinc is needed for fermentation, this study did not find supplementing homebrew cider with zinc sulfate to significantly improve the fermentation rate in comparison with control brews. When compared to yeast nutrient, zinc sulfate was not found to improve the fermentation rate. In order to consider whether or not supplementing zinc can improve fermentation in homebrewing, more studies must be conducted with different factors taken into consideration such as the yeast variant, the juice used and the initial concentration of zinc compounds in the juice. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schultner, Sarah T1 - Vertrauen in Künstliche Intelligenz am Beispiel des automatisierten Fahrens N2 - Als ein Bereich der Künstlichen Intelligenz erfährt automatisiertes Fahren immer mehr praktische Anwendung. Eine der wichtigsten Herausforderungen des automatisierten Fahrens ist die Entwicklung des Vertrauens der Fahrenden. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll ein Verständnis darüber schaffen, wie sich dieses Vertrauen erhöhen kann. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der Wirkung anthropomorpher Eigenschaften des Fahrzeugs sowie auf der individuellen Neigung, Maschinen zu vertrauen, im Zusammenhang mit dem Vertrauen in automatisiertes Fahren. Innerhalb eines quantitativen Forschungsdesigns wird mit Hilfe einer onlinebasierten Umfrage das Vertrauen von insgesamt 134 Personen befragt. Eingeteilt werden diese in eine Kontrollgruppe mit 69 Personen und eine Experimentalgruppe mit 65 Personen. Zuerst wird die Neigung, Maschinen zu vertrauen, getestet. Im Anschluss werden vier ausgewählte Einsatzszenarien des vollautomatisierten Fahrens beschrieben und das jeweilige Vertrauen in diese befragt. In der vorliegenden Studie zeigt die Auswertung der Umfrage, dass anthropomorphe Eigenschaften des Fahrzeugs zu keiner Erhöhung des Vertrauens führen. Der Zusammenhang einer allgemein höheren Neigung, Maschinen zu vertrauen, kann hingegen mit dem Vertrauen in automatisierte Fahrzeuge festgestellt werden. Deutlich wird, dass nicht nur das automatisierte Fahrzeug, sondern auch der*die Fahrende selbst bei der Erhöhung des Vertrauens in automatisiertes Fahren eine wesentliche Rolle spielt. Zudem lassen die Ergebnisse auf die wichtige Relevanz von bisherigen Theorien zum Mensch-Maschinen-Vertrauen schließen, die auch beim Vertrauen in Künstliche Intelligenz fokussiert werden sollten. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 32/2021 Erste Änderungssatzung zur Prüfungsordnung vom 10.04.2019, amtliche Bekanntmachung Nr. 33/2019, für den Bachelorstudiengang Medieninformatik der Fakultät Kommunikation und Umwelt an der Hochschule Rhein-Waal vom 14.04.2021 T3 - Amtliche Bekanntmachungen der Hochschule Rhein-Waal - 2021-32 Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8877 VL - 2021 IS - 32 ER - TY - THES A1 - Taduri, Ajay Kumar T1 - Meso-FE Modeling of Woven Fabric to Establish the Effects of Frictional Contact between Yarns N2 - Meso scale modeling has enormous impact on outcome of final composite material. For better understanding, immense research is carried, and state of the art literature review is presented in this thesis. For geometric modeling, a meso scale model of 2x2 Twill weave pattern is imported from TexGen software. Hypo elastic constitutive model is developed for material modeling of the yarn. Inter-yarn frictional behavior is thoroughly analyzed to explore the effects of different frictional models and contact types, to produce a cost-effective process on the outcome of final composite product. For an efficient investigation, a meso-finite elemental analysis is performed by replicating picture frame test virtually in Abaqus/Explicit solver. Suitable contact formulation and multiple friction models are used to input the frictional parameters on meso scale model. Finally, the simulation results are then validated by comparing between corresponding contact algorithms and frictional models. Objective of this thesis: The main objective is to determine the mechanical properties, concentrating on effects of friction of a Twill pattern weave by performing virtual simulations by replicating picture frame test (PFT). Solution process: Adequate literature research is accomplished for better understanding of concepts of simulation. In