TY - THES A1 - Shrestha, Sabita T1 - Named Entity Recognition for Nepali Text Using Pre-Trained BERT-Based Model N2 - The popularity of using transformer-based models like Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) for various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks is increasing rapidly. Unfortunately, the research is very limited for low-resource languages like Nepali. This study examines the utilisation of pre-trained BERT-based NERNepal for Named Entity Recognition (NER) tasks in Nepali text. The main goal is to investigate the efficiency of the NERNepal model, which has been pre-trained and fine-tuned on Nepali corpus data for NER. This research provides new insights by evaluating the NERNepal model on two distinct datasets. It addresses unique linguistic challenges specific to Nepali. The study also offers a detailed analysis of the model's strengths and weaknesses. By focusing on diverse datasets, this study shows how adaptable the model is and how its performance varies. These aspects have not been explored extensively before. The EverestNER dataset is one of the largest human-annotated datasets in Nepal so far, and the Nepali_NER dataset is also BIO-annotated for the NER task, which helped to compare the model’s prediction. The performance was better on the Nepali_NER dataset in comparison with another selected dataset. The EverestNER dataset contained many complex words for ORG connected with many tokens for a single entity with different contextual meanings and different annotations for the same word in different tokens as per context. Because of this, it created more confusion for the prediction, especially for the ORG entity. It had a similar issue with another dataset as well, but the label annotation was better in comparison. Furthermore, the research tries to clarify the difficulties and constraints related to utilising pre-trained BERT models for NER in low-resource languages such as Nepali. The study focuses on research areas on the efficacy of the model and its performance on two different datasets. Post-training with the EverestNER train dataset was attempted, but due to computational resource limitations, only a maximum of 3 epochs was possible, which did not improve the evaluation. It also has implications for enhancing language processing tools for Nepali. The results show the ability of a pre-trained BERT-based model to improve NER skills for Nepali text. However, further study is required to overcome the current obstacles to identifying complex words. The availability of high computational resources and the possibility of combining other NER approaches with a transformer-based model could increase the performance and robustness of the model. Keywords: Named Entity Recognition, Natural Language Processing, BERT, low resources language KW - Named Entity Recognition KW - Natural Language Processing KW - BERT KW - low resources language Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-19870 ER - TY - THES A1 - Luitjens, Kim Jana T1 - Auswirkung von Wertschätzung auf das organisationale Commitment mit der Unterscheidung zwischen dem öffentlichen Dienst und der Privatwirtschaft N2 - Durch den aktuellen Fachkräftemangel stehen Unternehmen vor der Herausforderung, sich von der Konkurrenz abzuheben und ihre Attraktivität zu steigern, um Mitarbeitende für ihr Unternehmen zu gewinnen. Schließlich stellen diese einen entscheidenden Faktor für den eigenen Unternehmenserfolg dar. Dies wirft die Frage auf, wie intensiv sich Unternehmen mit einer wertschätzenden Unternehmensführung auseinandersetzen und welche Auswirkung diese auf das Commitment, also die Bindung der Mitarbeitenden an ihre Organisation, nehmen. Und gibt es Unterschiede im Commitment je nach Organisationstyp? Da die Zusammenhänge aktuell Forschungslücken aufweisen und durch die Zeiten des Krisenmanagements immer bedeutender werden, ist das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit, Wertschätzung in Unternehmen zu differenzieren und den Einfluss der Wertschätzung durch Vorgesetzte auf die drei Komponenten des Commitmens nach Meyer & Allen (1991) sowie auf das organisationale Commitment zu erfassen. Ferner wird der Einfluss des Organisationstypen (öffentlicher Dienst vs. Privatwirtschaft) auf das organisationale Commitment beleuchtet und die entstehende Wechselwirkung mit der Ausprägung der Wertschätzung betrachtet. Hierfür wurde eine Querschnittstudie mit Studienteilnehmenden durchgeführt, die einer*m Vorgesetzten unterstehen und im öffentlichen oder privaten Sektor beschäftigt sind. Es konnte ein Datensatz von N = 178 verzeichnet werden. Die Ergebnisse des ersten gerichteten t-Tests zeigen, dass hohe Werte in der Wertschätzung signifikant mit hohen Werten im affektiven Commitment einhergehen. Gleichzeitig zeigen zwei weitere, ungerichtete t-Tests keine signifikanten Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Ausprägung der Wertschätzung – weder auf das normative noch auf das kalkulatorische Commitment. Ferner wurde eine Varianzanalyse (ANOVA) im 2x2 Design berechnet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es einen signifikanten Unterschied in der Ausprägung der Wertschätzung hinsichtlich des organisationalen Commitments gibt. Zudem wurde festgestellt, dass die Unterscheidung des Organisationstypen keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf das organisationale Commitment darstellt und dass das organisationale