TY - THES A1 - Jaeger, Celina T1 - Über die Bedeutung von Online-Yoga-Angeboten während der COVID-19-Pandemie als gesundheitsförderndes Instrument N2 - Diese Masterarbeit untersucht die Bedeutung von Online-Yoga-Angeboten als gesundheitsförderndes Instrument unter besonderer Betrachtung der COVID-19-Pandemie. Bei Yoga handelt es sich um eine der ältesten philosophischen Lehren und Methoden, welche unter anderem durch Körperübungen in Verbindung mit kontrollierten Atemübungen die Einheit und Stärkung von Körper, Geist und Seele anstrebt (Schöps 2020, S. 6). Interventionen zur Bekämpfung von COVID-19 führen zu starken Einschränkungen des täglichen Lebens. Besonders Kontaktbeschränkungen, Ausgangssperren sowie Schließungen von Freizeit-, Kultur- und Bildungseinrichtungen führen, je länger diese aufrecht erhalten werden, zu einem deutlichen Anstieg der psychischen Belastungen. Aufgrund der Hygienevorschriften und Schließung von Sporteinrichtungen sind körperliche Bewegungen oder sportliche Aktivitäten meist auf die eigene Häuslichkeit beschränkt. Da das Praktizieren von Yoga in Präsenzkursen durch die viruseindämmenden Maßnahmen nicht mehr möglich ist, werden onlinebasierte Alternativen, wie beispielsweise Yoga-Apps, Videoübertragungen in Echtzeit oder Videos von Videoportalen stärker frequentiert und notwendig. Die Zielsetzung dieser Masterarbeit besteht darin, mit Hilfe einer Online-Umfrage die Forschungsfrage „Wie wirkt sich Online-Yoga in Zeiten von COVID-19 auf die Gesundheit aus?“ zu untersuchen. Die statistischen Ergebnisse zeigen mäßig bis starke psychische Belastungen aufgrund der COVID-19-Pandemie, welche in besonders hohem Maße die Belastungsfaktoren Antriebslosigkeit, Niedergeschlagenheit, Interessenlosigkeit sowie das Gefühl, keine Energie zu haben und Schlafstörungen umfassen. Das Praktizieren von Online-Yoga verhilft bezugnehmend auf diese Belastungsfaktoren zur Linderung und entfaltet insgesamt eine positive, gesundheitsfördernde Wirkung. Darüber hinaus stärkt die Online-Yoga-Praxis die individuellen Fähigkeiten sowie Strategien zur Anpassung und Bewältigung im Hinblick auf die viruseindämmenden Maßnahmen. Mit steigender Dauer und Häufigkeit der Online-Yoga-Praxis geht auch eine größere gesundheitsfördernde Wirkung einher. Außerdem zeichnet sich anhand der Ergebnisse ein gestärktes Gesundheitsbewusstsein ab. Diesbezüglich gilt ebenfalls, je länger Yoga praktiziert wird, desto häufiger liegt die Motivation in der Verbesserung der psychischen und körperlichen Gesundheit begründet. Die Wirkung des Online-Yoga wird als beruhigend, entspannungsfördernd und positiv im Hinblick auf die körperliche Fitness sowie Ausgeglichenheit beschrieben. Es lässt sich demnach schlussfolgern, dass die Inanspruchnahme von Online-Yoga-Interventionen insgesamt eine mindestens genauso effektive und gesundheitsfördernde Wirkung erzielt, wie das Praktizieren in Präsenz-Kursen, in welchen die Yogaübungen durch einen Yogalehrenden angeleitet werden. N2 - This master´s thesis investigates the significance of online yoga offerings as a health-promoting measure with special regard to the COVID-19 pandemic. Yoga is one of the oldest philosophical teachings and methods, which strives for the unity and strengthening of body, mind and spirit through physical exercises in conjunction with controlled breathing exercises (Schöps 2020, p.6). Interventions to combat COVID-19 lead to severe restrictions on daily life. In particular, contact restrictions, curfews and closures of recreational, cultural and educational facilities increase psychological strain the longer they are maintained. Due to hygiene regulations and closure of sports facilities, physical exercises or sports activities are usually limited to one´s own home. Since practicing yoga in face-to-face classes is no longer possible due to virus-containment measures, online-based alternatives, such as yoga-apps, real-time video broadcasts, or videos from video portals, are necessary and becoming more frequented. The objective of this master´s thesis is to use an online survey to investigate the research question, ´What is the impact of online yoga on health in the era of COVID-19?`. The statistical results show moderate to severe psychological strain due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which particularly includes listlessness, dejection, lack of interest, lack of energy and insomnia. The study shows that practicing online yoga helps to alleviate these mental stress factors, having a positive, health promoting overall effect. Furthermore, the online yoga practice strengthens individual skills and strategies for adaption and coping with virus-control measures. With increasing duration and frequency of online yoga practice, comes greater health benefits, as several studies have stated. Moreover, the results indicate a strengthening of health awareness. Referring to this, the longer yoga is practiced, the more often the motivation is based on improving mental and physical health. The effect of online yoga is described as calming, relaxing and positive in terms of physical fitness as well as level-headedness. Concluding ultimately, the right utilization of online yoga interventions is started to be effective and health-promoting, just as practicing in face-to-face classes guided by a yoga