material modeling, hypo elastic material is defined for material properties is imported through VUMAT. Multiple frictional models, including VFRIC and VFRICTION are added to the model to define frictional behavior. In-plane shear deformations are calculated by numerical simulations virtually in Abaqus/Explicit solver and then results are examined. Key Results: Satisfied simulation results are obtained as expected. The frictional behavior between yarns is sensitive to contact algorithms and friction models, and quality of material modeling. The shear locking phenomenon is captured beyond 55-degree shear angle and observed that regardless of value of coefficient of friction yarns, the type of frictional models influences simulation results and force values. KW - Meso scale modeling KW - Woven textiles KW - 2x2 Twill model KW - Inter-yarn friction KW - Periodic boundary conditions KW - Contact algorithm Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-5931 ER - TY - THES A1 - Klose, Marian T1 - Optimierung der Krebstherapie durch Inhibition von MDR1 N2 - MDR1 (Multidrug Resistance Protein 1) stellt ein Membranprotein dar, welches das Ziel hat, den Körper vor Toxinen und Xenobiotika zu schützen. Dieser Schutzmechanismus kann sich allerdings erheblich auf die Chemotherapie auswirken, indem Wirkstoffe aus der Zielzelle heraustransportiert werden. Da der Effekt von MDR1 in einigen Fällen unerwünscht ist, kommt es zum Einsatz von Inhibitoren. Diese lassen sich je nach Toxizität und Herkunft in verschiedene Kategorien einteilen. Diese Arbeit gibt zunächst einen wissenschaftlichen Hintergrund. Zuerst werden Multiwirkstoffresistenzen im allgemeinen beschrieben, bevor MDR1 genauer beleuchtet wird. Danach werden verschiedene Bereiche der Krebserkrankung erläutert, um im Anschluss die unterschiedlichen Klassen der Inhibitoren vorzustellen. Die Diskussion schildert schlussendlich sowohl Chancen als auch Risiken der Inhibition und setzt diese in ein Verhältnis. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass es in der Chemotherapie vermehrt zu Wirkstoffresistenzen kommt. Krebszellen adaptieren und ändern ihre Genexpression, sodass altbewährte Medikamente nicht mehr greifen. Die Inhibition könnte dies umkehren, bringt aber zusätzliche Nebenwirkungen mit sich, sodass sich keine klare Empfehlung zugunsten der Inhibition von MDR1 geben lässt. KW - Krebs KW - MDR1 KW - P-Glykoprotein KW - Optimierung Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-4427 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hartmann, Sören T1 - Regulation of dendritic migration in response to BCG N2 - As tuberculosis is still the number one leading cause of death in humans due to a single infectious agent, prevention of infection is a key tactic in fighting it. Even though the vaccine BCG exists for tuberculosis since the beginning of the 20thcen-tury, it lacks efficacy and does not provide sustainable protection. An important step to develop a long-term immunity is the expansion of antigen-specific T cells in the lymph node. For T-cell priming to occur, the pathogen and/or its antigen has to be transported from the site of infection to the T-cell zone of the draining lymph node. This step is done by migratory Dendritic cells (DCs). DCs reside as sentinels in tis-sue, where after pathogen encounter, internalize the pathogen, process its antigens and migrate to the draining lymph node. Using a modified protocol, developed by Bollampali et al. (2015), during a previous study done Dr. Rothfuchs team, we investigated the mechanisms involved in the migration of DCs after injection of BCG. For this we injected mice with different inhibitors and recep-tor antagonists. It is worth mentioning that in a yet unpublished previous work we in-hibited the enzymes COX-1 and COX-2 systemically, using indomethacin, and showed a decreased number of DCs migrating to the draining popliteal lymph node after BCG in-jection compared to mice not injected with the inhibitor. Following our experiment, we decided to investigate the receptors of one of the down-stream products of COX, PGE2 and the corresponding receptors EP2 and EP4. Based on other studies two of the four receptors of PGE2, EP2 and EP4, are important for the mi-gration of DCs. We then injected mice with antagonists for these two either separate or