Commitment in den beiden Organisationstypen nicht signifikant von der Ausprägung der Wertschätzung beeinflusst wird. Die Studie setzt an Forschungslücken an und zeigt wichtige Implikationen und Anregungen für zukünftige Studien auf. N2 - Due to the current shortage of skilled workers, companies are faced with the challenge of setting themselves apart from the competition and increasing their attractiveness in order to attract employees to their company. After all, they represent a decisive factor in a company's success. This raises the question of how intensively companies deal with appreciative corporate management and what impact this has on commitment, referring to loyalty of employees to their organization. And are there differences in commitment depending on the type of organization? As there are currently gaps in the research on these relationships and they are becoming increasingly important due to the times of crisis management, the aim of this study is to differentiate appreciation in companies and to record the influence of appreciation by superiors on the three components of commitment according to Meyer & Allen (1991) and on organizational commitment. Furthermore, the influence of the type of organization (public sector vs. private sector) on organizational commitment is examined and the resulting interaction with the level of appreciation is considered. A cross-sectional study was conducted with study participants who report to a manager and are employed in the public or private sector. A data set of N = 178 was recorded. The results of the first directed t-test show that high values in appreciation are significantly associated with high values in affective commitment. At the same time, two further, undirected t-tests show no significant differences in regard to the level of appreciation - neither in normative commitment nor in calculative commitment. In addition, an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was calculated in a 2x2 design. The results show there is a significant difference in the level of appreciation with regard to organizational commitment. At the same time, it was found that the distinction between organizational types doesn‘t have a significant influence on organizational commitment and that organizational commitment in the two organizational types isn‘t significantly influenced by the level of appreciation. The study addresses research gaps and highlights important implications and suggestions for future studies. KW - Wertschätzung in Unternehmen KW - organisationales Commitment KW - öffentlicher Dienst KW - Privatwirtschaft Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-19898 ER - TY - THES A1 - Daniel, Bernwald T1 - Analyse der Entwicklung von Virtualisierung zu Containerisierung der IT-Infrastruktur in der öffentlichen Verwaltung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Cybersicherheit und Geschäftskontinuität N2 - This thesis examines the development from virtualisation to containerisation of the IT infrastructure in public administration. In particular, the aspects of cyber security and business continuity are analysed. The study covers the basics of virtualisation and containerisation, including their architecture and isolation mechanisms. Furthermore, the security risks and benefits of both approaches are analysed, especially with regard to container outbreak scenarios and vulnerability lifecycle management. A particular focus is placed on the breakdown of containerisation into different groups, including container runtime, container image and orchestration, in order to enable a differentiated view of security and efficiency potentials. Based on these findings, a concrete architecture proposal is presented that includes recommendations for the secure orchestration and management of containers. The aim of the work is to show how modern container technologies such as Docker and Kubernetes can provide a secure, scalable and cost-efficient platform for public administrations. N2 - Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Entwicklung von der Virtualisierung hin zur Containerisierung der IT"=Infrastruktur in der öffentlichen Verwaltung. Dabei werden insbesondere die Aspekte der Cybersicherheit und der Geschäftskontinuität beleuchtet. Die Untersuchung umfasst die Grundlagen der Virtualisierung und Containerisierung, inklusive ihrer Architektur und Isolationsmechanismen. Des Weiteren werden die Sicherheitsrisiken und "=vorteile beider Ansätze analysiert, insbesondere im Hinblick auf Container"=Ausbruchsszenarien und das Schwachstellen"=Lifecycle"=Management. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Aufteilung der Containerisierung in verschiedene Gruppen, einschließlich Container Runtime, Container Image und Orchestrierung, um eine differenzierte Betrachtung der Sicherheits"= und Effizienzpotenziale zu ermöglichen. Auf Basis dieser Erkenntnisse wird ein konkreter Architekturvorschlag präsentiert, der Empfehlungen für die sichere Orchestrierung und Verwaltung von Containern beinhaltet. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, aufzuzeigen, wie moderne Container"=Technologien wie Docker und Kubernetes eine sichere, skalierbare und kosteneffiziente Plattform für öffentliche Verwaltungen bieten können. Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - THES A1 - Engeln, Felix T1 - Verbesserung der Nutzbarkeit von Open Data-Portalen: Analyse, Schwachstellenidentifikation und Prototypentwicklung N2 - Diese Arbeit untersucht die Verbesserung der Benutzerfreundlichkeit von Open Data-Portalen durch nutzerzentrierte Designansätze. Durch die Entwicklung eines Prototyps werden spezifische Funktionen wie intuitive Suchmechanismen, fortschrittliche Analysetools und KI-Integration, exemplarisch durch ChatGPT, evaluiert. Besonders hervorgehoben wird die Bedeutung sozialer Interaktionsmöglichkeiten, die eine Gemeinschaft rund um die Daten fördern und die Datenqualität durch Nutzerfeedback steigern. Die Evaluierungsergebnisse zeigen eine deutliche Zufriedenheitssteigerung der Nutzenden, was das Potenzial dieser Ansätze unterstreicht. Die Arbeit bildet eine Grundlage für die kontinuierliche Entwicklung und Forschung im Bereich Open Data, um deren Nutzbarkeit und den demokratischen Nutzen zu maximieren. N2 - This thesis examines the enhancement of the usability of open data portals through user-centred design approches. The development of a prototype enables the evaluation of specific features, including intuitive search mechanisms, advanced analytics tools and AI integration, exemplified by ChatGPT. The significance of social interaction options that foster a community around the data and enhance data quality through user feedback is emphasised. The evaluation results demonstrate a notable enhancement in user satisfaction, which underscores the potential of these approaches. The work serves as a foundation for continuous development and research in the field of open data, with the objective of optimising its usability and democratic benefits. Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - THES A1 - Gedikoglu, Furkan T1 - Versuchsorientierte Analyse von Federated Learning und Centralized Machine Learning-Methoden zur Bildklassifizierung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Datenschutz, Effizienz und Effektivität N2 - Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Untersuchung der Effektivität und Effizienz von verteiltem Fine-Tuning auf Endgeräten im Vergleich zu zentralisiertem, cloudbasiertem Machine Learning. Zu diesem Zweck wurden Experimente sowohl mit Federated Learning als auch mit Centralized Machine Learning durchgeführt. Dabei wurden verschiedene Modellarchitekturen, darunter ResNet-20 und ResNet-56, sowie unterschiedliche Parameterkonfigurationen getestet. Die Experimente wurden auf einer Testumgebung mit 21 Mac minis im Cloud Resilience Lab der Hochschule Rhein-Waal durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der zentralisierte Ansatz im Allgemeinen eine höhere Modellgenauigkeit erreicht, während der verteilte Ansatz Vorteile im Bereich des Datenschutzes bietet. Die Analyse der Energieeffizienz ergab, dass der zentralisierte Ansatz weniger Energie verbraucht als der verteilte Ansatz. N2 - This thesis investigates the effectiveness and efficiency of distributed fine-tuning on end devices in comparison to centralized cloud-based machine learning. To this end, experiments were conducted with both federated learning and centralized machine learning. Different model architectures, including ResNet-20 and ResNet-56, and different parameter configurations were tested. The experiments were conducted on a test environment with 21 Mac minis in the Cloud Resilience Lab at Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences. The results show that the centralized approach generally achieves higher model accuracy, while the federated approach offers advantages in the area of data protection and privacy. The analysis of energy efficiency demonstrated that the centralized approach consumes less energy than the federated approach. Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - THES A1 - Khatiwada, Sabin T1 - AUTOMATION OF SOLAR WATER DISINFECTION (SODIS) ON A SMALL-SCALE USING ARDUINO DUE N2 - Clean water is essential for human health and well-being. In many parts of the world, access to safe drinking water is limited, leading to various waterborne diseases. Solar water disinfection(SODIS) is a simple and cost-effective method used to purify water using sunlight, where itinactivates the pathogens and makes the water safe for consumption. This disinfection process involves filling polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles with water and exposing them to sunlight for a specified period. The aim of this thesis is to develop a working prototype that exploresthe automation of SODIS on a small-scale using Arduino Due, a microcontroller board that offers advanced features for automation. The prototype consists of the necessary parts to perform SODIS automatically. In conventional SODIS, it is assumed that the required SODIS criteria are met within 6 hours of a sunny day. In contrast, in the prototype microcontroller pumps the water into the PET bottle, monitors sunlight exposure for 6 hours, determines disinfection, and then pumps out the water for consumption only when the threshold values for irradiance are met. If the conditions are not met, the exposure is extended by an hour each time and checked again. The prototype automates the SODIS on a small-scale using cost-efficient components. However, the prototype lacks oxygenation capacity, and there is a possibility of entering an infinite loop if the irradiance values are not met for a long time. The prototype could be further developed with extra sensors and extensive research for advanced automation. KW - Solar water disinfection KW - SODIS KW - Water disinfection KW - Irradiance KW - Sensors KW - Automation Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wissigkeit, Tobias T1 - Interaction design strategies for conversational video games to accommodate for anomalous user- and AI behaviors: A case study on integration strategies for interaction-based AI technologies in games using participatory design methods. N2 - The recent development of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has inspired some game developers to try and integrate it into games. Anomalous behavior by generative AI or users seems undesirable and effort is being made to find ways on how to prevent anomalous responses by generative AI. However, these responses are a unique trait of generative AI and in our project, we explore strategies on how the negative effects of anomalous user and AI behavior can be mitigated, instead of trying to prevent them from appearing. We want to leverage their uniqueness as an intended game mechanic and see in what context these strategies can work. To achieve these goals, we researched already existing integrations of generative AI features in games and entertainment as well as possible connections to game mechanics and systems that are not related to AI. Based on this, we created 4 prototypes of conversational games with generative AI characters, which allowed the AI to create anomalous responses and did not limit the player freedom of what they may input. In our 36 participatory design sessions, we found that anomalous user and AI behavior can have a positive influence on the player's experience if a game's story is set up in a way that it can allow new and diverging story threads, that are created by the player and AI, to be integrated and if there are supplementary game mechanics, that allow the player to follow the intended story and complete the game. KW - Generative AI KW - Video Game Design KW - Human-AI Interaction KW - AI Hallucinations KW - Participatory Design Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-19710 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kottek, Nick T1 - Echtzeit-Erkennung von Gesten des deutschen Fingeralphabets mithilfe eines Convolutional Neural Networks N2 - Sign language is an important factor in the integration of deaf and hard of hearing people into society. Due to the limited number of people who speak sign language, there is a communication barrier that needs to be addressed. In recent years, sign language has been an important field of research. There have been numerous attempts at trying to find a solution to this problem. This thesis focuses on the German finger alphabet, which has not been researched as much. It examines whether it is possible to recognize the gestures of the German finger alphabet in real time with a convolutional neural network. For that, literature is consulted, and a prototype is developed. The prototype includes a newly created dataset with 2,500 images distributed over 25 gestures, a convolutional neural network, and software for real-time translation of a video stream. The prototype demonstrates the feasibility of realizing such a task. The convolutional neural network achieves an accuracy of 99.61%. On a powerful desktop computer, the prediction of a single frame takes between 36 and 40 ms. However, there are some limitations and restrictions to the quality of prediction caused by factors such as lighting and background. Additionally, certain similar gestures, such as M and N, are difficult to distinguish. Based on these results, ideas and suggestions for future studies are presented. KW - convolutional neural network KW - sign language KW - German finger alphabet KW - image classification KW - real-time recognition Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-19768 ER - TY - THES A1 - Skaf, Leen T1 - Living Green Walls in the Workplace: Evaluating the Impact on Employee Well-being, Productivity, and Indoor Environmental Quality N2 - Living Green Walls (LGWs) represent a promising pathway towards sustainable agriculture and have proven psychological benefits applicable to educational and workspace environments (Van den Berg et al., 2016). This bachelor thesis investigates the impact of LGWs on indoor environmental quality, employees' well-being, and performance in the offices of the Facility Management Department of Hochschule Rhein-Waal (HSRW) - Kleve campus. A hybrid methodology is adopted, combining sensor measurements of physical parameters and a self-developed questionnaire assessing perceived LGW impact. The sensors are set up in four offices, three of which featured LGWs, while the questionnaire is distributed online to workers before and after the LGW installation. Eight workers participated in the study, of which 62.5 % were female, and 37.5 % were male, with age range between 25 and above 45 years old. The results indicate a positive overall impact of LGWs on office environmental quality and employee well-being. The CO2 concentration was reduced on average by 30 ppm, whereas the relative humidity was increased, on average, by approximately 6 %. Hence, the LGWs enhanced slightly the air quality in the offices. Moreover, the target group claimed that their motivation level, on average, was raised by 15% after exposure to the LGWs. Hence, half of them agreed that the LGWs impacted their performance positively. However, challenges emerged concerning LGW technical design and employee engagement with the research. Despite obstacles, the study suggests potential for future improvements in methodology and technical aspects, offering promising project ideas for further research. Furthermore, the overall positive impact of LGW in this study has proven that integrating such systems into work environment can boost the motivation level of the workers and improve the environmental quality in workspaces. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-19696 ER - TY - THES A1 - Tebest, Marie T1 - Schneller Nachweis der Methicillin-Resistenz bei Staphylokokken-Isolaten Vergleich verschiedener Methoden N2 - Methicillin Resistente Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) gehören zu gefürchteten Erregern eines bunten Bildes von Infektionen, die bis zu einer Sepsis reichen können. Eines der größten Probleme von MRSA ist die hohe Pathogenität und die Entwicklung von zusätzlichen Resistenzen gegenüber weiteren Antibiotikaklassen. Die schnelle Identifizierung von MRSA und das Anlegen eines Antibiogramms ist daher entscheidend für eine frühe Therapie-Empfehlung und damit verbunden eine optimale Behandlung des Patienten. Aufgrund dessen wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit nach weiteren Möglichkeiten in der mikrobiologischen Diagnostik gesucht, um die Zeitspanne zwischen dem ersten Laborverdacht auf eine MRSA-Infektion und der spezifischen Antibiotikatherapie nach der Erregeridentifizierung zu reduzieren. Dazu wurden zwei verschiedene Methoden (MRSA-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) und Penicillin-Bindeprotein 2a (PBP2a)-Schnelltest), bezüglich ihrer Leistungsdaten mitdem Goldstandard zum Nachweis der Methicillin-Resistenz (VITEK-2 und Cefoxitin� Bestätigungstest) verglichen. Die klinischen Isolate für die experimentelle Durchführung stammen aus Blutkulturflaschen und Abstrichen von intraoperativen Wunden. Insgesamt wurden 74 Isolate retrospektiv getestet, darunter 26 (35%) MRSA� Isolate, 24 (32,5%) Methicillin-sensibler Staphylococcus aureus-Stämme und 24 (32,5%) Koagulase-negative Staphylokokken (KnS). In der MRSA-PCR kam es zu 15 (20%) fraglichen Ergebnissen, weshalb die Methode für eine zuverlässige Routinediagnostik nicht geeignet erschien. Nach Ausschluss der fraglichen Ergebnisse hatte die PCR einen positiven prädiktiven Wert (PPW) von lediglich 65,7%. Die Sensitivität lag bei 92,9%, die Spezifität bei 93,5% und der negative prädiktive Wert (NPW) bei 99,0%. Der Schnelltest besaß eine Spezifität und einen PPW von 100%, eine Sensitivität von 97,3% und einen NPW von 99,6%. Des Weiteren ergaben sich zusätzliche Vorteile bei der Verwendung des Schnelltestes durch die kürzere Laufzeit, den geringeren Kostenaufwand und die Einfachheit der Durchführung. Der ermittelte Zeitgewinn durch PCR oder Schnelltest betrug im Vergleich zum VITEK-2 zwischen 15 und 23,8 Stunden, was für die betroffenen Patienten von erheblichen klinischem Vorteil war. Zusammenfassend hatte der PBP2a-Schnelltest sowohl für S. aureus- als für KnS-Isolate bessere Leistungsdaten als die verwendete MRSA-PCR und wurde deshalb in die Routinediagnostik des Labors eingeführt. N2 - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are among the feared pathogens of a colourful picture of infections that can range up to sepsis. One of the biggest problems of MRSA is its high pathogenicity and the development of additional resistance to other classes of antibiotics. The rapid identification of MRSA and the creation of an antibiogram is therefore crucial for an early recommendation of therapy and therefore an optimal treatment of the patient. For this reason, the present work seeks further possibilities in microbiological diagnostics in order to reduce the time span between the first laboratory suspicion of MRSA infection and the specific antibiotic therapy after pathogen identification. For this purpose, two different methods (MRSA� polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) rapid test) were compared with the gold standard for the detection of methicillin resistance (VITEK-2 and cefoxitin confirmatory test). The clinical isolates oft he study were derived from blood culture bottles and swabs from intraoperative wounds. A total of 74 isolates were retrospectively tested including 26 (35%) MRSA, 24 (32.5%) methicillin� sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and 24 (32.5%) coagulase-negative staphylococci(CnS). In the MRSA-PCR 15 (20%) questionable results were obtained, which is why the method did not appear suitable for reliable routine diagnostics. After excluding the results in question, the PCR had a positive predictive value (PPV) of only 65.7%. The sensitivity was 92.9%, the specificity was 93.5% and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 99.0%. The rapid test showed a specificity and PPV of 100%, a sensitivity of 97.3% and a NPV of 99.6%. In addition, the use of the rapid test has yielded additional benefits in terms of shorter turnaround, lower costs and ease of implementation. The estimated time gain by PCR or rapid test was between 15 and 23.8 hours compared to VITEK-2, which was of significant clinical benefit to the affected patients. In summary, the PBP2a rapid test for both S. aureus and CnS isolates had better performance data than the MRSA-PCR used and was therefore introduced into routine laboratory diagnostics. KW - Methicillin-Resistenz Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-19727 ER -