teacher is. KW - Gesundheitsförderung KW - Prävention KW - Yoga KW - COVID-19 KW - Online-Yoga Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8593 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ghimire, Dikshant T1 - Assessment of the Impact of lockdown on PM 2.5 emission in Nepal N2 - Air pollution has been one of the main concerns for Nepal for a very long and PM2.5 is one of the most neglected air pollutants in Nepal. Nepal is among the countries most affected by both indoor and outdoor PM2.5 pollution in the world. This thesis is based on the recent lockdown that happened in Nepal during the pandemic of COVID-19 in 2020. This study investigates the impact of lockdown on PM2.5 emission based on the assessment of emission inventories. The annual data for PM2.5 emission was extracted from EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) and then the extrapolation was done to calculate the assumed PM2.5 emission for 2019 and 2020 using linear regression. The assumed nationwide monthly emission ercentage was used to calculate the PM2.5 emission during lockdown months. The PM2.5 sources affected during the lockdown were identified and their assumed percentage contribution (6.18%) was used to calculate the emission during lockdown month. The ambient air PM2.5 concentration data was extracted from the official websites of the government of Nepal. The lockdown months were compared with the preceding year's same month and the percentage change was calculated. The study suggested that in 2020 the PM2.5 emission rate for April was reduced by 4.68% and for May it was reduced by 4.85% whereas during an assumed 'no lockdown‘ year, all the months would have had an increase in PM2.5 emission by ~1.6%. The concentration of PM2.5 for March was educed by 14.65%, similarly, for April it was reduced by 13.96% and for May it was reduced by 50.92%. The comparison of the percentage change of both the PM2.5 emission and concentration shows that the decrease in concentration was much higher compared to the reduction in emission due to the lockdown. The monthly assessment of PM2.5 during the lockdown suggested that the percentage change in emission of PM2.5 was minor compared to the change in the concentration of PM2.5 which might be due to different reasons including meteorology, underestimation of the contribution of some emission sectors by the emission inventories and the fact that the emission inventories are set up for the whole country whereas the PM2.5 concentration data are collected with monitoring stations located in cities close to major PM2.5 sources. KW - PM2.5 KW - EDGAR KW - Pandemic KW - COVID-19 Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - THES A1 - Maharjan, Shirish T1 - Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Particulate Matter (PM) concentration in Nepal's ambient air N2 - The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed the lives of every human being in most of the countries in the world. Lockdown has been implemented in many countries to prevent the virus from spreading. Lockdown has prohibited people to go outside of their houses, closed industries and factories, and restricted air transportation and the free movement of vehicles, except emergency vehicles and flights. On the optimistic side, improvements in ambient air quality due to the lockdown have been reported across the world. This study evaluated ambient air quality by analyzing the PM2.5 concentrations monitored in 7 major cities of Nepal during March, April, and May of the years 2019 and 2020. Furthermore, meteorological data were also evaluated to investigate how meteorological conditions have affected Nepal’s ambient air quality during the investigation period. The monthly mean PM2.5 concentrations during March, April, and May 2020 were found to be lower in nearly all of the 7 cities of Nepal as compared to March, April, and May 2019. To some extent, a slightly higher amount of precipitation in March-May 2020 than during March-May 2019 supressed the ambient PM2.5 concentrations in 2020. But, since the highest decrease in PM2.5 concentration was found in Nepalgunj (72.78%) followed by Kathmandu (46.2%) during May 2020 as compared to May 2019 and thus, the highest differences between 2019 and 2020 were found for the cities with the highest contribution of transport emissions to PM2.5 in ambient air, the COVID-19 lockdown might have contributed to the lower PM2.5 concentrations in 2020. On the other hand, it can be assumed that one of the major primary sources of PM2.5, biomass burning (both the residential use and natural forest fires), was not affected by the lockdown, but biomass burning might be the reason for the increment of PM2.5 concentrations found at some sites, in particular in the Kathmandu Valley, and for the only subtle decrease at other sites during the lockdown. In essense, though it is an unfortunate situation, the lockdown provided a glimpse of the situation how effective improvements in the environmental conditions could be if we were to introduce large scale mitigation measures swiftly. Keywords: COVID-19; Lockdown; Air Pollution; Nepal; PM2.5 Concentration; Meteorological Data KW - COVID-19 KW - Lockdown KW - PM2.5 KW - Nepal KW - Air pollution Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-6881 ER -