simultaneously. Even though their affinities and the sustainability of the reaction caus-ing PGE2signalling are different, both receptors were able to compensate for each other, but a decreased number of DCs were found in the lymph node when both antagonists were injected. This and the results of the COX inhibition suggest a role for PGE2 on DC migration. Based on these results we decided to look at MMP-9, a molecule regulated by PGE2 sig-nalling. However, inhibition of MMP-9 in our model did not impact on DC migration. It is unclear if treatment with the MMP-9 inhibitor used failed or if MMP-9 is indeed not important in BCG-triggered DC migration. In conclusion in this thesis we show a role for EP2 and EP4 on DC migration after BCG injection but failed to show the same for MMP-9. Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-4969 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Li, Jingyao T1 - Die Unterschiede zwischen einem Sicherheitsbeauftragten und einer Fachkraft für Arbeitssicherheit hinsichtlich Ausbildung, Tätigkeit und Verantwortungsbereich N2 - In diesem Arbeitspapier, das an der Fakultät für Life Science der Hochschule Rhein-Waal (Prof. Dr. Kopetz) entstanden ist, werden die Unterschiede zwischen einem Sicherheitsbeauftragten und einer Fachkraft für Arbeitssicherheit hinsichtlich Ausbildung, Tätigkeit und Verantwortungsbereich erörtert und mit genauen Quellenangaben der Rechtsgrundlagen versehen. T3 - Studentische Arbeitspapiere im Bereich Recht - 23 KW - Sicherheitsbeauftragte (SiBe) KW - Fachkraft für Arbeitssicherheit (Sifa) Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8771 ER - TY - THES A1 - Nugroho, David Limanhadi T1 - The impact of light on the activity of PLP-dependent enzymes N2 - Enzymes are important biological catalyst with high chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity. Among the different classes of enzymes, PLP-dependent enzymes are of special interest for industrial biocatalysis due to their wide range of applications. As it is known, that the cofactor PLP is instable under light exposure, the aim of this thesis was to investigate, whether this affects the activity of PLP-dependent enzymes. Therefore, six PLP-dependent enzymes consisting of four amine transaminases from Chromobacterium violaceum (Cv2025), Vibrio fluvialis (VfTA), Bacillus megaterium (BmTA), and an eleven rounds mutated Arthrobacter sp. (AsTAmut11) and two lysine decarboxylases from Escherichia coli (EcLDC) and Selenomonas ruminantium (SrLDC) were analyzed in different natural and artificial light setups. Cv2025, BmTA, and SrLDC have approximately 40%, 30%, and 50% reduced activity in the light compared to dark condition respectively. EcLDC shows highest inactivation of about 90%. VfTA is stable in HEPES buffer but has 50% inactivation in TRIS and KPi buffer. AsTAmut11 is a special case, where there is no inactivation seen in light condition, but the enzyme gains about 30% and more activity over the course of 6 h. This was seen in the dark and light condition. Conclusively, not only light itself effects the enzyme activity, but also the reaction conditions in combination with the light. The whole study proves, that it can be of immense importance to protect some PLP-dependent enzymes from light. Not only during the reaction, but also during the purification procedure. To mediate proper analysis of LDCs, a new photometric assay was developed using the indicator p� nitrophenol, in contrast to the available work intensive HPLC analysis. This indicator covers pH range from 6 to higher than 8 and enables sensitive analysis of cadaverine concentration with high sensitivity below 1 mM. With optimized photometric cadaverine calibration, the photometric assay is a reasonable alternative to HPLC based analysis. