TY - INPR A1 - Dumenu, William Kwadwo A1 - Appiah, Louis Gyekye A1 - Paul, Carola A1 - Darr, Dietrich T1 - Should forest enterprises formalize? Insight from a multi-dimensional characterization of informal baobab enterprises N2 - Knowledge of the structure and characteristics of informal forest enterprises is critical to determining the most appropriate course of action for their development and formalization. This study characterizes and develops a typology of informal microenterprises in the Malawian baobab processing sector; and assesses factors influencing their entry into the informal sector. Drawing on the analysis of firm-level data from 305 informal baobab pro- cessors, cost and complexity of registration, smallness (scale) of the business, and necessity-driven motivations were identified as key factors influencing informality. Coupling principal component and cluster analyses, three typologies of informal microenterprises were identified and characterized namely; high performance-survival phase enterprises (type 1), moderate performance-survival phase enterprises (type 2), and low performance-start-up phase enterprises (type 3). Annual net profit (earnings), firm age, and the extent of adoption of formal systems and controls explained the inherent segmentation. The segmentation suggests a dualism compromising of an upper- and lower-tier enterprises characterized by strong involuntary entry into the informal forest sector. For policy implications, we argue that the upper-tier enterprises (types 1 and 2) be targeted with business development programmes to promote their growth while, the lower-tier (type 3) targeted with skills development and social support. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-17172 SP - 102935 EP - 102935 ER - TY - INPR A1 - Zimenkova, Tatiana A1 - Molitor, Verena A1 - Müller, Katrin Alida A1 - Kronsbein, Jasmin T1 - Between LGBTTIQ-support and heteronormativity: Constructions of nor-mality inside a school LGBTTIQ-support project in Germany N2 - How does heteronormativity become visible within the discourse of LGBTTIQ-support activists at the school? Using data from non-moderated group discussions among schoolchildren aged between 14 and 18, who were involved in LGBTTIQ support projects in different schools within the German Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia, the article reconstructs how concepts of norms and normality, heteronormativity, difference and otherness are being articulated by the students. A sequential analysis of the group discussions is used to detect the meaning of norms and normality with respect to LGBTTIQ identities, to highlight the way in which LGBTTIQ-supporters are constantly being subjected to this discourse. Simul-taneously it detects a concealed conflict between the goal setting of LGBTTIQ support and heteronormative discourse. The paper underlines the mechanisms of problematizing LGBTTIQ-identities by students and framing them as non-normality, thus showing the power of heteronormative discourse, the very discourse young LGBTTIQ-supporters are trapped in and trying to cope with. KW - School support for LGBTTIQ KW - Schooling KW - Heteronormativity KW - Norms and normalization Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-7417 VL - 2021 ER - TY - INPR A1 - Sickmann, Jörn A1 - Le, Huynh Bich Ngan T1 - Eye-Tracking in Behavioural Economics and finance - A literature review T2 - Discussion Papers in Behavioural Sciences and Economics N2 - Eye-tracking refers to a methodology that helps researchers understand visual attention by recording eye positions, pupil dilation, and capturing eye movement images of a subject. Since eye-tracking systems nowadays are becoming more and more participant-friendly and easy to use for researchers, the application of the technology in behavioral economics and finance has recently been growing fast. Specifically, over the past two decades, there have been about forty eye-tracking research papers in the field, in which more than forty percent of them has been published since the last two years. For this reason, a literature review of the relevant studies will provide an overview of the development of eye-tracking and thus help to shape future eye-tracking research in human decision making in behavioral economics and finance. T3 - Discussion Papers in Behavioural Sciences and Economics - 1 KW - Eye Tracking KW - Behavioural economics KW - Behavioural finance KW - Literature review Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-1308 VL - 2016 IS - 1 ER -