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8864 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hoffmann, Annika T1 - Prüfung eines Anlagenreinigungsprozesses in der Kosmetikindustrie und vergleichende Analyse der Wirksamkeit der eingesetzten Reinigungsmittel und Desinfektionsmittel N2 - Kosmetika haben einen hohen Stellenwert in unserer heutigen Gesellschaft und der pro Kopf Konsum der immer vielfältiger werdenden Produkte wächst stetig an. Um einen hohen Sicherheits- und Qualitätsstandard des Kosmetikums zu gewährleisten, ist die Sauberkeit der Produktionsanlage fundamental [IKW, 2019; DIN EN ISO 22716: 2008]. Die chemischen und mikrobiologischen Parameter, welche das Reinigungsergebnis beeinflussen, wurden am Beispiel der Tubenabfüllanlage der bb med. product GmbH untersucht und bewertet. Die chemische Rückstandsanalyse, welche mittels pH-Wert Messung der letzten Spülflotte durchgeführt wurde, diente dem Nachweis von Peressigsäurerückständen. Die Messergebnisse lieferten keinen Verdacht auf gesundheitsgefährdende Rückstände in der Produktionsanlage. Der mikrobiologische Zustand der Anlagenoberflächen wurde mittels Tupferverfahren überprüft. Die Auswertung zeigte, dass die Oberflächenkeimzahl gegenüber dem Richtwert um ein Vielfaches erhöht war. Die Wirksamkeit der eingesetzten Prozesschemikalien wurde in praxisnahen Versuchen ermittelt, bei denen Polyvinylchlorid-Oberflächen und Edelstahloberflächen artifiziell mit verschiedenen Matrices aus Sheabutter und Rinderblutserum kontaminiert wurden, in welche die Prüfkeime Staphylococcus aureus und Pseudomonas aeruginosa eingebettet wurden. Die Simulation verschiedener Anwendungsbedingungen zeigte signifikante Korrelationen zwischen dem Reduktionsfaktor, der Beschaffenheit des Oberflächenmaterials und der Art der Anschmutzung. Auf Edelstahl ließen sich konstant höhere Reduktionen erzielen als auf den PVC-Oberflächen. Des Weiteren konnte die fetthaltige Sheabutter Kontamination mit einer verminderten Wirksamkeit der Reinigungsmittel und insbesondere der Desinfektionsmittel assoziiert werden. Der zusätzliche Einfluss mechanischer Energie trug nicht eindeutig zur Steigerung der Reduktionsleistung bei. Zwischen den geprüften Desinfektionsmitteln auf der Basis von Glutaraldehyd, Isopropanol und Peressigsäure konnten keine signifikanten Wirkungsunterschiede festgestellt werden. Das alkalische Reinigungsmittel, welches auf Alkohol- und Alkoholethoxylatbasiert, wies in einigen Versuchsreigen mit P. aeruginosa eine signifikant höhere Wirksamkeit als Sodium-Laureth-Sulfat und Sodium-Coco-Sulfat auf. Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-5378 ER - TY - THES A1 - Gondokusumo, Jasmine T1 - The Impact of Commoditization on Competitor Landscapes and Measures to Win the Power Play (A case study of vitamin D3 industry) N2 - Synthetic vitamin industry is commoditizing. Vitamin companies should be aware of the commoditization phenomenon in order to stay competitive. By knowing the right strategy, vitamin producers can retain market share and still maintain profit in a commoditizing market. There is an increasing competition from the new entrants. Most of them are coming from Asian countries with the advantage of lower production cost. As a result, they oversupply the market with lower price products and change the product value proposition. They take incumbents’ market share gradually, starting from the mass market. This thesis utilized qualitative approach to examine the problem. The author conducted interviews with representatives from BASF to provide internal perspectives, and BASF’s customer to provide external perspective. In order to assess the countermeasure that has been done by other companies, comparative case studies was deployed. Vitamin C industry case study was used as a base to understand the commoditization in vitamin D3 industry. As a result, similar commoditization pattern can be seen in vitamin D3 industry. However, vitamin D3 industry is not commoditizing at the same pace as vitamin C industry due to different market size and complexity of production. In the formulation stage, commoditization rate of vitamin D3 product depends on the product form. The strategies to face commoditization revolved around the aspects of positioning, relationship, image, efficiency, pricing and innovation. KW - Commoditization Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - THES A1 - Xu, Jieping T1 - Comparison of MPN, MF method and Raman spectroscopy for detecting Enteric Bacteria in river water N2 - Waterborne diseases such as diarrhea and vomiting are still among the most severe health risks of the global level due to the consumption of contaminated water. Contamination of water by pathogenic microorganisms is a serious threat to human health. If it is not treated promptly and correctly, these waterborne diseases can lead to death. Monitoring contaminated water and ensuring water safety have always been a public concern. The abundance of microorganisms is frequently assessed as an indicator of impaired water quality, with enteric bacteria, such as total coliforms and Escherichia coli (E. coli) being the most common target groups. This report is an evaluation of Most Probable Number (MPN), Membrane Filter (MF) method and Raman spectroscopy used in water samples analysis and highlights some of the advantages and disadvantages of each method and their range of applicability. KW - Surface Water Raman Spectroscopy Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8732 ER - TY - THES A1 - Nitsch, Ellen Sophie T1 - Opportunities and challenges of Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) as a neophyte in temperate climate zones and potential approaches to management in the case of the urban area of Cleve, Germany. N2 - Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), a deciduous, nitrogen fixing tree of the family of the Fabaceae, can create opportunities as well as challenges in the areas it is found in. The gathering of information was done in three ways: 1) online research to gather basic information about the species, 2) communication with the Umweltbetriebe Kleve and the Niederrhein forestry office to obtain information about the situation in Cleve, Germany 3) visits to the different black locust stands to get an understanding of the situation. Black locust is a pioneer species with a short life span and is considered as an invasive neophyte in many European countries due to its strong suckering and ability to advance into habitats which then undergo an irreversible change in soil and species composition leading to biodiversity loss in especially threatened habitats such as dry grasslands. This is opposed by black locusts’ strong biomass production, making it well suited for plantation production, resulting in a strong, durable and fast growing multiuse wood as well as nutritious foliage which can be used as animal fodder or for the production of bioenergy. The 9 visited black locust stands situated in and around Cleve, Germany are well established middle-aged stands not used for the production of high value wood. These stands were considered as not threatening to their adjacent environments due to their being surrounded by streets, waterbodies and well maintained fields and parks making a spread unlikely. As the stands are quite old already letting them fade out by natural succession would be the recommended management method. Should the need for removal present itself, girdling would be the suggested technique as, even though it is quite time intensive, it is the least forceful method and thus minimises the possibility of a strong suckering reaction. In conclusion it can be said, that its usage and management system strongly depend on the location and closeness to threatened habitats, considering that, the environmental aspect should always be put before the economic benefits. KW - Robinia pseudoacacia KW - Black locust KW - Invasive neophyte KW - Cleve KW - Opportunities and challenges Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8720 ER - TY - THES A1 - K C, Manoj T1 - Material uses of nut and other fruit shells N2 - This review paper focused on the potential uses of nut and fruit shells. Based on the information from several kinds of literature, the composition of nut and fruit shells were studied, and the shells demonstrated the possibility to produce a wide range of materials such as bio-adsorbent like activated carbon; construction materials like concrete block, earth block, bricks, cement, etc.; and bio-composites like WPC, bio-plastic, etc. Besides these antimicrobials, drugs, insecticides, nanoparticles, and impact-resistant materials could be prepared from nut and fruit shells. Moreover, the production process for these materials was explained in the later part of the paper. Also, the yield, cost, and performance of materials prepared from nut and fruit shells were discussed and found that some of the products were as good as commercially available materials. The environmental impact being one of the important parts, materials from nut and fruit shells had a beneficial impact on nature. However, the entire life cycle assessment suggested that better techniques are required to attain a lower negative impact on the ecosystem. Since nut and fruit shells were the easy and low-cost raw material, they had a greater chance of replacing other expensive, non-environment-friendly raw materials and their products. Overall, this research shed light on the material use of nut and fruit shells along with its benefits; production process; material yield, cost, and performance; with possible implications and recommendations that can lead to better utilization of biological resources. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8755 ER - TY - THES A1 - Nidola, Marta T1 - Frass upcycling: study on the properties of frass and its use as fertilizer and soil amendment in agriculture N2 - Frass, as by-product of the emerging insect market, has been used as fertiliser worldwide. However, the impacts on soil microbial community structure and activity have been not yet well characterized. The aim of this study was to assess the effects that frass from black soldier fly reared on 3 different diets may cause when applied fresh and dried (70°C) on a sandy loam soil, in 2 application rates (0.2 and 2% w/w). For that, frass was chemically characterized before a 28-days incubation, at the end of which samples were analysed from the chemical and biological point of view. It was found that thermal treatments and diets didn’t vary significantly in microbiota stimulation, even though a chemical analysis would suggest the potential for enriched-frass from pig effluent and wheat bran to encourage microorganisms differently from beer & coffee diet. Furthermore, fresh frass contrarily to what expected didn’t contribute with living microorganisms to enhance microbial activity and growth. However, a difference was reported for the application rates, with the 2% leading to more mineralisation than control. A trend for 2% dried frass from B&C was found, indicating the establishment of an efficient community of fungi slowly mineralizing recalcitrant and exhausted frass. Results indicate that more studies testing application rates ranging between 2 and 2.5% have to be conducted. In fact, there is evidence that BSFF between the mentioned application rates could enhance a fast microbial growth leading to a substantial mineralisation of frass, thus availability of nutrients in the short and long term. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - THES A1 - Jang, Harim T1 - Data visualisation platform for individuals N2 - Various companies have been collecting people's digital footprint by offering free digital services to them. People are aware of it vaguely, it is difficult for them to see what actually the companies have or its value. According to the General Data Protection Regulation, finally, individuals can request their collected data from the companies. Nevertheless, the data has been offered as machine-readable files mostly that individuals cannot understand. Thus, a data visualisation application for individuals was designed to improve these problems in this project. The application was built as low fidelity and high fidelity prototypes and tested with 10 participants through remote usability tests to explore its possibility. In the tests, the target users showed their positive interest in the concept and visual design. Consequently, it clearly showed its potential to improve the situation. However, some participants seemed to worry about sharing their data for donating, or unsatisfied with the basic level of data visualisation. To cope with these issues and to have a better effect, some improvement of interface design, additional introduction screens and advanced data visualisation was suggested as a further improvement for the future. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8558 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bozdemir, Kültigin T1 - CO2 Emission Analysis of ALTANA AG: Geospatial and graph analysis to set a benchmark for CO2 emission calculations N2 - In 2019, Rhein-Waal University of Applied Sciences and ALTANA AG, a global leader in true specialty chemicals, initiated a project in cooperation to analyze the outbound transportation CO2 footprint from the European facilities of ALTANA AG. Since the distance is the main driver for CO2 emissions, methods were introduced to have shortest route distances after clustering of ALTANA’s shipments in space and time. This thesis aims to demonstrate methods to set benchmarks for distances or indirectly CO2 emissions. Besides complex distance calculations like Travelling Salesperson and Vehicle Routing Problems, a recommender system was also created for sea shipments. Last but not least, a simulation of social learning of consignees in a graph was also demonstrated. Geospatial and graph theory analyses were accomplished mostly with open-source tools. The main tools were PostGIS, Pysal, Geopandas, QGIS, pgRouting, Vrpy, and NetworkX. Jupyter Notebook files were also accompanied by chapters in this thesis that allow the readers to reproduce the results. The thesis provides an approach and methods for setting benchmarks for the CO2 emissions with open-source tools that ALTANA would have more bargaining power against its shipping service providers to encourage them for less CO2 emissions. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8139 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ezeobi-Chris, Chimaobi T1 - Quantification of carbon rhizodeposition of different biomes and arable crops from above- and below-ground biomass N2 - As more global warming data become increasingly available, climate change has become one of today’s greatest environmental threats. Terrestrial ecosystem plays an essential part in the uptake of “greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as Nitrous oxide (N2O), Methane (CH4) and Carbon dioxide (CO2)” through photosynthetic sequestration of atmospheric CO2 released from fossil fuel emission, cement manufacturing and deforestation. Rhizodeposits is the released carbon from the root rhizosphere containing a large amount of carbon, essential nutrients and organic compounds. This process is known as rhizodeposition and is often quantified as carbon derived from rhizodeposition (CdfR). This thesis aims to review selected existing literature on above and below-ground biomass carbon (AGB-C and BGB-C) inputs which were used to quantify the carbon sequestration of rhizodeposits in the below-ground biomass (BGB) of different terrestrial ecosystem biomes in the world and to know where the carbon sequestration is lacking the most. Measurement of rhizodeposition in the soil is mostly carried out in the laboratory involving the use of tracing root-derived C by isotopic and non-isotopic techniques, but in this thesis, about 60 papers from different sources were reviewed, and data on above- and below-ground biomass carbon were collected to quantify the C rhizodeposition in the terrestrial ecosystem biomes. The carbon content of the dry weight biomass was estimated by multiplying the above-ground biomass (AGB) and below-ground biomass (BGB) by 0.45. The C-rhizodeposition from the BGB-C was calculated by multiplying the BGB-C by 0.5. Quantification of global C stored in the biomes, including arable crops, was quantified by multiplying the world land area of different biomes with average AGB-C and BGB-C. The estimated values of the mean, median and range of AGB-C, BGB-C and C-rhizodeposition of different biomes (tropical forest, boreal forest, temperate forest, temperate grassland, tropical grassland) and arable crops were reported in this paper. The global C-storage of above- and below-ground of different biomes and arable crops were also quantified. The values were 210, 116, 93, 7.4, 47.2 in Gt C for the tropical forest, boreal forest, temperate forest, temperate grassland, tropical grassland, and 2.4 Gt C for below-ground arable crops only. Even though the comparison between these ecosystems might be an issue because different methods were used in evaluating the above- and below-ground vegetations plant, which in turn can influence the final quantity of C allocated in above- and below-ground biomass, the findings from this thesis for the biomes show that tropical forest has the highest C stored below ground while arable crops have the least. KW - Rhizodeposition KW - Above and below ground KW - Different biomes Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - THES A1 - Erfkämper, Svenja T1 - Growth Rates of different Poplar Clones in Central Asia N2 - Land degradation and especially the degradation of cropland is of great environmental concern worldwide. This problem is prevalent in the Central Asian countries as well. A viable solution for this and further environmental issues would be the cultivation of a fast-growing tree species, such as poplar. Several poplar cultivars were tested on plots in Almaty, Bishkek and Khorog. The performance of the trees was assessed by investigating growth in terms of height and diameter, death rate, being bent down, pest infestation, and phenology. The influence of environmental conditions and the influence of genotype were discussed. Both factors significantly influenced height, diameter at breast height and Death Rate. For basal diameter and diameter in 2m height, the location was the single influencing variable. For characteristic of being bent down, cultivar was the single influencing variable. For the percentage of trees that were infested by pest as well as for the extend of pest infestation none of the factors were seen as having an influence. Even though there are some bio-physical and socio-economic constraints, there are many opportunities for the cultivation of poplars in Central Asia. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ade, Carolin T1 - Bedeutung des CT-Wertes für die Epidemiologie und den klinischen Stellenwert beim pandemischen neuen Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 - Semiquantifizierung mittels Polymerase-Kettenreaktion N2 - Einleitung: Derzeitig ist die PCR die zuverlässigste und sensitivste Nachweismethode einer Infektion mit dem neuen Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Die real-time PCR bietet die Möglichkeit einer Semiquantifizierung der Viruslast über die Interpretation des cycle-threshold (CT)-Wertes. Dieser gibt die Anzahl der PCR Zyklen an die nötig sind, um ein Fluoreszenzsignal der Patientenprobe zu detektieren. In dieser Arbeit wurden die CT-Werte der SARS-CoV-2-PCR untersucht und die Ergebnisse mit demographischen Daten der Patienten korreliert. Methoden: Es wurden die CT-Werte der positiv getesteten Proben retrospektiv vom 15. März bis 15. September 2020 ausgewertet. Abstriche der Patienten wurden in 500 μl 0,9-prozentiger Salzlösung ausgewaschen. Virale RNA wurde im MagNA Pure 96 mittels des „DNA and viral NA small volume“ Kit extrahiert. Die RT-PCR erfolgte im Rotor Gene Q mit 45 PCR Zyklen. Der CT-Wert des S-Gen jeder positiven Probe sowie der CT-Wert der positiven Kontrollen wurde dokumentiert. Statistische Analysen erfolgten unter anderem mit dem Mann-Whitney U-Test, dem t-Test, dem F-Test, der ANOVA und dem Bonferroni post-hoc Test. Ergebnisse: Im Untersuchungszeitraum wurden insgesamt 65.878 Patienten über Nasopharynx-Abstriche auf das neue SARS-CoV-2 untersucht. Davon wurden 1.103 (1,7%) Proben mittels RT-PCR positiv getestet. Auf Grund der Berechnung der Fehlergrenzen wurden nur Proben mit einem CT-Wert der positiven Kontrolle zwischen 25,10 und 29,70 ausgewertet. Daher wurden 26 Proben exkludiert und 1.077 positive Proben zur Auswertung herangezogen. Von den untersuchten Patienten waren 566 (52,5%) weiblich und 511 (47,4%) männlich, 944 (87,6%) Proben wurden ambulant und 133 (12,3%) stationär entnommen. Positiv getestete Frauen waren signifikant älter als Männer (50,93 versus 45,04 Jahre; P=0,006) und hatten einen geringfügig höheren CT-Wert (25,44 versus 24,77; P=0,04). Die CT-Werte der stationär und ambulant entnommenen Proben wiesen keine signifikanten Unterschiede auf (25,80 versus 25,03; P=0,1), wobei stationäre Patienten signifikant älter waren (55,11 versus 47,15 Jahre; P<0,0001). Im Vergleich der Altersgruppen wiesen lediglich die Gruppe der über 80-jährigen signifikant höhere CT-Werte auf (P<0,001). 39 von 79 (49,4%) CT-Werten von Kindern und Jugendlichen waren kleiner oder gleich 24 und waren damit infektiös. Nur 3 von 79 Kindern (3,8%) und Jugendlichen im Vergleich zu 130 von 998 Erwachsenen (13,0%) wurden stationär behandelt. Der longitudinale Vergleich der CT-Werte zeigte keine signifikanten Schwankungen im Analyse- Zeitraum. Fazit: CT-Werte eignen sich zu einer detaillierteren Überwachung der SARS-CoV-2 Pandemie. Das Alter wie auch das Geschlecht sind wichtige Co-Faktoren bei SARS-CoV-2 positiven Patienten und kann Einfluss auf die CT-Werte in der SARS-CoV-2-PCR haben. Kinder haben nach dieser Studie eine vergleichbare Infektiosität zu Erwachsenen. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8205 ER -